JP4053499B2 - 分離方法 - Google Patents
分離方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4053499B2 JP4053499B2 JP2003552409A JP2003552409A JP4053499B2 JP 4053499 B2 JP4053499 B2 JP 4053499B2 JP 2003552409 A JP2003552409 A JP 2003552409A JP 2003552409 A JP2003552409 A JP 2003552409A JP 4053499 B2 JP4053499 B2 JP 4053499B2
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Description
本発明は、分離の分野、特に、液体から化合物を分離する方法に関し、その方法は、所望の化合物をクロマトグラフィーのマトリクスに吸着させる新しい原理に基づく。本発明はまた、かかる方法において有用なマトリクスも包含する。
最も繁用されている分離方法の一つは、クロマトグラフィーである。クロマトグラフィーの用語は、密接に関連する分離方法のファミリーを包含する。クロマトグラフィーを殆どの他の物理化学的分離方法から区別している特徴は、2つの相互に混合不可能な相が接触していることであり、そこでは一方の相が固定され、他方が移動性である。移動相に導入されたサンプル混合物は、一連の相互作用を経る。即ち、移動相によってシステムを通して運ばれながら、何回も固定相と移動相の間で分けられる。相互作用は、サンプル中の成分の物理または化学的特性の差異を利用する。これらの差異は、固定相を含有するカラムを通って移動する移動相の影響下における、個々の成分の移動速度を決定する。分離された成分は、固定相との相互作用に依存して、一定の順序で現れる。遅滞が最小である成分が最初に溶離し、最も強く遅滞させられた物質が最後に溶離する。分離は、サンプル成分がカラムから溶離するときに、1つの成分が隣の溶質の区域との重複を阻止するほど十分に遅滞させられる場合に成立する。
−正味荷電を有するイオン間の相互作用;
−永久双極子間の相互作用;
−イオンと、それにより他の分子中に誘導される双極子との相互作用;
−永久双極子と、それにより他の分子中に誘導される双極子との相互作用;
−不活性ガスなどの非極性原子または分子間の相互作用;
−ある分子の核および電子と、他の分子のそれらとの相互作用。
従って、本発明の1つの目的は、液体からの化合物の分離方法であって、先行技術の方法と異なる特異性をもたらし得る方法を提供することである。従って、本発明の目的は、既知分離方法の追加物または代替物として役立ち得る、そのような方法を提供することである。
用語「非荷電」は、本明細書において、非イオン性化合物に使用される。
「芳香族性基」は、本明細書において、(4n+2)に等しい数(ここで、nは正の整数またはゼロである)のπ電子を有する共役炭化水素基を意味する(ヒュッケル則)。この規則は、sp2−混成炭素原子のみで構成される炭化水素化合物に適用される。CH=CHユニットが窒素または硫黄により置換されている上記の基も、用語「芳香族性基」に包含される。
図1は、正荷電溶質と、局所的な高電子密度を有する化合物との間の、起こり得る相互作用を図解する。
図2は、市販の Phenyl SepharoseTM Fast Flow マトリクス (Amersham Biosciences AB, Uppsala, Sweden) のリガンド構造を図解する。
図3は、市販の Butyl SepharoseTM Fast Flow マトリクス (Amersham Biosciences AB, Uppsala, Sweden) のリガンド構造を図解する。
図4は、表1(実験の部)に記載の、Phenyl SepharoseTM Fast Flow を充填したカラム(HR5/5カラム)へのBSAの適用を示す。
図5は、表1(実験の部)に記載の、Phenyl SepharoseTM Fast Flow を充填したカラム(HR5/5カラム)へのIgGの適用を示す。
図6は、表1(実験の部)に記載の、SepharoseTM 6 Fast Flow を充填したカラム(HR5/5カラム)へのIgGの適用を示す。
図7は、表1(実験の部)に記載の、Butyl SepharoseTM Fast Flow を充填したカラム(HR5/5カラム)へのIgGの適用を示す。
本発明の第1の態様は、液体からの化合物の分離方法である。その方法は、
(a)少なくとも1つの非荷電リガンドを含む分離マトリクスを提供すること;
(b)分離しようとする化合物が正荷電状態で存在する液体を提供すること;
(c)マトリクスへの化合物の吸着が生じるのに十分な期間、該マトリクスを該液体と接触させること;および、
(d)マトリクスから液体を除去すること;
の段階を含み、該非荷電リガンドは、四極子または双極子モーメントを有し、該リガンドへの化合物の吸着は、陽イオン−π相互作用に支配されるものである。
(e)吸着した化合物を溶離すること、の段階も含む。これは、pHを高めることを含む、pH勾配/段階により、都合よく実施される。従って、分離しようとする化合物の電荷がより低い正電荷に向かって変化し、続いてだんだんと負に荷電するように、溶離剤のpHを段階的に変化させる。分離マトリクスに1以上の化合物が吸着した場合、異なる化合物がそれらの各々の組成によって異なる電荷で溶離し、1またはそれ以上の所望の化合物が他の化合物から容易に分離される。特定の実施態様では、段階(c)中の吸着はpH<pIで実施され、段階(e)中の化合物の脱着はpH>pIで実施される。当業者に公知のように、pIは、化合物の等電点の尺度であり、当該化合物の正味荷電が0であるpHとして定義される。
図2は、市販の Phenyl SepharoseTM Fast Flow マトリクス (Amersham Biosciences AB, Uppsala, Sweden) のリガンド構造を図解する。
図3は、市販の Butyl SepharoseTM Fast Flow マトリクス (Amersham Biosciences AB, Uppsala, Sweden) のリガンド構造を図解する。
図4は、表1に記載の、Phenyl SepharoseTM Fast Flow を充填したカラム(HR5/5カラム)へのBSAの適用を示す(リガンド密度=40μmol/mLゲル)。この図は、移動相のpHをpH7.5に上げることにより、吸着したBSAの脱着を達成できることを示す。BSAのpI値は、5.1である。従って、BSAはpH7.5で負に荷電するので、フェニルリガンドに引きつけられない。
図6は、表1に記載の、SepharoseTM 6 Fast Flow を充填したカラム(HR5/5カラム)へのIgGの適用を示す。IgGは塩基性マトリクスに吸着されないことがわかる。
図7は、表1に記載の、Butyl SepharoseTM Fast Flow を充填したカラム(HR5/5カラム)へのIgGの適用を示す(リガンド密度=50μmol/mLゲル)。この図は、少量のIgGがButyl SepharoseTM Fast Flow に吸着でき、貫流交換容量(breakthrough capacity)が2mg/mLゲルに相応することを示す。しかしながら、ブチルリガンドは四極子モーメントを有さないので、陽イオン−π相互作用はIgGの吸着原因ではあり得ない。
以下、実施例を用いて本発明を例示説明する。提示する実験では、フェニルを代表的な非荷電基として使用するが、四極子または双極子モーメントを有する他のいかなる非荷電基も、本発明に従う分離方法において同様の特性を示すと予想できることを、理解すべきである。従って、実施例は、添付の特許請求の範囲により定義される本願の範囲を限定するものとして解釈されるべきではない。本願で示した全参照文献を、出典明示により本明細書の一部とする。
陽イオン−π相互作用を生体分子の分離に使用できることを証明するために、異なる正荷電タンパク質を、ビーズ状のアガロースマトリクスである SepharoseTM 6 Fast Flow に結合させた非荷電リガンド(フェニル)で構成される分離媒体に吸着させた(図2)。このリガンドは、四極子モーメントを有する。
Qb10%=(TR10%−TRD)xC/Vc
式中、TR10%は、最大吸光度の10%の保持時間(分)、TRDは、システムの空隙容量時間(分)、Cは、BSA濃度(3.2mg/mL)、そしてVcは、カラム容積(mL)である、
に従って算出した。
使用した2つの Phenyl SepharoseTM Fast Flow 媒体は、Amersham Biosciences AB, Uppsala, Sweden から市販されている2つの媒体である。フェニルグリシジルエーテルと SepharoseTM 6 Fast Flow との反応を介して、両媒体を製造する。
タンパク質の安定性に貢献する非共有結合相互作用の中で、水性媒体中に完全に曝されたときに特異的かつ強いものは少ない。しかしながら、水性環境中で特異的かつ強い可能性のある、1つの比較的正当に評価されていない非共有結合力、即ち、陽イオン−π相互作用がある。最近の研究は、陽イオン−π相互作用は水性媒体中でかなり強いだけでなく、タンパク質構造中に共通して見いだされることを示した(Gallivan, J. P. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 96 (1999) 9459-9464)。静電学的観点では、陽イオン−π相互作用において支配的な成分は、芳香環のπ電子雲により創生される四極子へ向かう、正荷電分子の引力である (Minoux, H. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (1999) 10366-10372)。
bカラムにアプライしたタンパク質溶液は、25mM酢酸緩衝液(pH4.0)に溶解した、3.2mg/mLウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)、4.1mg/mLヒト免疫グロブリン、4.9mg/mLリゾチーム、3.1mg/mLリボヌクレアーゼA、1.3mg/mLアルドラーゼ、3.1mg/mLチトクロムCまたは3.8mg/mlラクトフェリンであった。
Claims (16)
- 少なくとも1つの化合物を液体から分離する方法であって、
(a)少なくとも1つの非荷電リガンドを含む分離マトリクスを提供すること;
(b)分離しようとする化合物が正荷電状態で存在する液体を提供すること;
(c)マトリクスへの化合物の吸着が生じるのに十分な期間、該マトリクスを該液体と接触させること;および、
(d)マトリクスから液体を除去すること;
の段階を含み、該非荷電リガンドは、四極子または双極子モーメントを有し、該リガンドへの化合物の吸着は、陽イオン−π相互作用に支配されるものである、方法。 - 化合物がタンパク質またはペプチドである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該タンパク質またはペプチドが1またはそれ以上の塩基性アミノ酸を含むものである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 非荷電リガンドの官能基が、芳香族性基、−C=C二重結合またはC≡N三重結合を含む系である、請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 官能基が、フェニル、または四極子モーメントが本質的に保持されているその官能性誘導体である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- リガンドが、官能基を支持体から遠ざけるスペーサーを介して支持体に結合する、請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 該スペーサーが、分離しようとする化合物と水素結合などにより相互作用する能力を有する1またはそれ以上のさらなる官能性を含み、多様式クロマトグラフィーマトリクスを提供するものである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 段階(c)の吸着が低塩濃度条件下で実施される、請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- (e)少なくとも1つの化合物を分離マトリクスから溶離すること、
の段階も含む、請求項1ないし請求項8のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 溶離が有機溶液の添加により実施される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 段階(b)に従い提供される液体のpHと比較してpHが高められている液体を使用して、段階(e)が実施される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- クロマトグラフィーの方法である、請求項1ないし請求項11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 段階(c)中の吸着がpH<pIで実施され、段階(e)中の脱着がpH>pIで実施される、請求項1ないし請求項12のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 化合物を液体から分離するための、ジビニルベンゼンをベースとするクロマトグラフィーのマトリクスの使用であって、化合物を正荷電状態で液体中に提供し、マトリクス表面上に存在するスチレン基の共役系の近傍にある高電子密度領域への吸着に十分な期間、液体をマトリクスと接触させる、使用。
- 該吸着が低塩濃度条件下で実施される、請求項14に記載の使用。
- 分離しようとする化合物がタンパク質またはペプチドであり、好ましくは1またはそれ以上の塩基性アミノ酸を含むものである、請求項14または請求項15に記載の使用。
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US9169304B2 (en) | 2012-05-01 | 2015-10-27 | Pfenex Inc. | Process for purifying recombinant Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein |
JP7078952B2 (ja) * | 2017-02-08 | 2022-06-01 | 信和化工株式会社 | 液体クロマトグラフィー用分離剤ならびに分離カラム、及びこれらを用いた生体高分子の分離精製方法 |
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- 2002-12-17 US US10/499,883 patent/US8138306B2/en active Active
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US20050043522A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
EP1455920A1 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
ATE411094T1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
CA2467539C (en) | 2010-11-16 |
AU2002359148A1 (en) | 2003-06-30 |
WO2003051484A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
CA2467539A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
US8138306B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 |
SE0104353D0 (sv) | 2001-12-19 |
DE60229432D1 (de) | 2008-11-27 |
JP2005512105A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
EP1455920B1 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
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