JP4034005B2 - Measuring device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a measuring apparatus applied to various three-dimensional measurements such as geodetic, topographic measurement, steep cliff measurement, or construction surveying.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a conventional measuring device of this type, for example, there is a total station that has both a distance measuring function and an angle measuring function, and can simultaneously measure oblique distance, horizontal angle and vertical angle, and automatically record measurement data in an electronic field book. A device composed of a target installed at a measurement point for distance measurement is known.
[0003]
According to this type of measuring device, it is possible to instantaneously obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring point where the target is installed, and to perform quantity management using a computer by using the measurement data recorded in the electronic field book In addition, errors and mistakes that are likely to occur when manually recording are reduced, and the reliability of measurement results can be improved.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, with this type of measuring device, when performing topographic measurements on dangerous cliffs or wide-area land preparation work, it is necessary to carry out the measurement work while carrying the reflecting prism. In such measurement work, manpower, cost and time are required. In addition, there is a problem that it is difficult to perform measurement with manned because there is a danger to human life in the measurement work in a place where there is a possibility of collapse of the natural ground.
[0005]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a measuring apparatus that can avoid troublesome work such as carrying a reflecting prism in topographic measurement work for dangerous cliffs and wide area land preparation work, and can ensure safety and speediness. There is.
[0006]
In order to solve the above-described object, a surveying instrument according to the present invention includes a non-prism type total station installed facing a measurement target, and an operation unit that performs operations other than setting the collimation direction by operating the total station. Turning means for turning each part of the total station, which supports the horizontal axis around the vertical axis, and turning a part where the collimation axis is supported around the horizontal axis, and the collimation axis An image photographing unit that is provided integrally with the supported portion and whose optical axis is set parallel to the collimation axis at a constant interval, and an image photographed by the image photographing unit in real time at the place where the operation is performed Based on the coordinate data of the image display means to be displayed and the position where the measurement is specified using the input means on the image, the point on the measurement object corresponding to the position is collimated Said rotary means is controlled to a quasi-direction setting means viewed for a set collimation direction of the total station, a position corresponding to a point on the measurement object, wherein the total station is collimated, vision displayed on the image Quasi-position display means .
[0007]
That is, the present invention includes a total station installed facing the measurement target, remote control means, turning means, image photographing means, image display means, collimation position display means, and collimation direction setting means, As a result, technical means to set the collimation direction of the total station on the image can be realized, and troublesome work such as carrying a reflecting prism can be avoided in topographic measurement work for dangerous cliffs and wide area land preparation work. It is possible to provide a measuring device that can ensure safety and speed.
[0008]
In such technical means, the optical axis direction of the image photographing means is displayed at the center of the image displayed by the image display means, that is, on the measurement object that is currently collimated by the total station. A point is also displayed at the approximate center of the image. However, since the optical axis of the image capturing means is set parallel to the collimation axis at a fixed interval, a deviation occurs between the point on the measurement target collimated by the total station and the center of the image. This deviation varies depending on the distance to the measurement target.
[0009]
Therefore, from the viewpoint of accurately grasping such a deviation and contributing to smooth measurement, a collimation position that displays on the image a position corresponding to a point on the measurement target collimated by the total station. It is preferable to provide a display means.
[0010]
On the other hand, the total station is a non-prism type that does not require a special sheet or prism for reflecting laser light, and has both a distance measuring function and an angle measuring function, and is capable of simultaneous oblique distance, horizontal angle, and vertical angle. If measurement and automatic recording of measurement data to an electronic field book, memory card, etc. are possible, mechanical structure such as whether it is a transit or theodolite, such as whether it uses electromagnetic waves or light waves, etc. No matter what.
[0011]
However, from the viewpoint of avoiding the trouble of bringing the electronic field book or the like from the location where the total station is installed every time measurement is completed, it is preferable to include data transmission means for transmitting measurement data.
[0012]
The operation of the total station in the present invention is automatically performed in a digital form in addition to mechanical operations performed on the total station for distance measurement and angle measurement (including horizontal angle and vertical angle). Includes everything from transmission of measurement data. Moreover, it does not ask | require whether it is remote control. However, the operation means in the present invention performs operations other than the setting of the collimation direction among the operations of the total station.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention (FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the measuring device, FIG. 1B is a perspective view of a total station, and FIG. 1C) FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control system in the measurement apparatus.
[0014]
In the present embodiment, the measuring device is configured as follows for the purpose of obtaining an early and timely soil volume change rate, which is important information that contributes to smooth and rapid construction in cutting and banking work. .
[0015]
That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the measuring device is a total station 1, a remote operation means 2 as an operation means, a turning means 3 built in the total station 1, a CCD camera 4 as an image photographing means, and an image display means. The computer screen 5, collimation position display means 6, collimation direction setting means 7, and data transmission means 8 are configured.
[0016]
In this measuring apparatus, the total station 1 is a non-prism type as shown in FIG. 1A, and has both a distance measuring function and an angle measuring function, and can simultaneously measure an oblique distance, a horizontal angle, and a vertical angle. It faces the site of cutting and embankment work that is the object of measurement in this embodiment, specifically, it is installed in the middle of a steep slope S where the entire site can be seen. Yes.
[0017]
Here, the total station 1 is fixed to a steel support leg 12 fixed to a reinforced concrete frame 11 constructed in the middle of a steep slope S in a cliff where there is a high possibility of collapsing. Securement is possible. The upper part of the reinforced concrete mount 11 is protected by a hood member 13 and a roof member 14 except for the front direction to be further measured. The total station 1 can be installed on a tripod generally used via a leveling plate.
[0018]
Further, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), the remote operation means 2 performs other than the collimation direction setting by remote operation of the total station 1, and functions as a remote operation panel as an input means for the computer 22. Keyboard 21, a computer 22, and data transmission means 8 (see FIG. 1A) that transmits an output signal from the computer 22 to the total station 1.
[0019]
In FIG. 1C, an operation signal performed on the keyboard 21 is input to the computer 22 via the input interface 31. The computer 22 includes a central processing unit (hereinafter referred to as “CPU”) 41, a random access memory (hereinafter referred to as “RAM”) 42, and a read-only memory (hereinafter referred to as “ROM”) 43. A program (not shown) for controlling remote operations such as distance measurement and angle measurement of the total station 1 is stored, and the CPU 41 executes the program based on a given operation signal via the input interface 31; Via the output interface 32, remote operations such as distance measurement and angle measurement of the total station 1 are controlled.
[0020]
Further, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), the turning means 3 is a part of the total station 1 that turns the part 51 on which the horizontal axis is supported around the vertical axis and supports the collimation axis. In addition to a turning drive motor (not shown) that uses an ultrasonic wave as a turning mechanism and a drive motor, the operation signal from the computer 22 is used to drive the turning using the ultrasonic wave. Data transmission means 8 (see FIG. 1 (a)) for transmission to the motor is included. In addition, the turning drive motor using the ultrasonic waves has a feature that it is small and light, can obtain a large rotational torque, and can be easily controlled minutely.
[0021]
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the CCD camera 4 is provided integrally with a portion 52 on which the collimation axis is supported, and the optical axis 4a is set parallel to the collimation axis 52a at a constant interval. An image is supplied to the computer screen 5 in real time. As will be described later, a display mark at a position where the total station 1 is currently collimated is displayed on the image obtained by the CCD camera 4.
[0022]
Further, as shown in FIG. 1A, the computer screen 5 displays an image photographed by the CCD camera 4 in real time at a place where remote operation is performed. As a result, the machine operator O can remotely control the total station 1 while looking at the computer screen 5, and sets the measurement range and the collimation direction of the total station 1 on the computer screen 5. It becomes possible.
[0023]
Further, the collimation position display means 6 displays on the image of the computer screen 5 a display mark at a position corresponding to the point on the measurement target that the total station 1 is currently collimating, as shown in FIG. The total station 1 that functions as input means for the computer 22, the computer 22, and the computer screen 5 that functions as output means from the computer 22 are configured.
[0024]
In FIG. 1C, the measurement (ranging) data of the total station 1 is input to the computer 22 via the input interface 31. The ROM 43 stores a program (not shown) for controlling the movement of the display mark at the collimation position displayed on the image. The CPU 41 receives the distance measurement data provided via the input interface 31. And the movement of the display mark at the collimation position displayed on the image is controlled via the output interface 32.
[0025]
This program converts the amount of deviation between the optical axis 4a corresponding to the distance measurement data obtained by the measurement and the collimation axis 52a into the number of pixels each time measurement is performed by the total station 1 at an appropriate timing. The display mark is displayed at a position moved downward from the image center point in the optical axis direction of the CCD camera 4 by the number of pixels.
[0026]
Furthermore, the collimation direction setting means 7 controls the turning operation of the turning means 3 so as to collimate the point on the measurement object corresponding to the position specified on the image, as shown in FIG. The collimation direction of the total station 1 is set, and is composed of a computer screen 5 that functions as input means for the computer 22, a computer 22, and turning means 3 that functions as output means from the computer 22. Yes.
[0027]
In FIG. 1C, coordinate data at a position specified on the computer screen 5 is input to the computer 22 via the input interface 31. The ROM 43 stores a program (not shown) for controlling the turning operation of the turning means 3 so that the point on the measurement object corresponding to the position is collimated from the coordinate data of the position specified on the screen. The CPU 41 executes the program based on the given coordinate data via the input interface 31 and controls the turning operation of the turning means 3 via the output interface 32.
[0028]
That is, in the present embodiment, the computer 22 serves as a control system for controlling remote operations such as distance measurement and angle measurement of the total station 1 and also controls the movement of the display mark at the collimation position displayed on the image. The control system is further used as a control system for controlling the turning operation of the turning means so as to collimate the point on the measurement object corresponding to the position from the coordinate data of the position specified on the screen.
[0029]
Furthermore, the data transmission means 8 in the present embodiment transmits the measurement data of the total station 1 from the place where the total station 1 is installed to the place where the remote operation is performed, and the remote operation means 2 outputs an output signal from the computer 22. Is transmitted to the total station 1, and the operation signal from the computer 22 is transmitted to the ultrasonic motor in the turning means 3, and a plurality of signal cables are bundled. By the function of the data transmission means 8 for transmitting the measurement data of the total station 1 to the place where the remote operation is performed, the trouble of bringing back the electronic field book every time measurement is completed from the place where the total station 1 is installed is avoided.
[0030]
Next, the operation of the measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Hereinafter, the operation in the installation of the total station 1 and the operation in the measurement performed using the total station 1 will be described separately.
[0031]
(1) Operation in Installation of Total Station 1 First, prior to installation of the total station 1, a reinforced concrete mount 11 (including steel support legs 12) is constructed at a location in the middle of the steep slope S. That is, the respective work steps such as excavation, foundation crushed stone, leveling concrete, installation of the steel support legs 12, assembly of reinforcing bars and formwork, placement of concrete, and backfilling are sequentially performed.
[0032]
Next, the total station 1 is installed on the steel support legs 12. That is, the operator (whether or not it is a machine operator O) places the total station 1 on a mounting plate provided on the top of the steel support leg 12, and also performs a normal transit or the like. It is fixed to the mounting plate by a method similar to that of a surveying machine.
[0033]
(2) Operation in measurement performed using the total station 1 In the present embodiment, the measurement performed using the total station 1 is performed for the purpose of obtaining the shape and shape change rate of cut and embankment and the amount of soil early and timely. It is done as follows.
[0034]
First, when the machine operator O specifies the position where the next measurement should be performed on the image using the keyboard 21, the computer screen 5 recognizes the specified position as coordinate data, and the coordinate data is input via the input interface 31. Entered.
[0035]
Then, the CPU 41 executes the program based on the given coordinate data, and turns the turning means 3 so as to collimate the point on the measurement target corresponding to the position to be measured next specified on the image. Control the behavior.
[0036]
As a result, the collimation direction of the total station 1 can be set by the machine operator O facing the computer screen 5 even if the machine operator O is not at the installation location of the total station 1.
[0037]
That is, the setting of the collimation direction performed by the machine operator O looking directly into the telescope can be avoided, so that the machine operation at the dangerous place can be safely performed from a remote place, and the risk of collapse of the cliff You can escape from sex.
[0038]
When the collimation direction of the total station 1 is set and the machine operator O operates the keyboard 21, the operation signal is input via the input interface 31.
[0039]
Then, the CPU 41 executes a program based on the given operation signal and controls measurement operations such as distance measurement and angle measurement of the total station 1.
[0040]
Then, each measurement data such as distance measurement and angle measurement obtained by the measurement operation is transmitted from the place where the total station 1 is installed by the data transmission means 8 to the place where the remote operation is performed, and further transmitted measurement data. Is input via the input interface 31.
[0041]
Then, the CPU 41 executes a program based on the given distance measurement data, and controls the movement of the display mark at the collimation position displayed on the image on the computer screen 5.
[0042]
The measurement data accumulated by repeating the measurement performed using the total station 1 as described above is easy and timely without having to take the electronic field book etc. back from the place where the total station 1 is installed every time measurement work is completed. Therefore, it is converted into soil volume change rate data, and this embodiment contributes to smooth and quick construction of cut and fill works.
[0043]
Therefore, according to the measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment, the collimation direction of the total station 1 can be set on the image, so that the safety of the machine operator O from a steep cliff or a slope where there is a risk of collapse. In addition, since the measurement by the total station 1 can be automatically performed, it is freed from the troublesome work of carrying the reflecting prism during the conventional measurement.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
According to the measuring device according to the present invention, because it is configured as described above, in the measurement work for dangerous cliffs and wide-area land preparation work, it is safe and quick without carrying a difficult work such as carrying a reflecting prism. Securement becomes possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention (FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the measuring device, FIG. 1B is a perspective view of a total station, and FIG. 1C) FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control system in the measurement apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a side view mainly showing a CCD camera among the components of the measuring apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Total station 2 ... Remote operation means (operation means)
3 ... turning means 4 ... CCD camera (image photographing means)
5. Computer screen (image display means)
6 ... collimation position display means 7 ... collimation direction setting means 8 ... data transmission means 11 ... reinforced concrete mount 12 ... steel support leg 13 ... hood member 14 ... roof member 21 ... keyboard 22 ... computer 31 ... input interface 32 ... output Interface 41 ... CPU (Central Processing Unit)
42 ... RAM (Random Access Memory)
43 ... ROM (Read Only Memory)
51: Part where horizontal axis is supported 52 ... Part where collimation axis is supported S: Steep slope O ... Machine operator

Claims (2)

A non-prism type total station installed facing the measurement object,
Operation means for performing operations other than the setting of the collimation direction in the operation of the total station;
Each part of the total station, a turning means for turning the part where the horizontal axis is supported around the vertical axis, and turning the part where the collimation axis is supported around the horizontal axis;
An image photographing means provided integrally with a portion where the collimation axis is supported, and an optical axis is set parallel to the collimation axis at a constant interval;
Image display means for displaying an image photographed by the image photographing means in real time at a place where the operation is performed;
Based on the coordinate data of the position to be measured specified on the image using the input means, the turning means is controlled so as to collimate the point on the measurement object corresponding to the position, and the total station Collimation direction setting means for setting a collimation direction ;
Collimation position display means for displaying on the image a position corresponding to a point on the measurement target that the total station collimates;
A measuring device comprising: The measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the total station includes data transmission means for transmitting measurement data.

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