JP3899108B2 - River block and river block weir - Google Patents

Description

    The present invention can form shallows and murmuring by laying or stacking on the riverbed or shore, preventing scouring, preventing sediment accumulation, protecting and creating ecosystems, storing water, purifying, etc. The present invention relates to a river block having a function and a river block weir.

    In order to prevent river scouring and sedimentation, river blocks have been proposed for use on river beds. By laying a large number of applicants, the applicant has functions such as scouring prevention, sedimentation and sediment prevention, water storage, purification, etc., forming shallow water and murmuring, enriching the ecosystem and improving the natural environment The block for rivers which can do was proposed (refer to patent documents 1).

  FIG. 14A is a perspective view of a conventional river block described in Patent Document 1 as viewed obliquely from above, and FIG. 14B is a perspective view of the river block turned over and viewed from the bottom.

  The river block 1 includes a cylindrical cavity 2, a cutout portion 4 formed horizontally along the edge of the upper surface of the river block, vertical grooves 5 formed in the vertical direction on the four side surfaces of the block 1, and adjacent blocks 1 The groove 5b that communicates the cylindrical cavities 2 and the block 1 when the blocks 1 are arranged, the sector-shaped notch 6 that forms a space where the upper part is sealed, the 45-degrees communicating the sector-shaped notch 6 and the cylindrical cavity 2 It consists of grooves 7 formed at an angle.

When the block 1 is laid on the river bed, a water channel is formed on the upper surface by the notch portions 4 adjacent to each other along the flow direction of the river, a stagnation is formed, and also functions as a fishway. Further, the space formed by the fan-shaped notch 6 communicates with each other by a water channel formed by a groove 7 between the cylindrical cavity 2 and the cylindrical cavity 2 communicates with a groove 5b. The space between the shape cavity 2 and the fan-shaped notch 6 promotes stirring and aeration of flowing water. The upstream flow is received in the water channel formed by the groove 7 from the 45 degree direction, and gas exchange and introduction of dissolved oxygen are actively performed by staying and aeration in the cylindrical cavity 2, and the flow direction 45 again toward the downstream. Hydrodynamic pressure is applied in the direction of the angle and can be pushed downstream.
Patent No. 3418165

    However, the conventional block has a flat surface, and the flowing water mainly flows along the surface of the block and the groove in the flowing direction, and the behavior of the water is not so changed. As a result, the movement of the water in the river block was slow, so the sediment that flowed in was not fully discharged and accumulated, and the activation of the water (increase in dissolved oxygen) was not sufficient.

  Therefore, the present invention changes the behavior of the water by blocking, colliding, splashing, or turning back the water to activate the movement of the water in the river block and sufficiently prevent sediment accumulation. A river block and a river block weir that can be activated are provided.

  The river block of the present invention is formed horizontally along the four sides of the upper surface of the river block, and a cylindrical cavity penetrating in the vertical direction from the top in the center of the plane square river block, and laying the river block body A notch groove that forms vertical and horizontal water channels together with the adjacent river block body that touches occasionally, a convex portion formed by the notch groove, and a center in each side of the river block A vertical groove that is formed and forms a vertical hole that communicates with the adjacent river block main body that is in contact with the river block main body when it is laid, and each of the vertical grooves and the cylindrical cavity on the upper surface of the convex portion A groove that communicates with each other, a groove that is formed between the lower part of each of the longitudinal grooves and the cylindrical cavity, and that communicates between the cylindrical cavities of adjacent river blocks, and a river block body A fan-shaped notch portion having a central angle of 90 degrees, which is formed by cutting out the lower four corners into a fan shape and forming a circular space with a cross section where the upper portion is blocked by four adjacent river block bodies when the river block is laid. And a groove formed at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the notch groove, which communicates the fan-shaped notch portion and the cylindrical cavity.

On the river block, non-slip irregularities are formed on the upper surface, and a rectangular frame that is inscribed in the cylindrical cavity and does not exceed the edge of the convex part can be placed and fixed on the convex part. In addition, it is possible to fix a dam plate that dams a part of the fan-shaped notch.

  Further, the weir of the present invention is that the river block described above is layered on the upstream side to form a weir, and that the downstream river block is laid down after the weir. Features.

  The effects of the present invention are as follows. The river block according to the present invention prevents sediment accumulation in the river block by activating the flow of water by collision, confluence, flow down or shielding of water by grooves in different directions such as grids. In addition, the ripples are white and the activation of the water is promoted by the formation of murmur, that is, the increase in dissolved oxygen in river water can be measured.

  The groove on the upper surface of the river block has a function to allow sediment to flow down so that it does not pile up, and it can form a fishway for fish going up and down the river, making the riverbed drop and steep slope gentle Therefore, the fish course is formed by slightly shifting the block and flattening the step gradient, and fish can be moved up.

    Since shallows are formed and safety is also taken into consideration, such as non-slip irregularities, it is possible to provide a place for observing organisms and a place for relaxation. In addition, because shallow water is formed, it becomes easy to collect the waste such as discarded PET bottles, vinyl, and empty cans that have flowed. In addition, it is easy to walk and clean quickly, such as observing organisms and playing in the river.

    The cavities in the river blocks that are laid are connected and connected, and are constantly activated, creating river depths and shallows, allowing you to go to the opposite shore like stepping stones, planting, and surface irregularities to light Harmony with the surroundings with a three-dimensional depth of contrast.

  The river block has a filter function, and the planting of aquatic plants, especially algae, floating grass, water lotus, bean, reed, reed, como, coral, etc. The vegetation can be measured in between and the water quality can be improved by greening (removing phosphorus, nitrogen, sea lions, etc.), and the ecosystem is enriched.

  The river block of the present invention can be assembled, layered, slope covering, upstream and downstream such as dams and drop works, and can be installed on the bank protection method.

  In addition, it can be used as underground water storage, flood control for low-lying land (installation of a pump), and debris flow prevention fence.

  In addition, the weir constructed by layering the river blocks of the present invention can eliminate the stagnation of lowland rivers and eliminate odors and purify them.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  1A is a perspective view of the river block of the present invention as viewed from above, FIG. 1B is a perspective view of the river block turned over and viewed from the bottom, FIG. 2A is a plan view of the river block, (B) is the side view, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a state in which the river block of the present invention is laid.

  First, the shape of the front side of the river block will be described.

  The river block 1 is a concrete block having a substantially square shape (for example, about 150 cm × 150 cm) in plan view. A cylindrical cavity 2 (for example, 70 cm in diameter) penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface in the vertical direction is formed at the center. When the cylindrical cavity 2 is covered with a lid, a step 2a is formed on the top, an engagement recess 2b is formed on the step 2a to engage with an engagement protrusion of the lid, and the lid is fitted into the step 2a. May be prevented from moving.

  On the upper surface of the quadrilateral of the river block 1, the convex portion 3 is formed by cutting along the edge along the edges of the four sides with the same width and depth (for example, 10 cm). Further, the four corners of the convex portion 3 are cut into triangles. The convex part 3 after being cut out is an irregular octagon. By cutting off the four corners, the corners of the convex portions 3 are prevented from being chipped.

  As shown in FIG. 4, when the river block 1 is laid, the notches 4 of the adjacent river blocks 1 are joined together to form a water channel 4a in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. The water channel 4a has a function of preventing sedimentation by allowing sediment to flow down on the upper surface of the river block 1 and forming a fishway for fish going up and down the river.

  In each of the four side surfaces of the river block 1, a vertical groove 5 having a semicircular horizontal cross section (for example, a diameter of 24 cm) is formed in the center in the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 4, when the river block 1 is laid, the vertical groove 5 is combined with the vertical groove 5 of the adjacent river block 1 that is in contact with the vertical groove 5 to form a vertical hole 5a that communicates vertically. By pouring concrete into the vertical holes 5a and connecting adjacent river blocks, the river blocks 1 are firmly integrated. However, when concrete is poured into the entire vertical hole 5a, the groove 5b on the back side is crushed so that it does not communicate with the cylindrical cavity 2. Therefore, when the river blocks 1 are joined side by side, A water channel can be formed by pouring concrete after setting a pipe or corrugated cardboard, and can communicate with the cylindrical cavity 2.

  Further, on the upper surface of the convex portion 3, a horizontal groove 3 a (cross section is, for example, 10 cm × 10 cm) that communicates with the cylindrical cavity 2 and the longitudinal groove 5 at the same depth as the height of the convex portion 3. And formed in a cross direction perpendicular to the four sides.

 Next, the shape of the back side of the river block will be described.

  In FIG. 1 (b), the four corners on the back side of the river block 1 are fan-shaped cutouts that are inclined from the substantially central level of the river block 1 toward the cylindrical cavity 2 and cut into a fan shape halfway. Part 6 is formed. The radius of the fan-shaped notch 6 is substantially equal to the radius of the cylindrical cavity 2, and the fan-shaped notch 6 is cut from the bottom to about 1/3 to 1/2 of the thickness of the river block 1, thereby remaining The thickness becomes the ceiling of the fan-shaped space.

  When the fan-shaped notch 6 is laid with four river blocks 1 arranged in parallel, a space 6a is formed in which the upper portion is blocked by the notches 6 of the adjacent river blocks 1. Since the sector-shaped notch 6 is formed in a sector shape having a central angle of 90 degrees, the space formed by the four adjacent sector-shaped notches 6 has a circular horizontal section similar to the cylindrical cavity 2. The sum of the areas 6a is substantially equal to the area of the two cylindrical cavities.

  A groove 7 is formed in the diagonal direction of the river block 1 between each sector-shaped notch 6 and the cylindrical cavity 2, and the space 6a formed by the sector-shaped notch 6 and the cylindrical cavity 2 communicate with each other. . The depth of the groove 7 is substantially equal to the depth of the notch 6, and the width of the groove is about a sector radius.

  In order to form a water channel, a groove 5b is provided below the vertical groove 5 formed on the side surface so that the cylindrical cavities 2 of the adjacent river blocks 1 communicate with each other. The cylindrical cavities 2 communicate with each other through the grooves 5b and 7.

  When the river block 1 is laid on the upper surface of the river block 1 of the present embodiment by the cutout portions 4 formed in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, a water channel 4a is formed which is twice as deep as the cutout portion 4 and deeply cut. The flowing water is closed once in the horizontal groove and repulsion resistance is generated, and the flowing water flows down including the debris flow repeatedly by blocking, colliding, scattering, turning back, etc. of the flowing water by the water channel 4a and the groove 3a crossing the cross.

  On the bottom side of the river block 1, sediment accumulation is prevented by flowing and agitating and flowing out water from the groove 5, the water channel 7 a, the vertical hole 5 a, the cylindrical cavity 2, and the space 6 a opened to the water side. Can do.

  In the conventional block, the flow of water just flowed on the surface of the block, and the movement of the water did not change much, but the river block of this example has grooves in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction or in the diagonal direction on the front side and the back side. By forming a change in the behavior of the water, the water flows, the water flows vigorously due to water shielding, collision, scattering, and rebounding, preventing sediment accumulation, and the ripples are danced white. It can promote activation and increase dissolved oxygen in river water.

  The space wall surfaces of the grooves 5b and 7 of the concrete block have a large contact area with water, the stagnation time with running water is long, and the contact time with the microorganism membrane is also long. Since the wall surfaces of the entire river block 1 are matched and connected, the groove 5b and the groove 7 penetrate through each other. The space of each installed river block 1 is rich in change, and the entire groove 7 communicates, resulting in a zigzag irregular flow and a maze. The running water is rich in changes and repeats merging and agitation, resulting in longer stagnation time.

  FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the river block of the present invention. An anti-slip unevenness 8 is provided on the upper surface of the river block 1 shown in FIG. The irregularities 8 are preferably formed in a staggered pattern alternately. In rivers, cobblestones and concrete blocks have the danger of scuffing and fractures due to slipping and falling of shoes and bare feet due to scales, slimming of microbial membranes, and the like. Therefore, a non-slip unevenness 8 is formed on the surface of the river block 1 and is recessed into a hemisphere having a straight diameter of about 10 mm and a depth of about 5 mm.

  The anti-slip irregularities 8 can prevent the children from slipping and falling when they walk on the river block 1 to observe small animals and insects or to collect small fish.

  6 is a perspective view showing a state in which the mounting frame is placed on the block of the present invention, FIG. 7A is a plan view of the mounting frame, FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view along line BB in FIG. It is a top view which shows the state which laid the block which mounted the mounting frame.

  The shape of the mounting frame 9 is made of concrete having a substantially rectangular shape (for example, 106 cm × 106 cm), and the size of the mounting frame 9 is inscribed inside the mounting frame 9 by the circumference of the cylindrical cavity 2 of the river block 1 and It is narrower than both ends of the convex portion 3a (for example, about 10 cm narrower on the left and right sides) so as not to exceed the edge of the convex portion. The cross section of each side of the mounting frame 9 has a vertical and horizontal thickness of about 20 cm × 20 cm. Cut the four corners into triangles to prevent loss. The mounting frame 9 after being cut out has a shape substantially similar to the convex portion 3.

  When the mounting frame 9 is attached to the upper surface of the convex portion 3 of the river block 1, a three-stage water channel 4a is formed in a side view. As a mounting method, holes 9a are made in the mounting frame 9, the river block 1, and each of the four places from the time of the initial concrete placement, and are fixed with a steel bar or bolts. The bolts are fixed in the holes of the river block 1 according to the situation at the site, passed through the mounting frame 9 and tightened later, and then filled with concrete and finished smoothly.

  In addition, the mounting frame 9 is constructed only by the main body each time depending on the state of the river (hydrostatic pressure, shearing force, sweeping current, flow pressure, early charm, underground spring, etc.), or a separate body is attached or an appropriate place is considered. Set more effectively.

  As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 8, when the mounting frame 9 is attached to the upper part of the block 1, the cross section of the vertical and horizontal grooves 4 of the block 1 becomes twice as large as the horizontal and the depth. Dispersion of fluid, expansion of flow function, shielding debris flow, separating fluids, and repeating dispersion to form a shield to quickly flow debris flow, preventing river bed scouring, and depositing debris flow in cavities 2 and 6a It can be prevented.

  Fig.9 (a) is a top view which shows the dam plate provided in the side surface of the laid river block, (b) is a front view.

  The debris flow mainly flows in and accumulates from the large space of the cylindrical cavity 2 of the groove 7 or the river block 1, and the grooves 5 b, the grooves 7, and the fan-shaped notches 6 communicating with the large space.

  Therefore, in the river block group laid on the river bed, the concrete dam plate 10 is fixed to the side surface along the flowing direction with bolts, concrete, etc., and a part of the flowing water is blocked to allow debris flow to flow from the side portion. To prevent it. The length of the dam plate 10 is such that water does not flow when the ends of the dam plate 10 are brought into contact with each other, so that a gap (for example, about 5 cm) through which water flows can be formed between the ends of the dam plate 10. . Further, the width (about 20 cm) allows a part of water to flow into the cylindrical cavity 2 and the space 6a through the groove 5b and the fan-shaped notch 6 through the groove 7 by opening a gap (about 10cm) from the bottom. .

  The pressure of the flowing water flowing into the cylindrical cavity 2 or the fan-shaped notch 6 from the hole 5b and the fan-shaped notch 6 through the groove 7 is increased by the weir plate 10 and joined at the cylindrical cavity 2 or the fan-shaped notch 6; A stirring vortex can be created to prevent debris flow accumulation, and activation can be promoted by vigorous gas and gas exchange.

  FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state where the drilling is performed through the cylindrical cavity of the river block.

  Boring through the cylindrical cavity 2 of the river block 1 and excavating the vertical holes 11 to the groundwater veins 11a and the gravel layer 11b in order to guide groundwater and promote springwater, groundwater can be used as spring water or used as a well be able to.

  FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a protective wall formed by stacking a river block of the present invention on a dam.

  Since rocks and earth and sand 12 that have collapsed the slope 14 of the water storage dam and running water dam accumulate and the intake 12 may be blocked, a protective wall can be provided by using the river block 1 of the present invention. . The collapsed rock and earth and sand 12 are stopped by a protective wall, the water is filtered by the rock and earth and sand, and flows out through the water channel formed in the river block 1.

  FIG. 12A is a diagram showing a state in which the river block of the present invention is normally laid on the slope, and FIG. 12B is a diagram showing a state in which the river block is laid upside down.

  The space 6a formed by the cylindrical cavity 2 and the fan-shaped notch of the river block 1 is filled with soil, chestnut stone, etc., and planted such as turf is planted and greened. As plants grow, insects settle, fish nests are formed on the water, and rivers become rich in nature.

  FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example in which a weir is constructed using the river block of the present invention.

  The river block 1 of the present invention is layered on the upstream side to form a weir 15, and the river block 1 on the downstream side is laid down with a step following the weir. By providing the weir 15 in the river block 1 of the present invention in the lowland river, the water is blocked in the upstream, and in two directions by the overflow shown by the arrow and the water flow rising up the water channel in the river block 1 It flows and the stagnation disappears and the water is purified. Further, by filling the cylindrical cavity 2 with limestone, quartzite, granite, charcoal, perforated coke charcoal in a net bag, purification of the river is further promoted and malodor can be eliminated.

(A) is the perspective view which looked at the block for rivers of this invention from diagonally upward, (b) is the perspective view which turned over the river block and looked at the bottom face. (A) The top view of the block for rivers of this invention, (b) is the same side view. It is AA sectional drawing of FIG. It is a top view which shows the state which laid the block for rivers. It is a perspective view which shows another Example of the block for rivers of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the state which mounted the mounting frame on the block of this invention. (A) is a top view of a mounting frame, (b) is BB sectional drawing of (a). It is a top view which shows the state which laid the block which mounted the mounting frame. The top view which shows the dam plate provided in the side surface of the block of this invention laid, (b) is a front view. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the state bored through the cylindrical cavity of the river block. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the example which utilized the block for rivers of this invention for the protective wall of a rock or earth and sand to a dam. (A) is a figure which shows the state which normally laid the block for rivers of this invention on the slope, (b) is a figure which shows the state laid upside down. It is a figure which shows the example which constructed the weir using the block for rivers of this invention. (A) is the perspective view which looked at the conventional river block from diagonally upward, (b) is the perspective view which turned over the river block and looked at the bottom face.

Explanation of symbols

1: River block 2: Cylindrical cavity 3: Convex 3a: Horizontal groove 4: Notch 4a: Waterway
5: Vertical groove 5a: Vertical hole 5b: Groove 6: Fan-shaped notch 6a: Space 7: Groove 7a: Waterway
8: Anti-slip unevenness 9: Mounting frame 9a: Bolt hole 10: Dam plate 11: Vertical hole 12: Earth and sand 13: Water intake 14: Slope 15: Weir

Claims (5)

A cylindrical cavity penetrating in the vertical direction from the top in the center of a flat rectangular river block;
A notch groove that is formed horizontally along the four sides of the river block upper surface and forms a vertical and horizontal water channel together with the adjacent river block body that is in contact with the river block body when laid.
A convex portion formed by the notch groove;
A vertical groove that is formed in the center of each side of the river block in the vertical direction, and forms a vertical hole that leads up and down together with the adjacent river block main body that is in contact with the river block main body when laid.
A groove communicating each of the longitudinal grooves with the cylindrical cavity on the upper surface of the convex part;
A groove formed between each lower part of the longitudinal groove and the cylindrical cavity, and communicating the cylindrical cavities of adjacent river blocks;
90 degrees central angle that forms a circular space with a cross section that is formed by cutting out the lower four corners of a river block body into a fan shape, and when the river block is laid, the upper part is blocked by four adjacent river block bodies Fan-shaped notch,
A river block comprising a groove formed at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the notch groove, which communicates the fan-shaped notch and the cylindrical cavity.   The river block according to claim 1, wherein non-slip irregularities are formed on the upper surface of the river block.   The river block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the convex portion of the river block is capable of mounting and fixing a rectangular frame that is inscribed in the cylindrical cavity and does not exceed an edge of the convex portion. block. The river block according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a dam plate for damming a part of the groove and the fan-shaped notch is fixable to a side surface of the river block. The river block according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is layered on the upstream side to form a weir, and a step is provided next to the weir to lower the downstream river block. Block weir for rivers.

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