JP3854895B2 - Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and electrophotographic apparatus - Google Patents

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and electrophotographic apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP3854895B2
JP3854895B2 JP2002125214A JP2002125214A JP3854895B2 JP 3854895 B2 JP3854895 B2 JP 3854895B2 JP 2002125214 A JP2002125214 A JP 2002125214A JP 2002125214 A JP2002125214 A JP 2002125214A JP 3854895 B2 JP3854895 B2 JP 3854895B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
photosensitive member
group
electrophotographic photosensitive
electrophotographic
substituted
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2002125214A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2003316043A (en
Inventor
孝和 田中
由香 中島
晴信 大垣
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Priority to JP2002125214A priority Critical patent/JP3854895B2/en
Priority to EP03009352A priority patent/EP1357436B1/en
Priority to DE60324219T priority patent/DE60324219D1/en
Priority to CNB031222692A priority patent/CN1306342C/en
Priority to US10/422,733 priority patent/US6991881B2/en
Priority to KR1020030026580A priority patent/KR100527808B1/en
Publication of JP2003316043A publication Critical patent/JP2003316043A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3854895B2 publication Critical patent/JP3854895B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は電子写真感光体、該電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置に関し、詳しくは高いモビリティーを有する特定の電荷輸送性高分子化合物を含有する表面層を有する耐久性に優れた電子写真感光体に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から電子写真感光体には、セレン、酸化亜鉛、硫化カドミウム等の無機光導電性化合物を主成分とする感光層を有する無機電子写真感光体が広く使用されてきた。しかしながらこれらの無機電子写真感光体は、熱安定性、耐湿性、耐久性、生産性、安全性等の観点から問題点を有していた。
【0003】
それらの無機電子写真感光体の欠点を克服する目的で様々な有機光導電性化合物を主成分とする電子写真感光体の開発が近年盛んに行われている。例えば米国特許3837851号公報にはトリアリルピラゾリンを含有する電荷輸送層を有する電子写真感光体、米国特許3871880号公報にはペリレン顔料の誘導体からなる電荷発生層と3-プロピレン及びホルムアルデヒドの縮合体からなる電荷輸送層とからなる電子写真感光体等が開示されている。
【0004】
さらに有機光導電性化合物はその種類に応じて電子写真感光体の感光波長域を自由に選択することが可能である。例えば、特開昭61-272754号公報、特開昭56-167759号公報にはアゾ顔料が可視領域で高感度を示す化合物として開示されており、また、特開昭57-19567号公報、特開昭61-228453号公報には赤外領域まで感度を有している化合物が開示されている。
【0005】
これらの材料のうち赤外領域に感度を示すものは近年進歩の著しいレーザービームプリンター(以下LBPと略す)やLEDプリンターに使用されその需要頻度は高くなってきている。
【0006】
これら有機光導電性化合物を用いた電子写真感光体は、電気的特性および機械的特性の両者を満足させるために、電荷輸送層と電荷発生層を積層させた機能分離型の電子写真感光体として利用される場合が多い。一方当然のことながら電子写真感光体には適用される電子写真プロセスに応じた感度、電気的特性、さらには光学的特性を備えていることが要求される。
【0007】
特に繰り返し使用される電子写真感光体においては、その電子写真感光体の表面にはコロナまたは接触帯電、画像露光、トナー現像、転写工程、表面クリーニングなどの電気的、機械的外力が直接加えられるためそれらに対する耐久性も要求される。
【0008】
有機電子写真感光体の耐摩耗性を向上させる手段としては、バインダー樹脂を高分子量化する方法、バインダー樹脂中にフィラーを添加する方法、あるいはバインダー樹脂構造中にシロキサン構造やフッ素含有置換基等の潤滑性を付与するための構造を導入することにより、またはポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)のような固体潤滑剤を添加することによりクリーニングブレードとの摩擦係数を低減させる方法などが知られている。
【0009】
さらに、機械的強度に優れた種々なバインダー樹脂の使用も提案されているが、バインダー樹脂そのものが機械的強度に優れていても、低分子量の電荷輸送物質を混合して用いるため、バインダー樹脂本来の膜強度を十分に生かせず、耐摩耗性、耐キズ性において必ずしも十分な耐久性を得るには至っていない。また、バインダー樹脂本来の膜強度を生かすためには、電荷輸送物質の添加量を減らせばよいが、その場合には、電子写真感度の低下や残留電位の上昇を招いてしまうという問題が生じ、膜強度と電子写真特性とを両立するには至っていない。
【0010】
また、前記したような感光層に潤滑性を付与してクリーニングブレードとの摩擦係数を低減させるという方法においても、感光層の膜強度の低下を招き、十分な耐久性を有する電子写真感光体は得られていない。
【0011】
一方、低分子量電荷輸送材料の添加による膜強度の低下を改善する目的で、電荷輸送性高分子化合物を使用することが特開昭64-9964号公報、特開平2-282263号公報、特開平3-221522号公報、特開平8-208820号公報等で提案されている。しかしながら、これらに開示された電子写真感光体の多くは必ずしも十分な耐摩耗性を有するものではなく、またある程度の膜強度を有する場合でも、製造コストが非常に高く、実用的ではない等の欠点があった。
【0012】
【本発明が解決しようとしている課題】
本発明の目的は、従来の電荷輸送性高分子化合物を表面層として使用した電子写真感光体の有していた問題点を解決し、耐キズ性および耐摩耗性等の機械的強度を向上させ、かつ耐ソルベントクラック性が良好な電子写真感光体を提供することである。
【0013】
また、本発明の目的は、直接帯電による放電に対する耐電気特性が良好であり、繰り返し使用時にも安定した性能を発揮することができる電子写真感光体を安価に提供することである。
【0014】
更に、本発明の目的は、上記電子写真感光体を有し、長期間高画質が維持されるプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置を提供することである。
【0015】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成する本発明は、導電性支持体の上に感光層を有する電子写真感光体において、該電子写真感光体の表面層が特定構造を有する電荷輸送性高分子化合物を含有することを特徴とするものである。
【0016】
すなわち、本発明は、導電性支持体上に感光層を有する電子写真感光体において、該電子写真感光体の表面層に下記式(1):
【化1】

Figure 0003854895
[式中、Ar1およびAr2は下記式(2):
【化2】
Figure 0003854895
(式中、Ar5〜Ar6は、それぞれ独立に、置換または非置換の2価の芳香族基または複素環基を表し;Aは置換または非置換のアルキレン基、アミノ基またはアゾ基、酸素原子または硫黄原子を表し;X1は置換または非置換のアルキレン基、シロキサン基、シリレン基、カルボニル基および酸素原子または硫黄原子を表し;lおよびmはそれぞれ0または1を表す)
で示される2価の基を表し;Ar3およびAr4は置換または非置換の芳香族基および複素環基を表し(ここで、Ar1とAr2とは同一ではない);およびnは3以上の整数を表す]
で表される繰り返し構造単位を有する電荷輸送性高分子化合物を用いることで、優れた電子写真特性と優れた耐磨耗性および耐キズ性が両立した電子写真感光体を提供するものである。
【0017】
また、本発明は、上記電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置を提供するものである。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の電子写真感光体の表面層に使用される電荷輸送性高分子化合物は下記式(1):
【化6】
Figure 0003854895
[式中、Ar1およびAr2は下記式(2):
【化7】
Figure 0003854895
(式中、Ar5〜Ar6は、それぞれ独立に、置換または非置換の2価の芳香族基または複素環基を表し;Aは置換または非置換のアルキレン基、アミノ基またはアゾ基、酸素原子または硫黄原子を表し;X1は置換または非置換のアルキレン基、シロキサン基、シリレン基、カルボニル基および酸素原子または硫黄原子を表し;lおよびmはそれぞれ0または1を表す。)
で示される2価の基を表し;Ar3およびAr4は置換または非置換の芳香族基および複素環基を表し(ここで、Ar1はAr2と同一ではない);およびnは3以上の整数を表す]
で表される繰り返し構造単位を有することを特徴とする。
【0019】
好ましくは、本発明の電子写真感光体の表面層に使用される電荷輸送性高分子化合物は、下記式(3):
【化8】
Figure 0003854895
(式中、R1〜R16は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換または非置換のアルキル基または置換または非置換のアルコキシ基、アミノ基を表し(ここで、R2とR5およびR10とR13は、結合して環を形成しても良く、アルキレン基、アミノ基、アゾ基、酸素原子および硫黄原子を介して環を形成しても良い);Y1およびY2は、置換または非置換のアルキレン基、シロキサン基、シリレン基、カルボニル基および酸素原子または硫黄原子を表し;rおよびsはそれぞれ0または1を表し;およびnは3以上の整数を表す。)
で表される構成単位を有する。
【0020】
より好ましくは本発明の電子写真感光体の感光層に用いられる電荷輸送性高分子化合物は、前記式(1)、(2)及び(3)において、以下に示す場合である。
式(1)において、Ar3およびAr4は、フェニル、ナフチル、アンスリル、ピレニル、フルオレニル、フェナンスリル等の芳香族基およびキノリル、ジベンゾチェニル、ジベンゾフリル、N−メチルカルバゾル、N−エチルカルバゾル及びN−トリルカルバゾル等の複素環基を表す。
式(2)において、Ar5およびAr6はベンゼン、ナフタレン、アントラセン、ペリレン、フルオレン、ビフェニル、ターフェニルなどの芳香環より2個の水素原子をとった2価の芳香環基またはカルバゾール、フラン、ベンゾフラン、チオフェン、ベンゾチオフェン、キノリン、フェナジン、などの複素環より2個の水素原子をとった2価の複素環基を表す。Aは、メチレン、エチレン、プロピレン基等のアルキレン基、アミノ基またはアゾ基、酸素原子、硫黄原子を表す。X1は、メチレン、エチレン、プロピレン基等のアルキレン基、−SiO−数1から10のシロキサン基、Si数1〜4のシリレン基、カルボニル基、酸素原子、硫黄原子、およびアゾ基を表す。
式(3)において、R1〜R16はメチル、エチル、プロピル等のアルキル基、フッ素、塩素、臭素等のハロゲン原子、メトキシ、エトキシ等のアルコキシ基を表し、ここでR2とR5およびR10とR13は、直接結合して環を形成してもよく、炭素数1から2のアルキレン基、アミノ基、アゾ基、酸素原子および硫黄原子を介して環を形成してもよい。Ar1〜Ar6,A,X1、Y1、Y2、R1〜R16はいずれも置換基を有してもよく、置換基としては、メチル、エチル、プロピル及びブチルなどのアルキル基;メトキシ、エトキシ及びプロポキシなどのアルコキシ基;フェノキシ、及びナフトキシなどのアリールオキシ基;フッ素、塩素及び臭素等のハロゲン原子;またはジメチルアミノ、ジエチルアミノ及びジフェニルアミノ等のジ置換アミノ基などが挙げられる。また、R1とR2は直接、または炭素原子、硫黄原子及び酸素原子などを介して結合することにより環を形成してもよい。
【0021】
以下に、本発明の電子写真感光体の表面層に用いる電荷輸送性高分子化合物の具体例を示すが、これらに限定されるものではない。
【化9】
Figure 0003854895
【化10】
Figure 0003854895
【化11】
Figure 0003854895
【化12】
Figure 0003854895
【化13】
Figure 0003854895
【0022】
【化14】
Figure 0003854895
【0023】
【化15】
Figure 0003854895
【0024】
【化16】
Figure 0003854895
【0025】
【化17】
Figure 0003854895
【0028】
【化20】
Figure 0003854895
【0029】
【化21】
Figure 0003854895
【0030】
【化22】
Figure 0003854895
【0031】
【化23】
Figure 0003854895
【0032】
【化24】
Figure 0003854895
【0033】
【化25】
Figure 0003854895
【0034】
【化26】
Figure 0003854895
【0035】
【化27】
Figure 0003854895
【0038】
【化30】
Figure 0003854895
【0039】
【化31】
Figure 0003854895
【0040】
【化32】
Figure 0003854895
【0042】
【化34】
Figure 0003854895
【0043】
【化35】
Figure 0003854895
【0045】
【化37】
Figure 0003854895
【0046】
【化38】
Figure 0003854895
【0047】
【化39】
Figure 0003854895
【0048】
【化40】
Figure 0003854895
【0049】
【化41】
Figure 0003854895
【0050】
【化42】
Figure 0003854895
【0051】
【化43】
Figure 0003854895
【0052】
【化44】
Figure 0003854895
【0053】
【化45】
Figure 0003854895
【0054】
【化46】
Figure 0003854895
【0055】
【化47】
Figure 0003854895
【0056】
【化48】
Figure 0003854895
【0057】
【化49】
Figure 0003854895
【0058】
【化50】
Figure 0003854895
【0059】
【化51】
Figure 0003854895
【0060】
【化52】
Figure 0003854895
【0061】
【化53】
Figure 0003854895
【0062】
【化54】
Figure 0003854895
【0064】
【化56】
Figure 0003854895
【0065】
【化57】
Figure 0003854895
【0066】
【化58】
Figure 0003854895
【0067】
本発明の電子写真感光体における表面層は、前記電荷輸送性高分子化合物に加え、ポリカーボネート樹脂を含有してもよい。
【0068】
ポリカーボネート樹脂を含有させることで、電子写真感光体の表面層の機械的強度がさらに増大し、耐摩耗性、耐キズ性が、一層向上する。
【0069】
本発明の表面層に用いることができるポリカーボネート樹脂はポリカーボネートA型、ポリカーボネートZ型、または、ビフェニル構造を有するポリカーボネートとポリカーボネートA型またはC型との共重合体などが挙げられる。
【0070】
また、本発明の電子写真感光体における表面層は、電荷輸送性高分子化合物に加え、ポリアリレート樹脂を含有してもよい。
【0071】
ポリアリレート樹脂を含有させることで、電子写真感光体の表面層の機械的強度がさらに増大し、耐摩耗性、耐キズ性が、一層向上する。
【0072】
本発明の表面層に用いることができるポリアリレート樹脂は、ポリアリレートA型、C型、およびA型またはC型とZ型またはビフェニル構造を有するポリアリレートとの共重合体などが挙げられる。
【0073】
本発明の表面層が、電荷輸送性高分子化合物およびポリカーボネート樹脂から形成される場合は、電荷輸送性高分子化合物(D)とポリカーボネート樹脂(B)との配合比は、0.1≦D/B≦0.9であることが好ましい。
【0074】
電荷輸送性高分子化合物(D)とポリカーボネート樹脂(B)との配合比が0.1未満であると、表面層の電荷輸送能が著しく低下するため、好ましくない。また電荷輸送性高分子化合物(D)とポリカーボネート樹脂(B)との配合比が0.9より大きいと、表面層の機械的強度が低下し、耐摩耗性、耐キズ性向上の効果が小さくなるため、好ましくない。
【0075】
また、本発明の表面層が、電荷輸送性高分子化合物およびポリアリレート樹脂から形成される場合は、電荷輸送性高分子化合物(D)およびポリアリレート樹脂(B)の配合比は、0.1≦D/B≦0.9であることが好ましい。
【0076】
電荷輸送性高分子化合物(D)とポリアリレート樹脂(B)との配合比が0.1未満であると、表面層の電荷輸送能が著しく低下するため、好ましくない。また電荷輸送性高分子化合物(D)とポリアリレート樹脂(B)との配合比が0.9より大きいと、表面層の機械的強度が低下し、耐摩耗性、耐キズ性向上の効果が小さくなるため、好ましくない。
【0077】
本発明の電子写真感光体における電荷輸送層は、使用する電荷輸送材料が高分子量であるため、電荷輸送材料を添加することによるバインダー樹脂の膜強度の低下が小さく、耐キズ性、耐摩耗性に優れる。さらに2種類の構成単位からなるブロック共重合体にすることで、トリフェニルアミン構造を単純に重合させた場合に比べ、電荷輸送材料のイオン化ポテンシャルの低下が小さく抑えられ、放電等による酸化に対しても抵抗性が高いため、繰り返し使用による材料の劣化がほとんどないなどの特徴を有する。
【0078】
本発明の電子写真感光体の表面層に用いる電荷輸送性高分子化合物は1500以上の重量平均分子量(Mw)を有することが好ましい。重量平均分子量(Mw)が1500以上の電荷輸送性高分子化合物を用いると、バインダー樹脂に添加した場合の膜強度の低下が特に小さくなるため、より好ましい。
【0079】
本発明の電子写真感光体においては、本発明によるバインダー樹脂の構成単位が単一のものであっても、2種類以上の別種の構成単位からなる共重合体であってもよい。
【0080】
本発明の電子写真感光体においては、電荷輸送材料が1種類であっても、2種類以上の別種のものであってもよい。
【0081】
さらに、既存の電荷輸送材料と混合して使用してもよい。ただし、この場合は、本発明による電荷輸送成分が50mol%以上存在するのが好ましい。
【0082】
以下本発明に用いる電子写真感光体の構成について説明する。
本発明における電子写真感光体は、感光層が電荷輸送材料と電荷発生材料を同一の層に含有する単層型であっても、電荷輸送層と電荷発生層に分離した積層型でもよいが電子写真特性の観点からは積層型がより好ましい。
【0083】
本発明の電子写真感光体の支持体は導電性を有していれば、いずれのものでもよく、アルミニウム及びステンレスなどの金属や、導電層を設けた金属、紙及びプラスチックなどが用いられる。形状も特に限定されるものではなく、シート状または円筒状など、電子写真感光体が適用される電子写真装置に応じて任意の好ましいものとすることができる。
【0084】
LBPなどの画像入力がレーザー光の場合は、散乱による干渉縞を防止する、または基盤の傷を被覆することを目的とした導電層を設けてもよい。この導電層はカーボンブラック、金属粒子などの導電性粉体をバインダー樹脂に分散させて形成することができる。導電層の膜厚は5〜40μm、好ましくは10〜30μmが適当である。
【0085】
この導電層の上に接着機能を有する中間層をもうける。中間層の材料としてはポリアミド、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエチレンオキシド、エチルセルロース、カゼイン、ポリウレタン、ポリエーテルウレタン、などが挙げられる。これらは適当な溶剤に溶解して塗布される。中間層の膜厚は0.05〜5μm、好ましくは0.3〜1μmが適当である。
【0086】
中間層の上には電荷発生層が形成される。本発明に用いられる電荷発生物質としては、セレンーテルル、ピリリウム、チアピリリウム系染料、フタロシアニン、アントアントロン、ジベンズピレンキノン、トリスアゾ、シアニン、ジスアゾ、モノアゾ、インジゴ、キナクリドン、非対称キノシアニン系の各顔料が挙げられる。電子写真感光体の感光層が機能分離型の場合、電荷発生層は前記電荷発生物質を0.3〜4倍量のバインダー樹脂および溶剤とともに、ホモジナイザー、超音波分散、ボールミル、振動ボールミル、サンドミル、アトライター、ロールミルおよび液衝突型高速分散機などの方法でよく分散し、分散液を塗布、乾燥させて形成される。電荷発生層の膜厚は5μm以下、好ましくは0.1〜2μmが適当である。
【0087】
電荷輸送層は主として本発明からなるバインダー樹脂と電荷輸送材料とを溶剤中に溶解させた塗料を塗工、乾燥して形成する。電荷輸送材料は0.2〜2倍量のバインダー樹脂と組み合わされ、塗工、乾燥して電荷輸送層を形成する。 電荷輸送層の膜厚は5〜40μm、好ましくは15〜30μmが適当である。
【0088】
図1に本発明の電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジを有する電子写真装置の概略構成を示す。
【0089】
図1において、21はドラム状の本発明の電子写真感光体であり、軸22を中心に矢印方向に所定の周速度で回転駆動される。感光体21は、回転過程において、一次帯電手段23によりその周面に正または負の所定電位の均一帯電を受け、次いで、スリット露光やレーザービーム走査露光などの露光手段(不図示)からの露光光24を受ける。こうして感光体21の周面に静電潜像が順次形成されていく。
【0090】
形成された静電潜像は、次いで現像手段25によりトナー現像され、現像されたトナー像は、不図示の給紙部から感光体21と転写手段26との間に感光体21の回転と同期取り出されて給紙されたて給紙された転写材27に、転写手段26により順次転写されていく。像転写を受けた転写材27は、感光体面から分離されて像転写手段28へ導入されて像転写を得けることにより複写物(コピー)として装置外へプリントアウトされる。
【0091】
像転写後の感光体21の表面は、クリーニング手段9によって転写残りトナーの除去を受けて洗浄面化され、更に前露光手段(不図示)からの前露光光30により除電処理された後、繰り返し画像形成に使用される。なお、一次帯電手段23が帯電ローラーなどの接触帯電手段である場合は、前露光手段は必ずしも必要ない。
【0092】
本発明においては、上述の電子写真感光体1、一次帯電手段23、現像手段25及びクリーニング手段29などの構成要素のうち、複数のものをプロセスカートリッジとして一体に結合して構成し、このプロセスカートリッジを複写機やレーザービームプリンターなどの電子写真装置本体に対して着脱自在に構成してもよい。例えば、一次帯電手段23、現像手段25及びクリーニング手段29の少なくとも1つを感光体21と共に一体に支持してカートリッジ化して、装置本体のレール32などの案内手段を用いて装置本体に着脱自在なプロセスカートリッジ31とすることができる。
【0093】
露光光24は、電子写真装置が複写機やプリンターである場合には、原稿からの反射光や透過光、あるいは、センサーで原稿を読み取り、信号化し、この信号に従って行われるレーザービームの走査、LEDアレイの駆動及び液晶シャッターアレイの駆動などにより照射される光である。
【0094】
本発明の電子写真感光体は電子写真複写機として適用できるのみならず、レーザービームプリンター、CRTプリンター、LEDプリンター、液晶プリンター及びレーザー製版などの電子写真応用分野にも広く適用できる。
【0095】
以下実施例に従って本発明を説明する。
まず、本発明の電子写真感光体の感光層に用いられる電荷輸送物質の合成について説明する。
(合成例1)
N,N’-ジ(3-メチルフェニル)ベンジジン3.6gと9,9-ジメチル-2,7-ジブロモフルオレン3.5gを乾燥O-キシレン20mlに溶解し、酢酸パラジウム10mgと2-(ジtert-ブチルホスフィン)ビフェニル55mgを加え、4時間加熱還流を行った。次いで、4-ブロモトルエン0.5gを加えさらに2時間加熱還流を行った。放冷後、触媒を除き、アセトンに注ぎ黄色の固体を得た。さらに、得られた固体をトルエンに再び溶解し、活性炭処理、カラムクロマトグラフィー、再沈殿により精製を行い、淡黄色固体2.5gを得た。(電荷輸送物質CT-2)
【0096】
以下本発明の電子写真感光体の作製について実施例にしたがって説明するが、実施例中で使用したその他の電荷輸送物質についても、前記合成例1と同様の反応を用いて合成した。
なお、実施例中で使用する「部」は、特に断らない限り「質量部」を表す。
(実施例1)
30φ357.5mmのAlシリンダーを支持体とし、それに、以下の材料より構成される塗料を支持体上に浸せき法で塗布し、140℃、30分熱硬化して15μmの導電層を形成した。
導電性顔料:SnO2コート処理硫酸バリウム 10部
抵抗調節用顔料:酸化チタン 2部
バインダー樹脂:フェノール樹脂 6部
レベリング材:シリコーンオイル 0.001部
溶剤:メタノール、メトキシプロパノール 0.2/0.8 20部
【0097】
この導電層の上に、Nメトキシメチル化ナイロン3部および共重合ナイロン3部をメタノール65部とnブタノール30部の混合溶媒に溶解した溶液を浸せき法で塗布し、0.6μmの中間層を形成した。
【0098】
次にCuKαのX線回折スペクトルにおける回折角2θ±0.2°が7.4°、28.2°に強いピークを有するGaPc4部とポリビニルブチラール(商品名:エスレックBX−1、積水化学製)2部およびシクロヘキサノン60部をφ1mmガラスビーズを用いたサンドミル装置で4時間分散し、次いでエチルアセテート100部を加えて電荷発生層用分散液を調製した。これを浸せき法で中間層の上に塗布し、0.2μmの電荷発生層を形成した。
【0099】
次に前記合成例に従って合成した電荷輸送材料例CT-2 4部とポリカーボネート樹脂(ユーピロンZ-400:三菱エンジニアリング(株)製)10部をモノクロロベンゼン30部とジクロロメタン70部の混合溶媒に溶解させ、電荷輸送層用塗料を調整した。この塗料を浸せき法で電荷発生層の上に塗布し、120℃2時間乾燥し、25μmの電荷輸送層を形成した。
【0100】
以下、作製した電子写真感光体の評価について説明する。
耐久試験については、装置はキヤノン(株)製LBP-950(プロセススピード144.5mm/sec)を改造して用いた。改造は一次帯電の制御を定電流制御を定電圧制御とした。作成した電子写真感光体をこの装置で高温高湿(28℃90%RH)下(表中では「HH」と示す)で通紙耐久試験をおこなった。シーケンスはプリント1枚ごとに1回停止する間欠モードとした。トナーがなくなったならば補給し、画像で問題が発生するまで耐久試験を行った。
【0101】
電子写真感光体の耐磨耗性試験については、研磨テープを用いたテーバー摩耗試験機を用いて20分摩耗させ、そのときの重量減少分を測定した。
【0102】
電子写真感光体の耐電気特性については、電子写真感光体の一部に3000luxの白色蛍光灯の光を20分間あて4分間放置後の明部電位を測定し、光を当てる前から明部電位がどれだけ下がったかを測定し、その値をフォトメモリー値とした。
【0103】
さらに耐ソルベントクラック性については、作製した電子写真感光体の表面に指脂を付着させ、72時間 (常温常湿環境に) 放置し、顕微鏡によりソルベントクラックの有無を観察した。
【0104】
得られた結果を表1に示す。なお、以下の表1および2において、ソルベントクラックが発生しなかった場合を○、発生した場合を×とした。
(実施例2〜5および7〜15
電荷輸送層の電荷輸送材料として表1に示すものを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして電子写真感光体を作製し、評価した。それらの結果を表1に示す。
【表1】
Figure 0003854895
分子量はゲルパーミネーションクロマトグラフィーで測定した。
【0105】
表1に示されるように、本発明の感光体は、カブリの発生が極めて生じにくく、電子写真特性が非常に安定した良好な特性を示し、さらにソルベントクラックは発生しなかった。
【0106】
(比較例1)
電荷輸送層の電荷輸送材料を以下に示す化合物に代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして電子写真感光体を作製し、評価を行った。
【化59】
Figure 0003854895
【0107】
(比較例2)
電荷輸送材料を以下の構造のものに代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして電子写真感光体を作製し、評価を行った。
【化60】
Figure 0003854895
【0108】
(比較例3)
電荷輸送材料を以下の構造のものに代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして電子写真感光体を作製し、評価を行った。
【化61】
Figure 0003854895
比較例1、2、3の電子写真感光体について評価した結果を表2に示す。
【表2】
Figure 0003854895
【0109】
表2に見られるように、比較例はすべて耐久試験でのカブリや画像流れなどの画像欠損が非常に生じやすく、さらに比較例1及び2ではソルベントクラックが発生した。
【0110】
(実施例16〜18)
電荷輸送層の電荷輸送材料の重量平均分子量を表3のように代えた以外は、実施例1〜3と同様にして電子写真感光体を作製し、評価した。それらの結果を表3に示す。
【表3】
Figure 0003854895
【0111】
(実施例19〜25)
電荷輸送層の電荷輸送材料及び配合比(D/B)を表4のように代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして電子写真感光体を作製し、評価した。それらの結果を表4に示す。
【表4】
Figure 0003854895
【0112】
(実施例26〜28)
電荷輸送層の電荷輸送材料の配合比(D/B)を表5のように代えた以外は、実施例19と同様にして電子写真感光体を作製し、評価した。それらの結果を表5に示す。
【表5】
Figure 0003854895
【0113】
(実施例29〜38)
電荷輸送層の電荷輸送材料およびバインダー樹脂を表6のように代え、配合比(D/B)を表4のように代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして電子写真感光体を作製し、評価した。それらの結果を表6に示す。
【化62】
Figure 0003854895
【表6】
Figure 0003854895
【0114】
(実施例39〜42)
実施例29、30、37、38の配合比を表7のようにかえた以外は、実施例26、27、34、35と同様に電子写真感光体を作製し、評価した。それらの結果を表7に示す。
【表7】
Figure 0003854895
【0115】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、感光層に特定な電荷輸送性化合物を含有させることにより、優れた耐ソルベントクラック性を有し、機械的強度が強く、かつ直接帯電による放電に対する耐電気特性が良好であり、フォトメモリーの少ない電子写真感光体、及び該電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置を提供することが可能となった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の電子写真感光体を有する電子写真装置の一例を示す概略図である。
【符号の説明】
21 電子写真感光体
22 軸
23 一次帯電手段
24 露光光
25 現像手段
26 転写手段
27 転写材
28 像転写手段
29 クリーニング手段
30 前露光光
31 プロセスカートリッジ
32 案内手段[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus, and more particularly, an electron having excellent durability having a surface layer containing a specific charge transporting polymer compound having high mobility. The present invention relates to a photographic photoreceptor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, inorganic electrophotographic photoreceptors having a photosensitive layer mainly composed of an inorganic photoconductive compound such as selenium, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide have been widely used as electrophotographic photoreceptors. However, these inorganic electrophotographic photoreceptors have problems from the viewpoints of thermal stability, moisture resistance, durability, productivity, safety, and the like.
[0003]
In order to overcome the disadvantages of these inorganic electrophotographic photoreceptors, development of electrophotographic photoreceptors mainly composed of various organic photoconductive compounds has been actively conducted in recent years. For example, US Pat. No. 3,833,7851 discloses an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a charge transport layer containing triallyl pyrazoline, and US Pat. No. 3,871,880 discloses a charge generation layer comprising a derivative of perylene pigment and a condensate of 3-propylene and formaldehyde An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a charge transporting layer comprising:
[0004]
Further, the organic photoconductive compound can freely select the photosensitive wavelength region of the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the type. For example, JP-A-61-272754 and JP-A-56-167759 disclose azo pigments as compounds showing high sensitivity in the visible region, and JP-A-57-19567. Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 61-228453 discloses a compound having sensitivity up to the infrared region.
[0005]
Among these materials, those showing sensitivity in the infrared region are used in laser beam printers (hereinafter abbreviated as LBP) and LED printers that have made remarkable progress in recent years, and the frequency of their demand is increasing.
[0006]
Electrophotographic photoreceptors using these organic photoconductive compounds are functionally separated electrophotographic photoreceptors in which a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer are laminated in order to satisfy both electrical characteristics and mechanical characteristics. Often used. On the other hand, as a matter of course, the electrophotographic photoreceptor is required to have sensitivity, electrical characteristics, and optical characteristics according to the applied electrophotographic process.
[0007]
In particular, in electrophotographic photoreceptors that are used repeatedly, electrical and mechanical external forces such as corona or contact charging, image exposure, toner development, transfer process, and surface cleaning are directly applied to the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor. Durability against them is also required.
[0008]
Means for improving the abrasion resistance of the organic electrophotographic photoreceptor include a method of increasing the molecular weight of the binder resin, a method of adding a filler to the binder resin, or a siloxane structure or a fluorine-containing substituent in the binder resin structure. A method of reducing the friction coefficient with the cleaning blade by introducing a structure for imparting lubricity or adding a solid lubricant such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is known.
[0009]
Furthermore, the use of various binder resins with excellent mechanical strength has been proposed, but even if the binder resin itself has excellent mechanical strength, a low molecular weight charge transport material is used in combination, so This film strength cannot be fully utilized, and sufficient durability in terms of wear resistance and scratch resistance has not been obtained. Moreover, in order to take advantage of the inherent film strength of the binder resin, it is sufficient to reduce the amount of the charge transport material added, but in that case, there arises a problem that the electrophotographic sensitivity is lowered and the residual potential is increased, Neither film strength nor electrophotographic characteristics have been achieved at the same time.
[0010]
Also in the method of imparting lubricity to the photosensitive layer as described above to reduce the coefficient of friction with the cleaning blade, the electrophotographic photosensitive member having sufficient durability is caused by a decrease in the film strength of the photosensitive layer. Not obtained.
[0011]
On the other hand, in order to improve the decrease in film strength due to the addition of a low molecular weight charge transport material, it is possible to use a charge transport polymer compound as disclosed in JP-A-64-9964, JP-A-2-282263, No. 3-221522, JP-A-8-208820, and the like. However, many of the electrophotographic photoreceptors disclosed in these publications do not necessarily have sufficient wear resistance, and even when they have a certain degree of film strength, the manufacturing cost is very high and it is not practical. was there.
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the present invention]
The object of the present invention is to solve the problems of conventional electrophotographic photosensitive members using a charge transporting polymer compound as a surface layer, and to improve mechanical strength such as scratch resistance and abrasion resistance. And providing an electrophotographic photoreceptor having good solvent crack resistance.
[0013]
Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that has good electric resistance against direct discharge and can exhibit stable performance even during repeated use at low cost.
[0014]
Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus that have the above-described electrophotographic photosensitive member and maintain high image quality for a long period of time.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention that achieves the above object is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a charge transporting polymer compound having a specific structure. It is a feature.
[0016]
That is, the present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member has the following formula (1):
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0003854895
[Wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are the following formula (2):
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0003854895
(In the formula, Ar5 to Ar6 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic group or heterocyclic group; A represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, amino group or azo group, oxygen atom or X1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, siloxane group, silylene group, carbonyl group and oxygen atom or sulfur atom; l and m each represents 0 or 1)
Ar3 and Ar4 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group and a heterocyclic group (wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are not the same); and n represents an integer of 3 or more To express]
By using a charge transporting polymer compound having a repeating structural unit represented by the formula (1), an electrophotographic photoreceptor having both excellent electrophotographic characteristics and excellent wear resistance and scratch resistance is provided.
[0017]
The present invention also provides a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The charge transporting polymer compound used for the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is represented by the following formula (1):
[Chemical 6]
Figure 0003854895
[Wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are the following formula (2):
[Chemical 7]
Figure 0003854895
(In the formula, Ar5 to Ar6 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic group or heterocyclic group; A represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, amino group or azo group, oxygen atom or X1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, siloxane group, silylene group, carbonyl group and oxygen atom or sulfur atom; l and m each represents 0 or 1)
Ar3 and Ar4 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group and heterocyclic group (where Ar1 is not the same as Ar2); and n represents an integer of 3 or more ]
It has the repeating structural unit represented by these.
[0019]
Preferably, the charge transporting polymer compound used for the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is represented by the following formula (3):
[Chemical 8]
Figure 0003854895
(Wherein R1 to R16 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, or an amino group (wherein R2 and R5 and R10 and R13 are bonded) A ring may be formed and a ring may be formed via an alkylene group, an amino group, an azo group, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom); Y1 and Y2 are substituted or unsubstituted alkylene groups, siloxane groups, A silylene group, a carbonyl group and an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; r and s each represent 0 or 1; and n represents an integer of 3 or more.)
It has the structural unit represented by these.
[0020]
More preferably, the charge transporting polymer compound used in the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is the case shown below in the above formulas (1), (2) and (3).
In the formula (1), Ar3 and Ar4 are aromatic groups such as phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, pyrenyl, fluorenyl, phenanthryl and quinolyl, dibenzocenyl, dibenzofuryl, N-methylcarbazole, N-ethylcarbazole and N -Represents a heterocyclic group such as tolylcarbazole.
In the formula (2), Ar5 and Ar6 are divalent aromatic ring groups in which two hydrogen atoms are taken from an aromatic ring such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, perylene, fluorene, biphenyl, and terphenyl, or carbazole, furan, benzofuran, A divalent heterocyclic group in which two hydrogen atoms are taken from a heterocyclic ring such as thiophene, benzothiophene, quinoline, and phenazine. A represents an alkylene group such as methylene, ethylene, or a propylene group, an amino group or an azo group, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom. X1 represents an alkylene group such as methylene, ethylene, or a propylene group, —SiO—a siloxane group having 1 to 10 Si atoms, a silylene group having 1 to 4 Si atoms, a carbonyl group, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and an azo group.
In the formula (3), R1 to R16 represent alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl and propyl, halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine, and alkoxy groups such as methoxy and ethoxy, wherein R2 and R5 and R10 and R13 are May be directly bonded to form a ring, or a ring may be formed via an alkylene group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, an amino group, an azo group, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom. Ar1 to Ar6, A, X1, Y1, Y2, and R1 to R16 may all have a substituent, such as an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl; methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, etc. An aryloxy group such as phenoxy and naphthoxy; a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine; or a disubstituted amino group such as dimethylamino, diethylamino and diphenylamino. R1 and R2 may form a ring directly or through a carbon atom, a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, or the like.
[0021]
Specific examples of the charge transporting polymer compound used for the surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention are shown below, but are not limited thereto.
[Chemical 9]
Figure 0003854895
[Chemical Formula 10]
Figure 0003854895
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0022]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0023]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0024]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0025]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0028]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0029]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0030]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0031]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0032]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0033]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0034]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0035]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0038]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0039]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0040]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0042]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0043]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0045]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0046]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0047]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0048]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0049]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0050]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0051]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0052]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0053]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0054]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0055]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0056]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0057]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0058]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0059]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0060]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0061]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0062]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0064]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0065]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0066]
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0067]
The surface layer in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention may contain a polycarbonate resin in addition to the charge transporting polymer compound.
[0068]
By including the polycarbonate resin, the mechanical strength of the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is further increased, and the wear resistance and scratch resistance are further improved.
[0069]
Examples of the polycarbonate resin that can be used for the surface layer of the present invention include polycarbonate A type, polycarbonate Z type, and a copolymer of polycarbonate having a biphenyl structure and polycarbonate A type or C type.
[0070]
The surface layer in the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention may contain a polyarylate resin in addition to the charge transporting polymer compound.
[0071]
By including the polyarylate resin, the mechanical strength of the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is further increased, and the wear resistance and scratch resistance are further improved.
[0072]
Examples of the polyarylate resin that can be used for the surface layer of the present invention include polyarylate A type, C type, and a copolymer of A type or C type and polyarylate having a Z type or biphenyl structure.
[0073]
When the surface layer of the present invention is formed from a charge transporting polymer compound and a polycarbonate resin, the blending ratio of the charge transporting polymer compound (D) to the polycarbonate resin (B) is 0.1 ≦ D / B ≦. Preferably it is 0.9.
[0074]
If the blending ratio of the charge transporting polymer compound (D) and the polycarbonate resin (B) is less than 0.1, the charge transporting ability of the surface layer is remarkably lowered, which is not preferable. Further, if the blending ratio of the charge transporting polymer compound (D) and the polycarbonate resin (B) is larger than 0.9, the mechanical strength of the surface layer is lowered, and the effect of improving the wear resistance and scratch resistance is small. Therefore, it is not preferable.
[0075]
When the surface layer of the present invention is formed from a charge transporting polymer compound and a polyarylate resin, the blending ratio of the charge transporting polymer compound (D) and the polyarylate resin (B) is 0.1 ≦ D It is preferable that /B≦0.9.
[0076]
If the compounding ratio of the charge transporting polymer compound (D) and the polyarylate resin (B) is less than 0.1, the charge transporting ability of the surface layer is remarkably lowered, which is not preferable. Further, if the blending ratio of the charge transporting polymer compound (D) and the polyarylate resin (B) is larger than 0.9, the mechanical strength of the surface layer is lowered, and the effect of improving wear resistance and scratch resistance is obtained. Since it becomes small, it is not preferable.
[0077]
The charge transport layer in the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention has a high molecular weight charge transport material, so that the decrease in the film strength of the binder resin due to the addition of the charge transport material is small, scratch resistance, and abrasion resistance. Excellent. Furthermore, by using a block copolymer composed of two types of structural units, the decrease in ionization potential of the charge transport material can be suppressed to a small level compared to the case where the triphenylamine structure is simply polymerized. However, since it has high resistance, it has a feature that the material is hardly deteriorated by repeated use.
[0078]
The charge transporting polymer compound used for the surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention preferably has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1500 or more. It is more preferable to use a charge transporting polymer compound having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1500 or more, since a decrease in film strength when added to a binder resin is particularly small.
[0079]
In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, the constituent unit of the binder resin according to the present invention may be a single unit or a copolymer composed of two or more different types of constituent units.
[0080]
In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, the charge transport material may be one type or two or more types.
[0081]
Furthermore, you may mix and use the existing charge transport material. However, in this case, it is preferable that 50 mol% or more of the charge transport component according to the present invention is present.
[0082]
The structure of the electrophotographic photoreceptor used in the present invention will be described below.
The electrophotographic photosensitive member in the present invention may be a single layer type in which the photosensitive layer contains the charge transport material and the charge generation material in the same layer, or a stacked type in which the charge transport layer and the charge generation layer are separated. From the viewpoint of photographic characteristics, the laminated type is more preferable.
[0083]
The support of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention may be any one as long as it has conductivity, and metals such as aluminum and stainless steel, metals provided with a conductive layer, paper and plastics are used. The shape is not particularly limited, and may be any desired shape depending on the electrophotographic apparatus to which the electrophotographic photosensitive member is applied, such as a sheet shape or a cylindrical shape.
[0084]
When the image input such as LBP is laser light, a conductive layer may be provided for the purpose of preventing interference fringes due to scattering or covering scratches on the substrate. This conductive layer can be formed by dispersing conductive powder such as carbon black and metal particles in a binder resin. The thickness of the conductive layer is 5 to 40 μm, preferably 10 to 30 μm.
[0085]
An intermediate layer having an adhesive function is provided on the conductive layer. Examples of the material for the intermediate layer include polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, ethyl cellulose, casein, polyurethane, and polyether urethane. These are dissolved in an appropriate solvent and applied. The thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.05 to 5 μm, preferably 0.3 to 1 μm.
[0086]
A charge generation layer is formed on the intermediate layer. Examples of the charge generating substance used in the present invention include selenium tellurium, pyrylium, thiapyrylium dyes, phthalocyanine, anthanthrone, dibenzpyrenequinone, trisazo, cyanine, disazo, monoazo, indigo, quinacridone, and asymmetric quinocyanine pigments. . When the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is a function-separated type, the charge generation layer includes the charge generation material 0.3 to 4 times the amount of binder resin and solvent, homogenizer, ultrasonic dispersion, ball mill, vibration ball mill, sand mill, attritor The dispersion is well dispersed by a method such as a roll mill and a liquid collision type high-speed disperser, and the dispersion is applied and dried. The thickness of the charge generation layer is 5 μm or less, preferably 0.1 to 2 μm.
[0087]
The charge transport layer is formed by applying and drying a paint in which the binder resin and the charge transport material according to the present invention are dissolved in a solvent. The charge transport material is combined with 0.2 to 2 times the amount of binder resin, and coated and dried to form a charge transport layer. The thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 to 40 μm, preferably 15 to 30 μm.
[0088]
FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
[0089]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 21 denotes a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, which is rotationally driven around a shaft 22 in the direction of an arrow at a predetermined peripheral speed. In the rotation process, the photosensitive member 21 is uniformly charged at a predetermined positive or negative potential on the peripheral surface thereof by the primary charging unit 23, and then exposed from an exposure unit (not shown) such as slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure. Receive light 24. In this way, electrostatic latent images are sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoreceptor 21.
[0090]
The formed electrostatic latent image is then developed with toner by the developing unit 25, and the developed toner image is synchronized with the rotation of the photoconductor 21 between the photoconductor 21 and the transfer unit 26 from a paper supply unit (not shown). The transfer means 26 sequentially transfers the transfer material 27 that has been taken out, fed, and fed. The transfer material 27 that has received the image transfer is separated from the photoreceptor surface and introduced into the image transfer means 28 to obtain the image transfer, thereby being printed out as a copy (copy).
[0091]
The surface of the photoconductor 21 after the image transfer is cleaned by receiving the toner remaining after the transfer by the cleaning unit 9, and after being subjected to a charge removal process with a pre-exposure light 30 from a pre-exposure unit (not shown), and then repeatedly. Used for image formation. When the primary charging unit 23 is a contact charging unit such as a charging roller, the pre-exposure unit is not necessarily required.
[0092]
In the present invention, a plurality of components such as the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, the primary charging unit 23, the developing unit 25, and the cleaning unit 29 described above are integrally coupled as a process cartridge. May be configured to be detachable from an electrophotographic apparatus main body such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer. For example, at least one of the primary charging unit 23, the developing unit 25, and the cleaning unit 29 is integrally supported together with the photosensitive member 21 to form a cartridge, and is detachable from the apparatus main body using a guide unit such as a rail 32 of the apparatus main body. The process cartridge 31 can be obtained.
[0093]
When the electrophotographic apparatus is a copying machine or a printer, the exposure light 24 is reflected or transmitted light from the original, or the original is read by a sensor, converted into a signal, laser beam scanning performed in accordance with this signal, LED Light emitted by driving the array and driving the liquid crystal shutter array.
[0094]
The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention can be applied not only as an electrophotographic copying machine but also widely in electrophotographic application fields such as laser beam printers, CRT printers, LED printers, liquid crystal printers, and laser plate making.
[0095]
The present invention will be described below with reference to examples.
First, the synthesis of the charge transport material used in the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention will be described.
(Synthesis Example 1)
N, N'-di (3-methylphenyl) benzidine (3.6 g) and 9,9-dimethyl-2,7-dibromofluorene (3.5 g) were dissolved in dry O-xylene (20 ml), and palladium acetate (10 mg) and 2- (ditert- Buchiruhosu fins) biphenyl 55mg, followed by heating to reflux for 4 hours. Next, 0.5 g of 4-bromotoluene was added, and the mixture was further heated under reflux for 2 hours. After allowing to cool, the catalyst was removed, and the mixture was poured into acetone to obtain a yellow solid. Furthermore, the obtained solid was dissolved again in toluene and purified by activated carbon treatment, column chromatography, and reprecipitation to obtain 2.5 g of a pale yellow solid. (Charge transport material CT-2)
[0096]
The production of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention will be described below according to the examples. Other charge transport materials used in the examples were synthesized using the same reaction as in Synthesis Example 1.
In addition, "part" used in an Example represents a "mass part" unless there is particular notice.
Example 1
A 30φ357.5 mm Al cylinder was used as a support, and a coating composed of the following materials was applied onto the support by a dipping method, and heat cured at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a 15 μm conductive layer.
Conductive pigment: SnO 2 coated barium sulfate 10 parts Resistance adjusting pigment: Titanium oxide 2 parts Binder resin: Phenol resin 6 parts Leveling material: Silicone oil 0.001 part Solvent: Methanol, methoxypropanol 0.2 / 0.8 20 parts
On this conductive layer, a solution prepared by dissolving 3 parts of N-methoxymethylated nylon and 3 parts of copolymer nylon in a mixed solvent of 65 parts of methanol and 30 parts of n-butanol was applied by dipping to form a 0.6 μm intermediate layer. did.
[0098]
Next, GaPc 4 parts having a strong peak at 7.4 ° and 28.2 ° in the diffraction angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in the X-ray diffraction spectrum of CuKα, 2 parts of polyvinyl butyral (trade name: ESREC BX-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical) and 60 parts of cyclohexanone Was dispersed in a sand mill using φ1 mm glass beads for 4 hours, and then 100 parts of ethyl acetate was added to prepare a dispersion for charge generation layer. This was applied on the intermediate layer by a dipping method to form a 0.2 μm charge generation layer.
[0099]
Next, 4 parts of charge transport material CT-2 synthesized according to the above synthesis example and 10 parts of polycarbonate resin (Iupilon Z-400: manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Corporation) are dissolved in a mixed solvent of 30 parts of monochlorobenzene and 70 parts of dichloromethane. The charge transport layer coating was prepared. This paint was applied onto the charge generation layer by a dipping method and dried at 120 ° C. for 2 hours to form a 25 μm charge transport layer.
[0100]
Hereinafter, evaluation of the produced electrophotographic photoreceptor will be described.
For the durability test, a modified LBP-950 (process speed 144.5 mm / sec) manufactured by Canon Inc. was used. In the modification, the primary charging control is constant current control and the constant voltage control is used. The electrophotographic photosensitive member thus prepared was subjected to a paper passing durability test using this apparatus under high temperature and high humidity (28 ° C., 90% RH) (indicated as “HH” in the table). The sequence was an intermittent mode that stopped once for each printed sheet. When the toner runs out, the toner is replenished, and a durability test is performed until a problem occurs in the image.
[0101]
For the abrasion resistance test of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, it was worn for 20 minutes using a Taber abrasion tester using an abrasive tape, and the weight loss at that time was measured.
[0102]
Regarding the electrical resistance characteristics of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the light portion potential was measured after leaving a part of the electrophotographic photosensitive member exposed to 3000 lux white fluorescent light for 20 minutes and standing for 4 minutes. Was measured, and the value was defined as a photo memory value.
[0103]
Further, with respect to the solvent crack resistance, finger grease was adhered to the surface of the produced electrophotographic photosensitive member and left for 72 hours (in a normal temperature and humidity environment), and the presence or absence of the solvent crack was observed with a microscope.
[0104]
The obtained results are shown in Table 1. In Tables 1 and 2 below, the case where a solvent crack did not occur was marked as ◯, and the case where it occurred was marked as x.
(Examples 2 to 5 and 7 to 15 )
An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transport material shown in Table 1 was used as the charge transport layer. The results are shown in Table 1.
[Table 1]
Figure 0003854895
The molecular weight was measured by gel permeation chromatography.
[0105]
As shown in Table 1, the photoconductor of the present invention hardly caused fogging, showed good characteristics with very stable electrophotographic characteristics, and did not generate solvent cracks.
[0106]
(Comparative Example 1)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transporting material for the charge transporting layer was replaced with the following compounds.
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0107]
(Comparative Example 2)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transporting material was replaced with one having the following structure.
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[0108]
(Comparative Example 3)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transporting material was replaced with one having the following structure.
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptors of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3.
[Table 2]
Figure 0003854895
[0109]
As can be seen from Table 2, all of the comparative examples were very susceptible to image defects such as fogging and image flow in the durability test, and in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, solvent cracks were generated.
[0110]
(Examples 16 to 18)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3 except that the weight average molecular weight of the charge transport material of the charge transport layer was changed as shown in Table 3. The results are shown in Table 3.
[Table 3]
Figure 0003854895
[0111]
(Examples 19 to 25)
An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transport material and the blending ratio (D / B) of the charge transport layer were changed as shown in Table 4. The results are shown in Table 4.
[Table 4]
Figure 0003854895
[0112]
(Examples 26 to 28)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 19 except that the blending ratio (D / B) of the charge transport material of the charge transport layer was changed as shown in Table 5. The results are shown in Table 5.
[Table 5]
Figure 0003854895
[0113]
(Examples 29 to 38)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transport material and binder resin of the charge transport layer were changed as shown in Table 6 and the compounding ratio (D / B) was changed as shown in Table 4. ,evaluated. The results are shown in Table 6.
Embedded image
Figure 0003854895
[Table 6]
Figure 0003854895
[0114]
(Examples 39 to 42)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 26, 27, 34, and 35 except that the blending ratio of Examples 29, 30, 37, and 38 was changed as shown in Table 7. The results are shown in Table 7.
[Table 7]
Figure 0003854895
[0115]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, by containing a specific charge transporting compound in the photosensitive layer, it has excellent solvent crack resistance, strong mechanical strength, and good electric resistance against direct charging discharge. It has become possible to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member with little photo memory, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
21 Electrophotographic photosensitive member 22 Shaft 23 Primary charging means 24 Exposure light 25 Development means 26 Transfer means 27 Transfer material 28 Image transfer means 29 Cleaning means 30 Pre-exposure light 31 Process cartridge 32 Guide means

Claims (9)

導電性支持体上に感光層を有する電子写真感光体において、該電子写真感光体の表面層が、下記式(1):
Figure 0003854895
[式中、Ar1およびAr2は下記式(2):
Figure 0003854895
(式中、Ar5およびAr6は、それぞれ独立に、置換または非置換の2価の芳香族基または複素環基を表し;Aは置換または非置換のアルキレン基、アミノ基またはアゾ基、酸素原子または硫黄原子を表し;X1は置換または非置換のアルキレン基、シロキサン基、シリレン基、カルボニル基、および酸素原子または硫黄原子を表し;lおよびmはそれぞれ0または1を表す)で表される2価の基を表し;Ar3およびAr4は置換または非置換の芳香族基および複素環基を表し(ここで、Ar1とAr2とは同一ではない);およびnは3以上の整数を表す]で表される繰り返し構造単位を有する電荷輸送性高分子化合物を含有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体。
In the electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member has the following formula (1):
Figure 0003854895
[Wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are the following formula (2):
Figure 0003854895
(Wherein, the Ar5 and Ar @ 6, each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic group or a heterocyclic group; A is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, an amino group or an azo group, oxygen radicals or a sulfur atom; X1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a siloxane group, a silylene group, a carbonyl group, a Contact and oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; represented by representing the l and m are each 0 or 1) Ar3 and Ar4 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group and heterocyclic group (wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are not the same); and n represents an integer of 3 or more] An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a charge transporting polymer compound having a repeating structural unit represented.
前記電荷輸送性高分子化合物が、下記式(3):
Figure 0003854895
(式中、R1〜R16は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換または非置換のアルキル基または置換または非置換のアルコキシ基またはアミノ基を表し(ここで、R2とR5およびR10とR13は、結合して環を形成しても良く、アルキレン基、アミノ基、アゾ基、酸素原子および硫黄原子を介して環を形成しても良い);Y1およびY2は置換または非置換のアルキレン基、シロキサン基、シリレン基、カルボニル基、および酸素原子または硫黄原子を表し;rおよびsはそれぞれ0または1を表し;およびnは3以上の整数を表す)で表される構成単位を有する重合体である請求項1記載の電子写真感光体。
The charge transporting polymer compound has the following formula (3):
Figure 0003854895
(Wherein R1 to R16 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group or an amino group (wherein R2 and R5 and R10 and R13 are bonded) may form a ring, an alkylene group, an amino group, an azo group, via the acid atom and sulfur atom may form a ring); Y1 and Y2 are substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a siloxane group, silylene group, a carbonyl group, a Contact and oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; r and s each represents 0 or 1; and n claimed is a polymer having a structural unit represented by the integer of 3 or more) Item 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to Item 1.
前記感光層が電荷発生層及び電荷輸送層からなり、該電荷輸送層が表面層である請求項1または請求項2記載の電子写真感光体。  3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, and the charge transport layer is a surface layer. 前記表面層がさらにポリカーボネート樹脂を含有する請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の電子写真感光体。  The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the surface layer further contains a polycarbonate resin. 前記表面層がさらにポリアリレート樹脂を含有する請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の電子写真感光体。  The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the surface layer further contains a polyarylate resin. 前記表面層が、前記電荷輸送性高分子化合物およびポリカーボネート樹脂を含有し、かつ、電荷輸送性高分子化合物(D)とポリカーボネート樹脂(B)との配合比が、質量比で0.1≦D/B≦0.9である請求項4に記載の電子写真感光体。  The surface layer contains the charge transporting polymer compound and the polycarbonate resin, and the blending ratio of the charge transporting polymer compound (D) and the polycarbonate resin (B) is 0.1 ≦ D / B by mass ratio. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 4, wherein ≦ 0.9. 前記表面層が、前記電荷輸送性高分子化合物およびポリアリレート樹脂を含有し、かつ、電荷輸送性高分子化合物(D)とポリアリレート樹脂(B)との配合比が質量比で、0.1≦D/B≦0.9である請求項5に記載の電子写真感光体。  The surface layer contains the charge transporting polymer compound and the polyarylate resin, and the blending ratio of the charge transporting polymer compound (D) and the polyarylate resin (B) is 0.1 ≦ D. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 5, wherein /B≦0.9. 請求項1乃至のいずれか1項に記載の電子写真感光体を、該電子写真感光体を帯電させる帯電手段、電子写真感光体上に形成された静電潜像をトナーで現像する現像手段及び転写工程後の電子写真感光体上に残存するトナーを回収するクリーニング手段からなる群より選択される少なくとも一つの手段を共に一体に支持し、電子写真装置本体に着脱自在であることを特徴とするプロセスカートリッジ。The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , a charging unit for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a developing unit for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member with toner. And at least one means selected from the group consisting of cleaning means for collecting toner remaining on the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the transfer step is integrally supported together and is detachable from the electrophotographic apparatus main body. To process cartridge. 請求項1乃至のいずれか1項に記載の電子写真感光体、該電子写真感光体を帯電させる帯電手段、帯電した電子写真感光体を露光して静電潜像を形成する露光手段、電子写真感光体上に形成された静電潜像をトナーで現像する現像手段、及び電子写真感光体上のトナー像を転写材上に転写する転写手段を備えることを特徴とする電子写真装置。The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to any one of claims 1 to 7, a charging means for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging and exposure means for forming a by exposing the electrophotographic photoreceptor electrostatic latent image, the electronic An electrophotographic apparatus comprising: developing means for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on a photographic photoreceptor with toner; and transfer means for transferring a toner image on the electrophotographic photoreceptor onto a transfer material.
JP2002125214A 2002-04-26 2002-04-26 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and electrophotographic apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP3854895B2 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002125214A JP3854895B2 (en) 2002-04-26 2002-04-26 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and electrophotographic apparatus
EP03009352A EP1357436B1 (en) 2002-04-26 2003-04-24 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
DE60324219T DE60324219D1 (en) 2002-04-26 2003-04-24 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
CNB031222692A CN1306342C (en) 2002-04-26 2003-04-24 Electric photographic photoreceptor, imaging processing box and electric photographic apparatus
US10/422,733 US6991881B2 (en) 2002-04-26 2003-04-25 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
KR1020030026580A KR100527808B1 (en) 2002-04-26 2003-04-26 Electrophotographic Photosensitive Member, Process Cartridge, and Electrophotographic Apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002125214A JP3854895B2 (en) 2002-04-26 2002-04-26 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and electrophotographic apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2003316043A JP2003316043A (en) 2003-11-06
JP3854895B2 true JP3854895B2 (en) 2006-12-06

Family

ID=29539996

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2002125214A Expired - Fee Related JP3854895B2 (en) 2002-04-26 2002-04-26 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and electrophotographic apparatus

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3854895B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4217588B2 (en) * 2003-11-28 2009-02-04 キヤノン株式会社 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP4227536B2 (en) * 2004-02-26 2009-02-18 キヤノン株式会社 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP4696905B2 (en) * 2005-12-27 2011-06-08 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Organic photoconductor for electrophotography and image forming apparatus
JP5793878B2 (en) 2010-02-10 2015-10-14 三菱化学株式会社 Polymer, organic electroluminescent element material, composition for organic electroluminescent element, organic electroluminescent element, display device and lighting device
JP6520881B2 (en) * 2015-10-14 2019-05-29 東ソー株式会社 Arylamine polymer, method for producing the same and use thereof

Family Cites Families (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61241766A (en) * 1985-04-19 1986-10-28 Canon Inc Toner for electrostatic charge development
DE3610648A1 (en) * 1986-03-29 1987-10-01 Basf Ag Polymers containing triphenylamine units
JPH0832809B2 (en) * 1987-03-12 1996-03-29 キヤノン株式会社 Method for producing binder resin for toner
JPH05158248A (en) * 1991-12-10 1993-06-25 Ricoh Co Ltd Electrophotographic sensitive body
JP2798201B2 (en) * 1992-04-23 1998-09-17 キヤノン株式会社 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic apparatus having the same, and facsimile
JP3332485B2 (en) * 1993-06-24 2002-10-07 キヤノン株式会社 toner
JPH08248650A (en) * 1995-03-08 1996-09-27 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd Electrophotographic photosensitive material
JP3273543B2 (en) * 1996-04-12 2002-04-08 キヤノン株式会社 Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP3419262B2 (en) * 1996-11-01 2003-06-23 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Charge transporting copolymer and method for producing the same
JP3173395B2 (en) * 1996-11-26 2001-06-04 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Charge transporting material and method for producing charge transporting fine particles used therefor
JPH10171143A (en) * 1996-12-13 1998-06-26 Canon Inc Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic device
JP3730349B2 (en) * 1997-02-20 2006-01-05 出光興産株式会社 Electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP4207243B2 (en) * 1997-05-09 2009-01-14 東ソー株式会社 Polyaryleneamine and process for producing the same
JP4010026B2 (en) * 1997-09-10 2007-11-21 東ソー株式会社 New polyarylene amine
JP4010027B2 (en) * 1997-09-10 2007-11-21 東ソー株式会社 New polyaryleneamine
JP4010025B2 (en) * 1997-09-10 2007-11-21 東ソー株式会社 Process for producing polyaryleneamine
JP3562956B2 (en) * 1997-05-13 2004-09-08 株式会社リコー Aromatic polycarbonate resin
JP3733749B2 (en) * 1997-06-30 2006-01-11 富士電機デバイステクノロジー株式会社 Electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrophotographic apparatus
JP3869950B2 (en) * 1997-09-05 2007-01-17 キヤノン株式会社 Toner and image forming method
JPH11125920A (en) * 1997-10-21 1999-05-11 Hitachi Chem Co Ltd Composition for electric charge transporting layer and electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same
JP3733235B2 (en) * 1998-03-06 2006-01-11 キヤノン株式会社 Toner for electrostatic image development
JP4011791B2 (en) * 1998-06-12 2007-11-21 キヤノン株式会社 Method for producing electrophotographic photosensitive member
JP4164201B2 (en) * 1998-07-31 2008-10-15 キヤノン株式会社 Electrophotographic equipment
JP2000056490A (en) * 1998-08-10 2000-02-25 Canon Inc Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic device
JP3697079B2 (en) * 1998-09-04 2005-09-21 キヤノン株式会社 Electrophotographic apparatus, electrophotographic photosensitive member, and process cartridge
JP4365960B2 (en) * 1998-11-13 2009-11-18 キヤノン株式会社 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP2000162791A (en) * 1998-11-25 2000-06-16 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrophotographic device
JP2000267318A (en) * 1999-03-19 2000-09-29 Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp Electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrophotographic device using same
JP2001066809A (en) * 1999-08-27 2001-03-16 Canon Inc Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge with the same and electrophotographic device
JP2001109180A (en) * 1999-10-08 2001-04-20 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrophotographic device using the same
JP2001201887A (en) * 2000-01-14 2001-07-27 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Electrostatic charge image developing toner, two- component developer and image-forming method
JP2001201883A (en) * 2000-01-19 2001-07-27 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Electrophotographic photoreceptor, method for regenerating the same, process cartridge and image- forming device
JP3789075B2 (en) * 2000-01-31 2006-06-21 キヤノン株式会社 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP3793035B2 (en) * 2000-04-14 2006-07-05 キヤノン株式会社 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and method for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member
JP2001305773A (en) * 2000-04-19 2001-11-02 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Electrophotographic photoreceptor, cartridge and electrophotographic device
JP4401599B2 (en) * 2000-06-21 2010-01-20 キヤノン株式会社 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP2002040696A (en) * 2000-07-26 2002-02-06 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic image forming device
JP2002049167A (en) * 2000-07-31 2002-02-15 Canon Inc Electrophotographic device and process cartridge
JP3885471B2 (en) * 2000-08-23 2007-02-21 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Toner for developing electrostatic image, developer for developing two-component electrostatic image, and image forming method using the same
JP2002099105A (en) * 2000-09-26 2002-04-05 Canon Inc Manufacturing method for pigment for charge generating layer, electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same pigment for charge generating layer, process cartridge having the same electrophotographic photoreceptor, and electrophotographic device
JP2002107970A (en) * 2000-09-28 2002-04-10 Canon Inc Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic device
JP4261790B2 (en) * 2000-10-31 2009-04-30 キヤノン株式会社 Toner, image forming method and process cartridge
JP4209597B2 (en) * 2000-12-19 2009-01-14 株式会社リコー Toner for developing electrostatic image, latent image carrier, and image forming method and apparatus using the same
JP2002267317A (en) * 2001-03-13 2002-09-18 Toshiba Corp Refrigerator
JP3909839B2 (en) * 2001-09-21 2007-04-25 株式会社リコー Toner, developer, process cartridge, image forming method, and image forming apparatus
JP3888122B2 (en) * 2001-10-17 2007-02-28 コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 Toner for developing electrostatic image and method for producing the toner
JP2003316044A (en) * 2002-04-26 2003-11-06 Canon Inc Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2003316043A (en) 2003-11-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP3913148B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP3755856B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP4101668B2 (en) Organic photoconductive material, electrophotographic photosensitive member and image forming apparatus using the same
US7615326B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoconductor and image forming apparatus
JP3684068B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP4847251B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP2004264351A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and electrophotographic system
JP2012128355A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming apparatus using the same
JP3854895B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP2003005391A (en) Single layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP3913147B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP3897725B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP2008203528A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JPH1138648A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic device
JP3944028B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP4040165B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and image forming apparatus
JP2000162810A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
JP3980499B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member and image forming apparatus having the same
JP3987452B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member and image forming apparatus having the same
JP3559663B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
JP3913157B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP3728087B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, laser beam printer and electrophotographic process
JP2004175743A (en) Enamine comound and electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming apparatus using the same compound
JP2004045517A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor
JPH10301318A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and image forming device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20041210

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20060309

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20060403

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20060526

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20060904

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20060911

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090915

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100915

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100915

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110915

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110915

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120915

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120915

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130915

Year of fee payment: 7

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees