JP4422927B2 - Survey method in civil engineering work - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a surveying method that is particularly suitable for surveying and the like for finished shape management at a site of civil engineering work.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the light wave range finder currently used (in this specification, simply referred to as a range finder), the light beam irradiated toward the measurement point is reflected by a reflection mirror provided at the measurement point, and this reflection is performed. There are a prism type that performs various measurements with light, and a non-prism type that measures light by directly applying a light beam to a measurement point without using a reflection mirror and detecting reflected light from that point. The former also has an automatic tracking rangefinder that automatically tracks the mirror according to the movement of the mirror. Once the mirror is collimated, no distancefinder operator is required, and the measured point side If there is one operator at a time, so-called one-man surveying is possible. In the latter case, the distance measuring operator collimates the point to be measured, and the operator on the side of the measured point is not required, and one-man measurement is possible with only the distance measuring operator. .
[0003]
However, the finished form management at the site of civil engineering works is a so-called tensioning work that installs a mark with a plate or the like at a position where it can be easily seen by an operator of the heavy machine according to a regular survey result. This is done by repeating the procedure of performing machining operations. For this reason, the exact processing accuracy is not known until the next survey, and it takes a considerable amount of time for the tightening work, and the work is interrupted during that time, which hinders efficient progress of the work. is there. In addition, it is necessary to keep a surveying engineer at all times. In addition, because the construction site is bad and there are many dangerous places, the mirror operator cannot enter, and in the case of the mirror type, surveying is difficult. May be.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
This invention pays attention to this point, and makes it possible to carry out a one-man survey and eliminate the need for a tightening work.For example, an operator of a heavy machine can carry out a civil engineering work while carrying out a survey alone. It was made.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, in the invention of this application , at least an automatic tracking type distance measuring device, a remote control means for instructing the distance measuring device to track, a projector that outputs a light beam, and a movable type Using a computer, the position and orientation of the range finder are determined by placing the range finder at a fixed point with a known 3D position and collimating a reference point with a known 3D position. Then, the operator operates the projector, applies the light beam to the reference point, moves to the measurement point, and automatically tracks this to the rangefinder, and obtains the measurement point obtained by performing a predetermined measurement. This data is transferred from the distance measuring instrument to the mobile computer and processed, thereby calculating the three-dimensional position of the point to be measured in association with the reference point. Thus, after the installation of more rangefinder in this process can be carried out one-man surveying single operator operates the light beam. In general, visible light or laser light is used as the light beam.
[0007]
It is desirable to use an automatic tracking rangefinder that automatically returns to a state in which a predetermined fixed point is collimated when the light beam to be tracked is lost. As a result, the surveying can be resumed even when the tracking of the light beam ends unsuccessfully.
[0010]
Using the calculation result of the three-dimensional position according to the above, for example, a deviation from the design position of the measurement point input in advance to the mobile computer can be obtained, and this deviation can be displayed on the display. This display can be simply indicated by numerical data. For example, if the display is made with a design cross-sectional view and a mark indicating the position of the measured point, the magnitude of the deviation is visually confirmed. This makes it easier to understand the current topography. If this display is mounted on a heavy machine at a civil engineering work site, an operator of the heavy machine can perform an accurate machining operation while checking a deviation from the design position.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 shows a basic configuration of a system for carrying out the first invention. In the figure, 1 is a non-prism range finder provided with a projector 2 that outputs visible light, for example, 2a is a light beam output from the projector 2, 3 is a remote controller, 4 is a mobile computer, As the distance measuring instrument 1, one having higher detection sensitivity of reflected light than that of the mirror type is used. The light projector 2 is attached to the distance measuring instrument 1 so that the light projecting axis is parallel to the distance measuring axis. Note that the light projecting axis and the distance measuring axis are several centimeters apart from each other in structure, but if this difference becomes a problem, a correction operation may be performed according to the distance to the point to be measured.
[0012]
As the mobile computer 4, various small computers (hereinafter simply referred to as “computers”) that are suitable for carrying and moving and are generally referred to as mobile computers are used. The remote controller 3 can also serve as the computer 4. Reference numeral 5 denotes a civil engineering heavy machine such as a power shovel or a bulldozer, and 5a denotes a driver's cab. The computer 4 is arranged at an appropriate position in the operator cab 5a, but may be installed in another place when the one-man survey by the operator of the heavy machine 5 is not performed. 6a is a transmitter / receiver provided on the distance measuring instrument 1 side, and 6b is a transmitter / receiver provided on the computer 4 side. Various data and command signals are transmitted and received between the distance measuring instrument 1 and the computer 4. To do. The communication by the transceivers 6a and 6b is performed by wireless communication using radio waves. However, in addition to wireless communication using other media, it may be performed by wired communication depending on circumstances.
[0013]
Surveying by the above-described system is performed as follows. First, the rangefinder 1 is set at a fixed point A whose three-dimensional position is known, and the light beam 2a is remotely controlled by an operator, for example, an operator of the heavy machine 5, to hit the reference point B whose three-dimensional position is known. A distance measuring instrument 1 detects the reflected light from a part of rock or soil and performs measurement. This measurement is performed for a horizontal angle, an elevation angle, an oblique distance, and the like, and the position and orientation of the rangefinder 1 are determined. The collimation of the reference point B may be performed not by remote control but by direct operation by the operator. Next, the operator operates the remote controller 3 to apply the light beam 2a of the distance measuring instrument 1 to the point C to be measured and send a measurement instruction signal, and the distance measuring instrument 1 has a horizontal angle, an elevation angle, an oblique distance, etc. Measure the necessary items. The data of the measured point C thus obtained is transferred from the distance measuring instrument 1 to the computer 4 by the transmitters / receivers 6a and 6b. The computer 4 processes the received data and receives the measured data from the position relative to the reference point B. The three-dimensional position of the measurement point C is calculated.
[0014]
The design value data of the construction area is input to the computer 4 in advance, and the deviation between the calculated three-dimensional position of the measurement point C, that is, the measurement value, and the design value of the measurement point C is calculated. . These measured values and deviations are appropriately stored in the memory of the computer 4 but are displayed on the display of the computer 4 as necessary. This display is not only a numerical display, but is displayed using, for example, a mark indicating the position of the point C to be measured and a designed vertical sectional view at this position. The above display is not limited to the one attached to the computer 4, and other displays can be used depending on the situation.
[0015]
FIG. 2 is an example of such a display image. D is a cross-sectional view in design, and the point C to be measured is a mark C1 indicating the position, a line C2 indicating a vertical deviation from the design value, a line C3 indicating a horizontal deviation, and a direction perpendicular to the design slope This is indicated by a line C4 indicating the deviation. With such a display, the operator of the heavy machine 5 can visually understand the deviation from the design value, so that the operation can be easily performed. If the numerical values of the respective deviations are written on each of the above lines, the magnitude of the deviation is also indicated by specific numbers, so that the situation can be grasped more fully.
[0016]
FIG. 3 shows a basic configuration of a system for carrying out the second invention. 11 is an automatic tracking type distance measuring probe, 12 is a projector, 12a is a light beam of the projector 12, and 12b is a light beam 12a. It is a movement trajectory of the position. Others are the same as those in FIG. 1, and are denoted by the same reference numerals. The range finder 11 is a non-prism type that does not include a projector, and has a higher detection sensitivity of reflected light than the mirror type. The projector 12 outputs visible light or laser light, and a small and lightweight one that can be held and operated by an operator is used.
[0017]
Surveying by this system is performed as follows. First, the ranging finder 11 is set at a fixed point A whose three-dimensional position is known, and the operator operates the distance finder 11 to collimate the reference point B whose known three-dimensional position, and measures the distance. Determine the position and orientation of the rod 11. The operation at this time is performed by a person accustomed to the collimation operation, but can also be performed by the operator of the heavy machinery 5 itself. Next, the operator operates the projector 12 so that the light beam 12 a is applied to the reference point B and then moved to the measurement point C. The range finder 11 automatically tracks the position where the light beam 12a hits, and then measures necessary items such as the horizontal angle, elevation angle, and oblique distance with respect to the measurement point C. The data of the point C to be measured thus obtained is transferred from the range finder 11 to the computer 4 by the transmitters / receivers 6a and 6b, and the computer 4 processes the received data from the relative position with respect to the reference point B. The three-dimensional position of the measurement point C is calculated. Subsequent measurement values and deviations are displayed in the same manner as in the first aspect described above.
[0018]
When the above-mentioned automatic tracking is not successful and the ranging finder 11 loses sight of the light beam 12a, it automatically returns to a state where a predetermined fixed point, for example, the reference point B is collimated. Therefore, even when the tracking operation is not normally performed, surveying can be performed by re-operation.
[0019]
As the fixed point A and the reference point B in each invention, a place where the above-described predetermined operation and operation can be performed without hindrance outside the work area and close to the work area is selected. Further, the point C to be measured is selected as a point that can be seen by the operator. However, in the case of normal work, the operator of the heavy machine 5 selects a point that is the target of the current work, and is measured according to the progress of work. Surveying is performed at any time while appropriately moving the point C, and the work is advanced with this as a target. In this way, once the distance measuring instrument 1 or 11 is once installed, the operator of the heavy machine 5 performs the work while repeating the surveying alone.
[0020]
FIG. 4 shows the basic configuration of a system for carrying out the third invention. Reference numeral 21 denotes a range finder equipped with an imaging function realized by, for example, a CCD element and a control unit necessary for the CCD element. Is a second display arranged at an appropriate position in the cab 5a of the heavy machinery 5. The range finder 21 is of a non-prism type similar to that of the system of FIG. 3, and an axis mark indicating the center point of the image is superimposed and displayed in the captured image. The portion that coincides with is a collimation point. The image picked up by the rangefinder 21 is converted into an electric signal, transmitted to the heavy machine 5 via the transceivers 6a and 6b, and reproduced and displayed on the display 22. The second display 22 can also serve as the display of the computer 4. Others are the same as in the system of FIG.
[0021]
Surveying by this system is performed as follows. First, the range finder 21 is installed at a fixed point A with a known three-dimensional position, and a reference point B with a known three-dimensional position is collimated by remote control or direct operation, and a horizontal angle, elevation angle, oblique angle with respect to the reference point B is identified. The distance and the like are measured to determine the position and orientation of the rangefinder 21. Next, the operator of the heavy machine 5 operates the remote controller 3 while looking at the image displayed on the display 22 to control the direction of the distance measuring device 21, and directs the distance measuring device 21 toward the measurement point C. For example, a cross-shaped axis mark indicating the measurement axis is always displayed at the center of the image, so if a measurement instruction signal is sent with this mark coincident with the target point C to be measured The distance measuring device 21 measures necessary items such as a horizontal angle, an elevation angle, and an oblique distance.
[0022]
The data of the measured point C thus obtained is transferred from the range finder 21 to the computer 4 by the transmitters / receivers 6a and 6b. The computer 4 processes the received data and measures the measured data from the position relative to the reference point B. The three-dimensional position of the measurement point C is calculated. The subsequent measurement values and deviations are displayed in the same manner as in the first and second inventions described above. Since it is relatively easy to mount a function according to a normal video camera or the like on the distance measuring instrument 21, measurement can be performed without being troubled by problems such as difficulty in seeing the light beam. Further, the measurement can be made even if the measurement point C is not directly visible from the operator, which is convenient and improves the practicality.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As apparent from the above description, the surveying method of the present invention, by using the automatic tracking type distance meter performs surveying by rangefinder operator operates the light beam projectors, moving the result The three-dimensional position of the measurement point is calculated by processing with a type computer. Therefore, it is not necessary to place a surveying engineer at all times, and it is possible to perform one-man surveying by a single operator. In addition, since the measurement points can be easily measured as needed, highly accurate work can be carried out efficiently and safely, and the cost required for the work can be greatly reduced.
[0025]
In addition, by obtaining the deviation between the calculated three-dimensional position of the measured point and the design position and displaying it on the display, it is easy to check the magnitude of the deviation, By displaying with a mark indicating the position of the point to be measured, the degree of deviation can be easily confirmed visually. Further, if the operator of the heavy machinery at the civil engineering work site becomes the operator, the work efficiency can be further improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a system for carrying out a first invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image displayed on a display.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a system for carrying out a second invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a system for carrying out a third invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 11, 21 Rangefinder 2, 12 Projector 2a, 12a Light beam 3 Remote controller 4 Mobile computer 5 Heavy machine 5a Driver's cab 6a, 6b Transmitter / receiver 22 Second display A Fixed point B Reference point C Measured point

Claims (6)

Using at least an automatic tracking rangefinder, remote control means for instructing the rangefinder to follow , a projector that outputs a light beam, and a mobile computer, the rangefinder is positioned in a three-dimensional position. Is fixed at a known fixed point, and a reference point whose three-dimensional position is known is collimated and measured to determine the position and orientation of the rangefinder, and then the operator operates the projector to transmit the light beam to the above After moving to the reference point and moving to the point to be measured, the rangefinder automatically tracks it, and the measured point data obtained by performing the predetermined measurement is transferred from the rangefinder to the mobile computer. A method for surveying in civil engineering, characterized in that a three-dimensional position of a measured point is calculated in association with the reference point by performing data processing. 2. A surveying method for civil engineering work according to claim 1, wherein an automatic tracking type ranging finder is used to automatically return to a state in which a predetermined fixed point is collimated when the light beam to be tracked is lost . The surveying method for civil engineering according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a deviation between the calculated three-dimensional position of the measured point and the design position of the measured point previously input to the mobile computer is obtained . The surveying method for civil engineering according to claim 3, wherein a deviation between the calculated three-dimensional position of the measurement point and the design position is displayed on a display . 5. The surveying method for civil engineering according to claim 4 , wherein a deviation between the calculated three-dimensional position of the measured point and the design position is displayed by a design sectional view and a mark indicating the position of the measured point . The surveying method in civil engineering according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the operator is an operator of a heavy machine in a civil engineering construction site .

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