JP4005612B2 - Snow melting equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a snow melting facility on a road surface near a tunnel entrance in a snowy region (including a frozen region), and particularly to a snow melting facility useful near a tunnel entrance in a mountain region. In this specification, “snow melting” includes “freezing prevention” and “snow melting equipment” is used in a broad concept including “freezing prevention equipment”.

Currently, in Japan, a car society no less than that of the West is blooming. Along with this, the road network has been developed throughout the country, and it is no longer an exception for mountainous areas.
By the way, many roads in mountainous areas are covered with snow in the winter, and in these winter mountainous tunnels, the road surface conditions inside and outside the tunnels change extremely, so that There are many car accidents. Specifically, there is almost no snow on the road surface inside the tunnel, while there is snow on the road surface outside the tunnel, and it is often difficult for the driver to control the car in places where the road surface condition changes suddenly. A car accident occurs.

In view of such circumstances, some proposals (inventions) have already been made regarding the provision of snow melting facilities at the entrances and exits of tunnels.
For example, as such a snow melting facility, a plurality of geothermal absorption pipes are deeply extended (embedded) from the tunnel wall surface in a direction perpendicular to the wall surface, and a snow melting pipe is buried under the tunnel entrance and exit. Then, the heat transfer medium (antifreeze, etc.) heated by the geothermal absorption pipe group is supplied to the snow melting pipe under the road surface of the tunnel entrance and exit, and the heat transfer medium radiated here is again absorbed into the geothermal heat. There is one configured to re-heat to the pipe for re-heating (see Patent Document 1).
JP-A-8-53807

  However, in the case of such a snow melting facility, it is necessary to embed a large number of pipes for absorbing geothermal heat deeply from the tunnel wall surface to the inside, so that the facility becomes large, the initial investment amount increases, Since the heat transfer medium leaks, the heat transfer medium must be additionally supplied periodically, and in reality, it cannot be used for a tunnel on a mountain road with a small traffic volume.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a current situation, and an object thereof is to provide a snow melting facility that is low in initial investment amount and running cost and is friendly to the environment.

The said subject can be solved by the snow melting equipment which consists of the following structures. That is,
In the snow melting facility according to the first aspect of the present invention, a road body comprising a space capable of passing water between a pavement board (also called a roadbed) arranged in a tunnel and a bedrock below the roadway is along the road surface in the tunnel. The water is introduced into the road body and heated in the road body, and the heated water is led to a pipe below the road surface near the tunnel to melt the snow on the road surface. In snow melting facilities,
The bedrock uses a bedrock that is exposed on the bottom surface during tunnel excavation, and the road body is constituted by a crushed stone layered on the bedrock.

Therefore, according to the snow melting facility according to the present invention, the spring water obtained in the tunnel, or when the spring water is insufficient, non-spring water (for example, water from a river near the tunnel, rain water, snow melting, etc.) Water) is introduced into the body below the pavement board in the tunnel, and the water heated by the bedrock having a high temperature of about 10 ° C. to 15 ° C. in the severe cold season is below the road surface outside the tunnel entrance. If it is supplied to the pipe buried in the road, it is possible to melt the snow that is about to accumulate on the road surface effectively. In such a case, using the bedrock exposed at the time of tunnel excavation, the road body formed with crushed stones formed thereon, and the pavement board formed on the road body, the surface of which is the road surface, Introduce spring water or river water into the roadway between the bedrock and heat it. Since this heating is performed using the geothermal heat of the bedrock which can be said to be infinite, heating the water in the road body does not substantially reduce the heating capability with time. In addition, the road body is an essential component on a normal road, and has a large volume and is filled with crushed stone. As a result, fluid resistance is generated and water flows down at a slow speed. It works extremely effectively as a space for heating.
Therefore, the snow melting facility constructed in this way is a useful snow melting facility that always exhibits a constant snow melting ability without being greatly affected by the outside air temperature, and has an extremely low initial investment amount and running cost. In addition, as the heat medium for melting snow, spring water, river fresh water, rainwater, etc. are used. Therefore, even if fresh water leaks from pipes installed under the road surface outside the tunnel, any environmental pollution will occur. I don't have to.

  In the snow melting facility, at least a part of the water guided to the road body may be non-spring water, and in such a case, the operation is performed even when the amount of spring water in the tunnel is insufficient. Possible snow melting equipment.

  In the snow melting facility, the road body is formed to be inclined along the road surface in the tunnel so as to be lowered toward the tunnel exit or entrance, and the supplied water is formed to be inclined. If the water is supplied from the upstream part of the road body and flows naturally through the road body toward the tunnel exit or entrance, the water is gradually heated when the water naturally flows, and the outside of the tunnel is required. This is a preferred embodiment in that it can be supplied to a pipe embedded under the road surface. Moreover, the power for passing water through the road body is unnecessary.

  Further, in the snow melting facility, if at least one water tank is formed as an auxiliary heating device in the middle of the road body that is inclined along the road surface in the tunnel, it is heated by the bedrock. The total time can be increased and heating can be performed so as to match the temperature required for melting snow. The water tank may be below or on the side of the road body.

Further, in the snow melting facility, when the water that has passed through the pipe buried under the road surface outside the tunnel is again guided to the road body in the tunnel to be heated and used again for snow melting, Even if it is a snow melting facility that uses non-spring water with little water, the thermal efficiency of the entire facility can be increased. In other words, non-spring water, which has a relatively low temperature compared to spring water, is heated in the road once and then used cyclically in the snow melting facility. The thermal efficiency of the entire facility is almost the same as when using spring water. As a result, it is possible to realize a snow melting facility that functions effectively even in severe cold season. In addition, since the water generated as a result of snow melting can also be used, it becomes a snow melting facility useful for tunnels in areas where there is little spring water or river water flow.
Also, as another snow melting facility, in the snow melting facility to melt the snow piled on the road surface by burying pipes under the road surface outside the tunnel,
A road body formed by excavating the rock mass downward is formed by a road body comprising a water-permeable space formed between a pavement board provided in the tunnel and the rock mass below the tunnel. It is also possible to have the inside of the road body so that the water is guided and heated, and the heated water is guided to the pipe to melt the snow on the road surface.

  If the snow melting facility tunnel is a mountain tunnel, the snow melting facility is effective.

  According to the present invention, by utilizing the tunnel-specific structure very effectively, and by forming a large contact area with the rock mass, the geothermal heat from the rock mass can be effectively absorbed and the spring water or the vicinity It is possible to melt snow by heating the running water of the river. Therefore, since the initial investment amount is small, the running cost can be reduced, and the construction is extremely simple, it is possible to realize a snow melting facility with high maintainability.

  Hereinafter, a case where the snow melting facility according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a mountain tunnel will be described more specifically and in detail.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the snow melting facility according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

  1 and 3, 1 is a tunnel, 2 (2A, 2B) is a road surface, and 3 (3A, 3B) is a pavement plate having the road surface 2 as a surface. In general, the road surface 2A in the tunnel 1 has a “single slope” inclined downward from one wellhead 1A toward the other wellhead 1B as shown in FIG. 1 (see the inclination angle α in FIG. 1), Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3, there is a so-called “both gradient” that is inclined downward on both sides from an intermediate portion (for example, a central portion) of the tunnel.

(Embodiment 1)
As shown in FIG. 2, the road surface 2B outside the tunnel 1 is formed on the surface of the pavement plate 3B, and the pipes 21 are arranged in a zigzag shape in plan view in the pavement plate 3B. The heated water passing through the pipe 21 is configured to melt or prevent freezing of snow to be accumulated on the road surface 2B. The arrangement state of the pipes 21 is not limited to a zigzag shape, and may be a lattice shape in a plan view, or may be arranged at random with high density.

Further, a road surface 2A is formed in the tunnel 1 continuously to the road surface 2B outside the tunnel 1, and the road surface 2A is formed by the surface of the pavement plate 3A.
Moreover, this pavement board 3A is generally formed of concrete, and below this pavement board 3A is provided a road body 4 formed by crushed stone 4a being rammed in layers. The road body 4 supports the paving plate 3A from below. In addition, both side surfaces of the road body 4 are surrounded by the following rock mass 5.
Further, below this road body 4, a bedrock 5 exposed upward when the tunnel 1 is excavated is located, and the road body 4 is supported on this bedrock 5 from below.
The road body 4 is a partition wall (invert concrete) 6 made of concrete or the like extending in the width direction of the tunnel 1 (the width direction of the road) at the positions of the wellheads 1A and 1B of the tunnel 1. It is partitioned. In the upper part of the partition wall 6 on the side of the wellhead 1B, the start end 21a of the pipe 21 opens toward the road body 4, and on the upper part of the partition wall 6 on the side of the wellhead 1A, the terminal end 21e of the pipe 21 is connected. It opens toward the body 4. The partition wall 6 has a function of blocking spring water from above the tunnel 1 and spring water from the bedrock 5 side with a predetermined water level in the road body 4.
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the end 21e of the pipe 21 embedded in the pavement plate 3B outside the tunnel 1 on the side of the wellhead 1B is connected to a pump P. The pipe 21 is connected to the start end 21a of the pipe 21 embedded in the pavement plate 3B outside the tunnel 1 on the wellhead 1A side. At this time, in practice, a space (tank) for storing water (not shown) is formed between the terminal end 21e of the pipe 21 and the pump P, and is configured to be pumped to the pipe 22 side. Although the pipe 22 is arranged outside the tunnel 1 in the drawing, it is desirable that the pipe 22 is actually arranged so as to pass through the road body 4.
Further, an opening (gap) (not shown) connected to the road body 4 is formed at the lower end of the outer wall 7 covering the upper part of the tunnel 1, and spring water flowing from the ground above the tunnel 1 along the outer wall 7 of the tunnel 1 is formed. It is configured to guide into the road body 4.

Thus, according to the snow melting equipment configured as described above, spring water from the ground above the tunnel 1 or from the side or from the rock mass 5 side is guided into the road body 4 from the opening (gap), The spring water naturally flows down along the slope of the road surface 2 </ b> A from the wellhead 1 </ b> A side toward the wellhead 1 </ b> B side through gravity in the road body 4. This natural flow of spring water flows down at a slow speed due to the fluid resistance of the crushed stone 4a in the road body 4. Then, during this natural flow, the spring water flowing through the road body 4 is gradually heated by the geothermal heat from the bedrock 5 below. And since the snow melting equipment concerning this invention is comprised so that a spring may flow naturally in the space (gap) formed in the road body 4 itself, the road body 4 itself is comprised by the crushed stone 4a. Since the fluid resistance is large, it flows slowly, absorbs the amount of heat from the bedrock 5 sufficiently, and gives large heat energy to the spring water. For this reason, even in the severe cold season, if the spring water is sufficient, it is possible to melt snow sufficiently in the area south of Tohoku. According to the experiment using the actual tunnel of the present inventor, according to the verification from the measurement data performed using the mountainous tunnel in the Chugoku region of Japan, when the outside air temperature is −4 ° C., the road body 4 When the spring water was allowed to flow naturally over a length of 700 m for 30 minutes, water at about 5.7 ° C. was heated to about 7.5 ° C.
And the water heated by the road body 4 in this way is first supplied to the pipe 21 embedded in the pavement plate 3B outside the tunnel 1 on the wellhead 1B side to heat the pavement plate 3B. Then, the snow to be accumulated on the road surface 2B is melted. Next, from the end 21e of the pipe 21 to the start end 21a of the pipe 21 embedded in the pavement plate 3B outside the tunnel 1 on the side of the wellhead 1A, it is supplied by the pump P via the pipe 22, The pavement board 3B outside the tunnel 1 is heated to similarly melt snow. At this time, in practice, a space for storing water (not shown) is formed between the end of the pipe 21 and the pump P, and the pipe is pumped to the pipe 22 side.
And the water which heated the pavement board 3B outside the tunnel 1 on the side of the tunnel 1A is supplied again from the end of the pipe 21 into the road body 4 from the tunnel 1A in the tunnel 1 and again in the road body 4 A series of repetitions of heating by geothermal heat from the bedrock 5 are performed to melt the snow to be accumulated on the road surface 2B outside the wellhead 1A and the wellhead 1B of the tunnel 1.

(Embodiment 2)
Next, a case where the tunnel 1 is implemented in a so-called “double-gradient” tunnel having the highest middle portion (in this embodiment, the central portion) will be described with reference to FIG.
Basically, it is the same as in the first embodiment, but in such a case, the spring water collected in the road body 4 passes through the road body 4 from the highest central portion 1M of the tunnel 1. The inside of the road body 4 naturally flows down to the side of the wellheads 1A and 1B on both sides. At this time, it flows down at a slow speed as in the case of the first embodiment, and is heated by the lower rock mass 5.
The heated water is supplied from the road body 4 of the tunnel 1 to the pipe 21 to melt the snow that is about to accumulate on the road surface 2B outside the tunnel 1A and the tunnel 1B.
In such a case, the water that contributed to snow melting is stored in a water storage space (tank) (not shown) in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and is sent to the central portion 1M of the tunnel 1 via the pump P and the pipe 22. It may be returned and reused. However, in the case of a tunnel with abundant spring water, or when the spring water is abundant, the spring water that has melted snow on the road surface 2B may be discarded in a gutter on the shoulder of the road. Good. In addition, the same reference number is attached | subjected about the structure of embodiment shown in FIG. 3 which is the same as that of FIG. 1, or respond | corresponds.

(Embodiment 3)
In the first and second embodiments, when the water used for melting snow is insufficient with only the spring water, as shown in FIG. 4, the running water from the river R in the vicinity of the tunnel 1 is pumped up by the pump P2, Even if it comprises so that it may supply in the road body 4, it becomes preferable embodiment. The other basic configurations are the same as those in FIG. 1, and the same or corresponding components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. Also in this embodiment, water discharged from the pipe 21 side is stored in a space (tank) for storing water (not shown) between the end 21e of the pipe 21 and the pump P. 22 is configured to be sent to the start end 21a side of the pipe 21 on the wellhead 1A side.
In the case of this embodiment, instead of running water from the river, non-spring water such as rainwater collected from roadside ditches, water obtained by melting snow, or the like can be used in an integrated manner. It may be configured to be used.

(Embodiment 4)
Further, when the heat energy applied in the road body 4 is insufficient compared to the energy required for melting snow, for example, as in the third embodiment, since the spring water is small, the flowing water of the river having a low temperature is used. If the road surface 2A (road body 4) in the tunnel 1 has a large slope and the natural flow speed is large, or if the total length of the tunnel 1 itself is short and the length of the road body 4 is short, FIG. As shown in the drawing, a partition wall 9 is provided and partitioned in the course of the natural flow of the road body 4, and a water reservoir 10 is formed by excavating the bedrock 5 downward adjacent to the partition wall 9. It is also a desirable configuration that water is retained in time within 10 and heated. In FIG. 5, 19 is a pipe for supplying water from the upstream path body 4 to the water storage tank 10, and 20 is a water passage hole formed in the partition wall 9 on the downstream side.
Such partition walls 9 and water reservoirs 10 may be formed in an appropriate number as necessary.
Further, the water storage tank 10 may be provided not adjacent to the side of the road body 4 but below the road body 4 or separated from the road body 4.

  In the case of the snow melting facility according to any of the above-described embodiments, the pavement plate 3 and the rock mass 5 and the road provided between the pavement plate 3 and the rock mass 5 are basically indispensable components for the conventional tunnel. By using the body 4 and passing water such as spring water or a river through the road body 4 (in the space of the road body 4), it is configured to be heated by geothermal heat from the lower rock mass 5 Therefore, it is possible to realize a snow melting facility with a small initial investment and an extremely low running cost.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used as snow melting equipment such as a road surface near a tunnel entrance.

It is the figure which modeled and showed the structure of the outline of the snow melting facility concerning the 1st Embodiment (Embodiment 1) of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of one wellhead vicinity of the tunnel shown in FIG. It is a figure which models and shows the structure of the outline of the snow melting facility in the tunnel of a form different from the tunnel shown in FIG. It is a figure which models and shows the structure of the outline of the snow melting equipment which draws water from the river near a tunnel and heats it when spring water is insufficient. It is a fragmentary perspective view which shows the structure of the outline of the water tank provided as an auxiliary heating apparatus in the middle of the path body.

Explanation of symbols

1 ... Tunnel
2B …… Road surface outside the tunnel
3. Pavement board
4 …… Road
5 ... Bedrock
21 …… Pipe (Pipe buried under the road surface outside the tunnel)

Claims (6)

A road body consisting of a space that allows water to flow between the pavement board arranged in the tunnel and the bedrock below it is formed along the road surface in the tunnel, and also guides water into the road body. In the snow melting facility that is configured to melt the snow on the road surface by heating the body and guiding this heated water to the pipe under the road surface near the tunnel,
  A snow melting facility characterized in that the bedrock utilizes a bedrock exposed on the bottom surface during tunnel excavation, and the road body is constituted by a crushed stone layered on the bedrock. . The snow melting facility according to claim 1, wherein the pavement board is made of concrete. A partition wall is provided in the middle of the natural flow of the road body to partition, and a water storage tank is formed by excavating a rock mass downward adjacent to the partition wall, and the water is heated in the water storage tank. The snow melting facility according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The snow melting facility according to claim 3, wherein a water passage hole for flowing water downstream is formed in the partition wall. The snow melting facility according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least a part of the water guided to the road body is non-spring water. In a snow melting facility that melts the snow piled on the road surface by burying pipes under the road surface outside the tunnel,
A road body formed by excavating the rock mass downward is formed by a road body comprising a water-permeable space formed between a pavement board provided in the tunnel and the rock mass below the tunnel. has within warmed direct the water into該路body, the water heated, is guided to the pipe, snow melting equipment, characterized by being configured to snow melting snow on the road surface.

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