JP4046106B2 - Battery pack protection circuit and battery pack - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a protection circuit for a battery pack used in an electronic device and a battery pack including the protection circuit.

  Conventionally, a battery pack used as a power source for a mobile phone or the like has been required to have double protection means against overcurrent, overheating, and the like. As a general method, Patent Document 1 discloses the configuration.

  An example of the battery pack protection circuit of Patent Document 1 is shown in FIG. In FIG. 6, the battery cell 1 is provided with first and second switch elements 4a and 4b in its charge / discharge path, and a protection control circuit 3 for controlling them. Further, a protective element 2 composed of a positive temperature coefficient thermistor is connected in series with the charge / discharge path in the vicinity of the battery cell 1. If the switch elements 4a and 4b are abnormally overheated, resulting in thermal runaway or failure, even if an abnormality is detected by the protection control circuit 3, the switch elements 4a and 4b cannot be shut off, so that the protection function may not work. However, even in such a case, a protective function against overcurrent and overheating of the battery cell can be secured by the action of the protective element 2.

Patent Document 2 discloses that a polymer PTC element is used as a positive temperature coefficient thermistor constituting the protection element 2.
JP 2000-152516 A JP 2002-8608 A

  However, since the polymer PTC element used as the protective element 2 is heavy in weight, large in volume, and lead type, when it is assembled into a battery pack, manual soldering or welding work is required. There was a problem that the manufacturing cost increased. Even if a thermal fuse is used as the protective element 2, as in the case of the polymer PTC element, the overall weight is heavy, the volume is large, and the element is a lead type, so that the manufacturing cost increases. Moreover, there is a problem that it cannot be reused after being disconnected due to abnormal temperature. Further, there is a problem that the overcharging can not protect the abnormal overheating of the switch elements 4a and 4b because the protection function does not work until the battery cell is overheated and the protection element is activated. For this reason, there is a risk of deformation or melting of the outer resin case of the battery pack due to abnormal overheating.

  In order to solve this problem in Patent Document 1, a third switching element using an FET is provided instead of the protection element 2, and a change in resistance value with respect to the temperature of the negative characteristic thermistor or the positive characteristic thermistor provided in the battery pack is used. Thus, a device for controlling the third switch element has been proposed. Thereby, even when the protection control circuit 3 stops functioning, the battery pack can be protected from overcurrent during charging and discharging.

  However, since the third switch element is inserted in series with respect to the charge / discharge current path of the battery cell, that is, an expensive power FET is required, there is a problem that the cost increases. In addition, there is a problem that the provision of the third switch element increases the factors of thermal runaway and failure due to abnormal overheating.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a protective element such as a polymer PTC element in series with the charging / discharging path of the battery cell, and without providing a third switching element controlled by a thermistor having a positive characteristic or a negative characteristic. An object of the present invention is to provide a protection circuit for a battery pack in which protection means against overcurrent and overheat is duplicated, and a battery pack including the protection circuit.

  In order to solve the above problems, a battery pack protection circuit and a battery pack according to the present invention are configured as follows.

(1) A battery pack protection circuit according to the present invention includes a first switch element that cuts off a discharge current flowing from a battery cell, a second switch element that cuts off a charge current flowing through the battery cell, a voltage of the battery cell, A protection circuit for a battery pack, comprising: a protection control circuit that detects an abnormal state of current or ambient temperature and controls the first and second switch elements to protect the battery cell from the abnormal state. One or more positive temperature coefficient thermistors thermally coupled to at least one of the switch element, the second switch element, and the battery cell, and inserted into a control signal path of at least one of the first and second switch elements; A switching element control circuit including a control signal by increasing a resistance value of the first characteristic switching element, the second switching element, or the positive temperature coefficient thermistor when the battery cell is overheated. Switching element control circuit is configured to block the first or second switching element inserted road.

(2) The switch element control circuit is provided with a plurality of positive characteristic thermistors connected in series, and the plurality of positive characteristic thermistors are connected to at least two of the first switch element, the second switch element, and the battery cell, respectively. Combine thermally.

(3) The switch element control circuit is inserted only in the control signal path of the second switch element.

(4) The first switch element and the second switch element are FETs, and the protection control circuit is an integrated circuit having a gate control terminal for controlling the gate of the FET.

(5) The switch element control circuit includes a resistor connected between the gate and source of the FET, and one or more positive temperature coefficient thermistors inserted between the gate control terminal of the protection circuit and the gate of the FET. Constitute.

(6) The switch element control circuit includes a control FET in which a drain and a source are connected between the gate and source of the FET, and the one or more positive temperature coefficient thermistors in which the gate and the source of the control FET are connected. And consists of

(7) The battery pack according to the present invention includes a battery pack protection circuit having any one of the above-described configurations and battery cells protected thereby.

(1) Since the switch element control circuit is inserted into the control signal path of at least one of the first and second switch elements and includes a positive temperature coefficient thermistor, that is, not provided in the charge / discharge path of the battery cell. In addition, an extremely small chip element in which a weak current flows can be used, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Further, since the third switch element inserted into the charge / discharge current path of the battery cell is not required, the size and cost can be reduced.

  In addition, since the first switch element, the second switch element, or the resistance value of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor when the battery cell is overheated, the first or second switch element is cut off, so that the protection control circuit functions. Even if it does not happen, the switching element control circuit, the first or second switching element, and the positive temperature coefficient thermistor can fulfill the protection function, and the protection means can be doubled.

(2) The switch element control circuit is provided with a plurality of positive-characteristics thermistors connected in series, and the plurality of positive-characteristics thermistors are respectively heated with at least two of the first switch element, the second switch element, and the battery cell. Thus, the positive temperature coefficient thermistor can be thermally and strongly coupled to the switch element or the battery cell, respectively, and the responsiveness of overheat protection can be improved. In addition, since only a plurality of positive temperature coefficient thermistors are connected in series, the circuit scale is hardly increased.

(3) By providing the positive temperature coefficient thermistor only in the control signal path of the first switch element, it is possible to protect at the time of charging, in which an overcurrent tends to flow particularly during an abnormality. That is, the reliability can be largely secured with a small number of parts.

(4) Since the first switch element and the second switch element are FETs, and the protection control circuit is an integrated circuit having a gate control terminal for controlling the gate of the FET, the first and second switch elements Voltage drop can be suppressed, and the overall size and weight can be reduced.

(5) The switch element control circuit includes a resistor connected between the gate and source of the FET, and one or more positive temperature coefficient thermistors inserted between the gate control terminal of the protection circuit and the gate of the FET. As a result, the switch element control circuit can be configured by adding only the positive temperature coefficient thermistor and the resistor, and the protective means can be doubled while reducing the overall size, weight and cost.

(6) The switch element control circuit includes a control FET in which a drain and a source are connected between the gate and source of the FET, and the one or more positive temperature coefficient thermistors in which the gate and the source of the control FET are connected. In the case of abnormality, the gate-source voltage of the control FET can be further lowered, and the control FET can be more reliably shut off.

(7) Since the battery pack protection circuit and the battery cell having such a function are provided, the battery pack can be used as a small, lightweight, low-cost and highly reliable battery pack.

The battery pack protection circuit and the configuration of the battery pack according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a battery pack provided with a battery pack protection circuit. A first switch element 4 a and a second switch element 4 b are provided in series with respect to the charge / discharge path of the battery cell 1. The protection control circuit 3 has its ground terminal Vss connected to the negative electrode of the battery cell 1 and Vdd connected to the positive electrode of the battery cell 1 via the resistor R2. A noise signal removing capacitor C1 is connected between Vdd and Vss. A resistor R3 is connected between the V− terminal of the protection control circuit 3 and the minus (−) terminal of the battery pack 10.

  The first and second switch elements 4a and 4b are each composed of an FET. The protection control circuit 3 is formed of a semiconductor integrated circuit, and includes gate control terminals Dout and Cout for the first and second switch elements 4a and 4b. Dout is connected to the gate of the first switch element 4a. A ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcp is connected in series between the other gate control terminal Cout and the gate of the second switch element 4b. A resistor R1b is connected between the gate and source of the second switch element 4b. The resistor R1b and the ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcpb constitute a switch element control circuit 5b.

  The protection control circuit 3 operates using a voltage between Vdd and Vss as a power source, detects a charging current and a discharging current based on a potential difference between the Vss and the V− terminal, and detects an overcurrent during charging. The terminal is set to the low level to shut off the second switch element 4b. When an overcurrent at the time of discharging is detected, the Dout terminal is set to a low level to shut off the first switch element 4a.

The operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 1 is as follows.
During normal operation, both the gate control terminals Cout and Dout of the protection control circuit 3 are set to the high level to turn on both the first and second switch elements 4a and 4b. Thereby, normal charging / discharging becomes possible.

  If the charging current increases and the potential difference between the Vss and V− terminals of the protection control circuit 3 exceeds a predetermined threshold, the protection control circuit 3 sets the Cout terminal to a low level. As a result, the switch element 4b is cut off and its overcurrent is prevented. If the discharge current increases and the potential difference between the Vss and V− terminals of the protection control circuit 3 exceeds a predetermined threshold, the protection control circuit 3 sets the Dout terminal to a low level. As a result, the switch element 4a is cut off and its overcurrent is prevented.

  On the other hand, independent of the operation of the protection control circuit 3, some abnormality occurs, the charging current becomes an overcurrent state, the first switch element 4a or the second switch element 4b becomes overheated, and the thermal When the ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcpb bonded to the temperature rises to a temperature exceeding its Curie point, its resistance value increases rapidly. As a result, the gate-source voltage of the second switch element 4b is lowered, and 4b is cut off. As a result, the current flowing through the battery cell 1 is interrupted and the abnormal state is avoided.

  In FIG. 1, the resistance R1b is 500 kΩ, and the ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcpb is a surface mount type R25 (resistance value at 25 ° C.) = 47 kΩ, Curie temperature 100 ° C., 1.0 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm size. . And it arrange | positions on a board | substrate so that it may couple | bond with both 1st and 2nd switch element 4a, 4b thermally.

  Since the first and second switch elements 4a and 4b can be cut off before the temperature of the first and second switch elements 4a and 4b reaches a temperature causing thermal runaway or failure, the battery cell 1 and the first and second switch elements 4a and 4b can be cut off. Can be protected from permanent destruction.

  In the example shown in FIG. 1, the ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcpb is thermally coupled to both the first and second switch elements 4a and 4b. However, this is only thermally coupled to one switch element. May be. Even in this case, the first and second switch elements 4a and 4b generate heat due to overcurrent at the time of charging or discharging, so that the same effects as those described above can be obtained.

  The ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcpb may be thermally coupled to the battery cell 1 together with the first and second switch elements 4a and 4b. Thereby, the heat_generation | fever of the battery cell 1 by the overcurrent at the time of charge or discharge can be detected and protected.

Next, the configuration of the battery pack protection circuit and the battery pack according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
In the example shown in FIG. 1, a single ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor is used, but in the second embodiment, a plurality of ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistors that are thermally coupled to different parts are used. That is, a series circuit of a battery cell positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcp1 and a switch element ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcp2 is inserted between the gate control terminal Cout of the protection control circuit 3 and the gate of the second switch element 4b. A resistor R1b is connected between the gate and source of the second switch element 4b. The resistor R1b and the two ceramic positive characteristic thermistors Rcp1 and Rcp2 constitute a switch element control circuit 5b. Other configurations are the same as those shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 2, the battery cell ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcp <b> 1 is thermally coupled to the battery cell 1. The ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcp2 for switch elements is thermally coupled to the first and second switch elements 4a and 4b, respectively. By using a plurality of ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistors as described above, the heat generating portion of the battery cell 1 and the first and second switch elements 4a and 4b can be disposed at positions that are separated from each other. The degree of freedom increases. Also, even if one of the first and second switch elements exceeds the Curie point, the protection operation is performed. Therefore, the protection operation temperature is different from each other, and the protection operation according to the target of the overheated portion and the temperature is optimal. It can also be converted.

  It should be noted here that each of the two thermistors that are individually thermally coupled is a ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor. Since the ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor has a very large resistance value increase ratio with respect to the temperature increase, a circuit can be configured by simply connecting in series. That is, it is possible to satisfy an OR (logical sum) condition that any one of the ceramic positive characteristic thermistors connected in series performs a protective operation when the Curie point is exceeded. It is impossible to construct a circuit that performs such a protection operation using a negative characteristic thermistor. In the negative characteristic thermistor, the resistance value change rate with respect to the temperature change is very small compared to the ceramic positive characteristic thermistor. Therefore, even if two negative characteristic thermistors are connected in series, the temperature change of the two negative thermistors is 2 It only appears as a change in the combined resistance value of two negative characteristic thermistors, and from this change in the combined resistance value, two points of heat detection are performed simultaneously, and a protective operation is performed when one temperature exceeds a predetermined upper limit. It ’s impossible to do that.

Next, the configuration of the battery pack protection circuit and the battery pack according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
In the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the switch element control circuit 5b is provided in the control signal path of the second switch element 4b. In the third embodiment, the control signal path of the first switch element 4a is provided in the control signal path. The switch element control circuit 5a is also provided. That is, a ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcpa that is thermally coupled to the first switch element 4a is inserted between the gate of the first switch element 4a and the gate control terminal Dout of the protection control circuit 3, and the switch element 4a A resistor R1a is connected between the gate and the source. The resistor R1a and the ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcpa constitute a switch element control circuit 5a. Other configurations are the same as those shown in FIG.

  According to this configuration, the resistance value of the ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcpa increases due to overheating of the first switch element 4a due to overcurrent during discharge. As a result, the first switch element 4a can be cut off and protected from the overcurrent. The protection operation during charging is the same as that in the second embodiment.

Next, the configuration of the battery pack protection circuit and the battery pack according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
In the first to third embodiments, the switch element control circuit is configured by the ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor and the resistor. However, in the fourth embodiment, both the first and second switch elements 4a and 4b are controlled. Switch element control circuits 5a and 5b are provided in the signal path. Further switch elements 6a and 6b are provided in the switch element control circuit. The switch elements 6a and 6b are control FETs for controlling the switch elements 4a and 4b, respectively.

  The switch element control circuit 5b connects the drain and source of the switch element 6b between the gate and source of the switch element 4b, and connects a resistor R5b between the gate of the switch element 4b and the gate control terminal Cout of the protection control circuit 3. A resistor R4b is connected between the gate control terminal Cout and the gate of the switch element 6b, and a ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcpb is connected between the gate and source of the switch element 6b.

  Similarly, the switch element control circuit 5 a connects the drain and source of the switch element 6 a between the gate and source of the switch element 4 a, and a resistance is provided between the gate of the switch element 4 a and the gate control terminal Dout of the protection control circuit 3. R5a is connected, a resistor R4a is connected between the gate control terminal Dout and the gate of the switch element 6a, and a ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcpa is connected between the gate and source of the switch element 6a.

  The ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcpa is thermally coupled to the switch element 4a. The ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcpb is thermally coupled to the switch element 4b.

The operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 4 is as follows.
During normal operation, both the gate control terminals Cout and Dout of the protection control circuit 3 are set to the high level to turn on both the first and second switch elements 4a and 4b. Thereby, normal charging / discharging becomes possible.

  If the charging current increases and the potential difference between the Vss and V− terminals of the protection control circuit 3 exceeds a predetermined threshold, the protection control circuit 3 sets the Cout terminal to a low level. As a result, the switch element 4b is cut off and its overcurrent is prevented. If the discharge current increases and the potential difference between the Vss and V− terminals of the protection control circuit 3 exceeds a predetermined threshold, the protection control circuit 3 sets the Dout terminal to a low level. As a result, the switch element 4a is cut off and its overcurrent is prevented.

  On the other hand, independently of the operation of the protection control circuit 3, some abnormality occurs, the charging current becomes an overcurrent state, the second switch element 4b becomes overheated, and the ceramic positive electrode that is thermally coupled thereto. When characteristic thermistor Rcpb rises to a temperature exceeding its Curie point, its resistance value increases rapidly. As a result, the gate-source voltage of the switch element 6b rises and turns on. As a result, the gate-source voltage of the switch element 4b is lowered, and the switch element 4b is cut off. As a result, the current flowing through the battery cell 1 is interrupted and the abnormal state is avoided.

  Similarly, when the discharge current becomes an overcurrent state, the first switch element 4a becomes overheated, and the ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcpa thermally coupled thereto rises to a temperature exceeding its Curie point, its resistance The value increases rapidly. As a result, the gate-source voltage of the switch element 6a rises and turns on. As a result, the gate-source voltage of the switch element 4a is lowered, and the switch element 4a is cut off. As a result, the current flowing from the battery cell 1 is cut off, and the abnormal state is avoided.

  In this way, by providing the switch elements 6a and 6b, which are control FETs, in the switch element control circuit, the voltage between the gate and the source of 4a and 4b can be lowered at the time of abnormality, and the blocking of 4a and 4b can be further reduced. It can be done reliably.

Next, the configuration of the battery pack protection circuit and the battery pack according to the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
The difference from the example shown in FIG. 4 is that the ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor portion is composed of a series circuit of two ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistors, and one of them is thermally coupled to the first and second switch elements 4a and 4b. The other is thermally coupled to the battery cell 1.

  With such a configuration, when the battery cell 1 is overheated and the ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcp1a reaches a temperature exceeding the Curie point, the switch element 6a is turned on, and the switch element 4a is turned off and the battery Cell 1 is protected from overheating. Similarly, when the ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Rcp1b reaches a temperature exceeding the Curie point, the switch element 6b is turned on, the switch element 4b is cut off, and the battery cell 1 is protected from overheating. Accordingly, the protection operation functions regardless of which of the switch elements 4a and 4b and the battery cell 1 is overheated first. Other operations are the same as those in the fourth embodiment.

  In this way, the ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistors Rcp2a and Rcp2b for thermally coupling the ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor to at least one of the first and second switch elements 4a and 4b and the battery cell 1 are thermally coupled. The ceramic positive characteristic thermistors Rcp1a and Rcp1b for battery cells are divided into two ceramic positive characteristic thermistors Rcp1a and Rcp1b, and the ceramic positive characteristic thermistors Rcp2a and Rcp2b for switch elements are connected to the switch elements 4a and 4b by electrically connecting them in series. The battery positive ceramic thermistors Rcp1a and Rcp1b for the battery cells can be thermally and strongly coupled to the battery cell 1 to enhance the overheat protection response. Moreover, in terms of the circuit, since the two ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistors are simply connected in series, the circuit scale is hardly increased.

The circuit diagram which shows the protection circuit of the battery pack which concerns on 1st Embodiment, and the structure of a battery pack The circuit diagram which shows the protection circuit of the battery pack which concerns on 2nd Embodiment, and the structure of a battery pack The circuit diagram which shows the protection circuit of the battery pack which concerns on 3rd Embodiment, and the structure of a battery pack The circuit diagram which shows the protection circuit of the battery pack which concerns on 4th Embodiment, and the structure of a battery pack The circuit diagram which shows the protection circuit of the battery pack which concerns on 5th Embodiment, and the structure of a battery pack Circuit diagram showing configuration of protection circuit of conventional battery pack

Explanation of symbols

1-battery cell 3-protection control circuit 4a-first switch element 4b-second switch element 5-switch element control circuit 6-switch element 10-battery pack Rcp-ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor Cout, Dout-gate control terminal

Claims (6)

A first switch element that cuts off a discharge current flowing from the battery cell, a second switch element that cuts off a charging current flowing through the battery cell, and an abnormal state of the voltage, current, or ambient temperature of the battery cell are detected. And a protection control circuit for protecting the battery cell from the abnormal state by controlling the first and second switch elements, and a protection circuit for a battery pack,
Said first switching element, second switching element, and said at least one thermally coupled to the battery cell is inserted into at least one control signal path of the first and second switching element, the first A switch element control circuit including a plurality of positive temperature coefficient thermistors that are thermally coupled to at least two of the switch elements, the second switch elements, and the battery cells, and the first switch elements and the second switches A battery pack configured to shut off the first or second switch element in which the switch element control circuit is inserted in the control signal path due to an increase in the resistance value of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor when the element or the battery cell is overheated Protection circuit. The battery pack protection circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the switch element control circuit is inserted only in a control signal path of the second switch element. 3. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the first switch element and the second switch element are FETs, and the protection control circuit is an integrated circuit including a gate control terminal that controls a gate of the FET. Protection circuit. The switch element control circuit comprises a resistor connected between the gate and source of the FET, and the one or more positive temperature coefficient thermistors inserted between the gate control terminal of the protection circuit and the gate of the FET. The battery pack protection circuit according to claim 3 . The switch element control circuit includes a control FET in which a drain and a source are connected between the gate and source of the FET, and the one or more positive temperature coefficient thermistors in which the gate and the source of the control FET are connected. The battery pack protection circuit according to claim 3 . The battery pack provided with the protection circuit of the battery pack in any one of Claims 1-5 , and the said battery cell.

Images