JPH10292784A - Excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the operating efficiency of excavation by efficiently taking excavated materials into an excavator body and discharging them in an excavator. SOLUTION: A cylindrical excavator body 11 can be moved forward by a shield jack 22, and a first excavation rotary drum 14 is installed to the front section of the excavator body 11 through a first support frame 13 while a second excavation rotary drum 19 is mounted through a second support frame 16. The size of a clearance S formed between the first excavation rotary drum 14 and the second excavation rotary drum 19 can be varied by shifting the second support frame 16 before and behind by a moving jack 18.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an excavator for excavating underground, and is particularly suitable for use in a tunnel boring machine or a shield excavator for excavating a tunnel.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a conventional tunnel boring machine, and FIG. 6 is a front view of the tunnel boring machine.

A tunnel boring machine (hereinafter referred to as TBM)
Called. 5), as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the excavator body includes a cylindrical front body 101 and a rear body 102. The front body 101 has a ring shape, and a bearing 103 is provided at the front. Thereby, the cutter head 104 is rotatably mounted. The cutter head 104 has a plurality of cut-spokes 105 fixed so as to intersect with the front surface.A large number of disk cutters 106 for shearing and breaking rock are pivotally mounted on each of the cut-spokes 105, and the cutting surface is scraped. A scraper 107 is attached, and an opening 108 is formed adjacent to the scraper 107 to take in shear such as crushed rock fragments and earth and sand. A ring gear 109 having internal teeth is integrally fixed to a rear portion of the cutter head 104, and an electric or hydraulic cutter turning motor 110 is fixed to the front body 101. Drive gear 111 meshes with the ring gear 109.

A chamber chamber 113 is formed in the front body 101 by fixing a bulkhead 112 so that shear generated by excavation does not enter the inside. And
A screw conveyor 114 is provided in the chamber 113 to carry out the shears crushed by the disk cutter 106 to the outside.

Accordingly, when the cutter rotating motor 110 is driven to rotate the drive gear 111, the ring gear 109 meshed with the drive gear 111 rotates, the cutter head 104 integrated with the ring gear 109 is rotated, and each disk cutter 106 is rotated. The ground can be excavated by shear fracture. Then, the scraper 107 scrapes the excavated surface, and the generated shear can be taken into the inside of the front body 101 from the opening 108. The shear that has been taken into the chamber 113 from the opening 108 of the cutter head 104 can be discharged to the outside by the screw conveyor 114.

[0006] A plurality of shield jacks 115 are arranged in the circumferential direction around the rear outside of the front trunk 101, and the shield jacks 115 extend rearward in the digging direction and are attached to the inner peripheral surface of the existing tunnel. By pressing against the existing segment S, the front trunk 101 can be advanced by the reaction force. On the other hand, the front torso 101 is provided with a segment elector 116, which is mounted on a tunnel between the front torso 101 advanced by the shield jack 115 and the existing segment S, and a new segment S is attached to the tunnel. Can be built. Further, the rear trunk 102 located behind the front trunk 101 has a ring shape, and a plurality of direction control jacks 117 are provided between the front trunk 101 and the rear trunk 102. By expanding and contracting the direction control jack 117, the front trunk 101 having the cutter head 104 is bent with respect to the rear trunk 102, and the excavation direction can be changed.

In order to excavate a tunnel using the TBM constructed as described above, first, while the cutter turning motor 110 is driven to rotate the cutter head 104, each shield jack 115 is extended to cut the tunnel together with the front body 101. head
Move 104 forward. Then, the disk cutter 106 of the revolving cutter head 104 presses against the ground in front, breaks it by shearing, and excavates the ground. Then, the shear generated by the ground excavation of the disk cutter 106 is taken into the chamber 113, and is discharged to the outside by the screw conveyor 116.

[0008] Thereafter, one of the shield jacks 115 is contracted to form a space between the existing segment S and the segment elector 116 mounts a new segment S in this space and establishes a tunnel. To construct. The tunnel is continuously excavated by repeating this operation.

[0009]

As described above, during tunnel excavation work, a large number of disk cutters 10 are moved by moving the cutter head 104 forward while rotating.
6 excavated the tunnel by shearing the ground, and the generated shear was taken into the chamber 113 through the opening 108 and discharged to the outside by the screw conveyor 114. In this case, the size of the shear varies depending on the excavated ground.
That is, it is necessary to crush the gravel on the gravel ground and take it into the chamber 113, and on clay, silt, or sandy ground, the ground can be taken into the chamber 113 as it is after excavation.

At this time, the generated shear is generated by the cutter head 10.
The opening 108 is taken into the chamber 113 from each opening 108, and the opening 108 may be somewhat large for gravel.
It is necessary to make it smaller for silt, earth and sand. This is because when the excavated ground is clay, silt, or sandy ground, if the opening 108 is large, the ground may collapse. Therefore, in the past, it was necessary to increase this opening 108 to improve the shear discharge efficiency, but it had to be set small to maintain stability due to collapse of the ground, which hindered the improvement of tunnel excavation efficiency. .

An object of the present invention is to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide an excavator in which excavation work efficiency is improved by efficiently taking in and excavating excavated soil in an excavator body. And

[0012]

According to the present invention, there is provided an excavator having a cylindrical excavator body, propulsion means for advancing the excavator body, and a front portion of the excavator body. A plurality of excavation rotary drums, drum rotating means for driving and rotating the excavation rotary drum, and a size of an opening formed between the plurality of excavation rotary drums by relatively moving the excavation rotary drum And a drum moving means for making variable.

The excavator according to the present invention is characterized in that the excavating rotary drum is movable laterally in the excavating direction from the excavator body by the drum moving means.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tunnel excavator as an excavator according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, and FIG. An outline showing an operation state is shown.

In the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the excavator body 11 has a rectangular tube shape, and a bulkhead 12 is fixed to a front portion.
A base end of a pair of left and right first support frames 13 extending forward is fixed to an upper portion of the bulkhead 12, and a first end of the first support frame 13 is attached to the first support frame 13.
An excavating rotary drum 14 is rotatably mounted, and is rotatable in a direction indicated by an arrow shown in FIG. 1 by a built-in drive motor 15. A base end of a pair of left and right second support frames 16 extending forward is supported at the lower portion of the bulkhead 12 via a seal member 17 so as to be movable back and forth, and is mounted on the bulkhead 12. The movable jack 18 can be moved back and forth. A second excavation rotary drum 19 is rotatably mounted on the distal end of the second support frame 16, and a built-in drive motor 20.
1, that is, in the direction opposite to the direction of the first excavation rotary drum 14.

The two first excavating rotary drums 14 and the second
The excavating rotary drums 19 are vertically arranged, and a gap S is formed between the two. The gap S forms an opening for taking the excavated waste into the front part of the excavator body 11. An excavator 21 is mounted on the excavator body 11, and a front end of the excavator 21 penetrates through the bulkhead 12 and opens to the front of the excavator body 11, and a rear end of the excavator 21 is deflected. Is connected to an unillustrated unloading device for unloading to the outside.

Accordingly, the first and second excavation rotary drums 14 and 19 are driven by driving the respective drive motors 15 and 20.
Are driven in opposite directions to each other.
4, 20 can excavate the ground in front. Then, the generated excavated earth and sand can be taken into the front part of the excavator body 11 from the gap S between the excavating rotary drums 14 and 20 and discharged to the outside by the earth discharging device 21.

A plurality of shield jacks 22 are arranged in a circumferential direction on an inner peripheral surface of a rear portion of the excavator body 11, and the shield jacks 22 extend rearward in the excavating direction, and are provided on an inner peripheral surface of the existing tunnel. The excavator body 1 is pressed against the assembled existing segment S by the reaction force thereof.
One can move forward. In addition, a segment elector (not shown) is provided at a rear portion of the excavator main body 11, and the segment elector places a new segment S in a space between the excavator main body 11 advanced by the shield jack 22 and the existing segment S. Can be installed to build a tunnel.

In order to excavate a tunnel by the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment having the above-described configuration, first, the respective drive motors 15 and 20 are driven, and the first excavation rotary drum 14 is driven.
And the 2nd excavation rotary drum 19 is rotationally driven in the arrow direction of FIG. At the same time, each shield jack 22 is extended by a predetermined stroke, and the excavator body 11 is advanced by the reaction force against the existing segment S. Then, the first excavation rotary drum 14 and the second excavation rotary drum 19, which are rotationally driven in opposite directions, are pressed against the ground in front, and excavate this ground. The shear generated by the ground excavation of the excavating rotary drums 14 and 19 is taken into the front portion of the excavator body 11 from the gap S between the two, and is discharged to the outside by the earth discharging device 21.

Thereafter, one of the shield jacks 22 is contracted to form a space between the existing segment S and the segment erector mounts a new segment S in this space to construct a tunnel. I do. The tunnel is continuously excavated by repeating this operation.

Incidentally, in the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, the excavation rotary drum 1 depends on the geology of the excavation ground.
The size of the gap S between 4 and 19 can be changed.
That is, if the geology of the excavated ground is soft due to clay, silt, earth and sand, there is a risk of collapse of the ground, and the gap S is reduced as shown in FIG. On the other hand, when the geology of the excavated ground is gravel and there is no danger of collapse of the ground, the gap S is increased as shown in FIG.
In this case, the gap S between the first excavation rotary drum 14 and the second excavation rotary drum 19 is increased by extending the moving jack 18 and moving the second excavation rotary drum 19 backward together with the second support frame 16. Can be bigger. Therefore, in this state, each of the excavating rotary drums 14 and 19 is rotationally driven in the direction of the arrow in FIG.
When the excavator body 2 is extended by a predetermined stroke, the excavator body 11 moves forward, and the excavating rotary drums 14 and 19 press against the ground in front and break it by shearing, thereby excavating the ground.
The gravel generated by the excavation of the excavation rotary drums 14 and 19 is taken into the front part of the excavator body 11 from the large gap S and discharged to the outside by the earth discharging device 21.

FIG. 4 schematically shows a tunnel excavator as an excavator according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Note that members having the same functions as those described in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.

In the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, a base end of a first support frame 13 is fixed to an upper portion of a bulkhead 12 fixed to an excavator main body 11, and A first excavation rotary drum 14 can be driven and rotated by a drive motor 15 at the tip of the support frame 13. At the lower part of the bulkhead 12, the base ends of a pair of left and right second support frames 31 extending forward are supported by a support shaft 32 so as to be rotatable up and down, and are mounted on the bulkhead 12. Rotating jack 3
3 makes it possible to rotate vertically. The second excavation rotary drum 1 is provided at the tip of the second support frame 31.
9 can be driven and rotated by a drive motor 20.

The two first excavating rotary drums 14 and the second
The excavating rotary drums 19 are vertically arranged, and a gap S is formed between the two. The gap S forms an opening for taking the excavated waste into the front of the excavator body 11. The lower part of the second excavation rotary drum 19 can project outward from the excavator body 11, and the amount of outward projection can be changed as necessary to form a copy cutter.

Accordingly, each of the drive motors 15 and 20 is driven to drive the first excavation rotary drum 14 and the second excavation rotary drum 1.
When each of the shield jacks 22 is extended by a predetermined stroke at the same time as the rotation of the excavator 9 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. Then, the first excavation rotary drum 14 and the second excavation rotary drum 19, which are driven to rotate in opposite directions, press against the ground in front, and excavate this ground. The shear generated by the ground excavation of the excavating rotary drums 14 and 19 is taken into the front portion of the excavator body 11 from the gap S between the two, and is discharged to the outside by the earth discharging device 21.

At this time, if the geology of the excavated ground is soft due to clay, silt, earth and sand, etc., the gap S is reduced to prevent the collapse of the ground, and the geology of the excavated ground is gravel. When there is no danger of collapse of the ground, the clearance S is increased to improve the discharge efficiency of excavated earth and sand. In this case, the rotary jack 33 is expanded and contracted to extend the second support frame 31.
Is rotated to move the second excavation rotary drum 19 upward or downward, so that the gap S between the first excavation rotary drum 14 and the second excavation rotary drum 19 can be changed.

Further, in the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, the second excavation rotary drum 19 can be used for excavation. That is, the second excavation rotary drum 1 is extended by extending the rotary jack 33 and rotating the second support frame 31 downward to move the second excavation rotary drum 19 downward.
9 extrudes outward from the excavator body 11 by P, and a tunnel having a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the excavator body 11 can be excavated.

In each of the above-described embodiments, only one of the second excavating rotary drums 19 can be moved back and forth or up and down.
Both 4 and 19 may be movable back and forth, or may be movable up and down. Also, three or more excavating rotary drums may be provided at the front of the excavator body 11. Furthermore,
Although the rotary drums 14 and 19 are driven and rotatable with a horizontal axis, the rotary drums 14 and 19 may be driven and rotatable with a vertical axis.

[0030]

As described above in detail in the embodiment, according to the excavator of the present invention, the tubular excavator body can be advanced by the propulsion means, and a plurality of excavator bodies can be provided at the front of the excavator body. Drum moving means is provided, which is capable of being driven and rotated by the drum rotating means by mounting the excavating rotary drum, and moving the excavating rotary drum relatively to change the size of the opening formed between the plurality of excavating rotary drums. So
By changing the size of the opening between the excavating rotary drums according to the geology of the excavated ground, excavated earth and sand can be efficiently taken into the excavator body and discharged, and the excavation work efficiency can be improved. .

Further, according to the excavator of the present invention, the excavating rotary drum can be moved laterally from the excavating body by the drum moving means in the excavating direction. Larger diameter tunnels can be excavated. Can be

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tunnel excavator as an excavator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the tunnel excavator according to the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation state of the tunnel excavator according to the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a tunnel excavator as an excavator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a conventional tunnel boring machine.

FIG. 6 is a front view of a conventional tunnel boring machine.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Excavator main body 12 Bulkhead 13 1st support frame 14 1st excavation rotating drum 15 Drive motor 16 2nd support frame 17 Seal member 18 Moving jack (drum moving means) 19 2nd rotating drum 20 Drive motor 22 Shield jack (Propulsion) Means) 31 second support frame 33 rotating jack (drum moving means) S gap (opening)

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Masao Miyauchi 1-7-1, Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Toda Construction Co., Ltd.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An excavator body having a tubular shape, propulsion means for advancing the excavator body, a plurality of excavation rotary drums mounted on a front portion of the excavator body, and driving rotation of the excavation rotary drum. An excavator comprising: a drum rotating unit; and a drum moving unit that varies a size of an opening formed between the plurality of excavating rotary drums by relatively moving the excavating rotary drum. 2. The excavator according to claim 1, wherein the excavating rotary drum is movable laterally in the excavation direction from the excavator body by the drum moving means.