JP3961214B2 - Combined processing machine - Google Patents

Combined processing machine Download PDF

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JP3961214B2
JP3961214B2 JP2000357124A JP2000357124A JP3961214B2 JP 3961214 B2 JP3961214 B2 JP 3961214B2 JP 2000357124 A JP2000357124 A JP 2000357124A JP 2000357124 A JP2000357124 A JP 2000357124A JP 3961214 B2 JP3961214 B2 JP 3961214B2
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grindstone
turret
turning
grinding
tool
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JP2002160133A (en
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卓史 西本
美知也 原
浩二朗 古川
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Okuma Corp
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Okuma Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本願発明は、一台の機械で旋削加工と研削加工を行えるようにした複合加工機に関する。詳しくは旋回割出可能なタレットと同方向の旋回中心で回転可能な砥石軸を設け旋削と研削とを同一機械で行えるようにした複合加工機に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、旋削加工と研削加工を同一機内で行う複合加工機には、砥石台と刃物台を別個に設けそれぞれの案内面で案内するタイプと、砥石台ユニットと刃物ユニットをタレット刃物台上に設けるタイプがある。
【0003】
本願発明に関係する従来技術は後者であって、実開平1−114240号公報および特開平3−228571号公報が知られている。特開平3−228571号公報は、方形のタレット刃物台の四隅に切削ユニット,砥石ユニット,計測ユニットを設けたものである。従ってタレット砥石台を旋回させ加工に適合したユニットを選択してワークを加工する。旋回割出し可能な砥石台に切削ユニットはと砥石ユニットを設けている点で共通しており、実開平1−114240号公報について以下説明する。
【0004】
実開平1−114240号公報に開示された技術を図5,図6,図7に示す。本考案は研削用砥石と旋削用の刃具とを砥石台上に取り付け、砥石で工作物を加工する位置と、旋削加工時に砥石と工作物が干渉しないように砥石台を旋回させて旋削工具で工作物を加工する位置との2位置に前記砥石台を旋回位置決めさせることにより、荒加工の旋削加工と仕上げ加工の研削加工とを行うようにしたものである。
【0005】
図5において、110は工作機械のベッドを示し、このベッド110上にはテーブル110上にはテーブル111が水平方向に摺動可能に載置され、サーボモータM1により送り制御されるようになっている。テーブル111上にはテーブル111の摺動方向に所定の間隔を有して主軸台112と心押台113が設置され、これら主軸台112と心押台113の両センタ間に工作物Wが回転可能に支持され、図略の主軸駆動モータによって回転駆動されるようになっている。また前記ベッド110上には旋回台116が水平面内で回転割出しし可能に載置され、この旋回台116上に砥石台115が前記テーブル111の摺動方向と交差する方向に摺動可能に載置され、サーボモータM2により送り制御されるようにより送り制御されるようになっている。砥石台115には研削用の砥石車117が回転可能に軸承され、また砥石台115の前部には旋削用の刃具118が取り付けられている。しかして砥石台115は旋回台116の回転割出しにより、砥石車117が工作物Wに対応する図5に示す角度位置と、刃具118が工作物Wに対応する図6に示す角度位置との2位置に割出しされるようになっている。
【0006】
主軸台112と心押台113との両センタ間に支持された工作物Wを旋削によって荒加工する場合には、砥石台115を図6に示すように所定角度回転割出しして砥石車117を工作物Wより退避させると同時に、旋削工具118を工作物Wに接近させる。しかる状態でテーブル111と砥石台115とをサーボモータM1,M2によって2軸同時制御して刃具118により工作物を所定形状に旋削加工する。
【0007】
続いて工作物Wを研削によって仕上げ加工する場合には、砥石台115を図5に示す角度位置に回転割出しして刃具118を工作物Wより退避させると同時に、砥石車117を工作物Wに接近させ、しかる状態でテーブル111と砥石台115とをサーボモータM1,M2によって2軸制御して砥石車117により工作物を研削加工する。
図7は本考案の他の実施例を示すもので、砥石車117と刃具118を砥石台115の旋回中心の点対称位置に配置し、砥石台115を往復台116上で180度回転割出しして旋削と研削とを行えるようにしたものである。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来技術で述べた複合加工機は、同一砥石台上に荒加工用切削工具と仕上げ加工用砥石とを併設しているため、砥石台の送り制御のみでは工作物と加工に関与する必要のない工具との干渉が生ずるので、これを避けるため荒加工時と仕上げ加工時にはその都度砥石台を旋回させる必要があるという問題を有していた。
一般的に切削加工は柔らかい材質の素材を大きな切屑で短時間に加工するのに適した加工法であり、研削加工は一般的に切削加工後の材料に熱処理を施し硬くした素材を微細な切屑で精密な加工をするのに適した加工法であった。
【0009】
従って加工機も前者は旋盤、後者は研削盤に代表されるようにそれぞれが工具や機械構成が特徴づけられ発展してきた。しかしながらこれまでの複合加工機は機械構成上の技術思想は上記の範囲を越えるものでなく、従来の刃物台と砥石台とを別々のユニットとして一つの機台内に導入し複合加工機を構成しているに過ぎない。そのため刃物台と砥石台を別々の案内面に設けたり、旋回する工具台上に刃物ユニットや砥石ユニットを設けているために機械の構成が大きくなり、複合加工機の製造コストの面で不利という問題がある。
また、旋回工具台を使用する場合には、旋削工具の取り付け本数を多くするためには旋回刃物台を多角形化する必要があり、機械構成も大きくなるので準備する切削工具の本数を多くできないという問題を有していた。
【0010】
一方最近では、ダイヤモンドやCBNの出現で、研削加工でしかできなかった熱処理後の高硬度な材質の加工が切削でも可能になってきている。また新しい工具の台頭で切削,研削加工の加工分野の拡大とそれぞれの加工領域に共通して使用可能な工具が開発され実用できる部品の領域も開拓されている。これらの新しい工具の特徴を生かした複合加工機が必要になってきている。
【0011】
特に量産加工部分では、ニアネットシェイプ形成法によって、極力最終形状に近い外形の形状寸法に作り、仕上げ加工のみを複合加工機で行う場合も多くなってきている。このような新しい加工法で対応できるように、切削・研削加工のいずれかの工程が適宜最終の機械上で選択できるコンパクトな複合加工機が供給されていないという問題を生じている。
【0012】
本発明は従来技術の有するこのような問題に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的とするところは砥石台の砥石軸と同方向に旋回中心を有し割出し可能に切削回転工具を装着できるタレットを設け、工作物を把持する主軸の回転を旋削用回転と研削用回転とを制御して旋削加工と研削加工を同一機台で可能とし、研削加工,切削加工の切り換え時に砥石台を旋回させることがなく、更に、タレット化による切削工具本数の増加,砥石軸とタレットを同一砥石台又は刃物台に設けて達成可能な多様な加工に迅速に対応できる複合加工機を提供する。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために本願の請求項1記載の発明は、先端に工作物保持手段を有する主軸を回転可能に支持する主軸台を設け、砥石軸に支持された研削加工用砥石と、前記砥石と刃物台本体との間に支承され前記砥石軸とほぼ同心の旋回中心で旋回可能なタレットと前記砥石回転駆動部と前記タレットを旋回位置決めするタレット駆動部とを備える複合刃物台を設け、前記タレットはその外周面が砥石外径よりも小径に形成され且つ研削加工時に研削側に割り出される前記切削工具を保持しない面が形成されており、前記タレットに取着する切削工具はタレット旋回時、工具先端の旋回軌跡が前記砥石外径よりも大径になるように支持されているものであり、前記主軸台及び前記複合刃物台を前記タレット及び前記主軸の旋回中心を含む平面で相対移動可能な移動手段を設けてなり、切削加工と研削加工とを可能としたものである。
【0014】
請求項1の発明によれば、砥石と砥石と刃物台本体との間にタレットとを同一の刃物台に設けて複合刃物台を構成し、かつ、砥石軸の軸心とタレット台の回転中心を略同心になるよう設けられている。タレットまたは砥石軸心と主軸を含む平面内で相対移動ができるようにワークと工具の送りが構成されている。ワークを加工するタレット刃物台の刃物と砥石車の外径部分とが隣接しており、旋削時の加工面と研削時の加工面が略同一の面となるのでそれぞれの加工をする際に相互間の干渉を避ける必要がある。そのため砥石車外径より大径位置に切削工具の刃先が突出する工具ホルダをタレットで割り出して切削加工を行い、研削加工をする際はタレットを旋回させて砥石車外径より旋削工具の刃先が小径となる工具を割り出すか、工具ホルダを取着しないタレットのポジションを割り出して研削加工に支障がないようにして加工するものである。
【0015】
請求項2に記載の発明は、前記刃物台が前記平面に直交する軸線周りで旋回可能に設けられているものである。
請求項2の発明によれば、前記複合刃物台にB軸回りの回転位置決め機能を付加することにより前記請求項1において記載した効果に加えプランジャ研削も可能となり研削加工における応用分野が拡大する。ここでB軸とは、円筒研削盤のXZ軸平面に直交する砥石台の旋回軸をいうものとする。
【0018】
請求項に記載の発明は、前記砥石のワークとの接触部位及びその近傍を除いて砥石外周を覆う第1カバーと、該第1カバー上に旋回可能に設けられ前記砥石のワークとの接触部位及びその近傍を覆う第2カバーとを設けてなり、タレット上の切削工具による加工時には第2のカバーにより砥石を覆うようになしたものである。
【0019】
請求項の発明によれば、旋削加工を行う際、砥石の前面はバイト刃先より小径の位置にあるとはいえ接近して存在する。そのため切粉が飛散し砥石に付着し、場合により砥石を損傷する恐れがある。これを防止するため砥石の第1カバーの一部即ち砥石の前面をカバーできる第2カバーを設けるようにしたものである。第2カバーを設けることにより、切削加工時の切粉飛散による砥石の損傷を防ぐことができる。
【0020】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明の実施の形態を図面にもとづいて説明する。
〔実施例1〕
図1は本発明の複合加工機の平面図で研削盤をベースに構成したものである。図2(a)は、砥石軸を軸承し、かつ砥石軸と同方向に旋回中心を有して割出し可能なタレットを砥石台に一体に設けてなる複合刃物台の砥石による研削加工の状態を示す図、(b)は複合刃物台の正面図で第2カバーを開いた場合である。図3(a)は前記複合刃物台のタレットに装着した切削工具による旋削加工の状態を示す図で、(b)は複合刃物台の正面図で第2カバーを閉じた場合である。
【0021】
図1において、主軸台および刃物台をタレット及び主軸の旋回中心を含む平面内で相対移動させる移動手段は、ベッド10の長手方向Z軸案内面10aに載置されたテーブル11上に設けた主軸台12と心押台13及びX軸方向に移動可能に設けた複合加工刃物台とそれらの駆動装置を含む部材である。テーブル11はZ軸方向に移動台駆動装置のモータ22により送り制御される。主軸台12のチャック12bと心押台13の間で工作物Wが回転可能に支持され、主軸台12に回転可能に軸承した主軸12aは主軸台12に設けた主軸駆動装置により主軸モータ29を研削時の低速回転と切削時の高速回転とに回転制御可能である。またベッド10上には複合刃物台15が、テーブル11の移動方向と交差するX軸方向案内面10bに摺動可能に第2移動台28上に載置され、移動台駆動装置のモータ23により送り制御される。
【0022】
複合刃物台15は、研削加工用の砥石17および切削加工用の複数の切削工具18を取着したタレット19からなる工具部分および砥石17を支持する砥石軸23の砥石軸駆動部25とタレット19を旋回させて位置決めするタレット駆動部26とから構成されている。砥石軸24の軸端に設けられた砥石17と複合刃物台15の中間に、砥石17に近接して砥石軸24の軸心と同方向に旋回中心を有し砥石軸を軸承する複合刃物台15の本体に旋回可能にタレット19が支承されている。タレット1の外周面は砥石の前面17aより小径に形成されている。またタレット19に工具ホルダ14を固着し切削工具18を設定した際に、割り出しのため旋回させたとき切工具18の刃先の旋回軌跡が砥石の前面17aより大径になるよう保持されており、かつタレット19の外周の一部に工具ホルダ14を取着しない場合または切削工具18を保持しないようにする場合が可能に構成されている。
【0023】
砥石軸24は、軸端に外径が大きく高速回転する砥石17を設け、回転精度も極めて良好なものが必要とされるので、この点に配慮がされ軸の直径,長さおよび軸径の形式が選定される。軸受にはマッケンゼン型メタルを高精度のころがり軸受と併用するなど高精度を達成することが行われている。砥石軸24は前記軸受と一体にスリーブに組み込みユニット化して複合刃物台15に組み付けることもできる。一端に砥石17を組み付けた砥石軸24の他端に砥石軸を駆動する砥石軸駆動部25が複合刃物台15の本体に設けられている。砥石軸24には直結またはベルトを介して制御された回転数が伝達される。
【0024】
タレット19は砥石17と複合刃物台15の本体との中間又は本体を中にして設けることができる。いずれにせよタレット19は旋回可能に本体に支承され、タレットと本体のそれぞれに対向して設けられたカービックカップリングにより割出し位置が規定される。複合刃物台15の場合、タレット19の軸方向移動と旋回駆動はタレット19の外周から付与される。
【0025】
例えばタレット19は常に前記本体方向に周囲に設けたばねで付勢されており、カービックカップリングで割出されて位置決めされている。旋回に先立ちカービックカップリングとの係合を解除するためタレット19を砥石17の方向に移動させる。このためにはパワーシリンダ機能を複合刃物台の外周部分に複数個所に設け、タレットと一体のカービックギヤを砥石方向に突出して分離するように作用させれば良い。係合解除後、タレット17の外周の一部に全周にわたり形成した歯車の歯と、本体上に設けたタレット駆動部26の出力軸に設けたピニオンとの噛み合いにより所定角度旋回させるようにしてタレット19を所定の工具ホルダ14の位置に割出すことができる。
【0026】
砥石17には、砥石保護カバーとして砥石前面が開口した第1カバー20が設けられる。砥石前面には切削加工時には開口部からの切粉の浸入で砥石17が損傷しないよう第1カバー20の前面に蝶番27で開閉可能に第2カバー21が設けられている。第2カバー21の開閉および固定は図示しないが手動またはパワーシリンダ等の動力を使用した自動開閉と固定が可能である。
砥石とタレットの回転中心方向を同方向としかつ近接させて設けることをこれまで説明したが砥石とタレットの回転中心を共有しかつ複合刃物台の両側端に砥石とタレットとを分離して設けることも可能である。
【0027】
附属する装置として、ベッド10の前面に工作物Wの直接定寸装置31を、主軸台12に砥石修正用のドレッサ32を設けれることができる。
なお、本発明の複合加工機は、図1に示すように研削盤をベースにした構成で実施できるが、砥石台をサドルと中台に置き替え、主軸台と心押台をベッド上に設けた旋盤をベースにした構成でも実施可能である。
また、主軸台がX軸、Z軸の両方に移動する或いは刃物台がX軸、Z軸の両方に移動するなどの軸構成を適宜変更することも可能である他、工作物が短いものである場合には心押台をないものとしたり、チャックに替えて心押センタを設けて両センタ支持とするなど適宜変更可能である。
【0028】
次に複合刃物台の作用を図2,図3にもとづき説明する。
図2(a)は、研削加工時の複合刃物台15と工作物Wとの位置関係を示し、(b)は複合刃物台の正面図である。図2(a)(b)において、砥石17の前面17aで工作物Wを加工する際は第2カバー21は手動または自動で開放され、ねじまたはピストンシリンダ部材等で固定される。タレット19は、工具ホルダ14が取着されていない面19aが工作物W側に向くよう割出されて位置決めされている。ベッド10上で案内される複合刃物台15(第2移動台)はモータ23で送り制御され、砥石軸24と工作物Wにそれぞれ研削時の所定回転数が付与され研削加工が行われる。所定回転数の研削加工終了ごとに砥石17をドレッサ32で外径を修正することができる。
【0029】
図3(a)は、旋削加工時の複合刃物台15と工作物Wとの位置関係を示し、(b)は複合刃物台の正面図である。図3(a)(b)において旋削加工が開始される前に、砥石17の前面17aを保護する第2カバー21は手動または自動で閉じられ、ねじまたはピストンシリンダ部材等で固定される。
タレット19は、所定の切削工具を工作物Wの加工位置に割出し位置決めして工作物Wに所定の旋削時の回転数を付して旋削が行われる。旋削加工は、タレット19に準備可能な切削工具の本数を多くすることが可能である。
また、内研ユニット,ドリルユニット等の加工ユニットを装着して加工の多様化,多機能化が図れる。図2で説明した研削加工および図3で説明した旋削加工の際に適宜工作物Wを直接定寸装置31を用いて計測し所定寸法の製品を得ることができる。
【0030】
研削加工中には、タレット19の割出した一面19aが砥石17の前面17aより砥石17の中心方向に後退していることが要件である。そのためには、砥石17の前面17aに近い位置に割出されているタレット19には、工具ホルダ14を取着しないようにして工作物Wとの干渉を避けるようにする。研削加工中はタレット19の旋回は一切禁止される。砥石17の外径寸法が大きい場合はタレット19の割出し数を多くできるので取着可能な工具本数も増える。その場合には、タレット上の連続した複数の工具取着面を工具非取着とし、研削加工時にこの非取着面の中間位置を割り出すことで干渉を避けることができる。また、実施例1の複合刃物台15を設けた複合加工機では研削加工と切削加工とを切り換える際に砥石面17aをその都度旋回させることなく加工能率を変更することができるのも特徴である。なお、実施例1は研削盤をベースに複合加工機を構成しているがベースとなる機械を研削盤に限定するものではない。
【0031】
〔実施例2〕
図4は実施例1の複合刃物台15に旋回機能を付与した旋回複合刃物台16である。本実施例は、複合刃物台15に替えて旋回複合刃物台を有する。砥石軸24と主軸12aの軸線をθ度に形成してアングル研削盤をベースとした複合加工機で、旋回複合刃物台16はX−Z軸に垂直なB軸中心に旋回位置決め可能である。研削加工と旋削加工時の基本的な構成は実施例1と実施例2は共通であり説明は省略する。
本実施例においても砥石欠落時の危険防止のための砥石カバーである第1カバー20と、切削時の切粉飛散対策としての開閉自在でかつ固定できる第2カバー21が設けられている。
【0032】
次に旋回複合刃物台を設けた実施例2の複合加工機の作用について説明する。実施例1に対し砥石17とタレット19が所定の角度θだけ工作物Wの軸線に対し傾いているのでアングル砥石を砥石軸23に装着してプランジ研削が可能である。本実施例においても研削加工と切削加工とを切り換える際にその都度砥石軸23を旋回させる必要がない点が特徴となっている。
【0033】
【発明の効果】
本発明の複合加工機は上述の通り構成されているので次に記載する効果を奏する。
請求項1記載の複合加工機は、砥石と、砥石軸と同方向の旋回中心を有し割出し可能な切削工具用タレットが砥石と刃物台本体との間にコンパクトに設けられ、それぞれの駆動部が複合刃物台にコンパクトに構成されている。また、工作物を把持し研削用・旋削用に対応するよう主軸の回転数制御を行っているので研削加工と旋削加工の両機能を有し両加工間の切り換えが簡単であるにもかかわらず機械の全体寸法の小形化が可能となった。
また砥石軸のスリーブと同方向に旋回中心をほぼ同心に有し割出し可能に設けたタレットに準備できる切削工具の種類と本数の増加、またはタレット上にドリルユニット,内研ユニットの取着により複合加工の機能が拡大された。また研削加工と切削加工とを切り換える際に複合刃物台のB軸中心の旋回が不要となった。
【0034】
請求項2記載の複合加工機は、アングル研削盤をベースマシンとして、X軸方向のみの送り制御がされる複合刃物台に替え、X軸の送り制御とB軸送りで旋回制御可能な旋回複合刃物台を有する複合加工機としたので、アングル砥石を装着することによりプランジャ研削加工とタレットによる切削加工が可能な複合加工が可能となった。
【0036】
請求項記載の複合加工機は請求項1又は請求項記載の複合加工機に砥石安全カバーとしての第1カバーに付加して切削時の切粉飛散による砥石保護カバーとして開閉自在であり、かつ固定可能な第2カバーを設けたので、研削加工と旋削加工に際し継続して安全な作業が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例1の複合加工機の平面図である。研削盤をベースとし、砥石台に替えて砥石軸の軸心と旋回中心を同一方向に有するタレットを配設し構成した複合刃物台をベッド上に設けた複合加工機である。
【図2】(a)は本発明の実施例1におけるタレット刃物台の刃具を退避位置とした砥石による研削加工の状態を示す図、(b)は複合刃物台の正面図で第2カバーを開いた場合を示す図である。
【図3】(a)は本発明の実施例1における複合刃物台のバイトの刃先を砥石外径より突出する位置としたバイトによる旋削加工の状態を示す図、(b)は複合刃物台の正面図で第2カバーを閉じた場合を示す図である。
【図4】本発明の実施例2における旋回複合刃物台のアングル砥石と工作物の位置説明図である。
【図5】従来技術の複合加工機で、仕上げ加工を砥石で行う割出し位置説明図である。
【図6】図5の複合加工機で前工程の荒加工を切削で行う割出し位置説明図である。
刃物台を旋回させて砥石と工作物とが干渉しない位置を切削加工位置としている。
【図7】図5の砥石台において砥石と刃具を旋回中心に対し点対称に配置して180度旋回で旋削と研削可能な工具配置説明図である。
【符号の説明】
10 ベッド 11 テーブル
12 主軸台 13 心押台
14 工具ホルダ 15 複合刃物台
16 旋回複合刃物台
17 砥石 18 切削工具
19 タレット 20 第1カバー
21 第2カバー 22,23 モータ
24 砥石軸 25 砥石軸制御部
26 タレット駆動部
27 蝶番 28 移動台
31 直接定寸装置
32 ドレッサ
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a multi-task machine capable of performing turning and grinding with a single machine. More specifically, the present invention relates to a multi-tasking machine provided with a grindstone shaft that can rotate around a turning center in the same direction as a turn indexable turret so that turning and grinding can be performed by the same machine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in a multi-tasking machine that performs turning and grinding in the same machine, a type in which a grindstone stand and a tool post are separately provided and guided by respective guide surfaces, and a grindstone stand unit and a tool unit are provided on the turret tool post. There are types.
[0003]
The prior art related to the present invention is the latter, and Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 1-114240 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-228571 are known. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-228571 discloses a cutting unit, a grindstone unit, and a measuring unit provided at four corners of a square turret tool post. Therefore, the workpiece is machined by turning the turret wheel head and selecting a unit suitable for machining. The cutting unit is common to the grindstone table that can be indexed by turning, and the grindstone unit is provided in common.
[0004]
The technology disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 1-114240 is shown in FIGS. The present invention attaches a grinding wheel and turning tool to a grinding wheel base, and uses a turning tool to rotate the grinding wheel base so that the grinding wheel and workpiece do not interfere with each other during the turning process. By rotating and positioning the grindstone table at two positions, that is, a position where the workpiece is machined, roughing turning and finishing grinding are performed.
[0005]
In FIG. 5, reference numeral 110 denotes a machine tool bed. On the bed 110, a table 111 is placed so as to be slidable in the horizontal direction, and the feed is controlled by a servo motor M1. Yes. A headstock 112 and a tailstock 113 are installed on the table 111 with a predetermined interval in the sliding direction of the table 111, and the workpiece W rotates between both centers of the headstock 112 and the tailstock 113. It is supported so that it can be rotated by a spindle drive motor (not shown). Further, a swivel base 116 is placed on the bed 110 so as to be able to rotate and index in a horizontal plane, and a grindstone base 115 is slidable in a direction intersecting the sliding direction of the table 111 on the swivel base 116. The feed is controlled by being mounted and controlled by the servo motor M2. A grinding wheel 117 for grinding is rotatably supported on the grinding wheel base 115, and a cutting tool 118 for turning is attached to the front part of the grinding wheel base 115. Accordingly, the grinding wheel table 115 is indexed by the rotation of the swivel table 116, and the angular position shown in FIG. 5 where the grinding wheel 117 corresponds to the workpiece W and the angular position shown in FIG. Indexed to two positions.
[0006]
When the workpiece W supported between the centers of the headstock 112 and the tailstock 113 is roughed by turning, the grinding wheel base 115 is indexed by a predetermined angle as shown in FIG. Is retracted from the workpiece W, and at the same time, the turning tool 118 is moved closer to the workpiece W. In this state, the table 111 and the grindstone table 115 are simultaneously controlled by two servo motors M1 and M2, and the workpiece is turned into a predetermined shape by the blade 118.
[0007]
Subsequently, when the workpiece W is finished by grinding, the grinding wheel platform 115 is rotated and indexed to the angular position shown in FIG. 5 to retract the blade 118 from the workpiece W, and at the same time, the grinding wheel 117 is moved to the workpiece W. In this state, the table 111 and the grindstone table 115 are controlled in two axes by the servo motors M1 and M2, and the workpiece is ground by the grindstone 117.
FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the present invention. A grinding wheel 117 and a blade 118 are arranged at a point-symmetrical position of the turning center of the grinding wheel base 115, and the grinding wheel base 115 is indexed by 180 degrees on the carriage 116. Thus, turning and grinding can be performed.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Since the combined processing machine described in the prior art has a roughing cutting tool and a finishing grindstone on the same grindstone stand, it is not necessary to be involved in the workpiece and machining only by feed control of the grindstone stand. Since interference with the tool occurs, there is a problem that it is necessary to turn the grindstone table at each time of roughing and finishing to avoid this.
In general, cutting is a processing method suitable for processing soft materials with large chips in a short time. Grinding is generally performed by heat-treating the hardened material to make fine chips. It was a processing method suitable for precise processing.
[0009]
Accordingly, the processing machines have been developed with their tools and machine structures characterized as represented by the lathe in the former and the grinding machine in the latter. However, the conventional multi-task machines do not exceed the above-mentioned scope in terms of machine configuration, and the conventional tool rest and grinding wheel head are introduced as separate units in one machine stand to constitute a multi-task machine. I'm just doing it. For this reason, the turret and the grindstone table are provided on different guide surfaces, or the turret unit and the grindstone unit are provided on the rotating tool table, which increases the construction of the machine, which is disadvantageous in terms of the manufacturing cost of the compound processing machine. There's a problem.
In addition, when using a swivel tool table, it is necessary to make the swivel tool post polygonal in order to increase the number of turning tools, and the machine configuration becomes large, so the number of cutting tools to be prepared cannot be increased. Had the problem.
[0010]
On the other hand, recently, with the advent of diamond and CBN, machining of high-hardness materials after heat treatment, which could only be done by grinding, has become possible by cutting. In addition, with the rise of new tools, the machining field of cutting and grinding has been expanded, and tools that can be used in common with each machining area have been developed, and the areas of parts that can be put to practical use have been developed. There is a need for a multi-task machine that takes advantage of the features of these new tools.
[0011]
In particular, in the mass production processing part, there is an increasing number of cases in which the near net shape forming method is used to make the outer shape as close to the final shape as possible and only the finishing process is performed by a multi-task machine. In order to be able to cope with such a new processing method, there is a problem that a compact composite processing machine in which any one of the cutting and grinding processes can be appropriately selected on the final machine is not supplied.
[0012]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and the object of the present invention is to have a turning center in the same direction as the grinding wheel axis of the grinding wheel base and to which a cutting rotary tool can be mounted so as to be indexed. The rotation of the spindle that grips the workpiece is controlled by the rotation for turning and the rotation for grinding so that turning and grinding can be performed on the same machine, and the grindstone is turned when switching between grinding and cutting Furthermore, the present invention provides a multi-tasking machine capable of quickly responding to a variety of processing that can be achieved by increasing the number of cutting tools by turreting and providing a grinding wheel shaft and a turret on the same grinding wheel base or tool post.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 of the present application is provided with a spindle base for rotatably supporting a spindle having a workpiece holding means at the tip, and a grinding wheel for grinding that is supported by a grinding wheel shaft, A composite turret comprising a turret supported between a grindstone and a turret body and capable of turning at a turning center substantially concentric with the grindstone axis, the grindstone rotation driving portion, and a turret driving portion for turning and positioning the turret is provided. The outer surface of the turret has a smaller diameter than the outer diameter of the grindstone, and a surface that does not hold the cutting tool that is indexed to the grinding side during grinding is formed, and the cutting tool attached to the turret is a turret swivel when, which pivoting locus of the tool tip is supported so as to be larger in diameter than the grindstone outer diameter, the headstock and the composite tool rest comprising a turning center of the turret and the spindle Plane at will provided moving means relatively movable, it is obtained by allowing the cutting and grinding.
[0014]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the turret is provided in the same turret between the grindstone, the grindstone, and the turret body to form the composite turret, and the axis of the grindstone shaft and the rotation center of the turret base Is provided to be substantially concentric. The workpiece and the tool feed are configured so that relative movement can be performed within a plane including the turret or grindstone axis and the spindle. The turret tool post for machining the workpiece and the outer diameter part of the grinding wheel are adjacent to each other, and the machining surface during turning and the machining surface during grinding are substantially the same surface. It is necessary to avoid interference between them. Therefore, the tool holder from which the cutting edge of the cutting tool protrudes at a position larger than the outer diameter of the grinding wheel is indexed by the turret and cutting is performed. Or the position of the turret where the tool holder is not attached is determined so as not to interfere with the grinding process.
[0015]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the tool post is provided so as to be pivotable about an axis perpendicular to the plane.
According to the invention of claim 2, by adding a rotational positioning function around the B axis to the composite tool post, plunger grinding is possible in addition to the effect described in claim 1, and the application field in grinding is expanded. Here, the B-axis refers to the turning axis of the grindstone table that is orthogonal to the XZ-axis plane of the cylindrical grinding machine.
[0018]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first cover that covers an outer periphery of the grindstone except for a contact portion of the grindstone with the workpiece and the vicinity thereof, and a contact between the grindstone and the work that is provided on the first cover so as to be pivotable. A second cover that covers the part and the vicinity thereof is provided, and the grindstone is covered with the second cover during processing by the cutting tool on the turret.
[0019]
According to the invention of claim 3 , when performing the turning process, the front surface of the grindstone is close to the cutting edge although it is located at a smaller diameter than the cutting edge. For this reason, the chips may scatter and adhere to the grindstone, possibly causing damage to the grindstone. In order to prevent this, a second cover capable of covering a part of the first cover of the grindstone, that is, the front surface of the grindstone is provided. By providing the second cover, it is possible to prevent the grindstone from being damaged by chips scattered during the cutting process.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[Example 1]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a multi-tasking machine according to the present invention, which is constructed based on a grinding machine. FIG. 2 (a) shows a state of grinding with a grindstone of a composite tool post in which a grindstone shaft is supported and an indexable turret having a turning center in the same direction as the grindstone shaft is integrally provided on the grindstone table. FIG. 5B is a front view of the composite tool post when the second cover is opened. FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a state of turning by a cutting tool attached to the turret of the composite tool post, and FIG. 3B is a front view of the composite tool post when the second cover is closed.
[0021]
In FIG. 1, the moving means for relatively moving the headstock and the tool rest in a plane including the turret and the turning center of the main spindle is a main spindle provided on a table 11 placed on the longitudinal direction Z-axis guide surface 10a of the bed 10. This is a member including a base 12, a tailstock 13, and a combined machining tool post movably provided in the X-axis direction and their driving devices. The table 11 is feed-controlled in the Z-axis direction by the motor 22 of the moving table driving device. A workpiece W is rotatably supported between the chuck 12b of the headstock 12 and the tailstock 13, and the spindle 12a rotatably supported on the spindle stock 12 is driven by a spindle motor 29 provided on the spindle stock 12 by a spindle motor 29. Rotational control is possible for low-speed rotation during grinding and high-speed rotation during cutting. On the bed 10, the composite tool rest 15 is slidably mounted on the second moving table 28 on the X-axis direction guide surface 10 b intersecting the moving direction of the table 11, and is moved by the motor 23 of the moving table driving device. The feed is controlled.
[0022]
The composite tool post 15 includes a grindstone 17 for grinding and a turret 19 having a plurality of cutting tools 18 attached thereto, and a grindstone shaft drive unit 25 and a turret 19 for a grindstone shaft 23 that supports the grindstone 17. It is comprised from the turret drive part 26 which rotates and positions. A compound turret that has a turning center in the same direction as the axis of the grindstone shaft 24 in the middle of the grindstone 17 in the middle of the grindstone 17 and the composite turret 15 provided at the shaft end of the grindstone shaft 24. A turret 19 is supported by 15 main bodies so as to be pivotable. The outer peripheral surface of the turret 19 is formed with a smaller diameter than the front surface 17a of the grindstone. Further, when setting the cutting tool 18 to fix the tool holder 14 on the turret 19, the cutting edge of the turning trajectory of switching cutting tool 18 when pivoted for indexing are held to be larger in diameter than the front 17a of the grindstone The tool holder 14 is not attached to a part of the outer periphery of the turret 19 or the cutting tool 18 is not held.
[0023]
The grindstone shaft 24 is provided with a grindstone 17 having a large outer diameter and rotating at a high speed at the shaft end, and a very good rotational accuracy is required. Therefore, this point is taken into consideration and the shaft diameter, length and shaft diameter are determined. The format is selected. High precision is achieved by using a Mackensen type metal in combination with a high precision rolling bearing. The grindstone shaft 24 can also be incorporated into the sleeve integrally with the bearing and assembled into the composite tool post 15 as a unit. A grindstone shaft driving unit 25 for driving the grindstone shaft is provided on the main body of the composite tool post 15 at the other end of the grindstone shaft 24 with the grindstone 17 assembled at one end. A rotational speed controlled directly or via a belt is transmitted to the grindstone shaft 24.
[0024]
The turret 19 can be provided between the grindstone 17 and the main body of the composite tool rest 15 or with the main body in the middle. In any case, the turret 19 is supported by the main body so as to be able to turn, and the indexing position is defined by a Kirby coupling provided opposite to the turret and the main body. In the case of the composite tool post 15, the axial movement and the turning drive of the turret 19 are applied from the outer periphery of the turret 19.
[0025]
For example, the turret 19 is always urged by a spring provided around the body in the direction of the main body, and is indexed and positioned by a Kirbic coupling. Prior to turning, the turret 19 is moved in the direction of the grindstone 17 to release the engagement with the Kirvic coupling. For this purpose, a power cylinder function may be provided at a plurality of locations on the outer peripheral portion of the composite tool post so that the carburet integral with the turret protrudes in the grinding wheel direction and is separated. After the disengagement, the gear teeth formed on the entire circumference of the turret 17 and the pinion provided on the output shaft of the turret driving unit 26 provided on the main body are rotated by a predetermined angle. The turret 19 can be indexed to a predetermined tool holder 14 position.
[0026]
The grindstone 17 is provided with a first cover 20 whose front surface is opened as a grindstone protective cover. A second cover 21 is provided on the front surface of the grindstone so that it can be opened and closed by a hinge 27 on the front surface of the first cover 20 so that the grindstone 17 is not damaged by the intrusion of chips from the opening during cutting. Although the opening and closing and fixing of the second cover 21 are not shown, it can be manually opened or closed and fixed using power such as a power cylinder.
It has been explained so far that the center of rotation of the grindstone and the turret are provided in the same direction and close to each other. Is also possible.
[0027]
As an attached device, a direct sizing device 31 for the workpiece W can be provided on the front surface of the bed 10, and a dresser 32 for correcting a grindstone can be provided on the head stock 12.
The multi-tasking machine of the present invention can be implemented with a configuration based on a grinding machine as shown in FIG. 1, but the grindstone platform is replaced with a saddle and a middle platform, and the headstock and tailstock are provided on the bed. A configuration based on a lathe is also possible.
It is also possible to change the shaft configuration as appropriate, such as moving the headstock to both the X axis and Z axis or moving the tool rest to both the X axis and Z axis. In some cases, the tailstock can be changed as appropriate, for example, without a tailstock or by providing a tailstock center instead of the chuck to support both centers.
[0028]
Next, the operation of the composite tool post will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 2A shows the positional relationship between the composite tool rest 15 and the workpiece W during grinding, and FIG. 2B is a front view of the composite tool rest. 2 (a) and 2 (b), when the workpiece W is processed on the front surface 17a of the grindstone 17, the second cover 21 is opened manually or automatically and fixed with a screw or a piston cylinder member or the like. The turret 19 is indexed and positioned so that the surface 19a to which the tool holder 14 is not attached faces the workpiece W. The composite tool rest 15 (second moving base) guided on the bed 10 is feed-controlled by a motor 23, and a predetermined rotation speed is applied to the grindstone shaft 24 and the workpiece W respectively for grinding. The outer diameter of the grindstone 17 can be corrected by the dresser 32 every time the grinding process is completed at a predetermined rotational speed.
[0029]
FIG. 3A shows the positional relationship between the composite tool rest 15 and the workpiece W during turning, and FIG. 3B is a front view of the composite tool rest. Before the turning process is started in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the second cover 21 that protects the front surface 17a of the grindstone 17 is manually or automatically closed and fixed with a screw or a piston cylinder member or the like.
The turret 19 is turned by indexing and positioning a predetermined cutting tool at the processing position of the workpiece W and attaching the number of rotations to the workpiece W at a predetermined turning time. In the turning process, the number of cutting tools that can be prepared in the turret 19 can be increased.
In addition, machining units such as internal research units and drill units can be installed to diversify and make multifunctional. A workpiece having a predetermined dimension can be obtained by directly measuring the workpiece W using the sizing device 31 in the grinding process described with reference to FIG. 2 and the turning process described with reference to FIG.
[0030]
During grinding, it is a requirement that the indexed surface 19a of the turret 19 is retracted from the front surface 17a of the grindstone 17 toward the center of the grindstone 17. For this purpose, the tool holder 14 is not attached to the turret 19 that is indexed near the front surface 17a of the grindstone 17 so as to avoid interference with the workpiece W. During the grinding process, turning of the turret 19 is completely prohibited. When the outer diameter of the grindstone 17 is large, the number of turrets 19 can be increased, and the number of tools that can be attached is increased. In that case, a plurality of continuous tool attachment surfaces on the turret are not attached to the tool, and interference can be avoided by determining an intermediate position of the non-attachment surface during grinding. Further, the multi-tasking machine provided with the composite tool post 15 of the first embodiment is characterized in that the machining efficiency can be changed without turning the grindstone surface 17a each time when switching between grinding and cutting. . In the first embodiment, the multi-tasking machine is configured based on the grinding machine, but the machine serving as the base is not limited to the grinding machine.
[0031]
[Example 2]
FIG. 4 shows a swiveling composite tool rest 16 in which a swiveling function is added to the composite tool rest 15 of the first embodiment. The present embodiment has a swiveling composite tool rest instead of the composite tool rest 15. In a multi-tasking machine based on an angle grinder by forming the axes of the grindstone shaft 24 and the main shaft 12a at θ degrees, the swiveling composite tool post 16 can be swiveled and positioned about the B-axis center perpendicular to the X-Z axis. The basic configuration at the time of grinding and turning is the same as in the first and second embodiments, and the description thereof is omitted.
Also in this embodiment, there are provided a first cover 20 which is a grindstone cover for preventing danger when a grindstone is missing, and a second cover 21 which can be opened and closed and fixed as a measure against chip scattering during cutting.
[0032]
Next, the operation of the multi-task machine according to the second embodiment provided with the swivel composite tool post will be described. Since the grindstone 17 and the turret 19 are inclined with respect to the axis of the workpiece W by a predetermined angle θ with respect to the first embodiment, the angle grindstone can be mounted on the grindstone shaft 23 and plunge grinding can be performed. The present embodiment is also characterized in that it is not necessary to turn the grindstone shaft 23 each time switching between grinding and cutting.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
Since the multi-tasking machine of the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
In the multi-tasking machine according to claim 1, a grindstone and an indexable cutting tool turret having a turning center in the same direction as the grindstone axis are provided between the grindstone and the tool post main body in a compact manner. The part is configured compactly in the composite tool post. In addition, the spindle speed is controlled so that the workpiece is gripped and used for grinding and turning, so it has both grinding and turning functions, and it is easy to switch between the two processes. The overall dimensions of the machine can be reduced.
In addition, by increasing the number and types of cutting tools that can be prepared in the turret provided with the center of rotation almost concentrically in the same direction as the sleeve of the grinding wheel shaft, or by attaching a drill unit or internal laboratory unit on the turret The function of combined machining has been expanded. In addition, when switching between grinding and cutting, it is no longer necessary to turn the B-axis center of the composite tool post.
[0034]
The combined processing machine according to claim 2, wherein the angle grinder is used as a base machine and is replaced with a composite turret which can control feed only in the X-axis direction, and can be swivel controlled by X-axis feed control and B-axis feed. Since the multi-tasking machine has a tool post, it is possible to perform multi-tasking with plunger grinding and turret cutting by attaching an angle grindstone.
[0036]
Composite working machine according to claim 3, wherein is opened and closed as a grinding stone protective cover according chips scattered during cutting in addition to the first cover of the grinding wheel safety cover to claim 1 or claim 2 multifunction machine according, In addition, since the second cover that can be fixed is provided, safe work can be continuously performed during grinding and turning.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a combined processing machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This is a composite processing machine in which a composite turret having a grinding machine as a base and a turret having a grinding wheel shaft axis and a turning center arranged in the same direction in place of the grinding wheel base is provided on the bed.
FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a state of grinding with a grindstone with the tool of the turret tool post in the first embodiment of the present invention as a retracted position, and FIG. 2B is a front view of the composite tool post with a second cover. It is a figure which shows the case where it opens.
FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a state of turning with a cutting tool in which the cutting edge of the tool of the composite tool post in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is positioned so as to protrude from the outer diameter of the grindstone, and FIG. It is a figure which shows the case where the 2nd cover is closed with a front view.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the positions of an angle grindstone and a workpiece of a swivel composite tool rest in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an index position where finishing is performed with a grindstone in a conventional multi-tasking machine.
6 is an explanatory diagram of an indexing position where roughing of a previous process is performed by cutting with the combined processing machine of FIG. 5; FIG.
A position at which the grindstone and the workpiece do not interfere with each other by turning the tool post is defined as a cutting position.
7 is an explanatory diagram of a tool arrangement in which the grindstone and the cutting tool are arranged point-symmetrically with respect to the turning center in the grindstone table of FIG. 5 and can be turned and ground by turning 180 degrees.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Bed 11 Table 12 Headstock 13 Tailstock 14 Tool holder 15 Composite tool post 16 Turning composite tool post 17 Grinding wheel 18 Cutting tool 19 Turret 20 First cover 21 Second cover 22, 23 Motor 24 Grinding wheel shaft 25 Grinding wheel axis control part 26 turret drive unit 27 hinge 28 moving table 31 direct sizing device 32 dresser

Claims (3)

先端に工作物保持手段を有する主軸を回転可能に支持する主軸台を設け、砥石軸に支持された研削加工用砥石と、前記砥石と刃物台本体との間に支承され前記砥石軸とほぼ同心の旋回中心で旋回可能なタレットと前記砥石回転駆動部と前記タレットを旋回位置決めするタレット駆動部とを備える複合刃物台を設け、前記タレットはその外周面が砥石外径よりも小径に形成され且つ研削加工時に研削側に割り出される前記切削工具を保持しない面が形成されており、前記タレットに取着する切削工具はタレット旋回時、工具先端の旋回軌跡が前記砥石外径よりも大径になるように支持されているものであり、前記主軸台及び前記複合刃物台を前記タレット及び前記主軸の旋回中心を含む平面で相対移動可能な移動手段を設けてなり、切削加工と研削加工とを可能としたことを特徴とする複合加工機。A spindle head that rotatably supports a spindle having a workpiece holding means is provided at the tip, and is supported between the grinding wheel supported by the grinding wheel shaft and the grinding wheel and the tool post body, and is substantially concentric with the grinding wheel shaft. A composite turret comprising a turret capable of turning at a turning center, a grindstone rotation driving portion, and a turret driving portion for turning and positioning the turret, and the outer peripheral surface of the turret is formed with a smaller diameter than the outer diameter of the grindstone and A surface that does not hold the cutting tool that is indexed to the grinding side during grinding is formed, and the cutting tool attached to the turret has a turning trajectory at the tip of the tool that is larger than the outer diameter of the grindstone when turning the turret. are those which are supported such that the result provided moving means movable relative a plane including the headstock and pivoting center of the composite tool rest said turret and said spindle, and cutting Multitasking machine, characterized in that to allow the cutting process. 前記複合刃物台が前記平面に直交する軸線周りで旋回可能に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合加工機。The composite processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the composite turret is provided so as to be rotatable around an axis perpendicular to the plane. 前記砥石のワークとの接触部位及びその近傍を除いて砥石外周を覆う第1カバーと、該第1カバー上に旋回可能に設けられ前記砥石のワークとの接触部位及びその近傍を覆う第2カバーとを設けてなり、タレット上の切削工具による加工時には第2のカバーにより砥石を覆うようになした請求項1又は2に記載の複合加工機。A first cover that covers the outer periphery of the grindstone except the contact portion of the grindstone with the workpiece and the vicinity thereof, and a second cover that is provided on the first cover so as to be pivotable and covers the contact portion of the grindstone with the workpiece and the vicinity thereof. The multi-tasking machine according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the grindstone is covered with the second cover when machining with the cutting tool on the turret.
JP2000357124A 2000-11-24 2000-11-24 Combined processing machine Expired - Fee Related JP3961214B2 (en)

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