JP2003090022A - Concrete block for river revetment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a concrete block for river capable of protecting a slope or a floor surface of a river, a lake, a marsh or the like, at the same time, suiting with a natural environment equipped with the prevention of an outflow of soil dressing or a water purifying function and being safely manufactured at a low cost without lowering the strength of a product. SOLUTION: The upper surface of a concrete block body for river is formed in a flat or a large and small sized uneven pattern, and the surface of the block is thin laminated with a natural sand, crushed sand, stone powder, natural gravel, crushed stone, zeolite, coal ash, slag, gravelly pumice or the like to combine them with each other.

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention protects slopes and floors of rivers and lakes and the like, and purifies water quality in consideration of prevention of outflow of soil and landscape. And blocks that can properly form slopes and riverbeds that can also protect ecosystems. 2. Description of the Related Art For the purpose of revetment of slopes such as rivers and the embankment of floors, the slopes and floors are entirely covered with concrete blocks or sloped with sloped blocks. Use a variety of concrete blocks, such as covering the soil with thicker soil and greening, or using law-reinforced blocks made of porous concrete with consideration given to prevention of soil loss, greening of slopes, and ecological conservation. Revetments are formed by laying stones or natural stones. [0003] However, in the case where the entire slope or floor is covered with concrete as described above, the concrete surface is exposed on the surface, and the natural ecosystem is destroyed. The environment and scenery are impaired, and even if soil is applied on top of it, the covered soil is generally merely placed on blocks, especially rainwater and river water during heavy rains. As the water penetrates into the basement and is blocked by the block surface due to the flooding caused by the rising water, it becomes supersaturated soil and a slip surface is formed on the top surface of the block, so the covered soil is easily collapsed, Plants such as turf vegetated on the slope have roots only 5 to 10 cm from the ground surface, and only about 20 cm at deep, so that the effect of preventing runoff cannot be expected. [0004] Porous concrete, which has been recently recommended as a river bank protection material effective for protecting ecosystems with respect to the above-mentioned soil covering blocks, is that roots of plants may be entangled or entangled in the voids through the covering soil. In the event of heavy rainfall or flooding, it prevents the outflow of soil from the soil, and by simply using it as a block, it has the function of purifying water quality by contact between gravel, and microbes settle in the gaps, thus protecting the ecosystem. However, the cost is high due to manufacturing difficulties and time and labor, and the strength is inevitably low due to the presence of voids. [0005] Natural stones are simply laid or stacked, and are deformed by being swept away by a large amount of water flowing down during a flood, so that plants and organisms are stable for a long period of time. Cannot be maintained. [0006] The law lining block is required to have a function of preventing scouring and collapse of the slope and taking into consideration the scenery.
In recent years, the natural beauty of plants along with natural stones is considered to be most in harmony with the surrounding environment, and there has been a demand for law-covered blocks with vegetation functions and fish nest functions. There is a problem that the greening and the inhabitation of fish and shellfish cannot be maintained for a long period of time only by installing the natural stone. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been studied to solve the problems in the prior art as described above, and has a function of protecting a slope from scouring and collapsing as described above. As with porous concrete, soil is covered on the slope at the high water level, allowing plants to thrive and become rooted, and the water quality can be purified even at the low water level slope, so that fish and shellfish, aquatic insects, and crustaceans It has succeeded in supplying inexpensively a slope protection block that considers the natural environment and scenery where the creatures can live, without reducing the strength of the product,
It is as follows. (1) The upper surface of the concrete block is formed as a flat or large and small free uneven pattern, and the surface of the block is made of natural sand, crushed sand, stone powder, natural gravel, crushed stone, zeolite, coal ash, slag, gravel. A revetment block for rivers, characterized by a thin layer of pumice stones, etc., cut into one and integrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The specific embodiment of the present invention as described above will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the present invention, as shown in FIG. When manufacturing the block with a flat concrete block 1 having a thickness of about 15 to 25 cm, a lunch box-shaped receiving frame having a depth of 5 to 15 cm is installed at the lower part of the formwork, and natural sand and crushed sand are set inside. Prepare a block surface forming material 5 (hereinafter referred to as a surface material) that suits the intended use, such as stone powder, natural gravel, crushed stone, zeolite, coal ash, slag, and pebble pumice. By simply assembling the formwork, casting concrete, and hardening it, only the surface layer is thinned and bite and integrated, so the surface of the surface is made of various stones, rock surface, sandstone tone etc. The key In addition, various colors can be produced depending on the surface material 5 used. Further, since the block surface material 5 is laid with a constant thickness in the receiving frame below the mold, large and small irregularities of about 5 to 30 cm are formed on the surface of the material using hands or tools. , The surface of the concrete block 1 has a rugged rock pattern as shown in FIG. Placing concrete without doing anything makes it flat, and it is possible to easily create a surface shape having free irregularities without preparing a special formwork. It goes without saying that the size and thickness of the block may be changed as needed. FIG. 3 shows the river block 1 of FIG.
Is a cross-sectional view after construction, laid out side by side on the slope 6 at the low water level part of the riverbank, and the block surface 4 is made into a natural stone-like rock pattern, etc., so that it fits into the surrounding landscape and the surface is digged in Algae and moss are easy to attach and grow because the material 5 is formed with protruding fine irregularities, plankton gathers around it, fishes that feed on it gather, and a natural circulation type Can form an ecosystem. In addition, a rock pattern having large and small irregularities of different sizes of 5 to 30 cm reduces the flow velocity around the block, and the surface area is formed by a fine irregular surface, so that suspended substances in water are easily precipitated. ,
In addition, it is also absorbed by the viscosity of the biofilm coated on the fine uneven surface, and can further contribute to water purification by absorbing, decomposing and removing pollutants by microorganisms living on the surface, By making the surface material 5 a gravelly pumice having voids, a function comparable to that of porous concrete can be added. Further, by making the surface material 5 zeolite, coal ash, or slag, ammonia gas emitted from fish excreta or carcasses due to ion elution, adsorption, exchange, etc., phosphorus which causes eutrophication, and phosphorus, etc. Water quality can also be purified by adsorbing and decomposing malignant substances or converting them into harmless substances. Furthermore, for example, plants such as aquatic plants and algae have become active on the surface of the zeolite layer, and when they are involved in roots, they have nitrogen and ammonia absorbed by the zeolite conversely absorbed from the roots as nutrients, and help grow. On the other hand, zeolite will be able to recover its adsorptive capacity and the like, and will be able to newly adsorb pollutants. By repeating this, the purification function will be maintained and will continue,
It can be expected that the natural purification ability of rivers will be restored and promoted, and gaps and shadows will form due to the growth of plants,
It provides a comfortable habitat for organisms such as seafood, aquatic insects and crustaceans. Various effects can be expected by using a combination of a plurality of materials used for these surfaces. Further, by forming a large through hole 7 or a concave portion 8 in the block partially, it can be used as a dwelling place for small fish and fry or a hideout. FIG. 4 shows the river block 1 shown in FIG.
Is a cross-sectional view after construction, which is laid and arranged on the slope 9 at the high water level of the river bank.
It is covered with soil and greened. Block surface 4
Has a rough surface such as rock surface or sandstone, so that the frictional force of the material alone can sufficiently prevent the outflow of the soil 10, and the effect can be improved by providing the surface shape with even larger and smaller irregularities. Can be up. In addition, the surface of the block has numerous projections formed by surface materials 5 such as natural sand, crushed sand, stone powder, natural gravel, crushed stone, zeolite, coal ash, slag, and pebble pumice. As shown in Fig. 5, the growing plant roots 11 are entangled with each other to prevent the cover soil from flowing out during heavy rain or flood. The effect can be obtained, and the block can be manufactured with high strength because it is simply made of concrete. Therefore, the thickness of the block can be made thinner than that of porous concrete, and the cost can be reduced. When joints of river blocks are used as a revetment block of a slope as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, fixed widths are provided at the four corners of the block 1 as shown in FIGS. Hook reinforcing bar 1 formed by forming a corner cut 12 formed on the surface of
3 after projecting the block, and installing the block, joining the reinforcing bars 15 bent into a U-shape as shown in FIG. 7 to the hook reinforcing bars of the holes 14 surrounded by the corner cuts 12 of the block in FIG. Mortar or concrete 1
Filling 6 makes it possible to construct a solid river concrete block revetment. This connection can be integrally formed by another method similar to this, such as bolt connection with metal fittings. However, when used as a revetment block having a function of consolidating a riverbed and a water control function, a joint structure which can adapt to the unevenness of the riverbed and can freely cope with the riverbed is required. In the method of firmly connecting with mortar or concrete as described above, when the riverbed is used, unevenness easily occurs due to sinking and sinking by running water, which leads to breakage of the block. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, the joint at the riverbed is formed by using a ring-shaped connecting member 17 such as a shackle that has been subjected to a rust-preventive treatment so as to be appropriately bent and deformed against deformation due to flowing water. I can deal with it. As this connecting tool, a through hole or a helical hole is provided at the end of the U-shaped member, and the bolt 18 is inserted and fixed. Even if the bolt 18 is attached or detached, the blocks can be easily connected to each other. FIG. 9 shows another structure for a steep slope of a concrete block according to the present invention, which is a member of a block having a width of 1 m, a length of 2 m and a thickness of about 30 to 40 cm. Reinforcing reinforcing bar insertion holes 19 are formed at two locations, approximately 1/2 of the thickness and approximately 1/4 inward in the width direction from both ends. As shown in FIG. 10, the reinforcing bars 2 such as deformed steel bars are inserted into the insertion holes 19 in a state where the blocks are overlapped with each other in a staggered manner and staggered by half a block in accordance with the construction slope.
0 is inserted from the top to the bottom so that the hole 19 is filled with the coagulant 16 such as mortar or concrete and integrated. Also, a fitting projection 21 is provided on the block upper surface,
When the blocks are stacked in multiple stages by forming the fitting concave portion 22 on the bottom surface, the fitting convex portion 21 of the lower block is fitted to the fitting concave portion 22 of the upper block, so that the longitudinal Although it is intended to prevent the movement, in any case, it is clear that a strong block revetment wall is constructed in combination with the above-described coagulated reinforcing bar in the reinforcing bar insertion hole. Of course, when the slope height is low, a method of connecting only the fitting protrusion 21 and the fitting recess 22 is sufficient. In this block, the block surface 4 has a natural stone-like rock pattern or the like, so that it adapts to the surrounding landscape on the water surface, algae adhere to the underwater portion, plankton and the like gather, and the food for fish and shellfish is eaten. It becomes a place, a place to live and a spawning place. As described above, the size and thickness may be freely changed depending on the place of use and application, or a recess or a through hole may be formed. FIG. 11 shows yet another configuration of the concrete block according to the present invention, which has a height of 50 cm,
A top surface, a bottom surface and a front and rear surface having a length of about 2 m and a thickness of about 50 cm are formed to be substantially perpendicular to each other in a substantially parallel state, and have a front surface portion 24 and a rear surface portion 25. The inner surface is formed as a hollow portion 26 with a gradually increasing thickness. An opening 27 is provided in the front part 24.
Are provided, but the number and size of the openings 27 can be changed according to the case. In addition, the front and rear surface portions 2 at positions approximately 1/4 from the both ends of the block inward in the width direction respectively.
A partition wall 28 is provided between the rear wall 25 and the rear wall 25. The reinforcing wall is inserted at the intersection of the rear wall 25 and the partition wall 28. A hole 19 is formed, and a reinforcing bar 20 such as a deformed bar and a coagulant 16 such as mortar or concrete are inserted and filled as shown in FIG.
A notch 29 is provided in the upper part of the partition wall 28, a partition wall fitting convex part 30 is formed at the top of the partition wall 28, and a partition wall fitting concave part 31 is formed at the bottom part. In this embodiment, the projections 30 and the depressions 31 are combined to prevent misalignment during construction and to stabilize the overall assembly state. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view when the above-described block 3 according to the present invention is used for a steep slope 23. The hollow part 26 serves as a habitat for amphibians and small animals in the water, and natural stones and earth and sand are deposited or inserted therein to grow plants, and the natural stone tone of the block surface 4 is formed. In combination with the rock pattern, it is possible to create a harmonious landscape with the natural environment even on steep slopes. In the underwater portion, aquatic plants and algae grow on the block surface 4 and serve as a feeding ground for fish and shellfish, and the upper, lower, and left and right directions of the block hollow portion 26 are communicated through the partition wall cutout portion 29 to be long and wide. A water area or an air space is formed, and the entire interior of the block wall is used as a habitat for fish, insects and the like. It goes without saying that the size and thickness of this block can be changed according to the application, similarly to the above-mentioned block. It goes without saying that the present invention can be applied to other than the above-mentioned block form. According to the present invention as described above, a concrete block which is not covered by the prior art and which is formed without using a special formwork can be used as a covered concrete block. , Natural stone tone such as grain, rock surface, sandstone tone, etc., and the surface protrusion can be easily made into a flat or large and small uneven rock pattern etc. When the surface is just exposed as it is It is easy to adapt to the scenery of the sea, and when underwater, it can purify water and adjust the flow velocity.
Conversely, when used as a soil covering block by applying soil to the surface layer with a thickness of 10 to 30 cm, it is a product suitable for the natural environment, which has the function of preventing soil outflow and vegetation. By changing the forming material according to the application such as zeolite, coal ash, slag and pebble pumice, it is possible to easily provide a river block that can be expected to further improve the above function without lowering the strength of the product at low cost. Gain
This invention is industrially effective.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a river block according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the example of the present invention shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a usage state of the block shown in FIG. 1 disposed on a slope at a low water level on the river bank. FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a use state in which the block shown in FIG. 1 is disposed on a slope at a high water level on a river bank. FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing, in an enlarged manner, a usage state in which the soil covering is applied in FIG. 4; FIG. 6 is a plan view showing details of a joint between blocks of the block shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a joining relationship of the joint illustrated in FIG. 6; FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a joining relationship of another joint portion of the block shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing another configuration of the river block according to the present invention. FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a use state of the example of the present invention shown in FIG. 9 provided on a steep slope on a river bank. FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing still another configuration of the river block according to the example of the present invention. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a usage state of the example of the present invention shown in FIG. 11 provided on a steep slope on a river bank. [Description of Signs] 1 River block 2 River block 3 River block 4 Block surface 5 Block surface forming material 6 Slope at low water level of riverbank 7 Through hole 8 Recess 9 Slope at high water level of riverbank 10 Soil 11 Plant root 12 Corner cut 13 formed at four corners of block 13 Linking member 14 formed of hook reinforcing bar Hole 15 surrounded by corner cut 12 Joint bar 16 bent into a U-shape 16 Mortar Or concrete 17 ring-shaped connecting tool (shackle) 18 bolt 19 reinforcing reinforcing bar insertion hole 20 support reinforcing bar 21 fitting convex portion 22 fitting concave portion 23 steep slope 24 block front surface portion 25 block rear surface portion 26 hollow portion 27 opening portion 28 Partition wall 29 Notch (partition wall) 30 Partition wall fitting projection 31 Partition wall fitting recess

Claims (1)

[Claim 1] The upper surface of a concrete block body is formed as a flat or large and small free uneven pattern, and the surface of the block is made of natural sand, crushed sand, stone powder, natural gravel, crushed stone, zeolite, coal ash. A seawall block for rivers, characterized by the thin layer of slag, slag, and pebble-shaped pumice, etc., and integrated.