JP4014117B2

JP4014117B2 - Axial load distribution method and apparatus used for rear suspension of rear biaxial vehicle

Info

Publication number: JP4014117B2
Application number: JP15993695A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 義典小林
Original assignee: Hino Motors Ltd
Current assignee: Hino Motors Ltd
Priority date: 1995-06-02
Filing date: 1995-06-02
Publication date: 2007-11-28
Anticipated expiration: 2022-11-28
Also published as: JPH08324217A

Description

【０００１】
【発明に関係ある分野】
この発明は、後二軸車のリア・サスペンションに使用される軸重分配方法および装置に関する。
【０００２】
【背景技術】
この種の後二軸車、特に、後一軸のみが駆動される後二軸車のリア・サスペンションは、積載量を後前車軸と後後車軸とに均等にかけるかあるいは所定の配合比で設計されるのが一般である。ところが、でこぼこの道路や坂道を走行する際には、駆動輪車軸に分配される分担荷重が十分にかからなくなって駆動輪がスリップしたり、また、滑り易い路面では、その駆動輪がスリップを引き起して空転され、さらに、空車時や軽積載時にも、同様に軸負担重量が、減少して所要の駆動力がその駆動輪に確保できなくなる。
【０００３】
最近の後二軸車は、積載量の緩和に伴って軸重分配装置が備えられ、その軸重分配装置によって後二軸の分担荷重を許容荷重の範囲で分配して各車軸の軸重オーバーを回避する範囲で駆動輪車軸の軸重を常に増加させ、そして、空車時および軽積載時に発進を確実にし、そして、安全な走行を確保している。ところが、そのようにその軸重分配装置によってその駆動輪車軸に軸重が常に増加されると、走行の際に遊動輪車軸に振動が発生され、特に、積載量にも関連されるが、その軸重増加が大きくなるにつれてその振動は発生される。
【０００４】
【発明の課題】
この発明の課題は、後二軸の分担荷重を許容荷重の範囲で分配して各車軸の軸重オーバーを回避する範囲で駆動輪車軸の軸重を増加可能にし、空車時および軽積載時に、発進を確実にし、そして、でこぼこの道路、坂道、および滑り易い路面で駆動輪のスリップを阻止し、そして、そのスリップによって引き起されるその駆動輪の空転を未然に回避し、さらに、通常の道路を走行する際、遊動輪車軸の振動を避けるところの後二軸車のリア・サスペンションに使用される軸重分配方法および装置の提供にある。
【０００５】
【課題に相応する手段およびそれの作用】
この発明の方法は、予め決定された複数の圧力値に変えられる圧力を活用する荷重が、後後車軸に持上げ方法にかけられ、そして、後二軸車の積載状態および走行条件に相応可能にするところである。
【０００６】
また、この発明の装置は、フレームに支持されて後後車軸に荷重を持上げ方向に作用可能にする空気袋手段と、その空気袋手段を空気圧源に接続する空気圧配管の途中に配置される高圧設定バルブと、その空気圧配管のその高圧設定バルブの下流側から分岐される低圧側分岐管の途中に配置される低圧設定バルブと、その低圧側分岐管のその低圧設定バルブの下流側に配置される圧力ダンパーと、その空気圧配管のその高圧設定バルブの下流側から分岐される排気圧側分岐管の途中に配置される排気圧設定バルブと、その空気圧配管のその分岐管の分岐箇所の下流側に配置されその低圧側分岐管のその圧力ダンパーの下流側を接続し、そして、軸重切換えスイッチの動作に応じてその高圧設定バルブ側および低圧設定バルブ側をその空気袋手段に切り換え接続可能にする高−低圧切換えバルブと、その空気圧配管のその高−低圧切換えバルブの下流側に配置されてその排気圧側分岐管のその排気圧設定バルブの下流側を接続し、そして、キー・スイッチの動作に応じてその高圧設定バルブ−低圧設定バルブ側および排気圧設定バルブ側をその空気袋手段に切り換え接続可能にする排気圧切換えバルブとを含み、そして、後二軸車の積載状態および走行条件に相応可能にするところである。
【０００７】
【具体例の説明】
以下、この発明の後二軸車のリア・サスペンションに使用される軸重分配方法および装置の特定された具体例について、図面を参照して説明する。図１および図２は、後二軸に後前車軸４２および後後車軸４３を使用する大型トラック４０のタンデム・アクスル・トラニオン型リア・サスペンション４７に適用されるところのこの発明の後二軸車のリア・サスペンションに使用される軸重分配方法および装置の具体例１０を示している。勿論、この大型トラック４０では、その後前車軸４２が、駆動輪車軸であり、また、その後後車軸４３が、遊動輪車軸である。また、その大型トラック４０では、そのタンデム・アクスル・トラニオン型リア・サスペンション４７は、左右のトラニオン・ブラケット４９，４９で左右のフレーム４１，４１に支持されるトラニオン・シャフト４８と、そのトラニオン・シャフト４８の左右端に回転可能に支持されて前端間および後端間にその駆動輪車軸４２および遊動輪車軸４３を支持する左右のリーフ・スプリング５０，５０と、そのトラニオン・シャフト４８、駆動輪車軸４２、および遊動輪車軸４３よりも下方においてその駆動輪車軸４２および遊動輪車軸４３をそのトラニオン・ブラケット４９，４９に連結する左右のフロントおよびリア・ロア・トルク・ロッド５１，５２と、そのリーフ・スプリング５０，５０よりも上方でその左右のフレーム４１，４１間に固定的に渡されているクロス・ビームのアッパ・トルク・ロッド・ブラケット５５，５５にその駆動輪車軸４２および遊動輪車軸４３を連結するフロントおよびリア・アッパ・トルク・ロッド５３，５４とで組み立てられ、そして、その駆動輪車軸４２の両端にはそれぞれ２個づつの駆動輪４４，４４が通常に支持され、一方、その遊動輪車軸４３の両端にはそれぞれ２個づつの遊動輪４５，４５が通常に支持される。また、その駆動輪車軸４２は、ディファレンシャル・キャリア４６内に組み込まれている差動装置（図示せず）に通常に連結される。
【０００８】
その軸重分配方法および装置１０は、そのフレーム４１，４１に支持されてその駆動輪車軸４２に荷重を持上げ方向に作用可能にする空気袋手段１１と、その空気袋手段１１を空気圧源１２に接続する空気圧配管２６の途中に配置される高圧設定バルブ１３と、その空気圧配管２６のその高圧設定バルブ１３の下流側から分岐される低圧側分岐管２７の途中に配置される低圧設定バルブ１４と、その低圧側分岐管２７のその低圧設定バルブ１４の下流側に配置される圧力ダンパー１５と、その空気圧配管２６のその高圧設定バルブ１３の下流側から分岐される排気圧側分岐管２８の途中に配置される排気圧設定バルブ１６と、その空気圧配管２６のその分岐管２７，２８の分岐箇所の下流側に配置されてその低圧側分岐管２７のその圧力ダンパー１５の下流側を接続し、そして、軸重切換えスイッチ２４の動作に応じてその高圧設定バルブ１３側および低圧設定バルブ１４側をその空気袋手段１１に切り換え接続可能にする高−低圧切換えバルブ１７と、その空気圧配管２６のその高−低圧切換えバルブ１７の下流側に配置されてその排気圧側分岐管２８のその排気圧設定バルブ１６の下流側を接続し、そして、キー・スイッチ２５の動作に応じてその高圧設定バルブ−低圧設定バルブ１３，１４側および排気圧設定バルブ１６側をその空気袋手段１１に切り換え接続可能にする排気圧切換えバルブ１８とで構成され、そして、そのトラック４０の積載状態および走行条件に応じて予め決定された複数の圧力値６．０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²、３．７ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²の何れかに変えられる圧力を活用してその空気袋手段１１に荷重を発生させ、そして、その発生荷重をその遊動輪車軸４３にその持上げ方向にかける。勿論、そのトラック４０が比較的に重積載あるいは重積載で発進する際、また、その積載状態で通常の道路を走行する際には、その軸重分配方法および装置１０は、その空気袋手段１１を排気圧０．５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²の状態に置いて軸重を移動させる機能を行なわない。
【０００９】
その空気袋手段１１は、エア・ベローズが使用され、そして、そのエア・ベローズ１１は、その底部がその遊動輪車軸４３の後方に隣接されてその左右のフレーム４１，４１間に固定的に渡されているクロス・ビーム・ブラケット上に固定されてそのクロス・ビーム・ブラケットに固定的に支持され、そして、その頂部がその遊動輪車軸４３のアクスル・ハンガー１９の先端を載せてその発生荷重がその遊動輪車軸４３にその持上げ方向にかけられるところでそのフレーム４１，４１に配置される。勿論、その空気袋手段１１は、そのエア・ベローズに代えてエア・スプリングが使用可能である。
【００１０】
その高圧設定バルブ１３は、減圧弁が使用され、そして、この減圧弁１３は、圧力が６ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²に設定され、その空気圧源、すなわち、エア・タンク１２の空気圧をその設定圧に減圧してそのエア・ベローズ１１に供給可能にする。一方、その低圧設定バルブ１４は、減圧弁が使用され、そして、この減圧弁１４は、圧力が３．７ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²に設定され、その高圧設定バルブ１３で減圧されたそのエア・タンク１２の空気圧をさらに減圧してその圧力ダンパー１５およびエア・ベローズ１１に供給可能にする。その圧力ダンパー１５は、サージ・タンクに具体化されている。
【００１１】
その排気圧設定バルブ１６は、減圧弁が使用され、そして、そのエア・ベローズ１１が空気圧を大気中に逃がす状態に置かれる際、そのエア・タンク１２からそのエア・ベローズ１１に供給される圧縮空気の空気圧であり、また、そのエア・ベローズ１１から大気中に排出される圧縮空気の空気圧であるところの排気圧を０．５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²に設定する。勿論、その減圧弁１６の設定圧、すなわち、その排気圧は、先ず、そのトラック４０が重積載の状態で走行される際、そのエア・ベローズ１１が空気圧を大気中に逃がす状態に置かれ、そして、その際には、そのエア・ベローズ１１がそのリア・サスペンション４７のストロークによって潰れて空気圧を大気中に排出するので、そのエア・ベローズ１１の耐久性が考慮されて設定される。また、その排気圧は、圧縮空気が供給される際、そのエア・ベローズ１１の荷重伝達の応答性が考慮されて設定される。
【００１２】
その高−低圧切換えバルブ１７は、カット・バルブ２０および電磁弁２１の組合せに具体化され、そのカット・バルブ２０は、その空気圧配管２６のその分岐管２７，２８の分岐箇所の下流側に配置されてその低圧側分岐管２７のそのサージ・タンク１５の下流側を接続し、そして、その電磁弁２１で与えられる信号圧でバルブ切換え動作が行なわれてその高圧設定バルブ１３側および低圧設定バルブ１４側をそのエア・ベローズ１１に切り換え接続する。そして、そのためにその電磁弁２１は、信号圧入口が信号圧配管２９でその空気圧配管２６のその高圧設定バルブ１３の上流側に、信号圧出口が信号圧配管３０でそのカット・バルブ２０にそれぞれ接続され、そして、ソレノイド・コイルがその軸重切換えスイッチ２４に電気的に接続されてその軸重切換えスイッチ２４の開閉動作に応じて信号圧をそのカット・バルブ２０に給排し、そして、そのカット・バルブ２０にバルブ切換え動作を行なわせる。
【００１３】
その排気圧切換えバルブ１８は、カット・バルブ２２および電磁弁２３の組合せに具体化され、そのカット・バルブ２２は、その空気圧配管２６のその高−低圧切換えバルブ１７の下流側に配置されてその排気圧側分岐管２８のその排気圧設定バルブ１６の下流側を接続し、そして、その電磁弁２３で与えられる信号圧でバルブ切換え動作が行なわれてその高圧設定バルブ−低圧設定バルブ１３，１４側および排気圧設定バルブ１６側をそのエア・ベローズ１１に切換え接続する。そして、そのためにその電磁弁２３は、信号圧入口が信号圧分岐管３１でその信号圧配管２９に、信号圧出口が信号圧配管３２でそのカット・バルブ２２にそれぞれ接続され、そして、ソレノイド・コイルがそのキー・スイッチ２５に電気的に接続されてそのキー・スイッチ２５の開閉動作に応じて信号圧をそのカット・バルブ２２に給排し、そして、そのカット・バルブ２２にバルブ切換え動作を行なわせる。
【００１４】
次に、その上述された軸重分配方法および装置１０の動作について説明する。今、そのトラック４０が空あるいは軽積載の状態であると、発進時には、そのキー・スイッチ２５および軸重切換えスイッチ２４を入れてその電磁弁２３，２１のソレノイド・コイルに電流を流す。その電磁弁２３，２１はそれぞれのソレノイド・コイルが励磁されて開かれ、そして、信号圧がその電磁弁２３，２１からその対応するカット・バルブ２２，２０に与えられる。そのカット・バルブ２２，２０では、その信号圧によってバルブ切換え動作が行なわれてそのカット・バルブ２２はその排気圧側分岐管２８を遮断し、そして、その空気圧配管２６を連通させ、一方、そのカット・バルブ２０はその低圧側分岐管２７を遮断し、そして、その空気圧配管２６を連通させる。そのエア・ベローズ１１がその空気圧配管２６でそのエア・タンク１２に接続されるので、そのエア・タンク１２の圧縮空気はその高圧設定バルブ１３で圧力６．０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²に減圧されてそのエア・ベローズ１１に供給され、そして、そのエア・ベローズ１１にその持上げ方向に荷重を発生させる。
【００１５】
そのエア・ベローズ１１は、その発生荷重をその遊動輪車軸にその持上げ方向にかけ、そして、その荷重分をその駆動輪車軸４２に移動させて負担させる。そのようにして、その駆動輪車軸４２にはその発生荷重分が増加されて必要な軸重が確保され、すなわち、駆動力が確保されて発進が有利になる。また、そのトラック４０は、滑り易い路面、でこぼこ道路、坂道などにおいてもその駆動輪４４，４４のスリップが抑制されて確実に走行可能になる。
【００１６】
そのような空あるいは軽積載の状態でそのトラック４０が走行する際は、その軸重切換えスイッチ２４を切ってその電磁弁２１のソレノイド・コイルに流れている電流を切る。その電磁弁２１は、そのソレノイド・コイルが消磁されて閉じられ、そして、信号圧はそのカット・バルブ２０に与えられなくなる。そのカット・バルブ２０では、バルブ切換え動作が行なわれてそのカット・バルブ２０はその空気圧配管２６のそのカット・バルブ２０の上流側を遮断し、そして、その低圧側分岐管２７をその空気圧配管２６のそのカット・バルブ２０の下流側に接続する。そのようにそのカット・バルブ２０がバルブ切換え動作を行なうので、そのエア・タンク１２の圧縮空気はその高圧設定バルブ１３で圧力６．０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²に減圧され、そしてさらに、その低圧設定バルブ１４で圧力３．７ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²に減圧されてそのエア・ベローズ１１に供給され、そして、そのエア・ベローズ１１にその持上げ方向に荷重を発生させる。したがって、走行時にはその遊動輪車軸４３の振動が抑制され、また、旋回時にもポンピングが防止される。
【００１７】
また、そのトラック４０が比較的に重積載あるいは重積載の状態で走行する際には、そのキー・スイッチ２５および軸重切換えスイッチ２４を切ってその電磁弁２３，２１のソレノイド・コイルに流れている電流を切る。その電磁弁２３，２１は、そのソレノイド・コイルが消磁されて閉じられ、そして、信号圧はそのカット・バルブ２２，２０に与えられなくなる。そのカット・バルブ２２，２０ではバルブ切換え動作が行なわれ、そして、そのカット・バルブ２０のバルブ切換え動作にかかわらずそのカット・バルブ２２はその空気圧配管２６のそのカット・バルブ２２の上流側を遮断し、そして、その排気圧側分岐管２８をその空気圧配管２６のそのカット・バルブ２２の下流側に接続する。そのようにそのカット・バルブ２２がバルブ切換え動作を行なうので、そのエア・タンク１２の圧縮空気はその高圧設定バルブ１３で圧力６．０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²に減圧され、そしてさらに、その排気圧設定バルブ１６で圧力０．５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²に減圧されてそのエア・ベローズ１１に供給される。このように圧縮空気が圧力０．５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²で供給される場合には、そのエア・ベローズ１１はその持上げ方向の荷重を発生しない。したがって、そのトラック４０は円滑で安全に走行される。
【００１８】
図３は、駆動輪車軸４２および遊動輪車軸４３を使用する大型トラック４０のタンデム・アクスル・トラニオン型リア・サスペンション４７に適用されるところのこの発明の後二軸車のリア・サスペンションに使用される軸重分配方法および装置の具体例６０を概略的に示している。その軸重分配方法および装置６０は、フレーム４１，４１に支持されてその遊動輪車軸４３に荷重を持上げ方向に作用可能にする空気袋手段１１と、その空気袋手段１１を空気圧源１２に接続する空気圧配管２６の途中に配置される高圧設定バルブ１３と、その空気圧配管２６のその高圧設定バルブ１３の下流側から分岐される低圧側分岐管２７の途中に配置される低圧設定バルブ１４と、その低圧側分岐管２７のその低圧設定バルブ１４の下流側に配置される圧力ダンパー１５と、その空気圧配管２６のその高圧設定バルブ１３の下流側から分岐される排気圧側分岐管２８の途中に配置される排気圧設定バルブ１６と、その空気圧配管２６のその分岐管２７，２８の分岐箇所の下流側に配置されてその低圧側分岐管２７のその圧力ダンパー１５の下流側を接続し、そして、その高圧設定バルブ１３側および低圧設定バルブ１４側をその空気袋手段１１に切り換え接続可能にする高−低圧切換えバルブ１７と、その空気圧配管２６のその高−低圧切換えバルブ１７の下流側に配置されてその排気圧側分岐管２８のその排気圧設定バルブ１６の下流側を接続し、そして、その高圧設定バルブ−低圧設定バルブ１３，１４側および排気圧設定バルブ１６側をその空気袋手段１１に切り換え接続可能にする排気圧切換えバルブ１８と、軸重センサ６２の軸重信号およびキー・スイッチ２５の動作信号に応じてその高−低圧切換えバルブ１７および排気圧切換えバルブ１８を動作させるコントロール・ユニット６１とで構成され、そして、そのトラック４０の積載状態および走行条件に応じて予め決定された複数の圧力値６．０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²、３．７ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²の何れかにそのコントロール・ユニット６１で変えられる圧力を活用してその空気袋手段１１に荷重を発生させ、そして、その発生荷重をその遊動輪車軸４３にその持上げ方向にかける。勿論、そのトラック４０が比較的に重積載あるいは重積載で発進する際、また、その積載状態で通常の道路を走行する際には、その軸重分配方法および装置６０は、その空気袋手段１１を排気圧０．５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²の状態に置いて軸重を移動させる機能を行なわない。
【００１９】
その軸重分配方法および装置６０は、その空気袋手段１１のためにそのアクスル・ハンガー１９が使用され、また、そのコントロール・ユニット６１にマイクロ・コンピュータが使用されるところである。
【００２０】
図４は、駆動輪車軸４２および遊動輪車軸４３を使用する大型トラック４０のタンデム・アクスル・トラニオン型リア・サスペンション４７に適用されるところのこの発明の後二軸車のリア・サスペンションに使用される軸重分配方法および装置の具体例７０を概略的に示している。その軸重分配方法および装置７０は、フレーム４１，４１に支持されてその遊動輪車軸４３に荷重を持上げ方向に作用可能にする空気袋手段１１と、その空気袋手段１１を空気圧源１２に接続する空気圧配管２６の途中に配置される圧力ダンパー１５と、その空気圧配管２６のその圧力ダンパー１５の上流側に配置される高圧設定バルブ１３と、その圧力ダンパー１５および高圧設定バルブ１３の間でその空気圧配管２６から分岐される低圧側分岐管２７の途中に配置される低圧設定バルブ１４と、その圧力ダンパー１５および高圧設定バルブ１３の間でその空気圧配管２６から分岐される排気圧側分岐管２８の途中に配置される排気圧設定バルブ１６と、その空気圧配管２６のその圧力ダンパー１５の上流側でその分岐管２７，２８の分岐箇所の下流側に配置されてその低圧側分岐管２７のその低圧設定バルブ１４の下流側を接続し、そして、軸重切換えスイッチ２４の動作に応じてその高圧設定バルブ１３側および低圧設定バルブ１４側をその圧力ダンパー１５に切換え接続可能にする高−低圧切換えバルブ１７と、その空気圧配管２６のその圧力ダンパー１５の下流側に配置されてその排気圧側分岐管２８のその排気圧設定バルブ１６の下流側を接続し、そして、キー・スイッチ２５の動作に応じてその高圧設定バルブ−低圧設定バルブ１３，１４側および排気圧設定バルブ１６側をその空気袋手段１１に切り換え接続可能にする排気圧切換えバルブ１８とで構成され、そして、そのトラック４０の積載状態および走行条件に応じて予め決定された複数の圧力値６．０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²、３．７ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²の何れかに変えられる圧力を活用してその空気袋手段１１に荷重を発生させ、そして、その発生荷重をその遊動輪車軸４３にその持上げ方向にかける。勿論、そのトラック４０が比較的に重積載あるいは重積載で発進する際、また、その積載状態で通常の道路を走行する際には、その軸重分配方法および装置７０は、その空気袋手段１１を排気圧０．５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²の状態に置いて軸重を移動させる機能を行なわない。
【００２１】
この軸重分配方法および装置７０もまたその空気袋手段１１のためにそのアクスル・ハンガー１９が使用される。
【００２２】
図５は、駆動輪車軸４２および遊動輪車軸４３を使用する大型トラック４０のタンデム・アクスル・トラニオン型リア・サスペンション４７に適用されるところのこの発明の後二軸車のリア・サスペンションに使用される軸重分配方法および装置の具体例８０を概略的に示している。その軸重分配方法および装置８０は、フレーム４１，４１に支持されてその遊動輪車軸４３に荷重を持上げ方向に作用可能にする空気袋手段１１と、その空気袋手段１１を空気圧源１２に接続する空気圧配管２６の途中に配置される圧力ダンパー１５と、その空気圧配管２６のその圧力ダンパー１５の上流側に配置される高圧設定バルブ１３と、その圧力ダンパー１５および高圧設定バルブ１３の間でその空気圧配管２６から分岐される低圧側分岐管２７の途中に配置される低圧設定バルブ１４と、その圧力ダンパー１５および高圧設定バルブ１３の間でその空気圧配管２６から分岐される排気圧側分岐管２８の途中に配置される排気圧設定バルブ１６と、その空気圧配管２６のその圧力ダンパー１５の上流側でその分岐管２７，２８の分岐箇所の下流側に配置されてその低圧側分岐管２７のその低圧設定バルブ１４の下流側を接続し、そして、その高圧設定バルブ１３側および低圧設定バルブ１４側をその圧力ダンパー１５に切換え接続可能にする高−低圧切換えバルブ１７と、その空気圧配管２６のその圧力ダンパー１５の下流側に配置されてその排気圧側分岐管２８のその排気圧設定バルブ１６の下流側を接続し、そして、その高圧設定バルブ−低圧設定バルブ１３，１４側および０気０設定バルブ１６側をその空気袋手段１１に切り換え接続可能にする排気圧切換えバルブ１８と、軸重センサ６２の軸重信号およびキー・スイッチ２５の動作信号に応じてその高−低圧切換えバルブ１７および排気圧切換えバルブ１８を動作させるコントロール・ユニット６１とで構成され、そして、そのトラック４０の積載状態および走行条件に応じて予め決定された複数の圧力０６．０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²、３．７ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²の何れかにそのコントロール・ユニット６１で変えられる圧力を活用してその空気袋手段１１に荷重を発生させ、そして、その発生荷重をその遊動輪車軸４３にその持上げ方向にかける。勿論、そのトラック４０が比較的に重積載あるいは重積載で発進する際、また、その積載状態で通常の道路を走行する際には、その軸重分配方法および装置８０は、その空気袋手段１１を排気圧０．５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²の状態に置いて軸重を移動させる機能を行なわない。
【００２３】
この軸重分配方法および装置８０もまたその空気袋手段１１のためにそのアクスル・ハンガー１９が使用され、そして、そのコントロール・ユニット６１にマイクロ・コンピュータが使用される。
【００２４】
図６は、駆動輪車軸４２および遊動輪車軸４３を使用する大型トラック４０のタンデム・アクスル・トラニオン型リア・サスペンション４７に適用されるところのこの発明の後二軸車のリア・サスペンションに使用される軸重分配方法および装置の具体例９０を概略的に示している。その軸重分配方法および装置９０は、フレーム４１，４１に支持されてその遊動輪車軸４３に荷重を持上げ方向に作用可能にする空気袋手段１１と、その空気袋手段１１を空気圧源１２に接続する空気圧配管２６の途中に配置される圧力ダンパー１５と、その空気圧源１２および圧力ダンパー１５の間でその空気圧配管２６に配置される電磁圧力調整弁９１と、軸重センサ６２の軸重信号およびキー・スイッチ２５の動作信号に応じてその電磁圧力調整弁９１を動作させるコントロール・ユニット９２とで構成され、そして、そのコントロール・ユニット９２がそのトラック４０の積載状態および走行条件に応じてその電磁圧力調整弁９１を動作させて予め決定された圧力値の範囲において変えられる圧力を活用してその空気袋手段１１に荷重を発生させ、そして、その発生荷重をその遊動輪車軸４３にその持上げ方向にかける。勿論、そのトラック４０が比較的に重積載あるいは重積載で発進する際、また、その積載状態で通常の道路を走行する際には、その軸重分配方法および装置９０は、その空気袋手段１１を排気圧０．５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²の状態に置いて軸重を移動させる機能を行なわない。
【００２５】
その電磁圧力調整弁９１は、予め決定された圧力値の範囲（６．０〜０．５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²）でその空気圧源１２の空気圧を連続的に、言い換えると、無段階的に減圧可能にする弁である。また、この軸重分配方法および装置９０においてもその空気袋手段１１のためにそのアクスル・ハンガーが使用され、そして、そのコントロール・ユニット９２にマイクロ・コンピュータが使用される。
【００２６】
先に図面を参照して説明されたところのこの発明の特定された具体例から明らかであるように、この発明の属する技術の分野における通常の知識を有する者にとって、この発明の内容は、その発明の性質（ｎａｔｕｒｅ）および本質（ｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅ）に由来し、そして、それらを内在させると客観的に認められる別の態様に容易に具体化される。勿論、この発明の内容は、その発明の課題に相応し（ｂｅｃｏｍｍｅｎｓｕｒａｔｅｗｉｔｈ）、そして、その発明の成立に必須である。
【００２７】
【発明の便益】
上述から理解されるように、この発明の後二軸車のリア・サスペンションに使用される軸重分配方法は、予め決定された複数の圧力値に変えられる圧力を活用する荷重が後後車軸に持上げ方向にかけられるので、また、この発明の後二軸車のリア・サスペンションに使用される軸重分配装置は、フレームに支持されて後後車軸に荷重を持上げ方向に作用可能にする空気袋手段と、その空気袋手段を空気圧源に接続する空気圧配管の途中に配置される高圧設定バルブと、その空気圧配管のその高圧設定バルブの下流側から分岐される低圧側分岐管の途中に配置される低圧設定バルブと、その低圧側分岐管のその低圧設定バルブの下流側に配置される圧力ダンパーと、その空気圧配管のその高圧設定バルブの下流側から分岐される排気圧側分岐管の途中に配置される排気圧設定バルブと、その空気圧配管のその分岐管の分岐箇所の下流側に配置されてその低圧側分岐管のその圧力ダンパーの下流側を接続し、そして、軸重切換えスイッチの動作に応じてその高圧設定バルブ側および低圧設定バルブ側をその空気袋手段に切り換え接続可能にする高−低圧切換えバルブと、その空気圧配管のその高−低圧切換えバルブの下流側に配置されてその排気圧側分岐管のその排気圧設定バルブの下流側を接続し、そして、キー・スイッチの動作に応じてその高圧設定バルブ−低圧設定バルブ側および排気圧設定バルブ側をその空気袋手段に切り換え接続可能にする排気圧切換えバルブとを含むので、この発明の後二軸車のリア・サスペンションに使用される軸重分配方法および装置では、その後二軸の分担荷重が許容荷重の範囲で分配されて各車軸の軸重オーバーを回避する範囲で駆動輪車軸の軸重が増加可能になり、空車時および軽積載時に、駆動力が確保されて発進が有利になり、でこぼこ道路、坂道、および滑り易い路面で駆動輪のスリップが阻止され、そのスリップによって引き起されるその駆動輪の空転が未然に回避され、そして、通常に走行する際には、遊動輪車軸の振動が回避され、その結果、後二軸車にとって非常に有用で実用的である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】後二軸に駆動後前車軸および従動後後車軸を使用する大型トラックのタンデム・アクスル型リア・サスペンションに適用されるところのこの発明の後二軸車のリア・サスペンションに使用される軸重分配方法および装置の具体例を部分的に示した概略側面図である。
【図２】図１に示された軸重分配方法および装置を示した空気圧回路図である。
【図３】後二軸に駆動後前車軸および従動後後車軸を使用する大型トラックのタンデム・アクスル型リア・サスペンションに適用されるところのこの発明の後二軸車のリア・サスペンションに使用される軸重分配方法および装置の具体例を示した空気圧回路図である。
【図４】後二軸に駆動後前車軸および従動後後車軸を使用する大型トラックのタンデム・アクスル型リア・サスペンションに適用されるところのこの発明の後二軸車のリア・サスペンションに使用される軸重分配方法および装置の具体例を示した空気圧回路図である。
【図５】後二軸に駆動後前車軸および従動後後車軸を使用する大型トラックのタンデム・アクスル型リア・サスペンションに適用されるところのこの発明の後二軸車のリア・サスペンションに使用される軸重分配方法および装置の具体例を示した空気圧回路図である。
【図６】後二軸に駆動後前車軸および従動後後車軸を使用する大型トラックのタンデム・アクスル型リア・サスペンションに適用されるところのこの発明の後二軸車のリア・サスペンションに使用される軸重分配方法および装置の具体例を示した空気圧回路図である。
【符号の説明】
１１空気袋手段／エア・ベローズ
１３高圧設定バルブ／減圧弁
１４低圧設定バルブ／減圧弁
１５圧力ダンパー／サージ・タンク
１６排気圧設定バルブ／減圧弁
１７高−低圧切換えバルブ／カット・バルブ−電磁弁
１８排気圧切換えバルブ／カット・バルブ−電磁弁
２４軸重切換えスイッチ
２５キー・スイッチ[0001]
Fields related to the invention
The present invention relates to an axle load distribution method and apparatus used for a rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle.
[0002]
[Background]
This type of rear biaxle, especially the rear suspension of the rear biaxle, in which only the rear one is driven, is designed so that the load is evenly distributed between the rear front axle and the rear rear axle, or with a predetermined blending ratio. Generally it is done. However, when traveling on bumpy roads and hills, the shared load distributed to the drive wheel axle is not sufficiently applied and the drive wheel slips. On slippery road surfaces, the drive wheel slips. When the vehicle is idle and idles, and when the vehicle is empty or lightly loaded, the weight of the shaft is similarly reduced and the required driving force cannot be secured on the drive wheels.
[0003]
Recent rear bi-axle vehicles are equipped with axle load distribution devices along with the load reduction, and the load distribution of the rear bi-axes is distributed within the allowable load range by the axle load distribution device so that the axle load of each axle is over. Thus, the axle of the drive wheel axle is always increased within the range to avoid this, and the start is ensured when the vehicle is empty and lightly loaded, and safe driving is ensured. However, when the axle load is always increased by the axle weight distribution device in this way, vibration is generated in the idler axle during traveling, and particularly, it is also related to the load capacity. The vibration is generated as the increase in axial load increases.
[0004]
[Problems of the Invention]
The object of the present invention is to distribute the shared load of the rear two axles within the allowable load range and to increase the axle weight of the drive wheel axle within a range that avoids overloading of each axle. Ensure start-up and prevent slippage of drive wheels on bumpy roads, slopes, and slippery surfaces, and avoid slipping of the drive wheels caused by the slip, An object of the present invention is to provide an axle load distribution method and apparatus used for a rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle that avoids vibration of an idler axle when traveling on a road.
[0005]
[Means corresponding to the problem and its operation]
In the method of the present invention, a load that utilizes pressure that can be changed to a plurality of predetermined pressure values is applied to the lifting method on the rear rear axle, and can be adapted to the loading condition and traveling conditions of the rear biaxial vehicle. By the way.
[0006]
Further, the apparatus of the present invention is a high pressure device disposed in the middle of a pneumatic bag means supported by a frame and capable of acting on a rear rear axle in a lifting direction, and a pneumatic pipe connecting the pneumatic bag means to a pneumatic pressure source. A setting valve, a low pressure setting valve disposed in the middle of a low pressure side branch pipe branched from the downstream side of the high pressure setting valve of the pneumatic piping, and a downstream side of the low pressure setting valve of the low pressure side branch pipe. A pressure damper, an exhaust pressure setting valve disposed in the middle of an exhaust pressure side branch pipe branched from the downstream side of the high pressure setting valve of the pneumatic pipe, and a downstream side of the branch point of the branch pipe of the pneumatic pipe The low pressure side branch pipe is connected to the downstream side of the pressure damper, and the high pressure setting valve side and the low pressure setting valve side are connected to the air bag according to the operation of the axle load changeover switch. A high-low pressure switching valve that enables switching connection to the pneumatic piping, and is arranged downstream of the high-low pressure switching valve of the pneumatic piping to connect the downstream side of the exhaust pressure setting valve of the exhaust pressure side branch pipe; and A high pressure setting valve according to the operation of the key switch-an exhaust pressure switching valve that enables the low pressure setting valve side and the exhaust pressure setting valve side to be switched and connected to the air bag means, and loading the rear biaxial vehicle It is possible to adapt to the conditions and driving conditions.
[0007]
[Explanation of specific examples]
A specific example of the axle load distribution method and apparatus used for the rear suspension of the rear two-shaft vehicle of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show the rear biaxle of the present invention as applied to a tandem axle trunnion type rear suspension 47 of a heavy truck 40 using the rear front axle 42 and the rear rear axle 43 as the rear biaxial. A specific example 10 of the axle load distribution method and apparatus used in the rear suspension of the present invention is shown. Of course, in this large truck 40, the front axle 42 is the driving wheel axle, and the rear axle 43 is the idler axle. In the large truck 40, the tandem axle trunnion type rear suspension 47 includes a trunnion shaft 48 supported on the left and right frames 41, 41 by the left and right trunnion brackets 49, 49, and the trunnion shaft. Left and right leaf springs 50, 50 supported rotatably on the left and right ends of 48 and supporting the drive wheel axle 42 and idle wheel axle 43 between the front end and the rear end, its trunnion shaft 48, drive wheel axle 42, and left and right front and rear lower torque rods 51, 52 connecting the drive wheel axle 42 and the idler wheel axle 43 to the trunnion brackets 49, 49 below the idler axle 43, and the leaf thereof -The left and right frames 41, 41 above the springs 50, 50 The front and rear upper torque rods 53, 54 connecting the driving wheel axle 42 and the idler wheel axle 43 to the cross beam upper torque rod brackets 55, 55 fixedly passed to the As assembled, two drive wheels 44, 44 are normally supported at both ends of the drive wheel axle 42, respectively, while two idle wheels 45, 44 are respectively provided at both ends of the idle wheel axle 43. 45 is normally supported. Further, the drive wheel axle 42 is normally connected to a differential (not shown) incorporated in the differential carrier 46.
[0008]
The axle load distribution method and apparatus 10 includes an air bag means 11 supported by the frames 41 and 41 to enable a load to act on the drive wheel axle 42 in the lifting direction, and the air bag means 11 to the air pressure source 12. A high pressure setting valve 13 disposed in the middle of the connecting pneumatic pipe 26, and a low pressure setting valve 14 disposed in the middle of the low pressure side branch pipe 27 branched from the downstream side of the high pressure setting valve 13 of the pneumatic pipe 26. The pressure damper 15 disposed downstream of the low pressure setting valve 14 of the low pressure side branch pipe 27 and the exhaust pressure side branch pipe 28 branched from the downstream side of the high pressure setting valve 13 of the pneumatic pipe 26. The exhaust pressure setting valve 16 to be arranged and the pressure damper of the low-pressure side branch pipe 27 are arranged downstream of the branching points of the branch pipes 27 and 28 of the pneumatic pipe 26. A high-low pressure switching valve which connects the downstream side of -15 and enables the high pressure setting valve 13 side and the low pressure setting valve 14 side to be switched to the air bag means 11 in accordance with the operation of the axle load changeover switch 24. 17 and downstream of the high-low pressure switching valve 17 of the pneumatic pipe 26 to connect the downstream side of the exhaust pressure setting valve 16 of the exhaust pressure side branch pipe 28, and the operation of the key switch 25 Accordingly, the high pressure setting valve-low pressure setting valve 13, 14 side and the exhaust pressure setting valve 16 side are configured with an exhaust pressure switching valve 18 that enables switching connection to the air bag means 11, and A plurality of pressure values 6.0 kgf / cm determined in advance according to the loading state and traveling conditions ² 3.7 kgf / cm ² The air bag means 11 is caused to generate a load by utilizing the pressure that can be changed to any one of the above, and the generated load is applied to the idler wheel axle 43 in the lifting direction. Of course, when the truck 40 starts with relatively heavy load or heavy load, or when traveling on a normal road in the loaded state, the axle load distribution method and apparatus 10 includes the air bag means 11. The exhaust pressure is 0.5kgf / cm ² Do not perform the function of moving the axle weight in the state of.
[0009]
The air bag means 11 uses an air bellows, and the air bellows 11 is fixedly passed between the left and right frames 41, 41 with its bottom portion being adjacent to the rear of the idler wheel axle 43. Is fixed on the cross beam bracket and fixedly supported by the cross beam bracket, and the top of the axle hanger 19 of the idler axle 43 is placed on the tip of the axle hanger 19 to generate the generated load. The idler wheel axle 43 is disposed on the frames 41 and 41 where it is put in the lifting direction. Of course, the air bag means 11 can use an air spring instead of the air bellows.
[0010]
The high pressure setting valve 13 is a pressure reducing valve, and the pressure reducing valve 13 has a pressure of 6 kgf / cm. ² The air pressure source, that is, the air pressure of the air tank 12 is reduced to the set pressure so that the air bellows 11 can be supplied. On the other hand, the low pressure setting valve 14 is a pressure reducing valve, and the pressure reducing valve 14 has a pressure of 3.7 kgf / cm. ² The air pressure of the air tank 12 that has been set to 2 and reduced by the high pressure setting valve 13 is further reduced so that it can be supplied to the pressure damper 15 and the air bellows 11. The pressure damper 15 is embodied in a surge tank.
[0011]
The exhaust pressure setting valve 16 is a compression valve supplied to the air bellows 11 from the air tank 12 when the pressure reducing valve is used and the air bellows 11 is placed in a state in which air pressure is released into the atmosphere. The exhaust pressure is 0.5 kgf / cm, which is the air pressure of the air and the air pressure of the compressed air discharged from the air bellows 11 into the atmosphere. ² Set to. Of course, the set pressure of the pressure reducing valve 16, that is, the exhaust pressure, is first set so that the air bellows 11 allows the air pressure to escape into the atmosphere when the truck 40 is traveling in a heavy load state. At that time, the air bellows 11 is crushed by the stroke of the rear suspension 47 and the air pressure is discharged into the atmosphere, so that the durability of the air bellows 11 is set. The exhaust pressure is set in consideration of the load transmission response of the air bellows 11 when compressed air is supplied.
[0012]
The high-low pressure switching valve 17 is embodied as a combination of a cut valve 20 and a solenoid valve 21, and the cut valve 20 is disposed downstream of the branching points of the branch pipes 27 and 28 of the pneumatic pipe 26. Then, the low pressure side branch pipe 27 is connected to the downstream side of the surge tank 15, and the valve switching operation is performed with the signal pressure given by the electromagnetic valve 21, and the high pressure setting valve 13 side and the low pressure setting valve. The 14 side is switched and connected to the air bellows 11. For this purpose, the solenoid valve 21 has a signal pressure inlet at the signal pressure pipe 29 and the pneumatic pipe 26 upstream of the high pressure setting valve 13, and a signal pressure outlet at the signal pressure pipe 30 and the cut valve 20. And a solenoid coil is electrically connected to the axle load changeover switch 24 to supply / discharge signal pressure to / from the cut valve 20 according to the opening / closing operation of the axle load changeover switch 24, and The cut valve 20 is caused to perform a valve switching operation.
[0013]
The exhaust pressure switching valve 18 is embodied as a combination of a cut valve 22 and an electromagnetic valve 23, and the cut valve 22 is disposed downstream of the high-low pressure switching valve 17 in the pneumatic piping 26. The exhaust pressure side branch pipe 28 is connected to the downstream side of the exhaust pressure setting valve 16, and the valve switching operation is performed with the signal pressure given by the electromagnetic valve 23 to the high pressure setting valve-low pressure setting valves 13, 14 side. And the exhaust pressure setting valve 16 side is switched and connected to the air bellows 11. For this purpose, the solenoid valve 23 has a signal pressure inlet connected to the signal pressure pipe 29 via a signal pressure branch pipe 31, a signal pressure outlet connected to the cut valve 22 via a signal pressure pipe 32, and a solenoid valve A coil is electrically connected to the key switch 25 to supply / discharge signal pressure to / from the cut valve 22 according to the opening / closing operation of the key switch 25, and to perform valve switching operation on the cut valve 22 Let it be done.
[0014]
Next, the above-described axial load distribution method and the operation of the apparatus 10 will be described. If the truck 40 is empty or lightly loaded, the key switch 25 and the axle load changeover switch 24 are turned on and a current flows through the solenoid coils of the solenoid valves 23 and 21 when starting. The solenoid valves 23 and 21 are opened when their respective solenoid coils are excited, and a signal pressure is applied from the solenoid valves 23 and 21 to the corresponding cut valves 22 and 20. In the cut valves 22 and 20, a valve switching operation is performed by the signal pressure so that the cut valve 22 shuts off the exhaust pressure side branch pipe 28 and communicates the pneumatic pipe 26 while the cut valve 22 is cut. The valve 20 shuts off the low-pressure side branch pipe 27 and makes the pneumatic pipe 26 communicate therewith. Since the air bellows 11 is connected to the air tank 12 by the pneumatic pipe 26, the compressed air in the air tank 12 is pressurized by the high pressure setting valve 13 to a pressure of 6.0 kgf / cm. ² The air bellows 11 is depressurized and supplied to the air bellows 11, and a load is generated in the air bellows 11 in the lifting direction.
[0015]
The air bellows 11 applies the generated load to the idler wheel axle in the lifting direction, and moves the load to the drive wheel axle 42 to bear it. In this way, the generated load is increased on the driving wheel axle 42 to ensure the necessary axle weight, that is, the driving force is ensured and the starting becomes advantageous. In addition, the truck 40 can be reliably run on slippery road surfaces, bumpy roads, slopes, and the like, with the drive wheels 44 and 44 being prevented from slipping.
[0016]
When the truck 40 travels in such an empty or lightly loaded state, the axle load changeover switch 24 is turned off to cut off the current flowing through the solenoid coil of the solenoid valve 21. The solenoid valve 21 is closed with the solenoid coil demagnetized, and no signal pressure is applied to the cut valve 20. In the cut valve 20, a valve switching operation is performed so that the cut valve 20 shuts off the upstream side of the cut valve 20 of the pneumatic pipe 26, and the low-pressure side branch pipe 27 is connected to the pneumatic pipe 26. Connected to the downstream side of the cut valve 20. Since the cut valve 20 performs the valve switching operation in this manner, the compressed air in the air tank 12 is pressurized by the high pressure setting valve 13 to a pressure of 6.0 kgf / cm. ² And the pressure is 3.7 kgf / cm at the low-pressure setting valve 14. ² The air bellows 11 is depressurized and supplied to the air bellows 11, and a load is generated in the air bellows 11 in the lifting direction. Therefore, vibration of the idler wheel axle 43 is suppressed during traveling, and pumping is prevented during turning.
[0017]
Also, when the truck 40 travels in a relatively heavy load or heavy load state, the key switch 25 and the shaft load changeover switch 24 are turned off and flow to the solenoid coils of the solenoid valves 23 and 21. Turn off the current. The solenoid valves 23 and 21 are closed when the solenoid coil is demagnetized, and no signal pressure is applied to the cut valves 22 and 20. The cut valves 22 and 20 perform a valve switching operation, and the cut valve 22 blocks the upstream side of the cut valve 22 in the pneumatic piping 26 regardless of the valve switching operation of the cut valve 20. Then, the exhaust pressure side branch pipe 28 is connected to the downstream side of the cut valve 22 of the pneumatic pipe 26. Since the cut valve 22 performs the valve switching operation in this way, the compressed air in the air tank 12 is pressurized by the high pressure setting valve 13 to a pressure of 6.0 kgf / cm. ² And the exhaust pressure setting valve 16 further reduces the pressure to 0.5 kgf / cm. ² And is supplied to the air bellows 11. Thus, compressed air has a pressure of 0.5 kgf / cm. ² The air bellows 11 does not generate a load in the lifting direction. Therefore, the truck 40 runs smoothly and safely.
[0018]
FIG. 3 is used in the rear suspension of a rear biaxial vehicle of the present invention as applied to a tandem axle trunnion type rear suspension 47 of a heavy truck 40 using a drive wheel axle 42 and an idler wheel axle 43. Fig. 6 schematically shows a specific example 60 of the axial load distribution method and apparatus. The axle load distribution method and device 60 is supported by frames 41, 41 so that a load can be applied to the idler wheel axle 43 in the lifting direction, and the bladder means 11 is connected to the air pressure source 12. A high pressure setting valve 13 disposed in the middle of the pneumatic pipe 26 to be operated, a low pressure setting valve 14 disposed in the middle of the low pressure side branch pipe 27 branched from the downstream side of the high pressure setting valve 13 of the pneumatic pipe 26, The pressure damper 15 disposed downstream of the low pressure setting valve 14 of the low pressure side branch pipe 27 and the exhaust pressure side branch pipe 28 branched from the downstream side of the high pressure setting valve 13 of the pneumatic pipe 26. The exhaust pressure setting valve 16 and the pressure damper of the low pressure side branch pipe 27 disposed downstream of the branch pipes 27 and 28 of the pneumatic pipe 26. 5, and a high-low pressure switching valve 17 that enables switching connection between the high pressure setting valve 13 side and the low pressure setting valve 14 side to the air bag means 11, and the high-pressure of the pneumatic pipe 26. The exhaust pressure side branch pipe 28 is arranged downstream of the low pressure switching valve 17 and connected to the downstream side of the exhaust pressure setting valve 16, and the high pressure setting valve-low pressure setting valves 13, 14 side and the exhaust pressure setting valve. The exhaust pressure switching valve 18 that enables switching connection to the air bag means 11 on the 16 side, the high-low pressure switching valve 17 and the exhaust pressure according to the shaft weight signal of the shaft weight sensor 62 and the operation signal of the key switch 25. And a control unit 61 for operating the switching valve 18, and according to the loading state and traveling conditions of the truck 40 A plurality of pressure values 6.0 kgf / cm which is previously determined ² 3.7 kgf / cm ² The pressure that is changed by the control unit 61 is utilized to generate a load on the air bag means 11, and the generated load is applied to the idler axle 43 in the lifting direction. Of course, when the truck 40 starts with relatively heavy load or heavy load, or when traveling on a normal road in the loaded state, the axle load distribution method and device 60 is provided with the air bag means 11. The exhaust pressure is 0.5kgf / cm ² Do not perform the function of moving the axle weight in the state of.
[0019]
The axle load distribution method and apparatus 60 is where the axle hanger 19 is used for the air bag means 11 and a microcomputer is used for the control unit 61.
[0020]
FIG. 4 is used for the rear suspension of a rear biaxial vehicle of the present invention as applied to a tandem axle trunnion type rear suspension 47 of a heavy truck 40 using a drive wheel axle 42 and an idler wheel axle 43. 7 schematically shows a specific example 70 of the axial load distribution method and apparatus. The axle load distribution method and apparatus 70 is supported by frames 41, 41 so that a load can be applied to the idler wheel axle 43 in the lifting direction, and the bladder means 11 is connected to the air pressure source 12. Between the pressure damper 15 and the high pressure setting valve 13, the pressure damper 15 disposed in the middle of the pneumatic pipe 26, the high pressure setting valve 13 disposed on the upstream side of the pressure damper 15 of the pneumatic piping 26, A low pressure setting valve 14 disposed in the middle of a low pressure side branch pipe 27 branched from the pneumatic pipe 26 and an exhaust pressure side branch pipe 28 branched from the pneumatic pipe 26 between the pressure damper 15 and the high pressure setting valve 13. The branch pipes 27 and 28 are branched upstream of the exhaust pressure setting valve 16 disposed in the middle and the pressure damper 15 of the pneumatic pipe 26. The low pressure side branch pipe 27 of the low pressure side branch pipe 27 is connected to the downstream side of the low pressure setting valve 14, and the high pressure setting valve 13 side and the low pressure setting valve 14 are connected according to the operation of the axle load changeover switch 24. The high-low pressure switching valve 17 that enables switching connection to the pressure damper 15 and the exhaust pressure setting valve 16 of the exhaust pressure side branch pipe 28 disposed downstream of the pressure damper 15 of the pneumatic pipe 26. The exhaust pressure is connected to the downstream side, and the high pressure setting valve-low pressure setting valve 13, 14 side and the exhaust pressure setting valve 16 side are switched to the air bag means 11 in accordance with the operation of the key switch 25. And a plurality of pressure values 6.0 kgf determined in advance according to the loading state and traveling conditions of the truck 40. cm ² 3.7 kgf / cm ² The air bag means 11 is caused to generate a load by utilizing the pressure that can be changed to any one of the above, and the generated load is applied to the idler wheel axle 43 in the lifting direction. Of course, when the truck 40 starts with relatively heavy load or heavy load, or when traveling on a normal road in the loaded state, the axle load distribution method and device 70 is provided with the air bag means 11. The exhaust pressure is 0.5kgf / cm ² Do not perform the function of moving the axle weight in the state of.
[0021]
This axle distribution method and apparatus 70 also uses its axle hanger 19 for its bladder means 11.
[0022]
FIG. 5 is used for the rear suspension of a rear biaxial vehicle of the present invention as applied to a tandem axle trunnion type rear suspension 47 of a heavy truck 40 using a drive wheel axle 42 and an idler wheel axle 43. 80 schematically shows a specific example 80 of the axial load distribution method and apparatus. The axle load distribution method and device 80 is supported by the frames 41, 41 so as to allow the idler wheel axle 43 to act on the idle wheel axle 43 in the lifting direction, and to connect the air bladder means 11 to the air pressure source 12. Between the pressure damper 15 and the high pressure setting valve 13, the pressure damper 15 disposed in the middle of the pneumatic pipe 26, the high pressure setting valve 13 disposed on the upstream side of the pressure damper 15 of the pneumatic piping 26, A low pressure setting valve 14 disposed in the middle of a low pressure side branch pipe 27 branched from the pneumatic pipe 26 and an exhaust pressure side branch pipe 28 branched from the pneumatic pipe 26 between the pressure damper 15 and the high pressure setting valve 13. The branch pipes 27 and 28 are branched upstream of the exhaust pressure setting valve 16 disposed in the middle and the pressure damper 15 of the pneumatic pipe 26. The low pressure side branch pipe 27 of the low pressure side branch pipe 27 is connected to the downstream side of the low pressure setting valve 14, and the high pressure setting valve 13 side and the low pressure setting valve 14 side can be switched and connected to the pressure damper 15. The high-low pressure switching valve 17 is connected to the downstream side of the exhaust pressure setting valve 16 of the exhaust pressure side branch pipe 28 disposed downstream of the pressure damper 15 of the pneumatic pipe 26 and the high pressure thereof. Exhaust pressure switching valve 18 that enables switching connection between the setting valve-low pressure setting valve 13, 14 side and the zero air 0 setting valve 16 side to the air bag means 11, the axle load signal of the axle load sensor 62 and the key switch 25 And a control unit 61 for operating the high-low pressure switching valve 17 and the exhaust pressure switching valve 18 in response to the operation signal of Then, a plurality of pressure 06.0kgf / cm which is previously determined according to the loading state and the running condition of the track 40 ² 3.7 kgf / cm ² The pressure that is changed by the control unit 61 is utilized to generate a load on the air bag means 11, and the generated load is applied to the idler axle 43 in the lifting direction. Of course, when the truck 40 starts with relatively heavy load or heavy load, or when traveling on a normal road in the loaded state, the axle load distribution method and device 80 is provided with the air bag means 11. The exhaust pressure is 0.5kgf / cm ² Do not perform the function of moving the axle weight in the state of.
[0023]
The axle load distribution method and apparatus 80 also uses the axle hanger 19 for the air bag means 11 and a microcomputer for the control unit 61.
[0024]
FIG. 6 is used for the rear suspension of a rear biaxial vehicle of the present invention as applied to a tandem axle trunnion type rear suspension 47 of a heavy truck 40 using a drive wheel axle 42 and an idler wheel axle 43. 1 schematically shows a specific example 90 of the axial load distribution method and apparatus. The axle load distribution method and apparatus 90 is supported by the frames 41, 41 so as to allow the idle wheel axle 43 to act on the idle wheel axle 43 in the lifting direction, and to connect the air bladder means 11 to the air pressure source 12. The pressure damper 15 disposed in the middle of the pneumatic piping 26, the electromagnetic pressure adjusting valve 91 disposed in the pneumatic piping 26 between the air pressure source 12 and the pressure damper 15, the shaft weight signal of the shaft weight sensor 62 and And a control unit 92 for operating the electromagnetic pressure regulating valve 91 in response to an operation signal of the key switch 25. The control unit 92 has its electromagnetic in accordance with the loading state and traveling conditions of the truck 40. The pressure adjusting valve 91 is operated to utilize the pressure that can be changed within a predetermined pressure value range to load the air bag means 11. To generate and apply the generated load in the lifting direction to the idler wheel axle 43. Of course, when the truck 40 starts with relatively heavy load or heavy load, or when traveling on a normal road in the loaded state, the axle load distribution method and device 90 is provided with the air bag means 11. The exhaust pressure is 0.5kgf / cm ² Do not perform the function of moving the axle weight in the state of.
[0025]
The electromagnetic pressure regulating valve 91 is a predetermined pressure value range (6.0 to 0.5 kgf / cm). ² ) In which the air pressure of the air pressure source 12 can be reduced continuously, in other words, in a stepless manner. Also in the axle load distribution method and apparatus 90, the axle hanger is used for the air bag means 11, and a microcomputer is used for the control unit 92.
[0026]
As will be apparent from the specific embodiments of the present invention described above with reference to the drawings, for those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains, It is easily embodied in another embodiment that derives from the nature and nature of the invention and that is objectively recognized as having them inherent. Of course, the content of this invention corresponds to the problem of the invention (be recommend with) and is essential for the establishment of the invention.
[0027]
[Benefits of the invention]
As can be understood from the above, the axle load distribution method used for the rear suspension of the rear two-shaft vehicle of the present invention has a load that utilizes pressure that can be changed to a plurality of predetermined pressure values applied to the rear rear axle. Since the axle load distribution device used in the rear suspension of the rear biaxial vehicle of the present invention is applied in the lifting direction, the air bag means is supported by the frame so that the load can be applied to the rear rear axle in the lifting direction. And a high pressure setting valve disposed in the middle of the pneumatic piping connecting the air bag means to the air pressure source, and a low pressure side branching tube branched from the downstream side of the high pressure setting valve of the pneumatic piping. A low pressure setting valve, a pressure damper arranged downstream of the low pressure setting valve of the low pressure side branch pipe, and an exhaust pressure side branch pipe branched from the downstream side of the high pressure setting valve of the pneumatic pipe An exhaust pressure setting valve arranged on the way, and a downstream side of the pressure damper of the low pressure side branch pipe arranged downstream of the branch point of the branch pipe of the pneumatic pipe, and a shaft weight changeover switch A high-low pressure switching valve that enables the high-pressure setting valve side and the low-pressure setting valve side to be switched and connected to the air bag means according to the operation of the pneumatic piping, and the high-low pressure switching valve downstream of the high-low pressure switching valve. Connect the downstream side of the exhaust pressure setting valve of the exhaust pressure side branch pipe, and switch the high pressure setting valve-low pressure setting valve side and exhaust pressure setting valve side to the air bag means according to the operation of the key switch And an exhaust pressure switching valve that enables connection. Therefore, in the axle load distribution method and apparatus used for the rear suspension of the rear biaxial vehicle of the present invention, The shared load is distributed within the allowable load range, so that the axle load of the drive wheel axle can be increased within the range that avoids overloading of each axle, and the driving force is secured when the vehicle is empty and lightly loaded. It is advantageous to prevent slippage of the drive wheel on bumpy roads, hills, and slippery roads, to avoid slipping of the drive wheel caused by the slip, and when traveling normally The vibration of the idler wheel axle is avoided, and as a result, it is very useful and practical for the rear two-shaft vehicle.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is used for the rear suspension of a rear biaxial vehicle according to the present invention, which is applied to a tandem axle type rear suspension of a large truck that uses a front axle after driving and a rear axle after driven on the rear two axles. FIG. 3 is a schematic side view partially showing a specific example of the axial load distribution method and apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a pneumatic circuit diagram showing the axle load distribution method and apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is used for the rear suspension of a rear biaxial vehicle according to the present invention, which is applied to a tandem axle type rear suspension of a large truck that uses a front axle after driving and a rear axle after driven on the rear two axles. FIG. 3 is a pneumatic circuit diagram showing a specific example of the axial load distribution method and apparatus.
FIG. 4 is used for the rear suspension of a rear biaxial vehicle according to the present invention, which is applied to a tandem axle type rear suspension of a large truck that uses a front axle after driving and a rear axle after driven on the rear two axles. FIG. 3 is a pneumatic circuit diagram showing a specific example of the axial load distribution method and apparatus.
FIG. 5 is used for the rear suspension of a rear biaxial vehicle according to the present invention, which is applied to a tandem axle type rear suspension of a large truck that uses a front axle after driving and a rear axle after driven on the rear two axles. FIG. 3 is a pneumatic circuit diagram showing a specific example of the axial load distribution method and apparatus.
FIG. 6 is used for the rear suspension of a rear biaxial vehicle according to the present invention, which is applied to a tandem axle type rear suspension of a large truck that uses a front axle after driving and a rear axle after driven on the rear two axles. FIG. 3 is a pneumatic circuit diagram showing a specific example of the axial load distribution method and apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
11 Air bag means / Air bellows
13 High pressure setting valve / pressure reducing valve
14 Low pressure setting valve / pressure reducing valve
15 Pressure damper / surge tank
16 Exhaust pressure setting valve / Reducing valve
17 High-low pressure switching valve / cut valve-solenoid valve
18 Exhaust pressure switching valve / cut valve-solenoid valve
24 Axle load changeover switch
25 Key switch

Claims

The pressure that can be changed to the pressure values of high pressure, low pressure, and exhaust pressure determined in advance using the high pressure setting valve, low pressure setting valve, and exhaust pressure setting valve is a frame that uses the high-low pressure switching valve and exhaust pressure switching valve. The rear biaxial vehicle is switched and connected to the side air bag means and generates a load on the air bag means, and the generated load is applied to the rear rear axle by the air bag means in the lifting direction. -Axial load distribution method used for suspension.

2. The axle load distribution method used for a rear suspension of a rear two-axle vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the pressure is manually changed to any one of predetermined pressure values of high pressure, low pressure and exhaust pressure.

2. The axle load used for the rear suspension of the rear two-wheel vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the pressure is changed to any one of the predetermined high pressure, low pressure and exhaust pressure values according to the load capacity. Distribution method.

The pressure that can be changed according to the load in the range of pressure values of high pressure, low pressure, and exhaust pressure determined in advance using the high pressure setting valve, low pressure setting valve, and exhaust pressure setting valve is the high-low pressure switching valve and exhaust pressure. A switching valve is used to switch and connect to the air bag means on the frame side, and a load is generated on the air bag means, and the generated load is applied to the rear rear axle by the air bag means in the lifting direction. Axial load distribution method used for the rear suspension of rear two-axle vehicles.

Air bag means supported by the frame and capable of acting on the rear axle in the lifting direction, a high-pressure setting valve disposed in the middle of the pneumatic piping connecting the air bag means to the air pressure source, and the pneumatic piping A low pressure setting valve disposed in the middle of the low pressure side branch pipe branched from the downstream side of the high pressure setting valve, a pressure damper disposed downstream of the low pressure setting valve of the low pressure side branch pipe, and the pneumatic piping thereof An exhaust pressure setting valve disposed in the middle of an exhaust pressure side branch pipe branched from the downstream side of the high pressure setting valve, and a low pressure side branch pipe disposed downstream of the branch portion of the branch pipe of the pneumatic pipe The downstream side of the pressure damper is connected, and the high pressure setting valve side and the low pressure setting valve side can be switched and connected to the air bag means according to the operation of the axle load changeover switch. A high-low pressure switching valve and a downstream of the high-low pressure switching valve of the pneumatic piping connected to the downstream side of the exhaust pressure setting valve of the exhaust pressure side branch pipe, and operation of the key switch Depending on the high pressure setting valve-shaft weight distribution used for the rear suspension of the rear two-axle vehicle including an exhaust pressure switching valve that enables switching between the low pressure setting valve side and the exhaust pressure setting valve side to the air bag means apparatus.

The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the air bag means is an air bellows.

6. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-wheel vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the air bag means is an air spring.

6. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-axle vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the air bag means applies a load to the rear axle in the lifting direction thereafter using an axle hanger.

6. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the high pressure setting valve is a pressure reducing valve.

6. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the low pressure setting valve is a pressure reducing valve.

The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of the rear two-axle vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the pressure damper is a surge tank.

6. The axle load distribution device used for a rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the exhaust pressure setting valve is a pressure reducing valve.

6. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the high-low pressure switching valve is a combination of a cut valve and a solenoid valve.

The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the exhaust pressure switching valve is a combination of a cut valve and an electromagnetic valve.

Air bag means supported by the frame and capable of acting on the rear axle in the lifting direction, a high-pressure setting valve disposed in the middle of the pneumatic piping connecting the air bag means to the air pressure source, and the pneumatic piping A low pressure setting valve disposed in the middle of the low pressure side branch pipe branched from the downstream side of the high pressure setting valve, a pressure damper disposed downstream of the low pressure setting valve of the low pressure side branch pipe, and the pneumatic piping thereof An exhaust pressure setting valve disposed in the middle of an exhaust pressure side branch pipe branched from the downstream side of the high pressure setting valve, and a low pressure side branch pipe disposed downstream of the branch portion of the branch pipe of the pneumatic pipe A high-low pressure switching valve for connecting the downstream side of the pressure damper to the air bag means and switching the high pressure setting valve side and the low pressure setting valve side to the air bag means; Disposed downstream of the high-low pressure switching valve of the atmospheric pressure pipe and connected to the downstream side of the exhaust pressure setting valve of the exhaust pressure side branch pipe, and the high pressure setting valve-low pressure setting valve side and the exhaust pressure setting valve Exhaust pressure switching valve that enables switching to the air bag means and control to operate the high-low pressure switching valve and exhaust pressure switching valve according to the axle load signal of the axle load sensor and the operation signal of the key switch -Axial load distribution device used for the rear suspension of rear two-axle vehicles including the unit.

16. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-wheel vehicle according to claim 15, wherein the air bag means is an air bellows.

The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 15, wherein the air bag means is an air spring.

The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of the rear two-axle vehicle according to claim 15, wherein the air bag means applies the load to the rear axle in the lifting direction using an axle hanger.

The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle according to claim 15, wherein the high-pressure setting valve is a pressure reducing valve.

The axle load distribution device used for a rear suspension of a rear two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 15, wherein the low pressure setting valve is a pressure reducing valve.

The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of the rear two-axle vehicle according to claim 15, wherein the pressure damper is a surge tank.

The axle load distribution device used for a rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle according to claim 15, wherein the exhaust pressure setting valve is a pressure reducing valve.

The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle according to claim 15, wherein the high-low pressure switching valve is a combination of a cut valve and a solenoid valve.

16. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-axle vehicle according to claim 15, wherein the control unit is a microcomputer.

Air bag means supported by the frame and capable of acting on the rear axle in the lifting direction, a pressure damper disposed in the middle of the pneumatic piping connecting the air bag means to the air pressure source, and the pneumatic piping A high-pressure setting valve arranged upstream of the pressure damper, a low-pressure setting valve arranged in the middle of the low-pressure side branch pipe branched from the pneumatic pipe between the pressure damper and the high-pressure setting valve, and the pressure damper and An exhaust pressure setting valve arranged in the middle of the exhaust pressure side branch pipe branched from the pneumatic pipe between the high pressure setting valves, and upstream of the pressure damper of the pneumatic pipe and downstream of the branch point of the branch pipe Arranged to connect the low pressure side of the low pressure side branch pipe to the downstream side of the low pressure setting valve, and depending on the operation of the axle load changeover switch, the high pressure setting valve side and A high-low pressure switching valve that enables switching connection of the pressure setting valve side to the pressure damper, and a downstream side of the exhaust pressure setting valve of the exhaust pressure side branch pipe disposed downstream of the pressure damper of the pneumatic piping A rear biaxial vehicle including an exhaust pressure switching valve that is connected and can switch and connect the high pressure setting valve-low pressure setting valve side and the exhaust pressure setting valve side to the air bag means according to the operation of the key switch Axial weight distribution device used for rear suspensions.

26. The axle load distribution device used for a rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle according to claim 25, wherein the air bag means is an air bellows.

26. The axle load distribution device used for a rear suspension of a rear two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 25, wherein the air bag means is an air spring.

26. The axle weight distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-axle vehicle according to claim 25, wherein the air bag means applies the load to the rear axle in the lifting direction using an axle hanger.

26. The axle load distribution device used for a rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle according to claim 25, wherein the high pressure setting valve is a pressure reducing valve.

26. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle according to claim 25, wherein the low pressure setting valve is a pressure reducing valve.

26. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-axle vehicle according to claim 25, wherein the pressure damper is a surge tank.

26. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle according to claim 25, wherein the exhaust pressure setting valve is a pressure reducing valve.

26. The axle weight distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle according to claim 25, wherein the high-low pressure switching valve is a combination of a cut valve and a solenoid valve.

The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle according to claim 25, wherein the exhaust pressure switching valve is a combination of a cut valve and an electromagnetic valve.

Air bag means supported by the frame and capable of acting on the rear axle in the lifting direction, a pressure damper disposed in the middle of the pneumatic piping connecting the air bag means to the air pressure source, and the pneumatic piping A high-pressure setting valve arranged upstream of the pressure damper, a low-pressure setting valve arranged in the middle of the low-pressure side branch pipe branched from the pneumatic pipe between the pressure damper and the high-pressure setting valve, and the pressure damper and An exhaust pressure setting valve arranged in the middle of the exhaust pressure side branch pipe branched from the pneumatic pipe between the high pressure setting valves, and upstream of the pressure damper of the pneumatic pipe and downstream of the branch point of the branch pipe Arranged to connect the low pressure setting valve downstream side of the low pressure setting valve and the high pressure setting valve side and the low pressure setting valve side to the pressure damper. A high-low pressure switching valve that enables switching connection to the pressure pipe, and the downstream side of the pressure damper of the pneumatic pipe connected to the downstream side of the exhaust pressure setting valve of the exhaust pressure side branch pipe, and its high pressure setting Valve-Exhaust pressure switching valve that enables switching connection between the low pressure setting valve side and the exhaust pressure setting valve side to the air bag means, and its high-low pressure according to the axle load signal of the axle load sensor and the key switch operation signal A axle load distribution device used for a rear suspension of a rear two-axle vehicle including a switching unit and a control unit for operating an exhaust pressure switching valve.

36. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle according to claim 35, wherein the air bag means is an air bellows.

36. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-wheel vehicle according to claim 35, wherein the air bag means is an air spring.

36. The axle weight distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-axle vehicle according to claim 35, wherein the air bag means applies the load to the rear axle in the lifting direction using an axle hanger.

36. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 35, wherein the high pressure setting valve is a pressure reducing valve.

36. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle according to claim 35, wherein the low pressure setting valve is a pressure reducing valve.

36. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-axle vehicle according to claim 35, wherein the pressure damper is a surge tank.

36. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 35, wherein the exhaust pressure setting valve is a pressure reducing valve.

36. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-shaft vehicle according to claim 35, wherein the high-low pressure switching valve is a combination of a cut valve and a solenoid valve.

36. The axle load distribution device used for the rear suspension of a rear two-axle vehicle according to claim 35, wherein the control unit is a microcomputer.