JP3684068B2 - Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus - Google Patents

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP3684068B2
JP3684068B2 JP12256398A JP12256398A JP3684068B2 JP 3684068 B2 JP3684068 B2 JP 3684068B2 JP 12256398 A JP12256398 A JP 12256398A JP 12256398 A JP12256398 A JP 12256398A JP 3684068 B2 JP3684068 B2 JP 3684068B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
group
formula
optionally substituted
photosensitive member
alkyl group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP12256398A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH11316466A (en
Inventor
秀敏 平野
孝和 田中
正隆 川原
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Priority to JP12256398A priority Critical patent/JP3684068B2/en
Publication of JPH11316466A publication Critical patent/JPH11316466A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3684068B2 publication Critical patent/JP3684068B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は電子写真感光体に関し、詳しくは特定の樹脂及び特定の電荷輸送材料を含有する表面層を有する電子写真感光体に関する。
【0002】
本発明は電子写真感光体、及び電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置に関し、詳しくは特定の樹脂を含有する表面層を有する電子写真感光体、及び電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置に関する。
【0003】
【従来の技術】
電子写真方法は、米国特許第2297691号公報に示されるように画像露光の間に受けた照射量に応じて電気抵抗が変化し、かつ暗所では絶縁性の物質をコーティングした支持体よりなる光導電性材料を用いる。この光導電性材料を用いた電子写真に要求される基本的な特性としては、(i)暗所で適当な電位に帯電できること、(ii)暗所において電位の散逸が少ないこと及び(iii)光照射によって速やかに電荷を散逸せしめること等が挙げられる。
【0004】
従来、電子写真感光体としてはセレン、酸化亜鉛、硫化カドミウム等の無機光導電性化合物を主成分とする感光層を有する無機感光体が広く使用されてきた。しかしこれらは、前記(i)〜(iii)の条件は満足するが熱安定性、耐湿性、耐久性、生産性において必ずしも満足できるものではなかった。
【0005】
無機感光体の欠点を克服する目的で、様々な有機光導電性化合物を主成分とする電子写真感光体の開発が近年盛んに行われている。例えば米国特許3837851号公報には、トリアリルピラゾリンを含有する電荷輸送層を有する感光体、米国特許3871880号公報には、ペリレン顔料の誘導体からなる電荷発生層と3−プロピレンとホルムアルデヒドの縮合体からなる電荷輸送層とからなる感光体等が公知である。
【0006】
更に有機光導電性化合物はその化合物によって、電子写真感光体の感光波長域を自由に選択することが可能であり、例えばアゾ顔料では特開昭61−272754号公報及び特開昭56−167759号公報に示された物質は、可視領域で高感度を示すものが開示されており、また特開昭57−19567号公報及び特開昭61−228453号公報で示された化合物は、赤外領域まで感度を有していることが示されている。これらの材料のうち赤外領域に感度を示すものは、近年進歩の著しいレーザービームプリンター(以下LBPと略す)やLEDプリンターに使用されその需要頻度は高くなってきている。
【0007】
これら有機光導電性化合物を用いた電子写真感光体は、電気的及び機械的双方の特性を満足させるために電荷輸送層と電荷発生層を積層させた機能分離型の感光体として利用される場合が多い。一方当然のことながら電子写真感光体には、適用される電子写真プロセスに応じた感度、電気的特性、更には光学的特性を備えていることが要求される。
【0008】
特に繰り返し使用される電子写真感光体においては、その電子写真感光体表面にはコロナまたは直接帯電、画像露光、トナー現像、転写工程、表面クリーニング等の電気的及び機械的外力が直接加えられるため、それらに対する耐久性も要求される。具体的には、帯電時のオゾン及び窒素酸化物による電気的劣化や、帯電時の放電、クリーニング、部材の摺擦によって表面が摩耗したり傷が発生したりする機械的劣化及び電気的劣化に対する耐久性が求められている。
【0009】
電気的劣化は、光が照射した部分にキャリアーが滞留し光が照射していない部分と電位差が生じる現象が特に問題であり、これはフォトメモリーとして生じる。機械的劣化は、特に無機感光体と異なり物質的に柔らかいものが多い有機感光体には、機械的劣化に対する耐久性が劣り耐久性向上は特に切望されているものである。上記のような感光体に要求される耐久特性を満足させるためにいろいろ試みがなされてきた。
【0010】
表面層によく使用され摩耗性及び電気特性に良好な樹脂としては、ビスフェノールAを骨格とするポリカーボネート樹脂が注目されているが、前述したような問題点全てを解決できるわけでもなく次のような問題点を有している。
【0011】
(i)溶解性に乏しく、ジクロロメタンや1,2−ジクロロエタン等のハロゲン化脂肪族炭化水素類の一部にしか良好な溶解性を示さないうえ、これらの溶剤は低沸点のため、これらの溶剤で調製した塗工液を用いて感光体を製造すると塗工面が白化し易い。また、塗工液の固形分管理等にも手間がかかる。
【0012】
(ii)ハロゲン化脂肪族炭化水素類以外の溶剤に対しては、テトラヒドラフラン、ジオキサン、シクロヘキサンノンあるいはそれらの混合溶剤に一部可溶であるが、その溶液は数日でゲル化するなど経時性が悪く感光体製造には不向きである。
【0013】
(iii)更に、上記(i)及び(ii)が改善されたとしても、ビスフェノールAを骨格とするポリカーボネート樹脂にはソルベントクラックが発生しやすい。
【0014】
(iiii)加えて従来のポリカーボネート樹脂では、形成された被膜に潤滑性が乏しいため感光体に傷がつき易く、電子写真感光体の摩耗量を低くするようなクリーニング設定では画像欠陥になったり、クリーニングブレードの早期の劣化によるクリーニング不良、トナー融着等が生じてしまうことがあった。
【0015】
前記(i)及び(ii)に挙げた溶液安定性については、ポリマーの構造単位として嵩高いシクロヘキシレン基を有するポリカーボネートZ樹脂を使用するか、ビスフェノールZ、ビスフェノールC等と共重合させることによって解決されてきた。
【0016】
ソルベントクラックについても特開平6−51544号及び特開平6−75415号公報に開示されているように、シリコン変成ポリカーボネート樹脂及びエーテル変成ポリカーボネート樹脂を用いることにより解決することが可能である。ところが、これら変成ポリカーボネート樹脂は、従来のポリカーボネート樹脂に比ベソルベントクラックを対策するために、ポリマー内の内部応力に対して柔軟性を持たしている構造をとっているため、その結果重合体本体の機械的強度が低下するという欠点があった。
【0017】
また、強度の向上のために特開平5−323630号公報に開示されているように、アリル基を持つポリカーボネート樹脂を熱あるいはエネルギーにて架橋させているが、この場合でも電荷輸送材料が低分子状態でいるため、強度の面やクラックの面で改善の余地が残されていた。さらに近年、特開昭57−17826号公報及び特開昭58−40566号公報に開示しあるような、帯電部材に直接電圧をかけ電子写真感光体に電荷を印加する直接帯電方式が主流となりつつある。
【0018】
これは導電ゴム等で構成されたローラー状の帯電部材を直接電子写真感光体に当接させ電荷を印加する方法であり、スコロトロン等に比べオゾン発生量が格段に少ない、スコロトロンは帯電器に流す電流の80%前後はシールドに流れるため浪費されるのに対して、直接帯電はこの浪費分が無く非常に経済的である等のメリットを持つ。
【0019】
しかし、直接帯電はパッシェン則による放電による帯電のため、帯電安定性が非常に悪いという欠点を持つ。この対策として直流電圧に交流電圧を重畳させた、いわゆるAC/DC帯電方式が考案されている(特開昭63−149668号公報)。
【0020】
この帯電方式により、帯電時の安定性は良化したがACを重畳するために電子写真感光体表面の放電量は大幅に増大してしまい、電子写真感光体の削れ量が増加してしまうという欠点を新たに生じてしまい、機械的強度のみならず電気的強度も要求されるようになってきた。
【0021】
【発明が解決しようとる課題】
本発明の目的は、従来の表面層が有していた問題点を解決し、優れた耐ソルベントクラック性を有し、機械的強度が強く、かつ直接帯電による放電に対する耐電気特性が良好であり、フォトメモリーの少ない電子写真感光体を提供することである。
【0022】
本発明の別の目的は、感光体の表面層の耐摩耗性及び潤滑性が向上し、長寿命で高画質な電子写真感光体、及び該電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置を提供することにある。
【0023】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明に従って、導電性支持体上に感光層を有する電子写真感光体の表面が下記式(1)で示される置換基を有する樹脂及び電荷輸送材料を縮合することで得られる化合物を含有し、
【0024】
【化7】

Figure 0003684068
(1)中、R1は置換されてもよいアルキル基またはアリール基を示し、R2は置換されてもよいアルキル基を示し、mは整数を示し、nは0≦n≦2の整数を示す
【0025】
該樹脂の主鎖構造が下記式(2)または(3)で示される構成単位を有する
【0026】
【化8】
Figure 0003684068
(2)中、X 1 は−CR9109及びR10は水素原子またはアルキル基である、置換されてもよいアルキレン基、シクロアルキリデン基、単結合、−O−または−S−を示し、1〜R8は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換されてもよいアルキル基、アリール基を示し、最低一つは式(1)で示される置換基を有する
【0027】
【化9】
Figure 0003684068
(式(3)中、X 2 は−CR 23 24 −[R 23 及びR 24 は水素原子またはアルキル基である]、置換されてもよいアルキレン基、シクロアルキリデン基、単結合、−O−または−S−を示し、R 11 〜R 18 は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換されてもよいアルキル基、アリール基を示し、最低一つは式(1)で示される置換基を有する。R 19 〜R 22 は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換されてもよいアルキル基、アルキレン基またはアリール基を示す)
【0028】
ことを特徴とする電子写真感光体。
【0029】
上記式(1)中、mは1〜5であることが好ましい。また上式中、アルキル基としてはメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、シクロヘキシル基及びシクロヘプチル基等が挙げられる。アリール基としてはフェニル基、ナフチル基及びアンスリル基等が挙げられる。シクロアルキリデン基としてはシクロヘキシリデン基、シクロヘプチリデン基及びフルオレニリデン基等が挙げられる。アルキレン基としては1,2−エチレン基、1,3−プロピレン基及び1,4−ブチレン基等が挙げられる。ハロゲン原子としてはフッ素原子、塩素原子及び臭素原子等が挙げられる。
【0030】
これらの基が有してもよい置換基としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子及び臭素原子等のハロゲン原子、メチル基、エチル基及びプロピル基等のアルキル基、フェニル基、ナフチル基及びアンスリル基等のアリール基、ベンジル基及びフェネチル基等のアラルキル基及びメトキシ基、エトキシ基及びプロポキシ基等のアルコキシ基等が挙げられる。なお、単結合とはX及びX2の両側のベンゼン環が直接結合していることを意味する。
【0031】
より更に本発明に従って、前記電荷輸送材料が式(4)、(5)及び(6)からなる群より少なくとも一つ選ばれる構造である電子写真感光体が提供される。
【0032】
【化10】
Figure 0003684068
式(4)おいて、Ar1及びAr2はフェニル、ナフチル及びアンスリル等の芳香環基を示す。Ar3はベンゼン、ナフタレン及びアントラセン等の芳香環またはチオフェン及びフラン等の複素環より2個の水素原子をとった2価の芳香環基または2価の複素環基を示す。R23はメチル、エチル、プロピル、及びブチル等のアルキル基またはフェニル基及びナフチル基等の芳香環基を示す。R24はメチル、エチル、プロピル、及びブチル等アルキル基;フェニル及びナフチル等の芳香環基または水素原子を示す。また、n1は1または2を示す。
【0033】
Ar1,Ar2,Ar3,R23及びR24は、いずれも置換基を有しても良く、有してもよい置換基としてはメチル、エチル、プロピル及びブチル等のアルキル基;メトキシ、エトキシ及びプロポキシ等のアルコキシ基;フェノキシ及びナフトキシ等のアリールオキシ基;フッ素、塩素及び臭素等のハロゲン原子;またはジメチルアミノ、ジエチルアミノ及びジフェニルアミノ等のジ置換アミノ基等が挙げられる。また、R23とR24は直接または炭素原子、硫黄原子及び酸素原子等を介して結合することにより環を形成してもよい。Ar1,Ar2,R23及びR24のいずれか最低一つは前記式(1)の置換基を有する。
【0034】
【化11】
Figure 0003684068
式(5)において、Ar4、Ar5及びAr6はフェニル、ナフチル、アンスリル、ピレニル、フルオレニル、フェナンスリル、9−10−ジヒドロフェナンスリル、キノリル、ジベンゾチェニル、ジベンゾフリル、n−メチルカルバゾール、n−エチルカルバゾール及びn−トリルカルバゾール等の複素環基を示す。
【0035】
Ar4,Ar5及びAr6はいずれも置換基を有しても良く、有してもよい置換基をしてはメチル、エチル、プロピル及びブチル等のアルキル基;ベンジル、フェネチル及びナフチルメチル等のアラルキル基;メトキシ、エトキシ及びプロポキシ等のアルコキシ基;フェノキシ及びナフトキシ等のアリールオキシ基;フッ素、塩素及び臭素等のハロゲン原子;フェニル及びビフェニル等の芳香環基;ジフェニルアミノ及びジトリルアミノ等のジアリールアミノ基;ジメチルアミノ及びジエチルアミノ等のジアルキルアミノ基;ジベンジルアミノ及びジフェネチルアミノ等のジアラルキルアミノ基;ベンジルメチルアミノ及びベンジルエチルアミノ等のアルキルアラルキルアミノ基;ニトロ基及びヒドロキシ基等が挙げられる。Ar4〜Ar6のいずれか最低一つは前記式(1)の置換基を有する。
【0036】
【化12】
Figure 0003684068
式(6)において、R25はメチル、エチル及びプロピル等のアルキル基または水素原子を示す。R26及びR27はメチル、エチル及びプロピル等のアルキル基、ベンジル及びフェネチル等のアラルキル基、またはフェニル、ナフチル及びアンスリル等の芳香環基を示す。なお、R26とR27は結合して環を形成してもよい。n2は1または2を示す。また、R25、R26及びR27はいずれも置換基を有しても良く、有してもよい置換基としてはメチル及びエチル等のアルキル基;メトキシ及びエトキシ等のアルコキシ基;またはフッ素、塩素及び臭素等のハロゲン原子が挙げられる。
【0037】
Aはフェニル、ナフチル、アンスリル及びピレニル等の芳香環基;チェニル、フリル、n−メチルカルバゾール及びn−エチルカルバゾール等の複素環基、または−CH=C(R28)R29(ここでR28とR29は水素原子、芳香環基または複素環基を示すが、R28とR29が同時に水素原子であることはない)を示す。また、これらの芳香環基及び複素環基は置換基を有しても良く、有してもよい置換基としてはメチル及びエチル等のアルキル基;メトキシ及びエトキシ等のアルコキシ基;フッ素、塩素及び臭素等のハロゲン原子;ジメチルアミノ及びジエチルアミノ等のジアルキルアミノ基;ジベンジルアミノ及びジフェネチルアミノ等のジアラルキルアミノ基;またはジフェニルアミノ及びジ(p−トリル)アミノ等のジアリールアミノ基等が挙げられる。R25〜R27及びAのいずれか最低一つは前記式(1)の置換基を有する。
【0038】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明においては、導電性支持体上に感光層を有する電子写真感光体において、電子写真感光体の表面層が、電荷輸送材料をシロキサン結合で側鎖に導入した樹脂を含有する。前記樹脂は、例えば反応可能なアルコキシシリル基を側鎖に有するポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリアリレート樹脂、ポリシロキサン樹脂と反応可能なアルコキシシリル基を有する電荷輸送材料とを加水分解反応により縮合させることによって得られる。
【0039】
上記反応可能なアルコキシシリル基を側鎖に有する樹脂及び反応可能なアルコキシシリル基を有する電荷輸送材料は、例えば定法で合成された下記式で示される末端不飽和結合を含む置換基を有する樹脂、もしくは電荷輸送材料と相当するアルコキシシランとを触媒存在下で反応させることにより得られる。
―(CH2)y―CH=CH2 (式中、yは0以上の整数を示す)
【0040】
以下に、上記反応可能なアルコキシシリル基を側鎖に有する樹脂の繰り返し構成単位の具体例を示すが、これらに限定されるものではない。
【0041】
【化13】
Figure 0003684068
【0042】
【化14】
Figure 0003684068
【0043】
【化15】
Figure 0003684068
【0044】
【化16】
Figure 0003684068
【0045】
【化17】
Figure 0003684068
【0046】
【化18】
Figure 0003684068
【0047】
【化19】
Figure 0003684068
【0048】
【化20】
Figure 0003684068
【0049】
【化21】
Figure 0003684068
【0050】
更に以下に、上記反応可能なアルコキシシリル基を有する電荷輸送材料の具体例を示すが、これらに限定されるものではない。
【0051】
【化22】
Figure 0003684068
【0052】
【化23】
Figure 0003684068
【0053】
【化24】
Figure 0003684068
【0054】
本発明による電荷輸送層は、低分子成分である電荷輸送材料を樹脂の側鎖にシロキサン結合にて導入しているため、機械的強度に優れていると考えられている。また、反応可能なアルコキシシリル基を2つ以上持つ電荷輸送材料を使用する場合、樹脂と電荷輸送材料とが架橋構造をとるため、特に機械的強度の向上がみられる。この架橋構造により、耐ソルベントクラック性は大きく向上され、更にシロキサン結合による架橋のため、帯電による劣化も小さくなっていると考えられる。また、樹脂中に電荷輸送材料を取り込んでいることで、電荷発生層との電荷のやりとりがよりスムーズになるため、フォトメモリー特性の良化につながっていると考えられる。
【0055】
本発明の電子写真感光体においては、本発明による樹脂の構成単位が単一のものであっても、2種類以上の別種の構成単位からなる共重合体でもよい。更に、ポリカーボネート樹脂やポリアリレート樹脂等の既存の樹脂と共重合体を形成してもよい。ただしこの場合は、本発明による樹脂成分が10〜90mol%存在するのが好ましく、より好ましくは20〜70mol%である。
【0056】
本発明の電子写真感光体においては、本発明による電荷輸送材料が1種類であっても、2種類以上の別種のものであってもよい。更に、既存の電荷輸送材料と混合して使用してもよい。ただしこの場合は、本発明による電荷輸送成分が10〜90mol%存在するのが好ましく、より好ましくは20〜70mol%である。
【0057】
以下本発明に用いる電子写真感光体の構成について説明する。本発明における電子写真感光体は、感光層が電荷輸送材料と電荷発生材料を同一の層に含有する単層型であっても、電荷輸送層と電荷発生層に分離した積層型でもよいが、電子写真特性的には積層型が好ましい。
【0058】
使用する導電性支持体は、導電性を有するものであれば良くアルミニウム、ステンレス等の金属、あるいは導電層を設けた金属、紙、プラスチック等が挙げられ形状はシート状、円筒状等が挙げられる。
【0059】
LBPなど画像入力がレーザー光の場合は、散乱による干渉縞防止または支持体の傷を被覆することを目的とした導電層を設けてもよい。これはカーボンブラック及び金属粒子等の導電性粉体をバインダー樹脂に分散させて形成することができる。導電層の膜厚は5〜40μm、好ましくは10〜30μmが適当である。
【0060】
その上に接着機能を有する中間層を設ける。中間層の材料としては、ポリアミド、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエチレンオキシド、エチルセルロース、カゼイン、ポリウレタン、ポリエーテルウレタン等が挙げられる。これらは適当な溶剤に溶解して塗布される。中間層の膜厚は0.05〜5μm、好ましくは0.3〜1μmが適当である。
【0061】
中間層の上には電荷発生層が形成される。本発明に用いられる電荷発生材料としては、セレン−テルル、ピリリウム、チアピリリウム系染科、フタロシアニン、アントアントロン、ジべンズピレンキノン、トリスアゾ、シアニン、ジスアゾ、モノアゾ、インジゴ、キナクリドン、非対称キノシアニン系の各顔料が挙げられる。
【0062】
機能分離型の場合、電荷発生層は前記電荷発生材料を0.3〜4倍量のバインダー樹脂及び溶剤と共にホモジナイザー、超音波分散、ボールミル、振動ボールミル、サンドミル、アトライター、ロールミル及び液衝突型高速分散機等の方法で良く分散し、分散液を塗布、乾燥させて形成される。電荷発生層の膜厚は5μm以下、好ましくは0.1〜2μmが適当である。
【0063】
電荷輸送層は、主として本発明からなるバインダー樹脂と電荷輸送材料とを溶剤中に溶解させた塗料を塗工乾燥して形成する。電荷輸送材料は0.5〜2倍量のバインダー樹脂と組み合わされ塗工、乾燥し電荷輸送層を形成する。電荷輸送層の膜厚は5〜40μm、好ましくは15〜30μmが適当である。
【0064】
本発明においては、前もって電荷輸送材料と樹脂とを部分的に反応させてシロキサン結合を持たせてもよい。この場合には、感光体への塗布に支障のない溶液、または分散液であれば用いることができる。
【0065】
また、上記電荷輸送材料と樹脂の架橋硬化には、必ずしも触媒が必要ではないが、硬化に要する時間及び硬化温度等を考慮してジブチル錫ジアセテート、ジブチル錫ジウラレート、ジブチル錫オクマエート等のアルキル錫有機酸塩等またはノルマルブチルチタネート等の有機チタン酸エステルから適宜選択される。
【0066】
図1に本発明の電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジを有する電子写真装置の概略構成を示す。
【0067】
図1において、1はドラム状の本発明の電子写真感光体であり、軸2を中心に矢印方向に所定の周速度で回転駆動される。感光体1は、回転過程において、一次帯電手段3によりその周面に正または負の所定電位の均一帯電を受け、次いで、スリット露光やレーザービーム走査露光等の像露光手段(不図示)からの画像露光光4を受ける。こうして感光体1の周面に静電潜像が順次形成されていく。
【0068】
形成された静電潜像は、次いで現像手段5によりトナー現像され、現像されたトナー現像像は、不図示の給紙部から感光体1と転写手段6との間に感光体1の回転と同期取り出されて給紙された転写材7に、転写手段6により順次転写されていく。像転写を受けた転写材7は、感光体面から分離されて像定着手段8へ導入されて像定着を受けることにより複写物(コピー)として装置外へプリントアウトされる。
【0069】
像転写後の感光体1の表面は、クリーニング手段9によって転写残りトナーの除去を受けて清浄面化され、更に前露光手段(不図示)からの前露光光10により除電処理された後、繰り返し画像形成に使用される。なお、一次帯電手段3が帯電ローラー等を用いた接触帯電手段である場合は、前露光は必ずしも必要ではない。
【0070】
本発明においては、上述の電子写真感光体1、一次帯電手段3、現像手段5及びクリーニング手段9等の構成要素のうち、複数のものをプロセスカートリッジとして一体に結合して構成し、このプロセスカートリッジを複写機やレーザービームプリンター等の電子写真装置本体に対して着脱可能に構成してもよい。例えば、一次帯電手段3、現像手段5及びクリーニング手段9の少なくとも1つを感光体1と共に一体に支持してカートリッジ化して、装置本体のレール12等の案内手段を用いて装置本体に着脱可能なプロセスカートリッジ11とすることができる。
【0071】
また、画像露光光4は、電子写真装置が複写機やプリンターである場合には、原稿からの反射光や透過光、あるいは、センサーで原稿を読取り、信号化し、この信号に従って行われるレーザービームの走査、LEDアレイの駆動及び液晶シャッターアレイの駆動等により照射される光である。
【0072】
本発明の電子写真感光体は電子写真複写機に利用するのみならず、レーザービームプリンター、CRTプリンター、LEDプリンター、液晶プリンター及びレーザー製版等電子写真応用分野にも広く用いることができる。
【0073】
【実施例】
以下実施例に従って説明する。また、実施例中の「部」は重量部を示す。重量平均分子量はゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)で測定した。
【0074】
(合成例1)
各構造を有するモノマーを用いて、常法により得たれた下記構造式で示される繰り返し単位を有するポリカーボネート樹脂(重量平均分子量:30000)5g
【0075】
【化25】
Figure 0003684068
を乾燥トルエン300mlに溶解し、トリエトキシシラン1gと塩化白金酸1mgを加え、窒素気流下50℃で4時間加熱撹拌を行った。放冷後、反応液をヘキサンに注ぎ、構成単位例No.8の構造単位を有する樹脂を4.5g(収率62.2%)得た。
【0076】
(合成例2)
下記構造式で示される繰り返し単位を有するポリアリレート樹脂(重量平均分子量:35000)6g
【0077】
【化26】
Figure 0003684068
を乾燥トルエン500mlに溶解し、トリエトキシシラン2.8gと塩化白金酸1mgを加え、窒素気流下50℃で6時間加熱撹拌を行った。放冷後、反応液をヘキサンに注ぎ、構成単位例No.27の構造単位を有する樹脂を6.4g(収率65.3%)得た。
【0078】
(合成例3)
下記構造式で示される構造を有する電荷輸送材料4g
【0079】
【化27】
Figure 0003684068
を乾燥トルエン500mlに溶解し、トリエトキシシラン1.8gと塩化白金酸1mgを加え、窒素気流下50℃で6時間加熱撹拌を行った。放冷後、反応液を吸引濾過し、濾液を減圧下で除去した。残留物をシリカゲルカラムで分離精製を行い電荷輸送材料No.(2)―7を3.8g得た。
【0080】
(合成例4)
常法により合成された4−(N,N−ジトリルアミノ)ベンジルクロライト3gを乾燥トルエン500mlに溶解し、トリクロロシラン1.5gとトリエチルアミン0.94gを加え、窒素気流下50℃で2時間加熱撹拌を行った。放冷後、溶液の中性を確認してメタノール500mlを加え、3時間攪拌を行った。その後溶剤を留去し、電荷輸送材料No.(2)−13を2.2g得た。
【0081】
以下実施例に従って説明するが、実施例中の樹脂No.1〜15は前記合成例と同様の方法で合成した。また、実施例中の電荷輸送材料は前記合成例と同様の方法で合成した。具体的な構造については、相当するアルコキシシリル基含有樹脂の構成単位例及びアルコキシシリル基含有電荷輸送材料の構造例に示した。
【0082】
(実施例1)
φ30mm、長さ254mmのAlシリンダーを支持体とし、それに以下の材料より構成される塗料を支持体上に浸漬法で塗布し140℃、30分熱硬化して15μmの導電層を形成した。
【0083】
導電性顔料:SnO2コート処理硫酸バリウム 10部
抵抗調節用顔料:酸化チタン 2部
バインダー樹脂:フェノール樹脂 6部
レベリング材:シリコーンオイル 0.001部
溶剤:メタノール/メトキシプロパノール(0.2/0.8) 20部
【0084】
次に、この導電層上にN―メトキジメチル化ナイロン3部及び共重合ナイロン3部をメタノール65部/nブタノール30部の混合溶媒に溶解した溶液を浸漬法で塗布し0.5μmの中間層を形成した。
【0085】
次にCuKαのX線回折におけるブラッグ角2θ±0.2度の9.0度、14.2度、23.9度、27.1度に強いピークを有するオキシチタニウムフタロシアン(TiOPc)4部とポリビニルブチラール(商品名:エスレックBM2、積水化学製)2部及びシクロヘキサノン60部をφ1mmガラスビーズを用いたサンドミル装置で4時間分散した後、エチルアセテート100部を加えて電荷発生層用分散液を調製した。これを浸漬法で塗布し0.2μmの電荷発生層を形成した。
【0086】
次に前記合成例に従って合成した電荷輸送材料例No.(2)―7記載の化合物10部と前記合成例に従って合成した表1の樹脂No.1記載の重合体10部をモノクロロベンゼン30部/ジクロロメタン70部の混合溶媒に溶解した。この塗料を浸漬法で塗布し120℃、2時間乾燥し25μmの電荷輸送層を形成した。
【0087】
次に評価について説明する。装置はヒューレットパッカード製LBP「レーザージェット4plus」(プロセススピード71mm/sec)を改造して用いた。改造は一次帯電の制御を定電流制御から定電圧制御とした。作成した電子写真感光体をこの装置で28℃、90%RH下で通紙耐久を行った。シーケンスはプリント1枚ごとに1回停止する間欠モードとした。トナーが無くなったならば補給し画像で問題が生じるまで耐久試験を行った。
【0088】
研磨テープを用いたテーパー摩耗試験機を用い、20分摩耗させその時の重量減少分を測定した。また、電子写真感光体の一部に3000Lux、20分間の白色蛍光灯の光を当て、4分間放置後明部電位を測定し光を当てる前から明部電位がどれだけ低下したかを測定しフォトメモリー値とした。更に、耐ソルベントクラック性は、表面に指脂を付着させ72時間放置し顕微鏡観察によりソルベントクラックの有無を観察した。その結果を表2に示した。
【0089】
(実施例2〜15)
電荷輸送層の電荷輸送材料と樹脂を表2に示したものを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に電子写真感光体を作製し評価した。その結果を表2に示した。
【0090】
【表1】
Figure 0003684068
【0091】
【表2】
Figure 0003684068
【0092】
(比較例1)
電荷輸送層を以下の手順で形成した他は、実施例1と同様にして電子写真感光体を作製した。
【0093】
下記構造式のアミン化合物10部と、
【0094】
【化28】
Figure 0003684068
表1の樹脂No.1記載の重合体10部をモノクロロベンゼン30部/ジクロロメタン70部の混合溶媒に溶解した。この塗料を浸漬法で塗布し120℃、2時間乾燥し25μmの電荷輸送層を形成した。
【0095】
(比較例2)
電荷輸送層のバインダーに前記式(5)に示す樹脂を用いた以外は、比較例1と同様にして電子写真感光体を作製した。
【0096】
比較例1、2の電子写真感光体について評価した結果を表3に示す。
【0097】
【表3】
Figure 0003684068
【0098】
【発明の効果】
本発明の電子写真感光体は、優れた耐ソルベントクラック性を有し、機械的強度が強く、かつ直接帯電による放電に対する耐電気特性が良好であり、フォトメモリーの少ない電子写真感光体を提供することが可能となった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジを有する電子写真装置の概略構成の例を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and more particularly to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a surface layer containing a specific resin and a specific charge transport material.
[0002]
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge having an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus, and more specifically, an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer containing a specific resin, and a process cartridge having an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and The present invention relates to an electrophotographic apparatus.
[0003]
[Prior art]
In the electrophotographic method, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,297,691, an electric resistance is changed according to an irradiation amount received during image exposure, and a light comprising a support coated with an insulating material in a dark place. A conductive material is used. The basic characteristics required for electrophotography using this photoconductive material are (i) that it can be charged to an appropriate potential in a dark place, (ii) less potential dissipation in the dark place, and (iii) For example, the charge can be quickly dissipated by light irradiation.
[0004]
Conventionally, as an electrophotographic photosensitive member, an inorganic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer mainly composed of an inorganic photoconductive compound such as selenium, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide has been widely used. However, these satisfy the above conditions (i) to (iii) but are not necessarily satisfactory in terms of thermal stability, moisture resistance, durability, and productivity.
[0005]
In order to overcome the drawbacks of inorganic photoreceptors, electrophotographic photoreceptors based on various organic photoconductive compounds as main components have been actively developed in recent years. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,378,851 discloses a photoreceptor having a charge transport layer containing triallyl pyrazoline, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,871,880 discloses a charge generation layer composed of a derivative of perylene pigment, a condensate of 3-propylene and formaldehyde. A photoconductor comprising a charge transport layer comprising, is known.
[0006]
Furthermore, the organic photoconductive compound can freely select the photosensitive wavelength range of the electrophotographic photosensitive member depending on the compound. For example, for azo pigments, JP-A 61-272754 and JP-A 56-167759. The substances disclosed in the gazette have been disclosed to exhibit high sensitivity in the visible region, and the compounds disclosed in JP-A-57-19567 and JP-A-61-228453 are disclosed in the infrared region. It is shown that it has sensitivity. Of these materials, those showing sensitivity in the infrared region are used in laser beam printers (hereinafter abbreviated as LBP) and LED printers that have made remarkable progress in recent years, and the frequency of demand thereof has increased.
[0007]
When an electrophotographic photoreceptor using these organic photoconductive compounds is used as a function-separated photoreceptor in which a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer are laminated in order to satisfy both electrical and mechanical characteristics. There are many. On the other hand, as a matter of course, the electrophotographic photoreceptor is required to have sensitivity, electrical characteristics, and optical characteristics according to the applied electrophotographic process.
[0008]
In particular, in an electrophotographic photosensitive member that is repeatedly used, an electrical and mechanical external force such as corona or direct charging, image exposure, toner development, transfer process, and surface cleaning is directly applied to the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. Durability against them is also required. Specifically, it can be used for electrical degradation caused by ozone and nitrogen oxides during charging, and mechanical and electrical degradation such as discharge and cleaning during charging, and surface wear and scratches caused by sliding of members. Durability is required.
[0009]
The electrical deterioration is particularly a phenomenon in which a carrier is accumulated in a portion irradiated with light and a potential difference is generated from a portion not irradiated with light, which occurs as a photo memory. In particular, organic photoreceptors, which are often materially soft unlike inorganic photoreceptors, are inferior in durability against mechanical deterioration, and improvement in durability is particularly desired. Various attempts have been made to satisfy the durability characteristics required for the photoreceptor as described above.
[0010]
A polycarbonate resin having a bisphenol A skeleton as a resin that is often used for the surface layer and has good wear and electrical properties has attracted attention. However, the following problems cannot be solved and the following is not possible. Has a problem.
[0011]
(I) These solvents are poor in solubility, exhibit good solubility only in a part of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane, and these solvents have low boiling points. When the photoconductor is produced using the coating solution prepared in (1), the coated surface is likely to be whitened. Moreover, it takes time and effort to manage the solid content of the coating liquid.
[0012]
(Ii) For solvents other than halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, it is partially soluble in tetrahydrafuran, dioxane, cyclohexane, or a mixed solvent thereof, but the solution gels in several days, etc. It has poor aging properties and is not suitable for the production of a photoreceptor.
[0013]
(Iii) Furthermore, even if the above (i) and (ii) are improved, solvent cracks are likely to occur in the polycarbonate resin having bisphenol A as a skeleton.
[0014]
(Iii) In addition, in the conventional polycarbonate resin, the formed film has poor lubricity, so that the photoreceptor is easily damaged, and an image defect is caused in a cleaning setting that reduces the wear amount of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, In some cases, cleaning defects, toner fusion, and the like may occur due to early deterioration of the cleaning blade.
[0015]
The solution stability mentioned in the above (i) and (ii) can be solved by using a polycarbonate Z resin having a bulky cyclohexylene group as a polymer structural unit, or by copolymerizing with bisphenol Z, bisphenol C or the like. It has been.
[0016]
Solvent cracks can also be solved by using a silicon-modified polycarbonate resin and an ether-modified polycarbonate resin, as disclosed in JP-A-6-51544 and JP-A-6-75415. However, these modified polycarbonate resins have a structure that is flexible against internal stress in the polymer in order to counteract the solvent cracks compared to conventional polycarbonate resins. There was a drawback that the mechanical strength of the steel was lowered.
[0017]
Further, as disclosed in JP-A-5-323630, a polycarbonate resin having an allyl group is crosslinked with heat or energy to improve the strength. As a result, there was room for improvement in terms of strength and cracks. In recent years, a direct charging method in which a voltage is directly applied to a charging member and a charge is applied to an electrophotographic photosensitive member as disclosed in JP-A-57-17826 and JP-A-58-40566 has become mainstream. It's getting on.
[0018]
This is a method in which a roller-shaped charging member made of conductive rubber or the like is directly brought into contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member to apply a charge. The amount of ozone generated is much smaller than that of a scorotron or the like. About 80% of the current is wasted because it flows to the shield, whereas direct charging has the merit of being very economical since there is no wasted amount.
[0019]
However, direct charging has a drawback that charging stability is very poor because it is charged by discharge according to Paschen's law. As a countermeasure, a so-called AC / DC charging system in which an AC voltage is superimposed on a DC voltage has been devised (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-149668).
[0020]
This charging method improves the stability during charging, but the amount of discharge on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is greatly increased due to superposition of AC, and the amount of abrasion of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is increased. New defects have arisen, and not only mechanical strength but also electrical strength has been required.
[0021]
The present invention is that you try to solve]
The object of the present invention is to solve the problems of conventional surface layers, to have excellent solvent crack resistance, strong mechanical strength, and good resistance to electric discharge due to direct charging. An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member with little photo memory.
[0022]
Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member with improved wear resistance and lubricity of the surface layer of the photosensitive member, a long life and high image quality, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member. It is to provide.
[0023]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In accordance with the present invention, the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support contains a compound obtained by condensing a resin having a substituent represented by the following formula (1) and a charge transport material ,
[0024]
[Chemical 7]
Figure 0003684068
(In the formula (1), R 1 represents an optionally substituted alkyl group or an aryl group, R 2 is shows the alkyl group which may be substituted, m is an integer, n represents 0 ≦ n ≦ 2 Indicates an integer )
[0025]
The main chain structure of the resin has a structural unit represented by the following formula (2) or (3).
[Chemical 8]
Figure 0003684068
(In the formula (2), X 1 is -CR 9 R 10 - [R 9 and R 10 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group], an optionally substituted alkylene group, a cycloalkylidene group, a single bond, -O- Or -S- , wherein R 1 to R 8 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group or an aryl group, and at least one has a substituent represented by the formula (1) )
[0027]
[Chemical 9]
Figure 0003684068
(In formula (3), X 2 is —CR 23 R 24 — [R 23 and R 24 are a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group], an optionally substituted alkylene group, a cycloalkylidene group, a single bond, —O— Or -S-, wherein R 11 to R 18 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group or an aryl group, and at least one has a substituent represented by the formula (1): R 19 to R 22 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group, an alkylene group or an aryl group)
[0028]
An electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized by the above.
[0029]
In said formula (1), it is preferable that m is 1-5. In the above formula, examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthryl group. Examples of the cycloalkylidene group include a cyclohexylidene group, a cycloheptylidene group, and a fluorenylidene group. Examples of the alkylene group include a 1,2-ethylene group, a 1,3-propylene group, and a 1,4-butylene group. Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and a bromine atom.
[0030]
Examples of the substituent that these groups may have include a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and a bromine atom, an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group and a propyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group and an anthryl group. Examples thereof include aralkyl groups such as aryl group, benzyl group and phenethyl group, and alkoxy groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group and propoxy group. The single bond means that the benzene rings on both sides of X and X 2 are directly bonded.
[0031]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, there is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein the charge transport material has a structure selected from the group consisting of formulas (4), (5) and (6).
[0032]
[Chemical Formula 10]
Figure 0003684068
In the formula (4), Ar 1 and Ar 2 represent aromatic ring groups such as phenyl, naphthyl and anthryl. Ar 3 represents an aromatic ring such as benzene, naphthalene and anthracene, or a divalent aromatic group or a divalent heterocyclic group in which two hydrogen atoms are taken from a heterocyclic ring such as thiophene and furan. R 23 represents an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl, or an aromatic ring group such as a phenyl group and a naphthyl group. R 24 represents an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl; an aromatic ring group such as phenyl and naphthyl or a hydrogen atom. N1 represents 1 or 2.
[0033]
Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , R 23 and R 24 may all have a substituent, and examples of the substituent which may be present include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl; methoxy, Examples thereof include alkoxy groups such as ethoxy and propoxy; aryloxy groups such as phenoxy and naphthoxy; halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine; or disubstituted amino groups such as dimethylamino, diethylamino and diphenylamino. R 23 and R 24 may form a ring directly or through a carbon atom, sulfur atom, oxygen atom or the like. At least one of Ar 1 , Ar 2 , R 23 and R 24 has the substituent of formula (1).
[0034]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
In the formula (5), Ar 4 , Ar 5 and Ar 6 are phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, pyrenyl, fluorenyl, phenanthryl, 9-10-dihydrophenanthryl, quinolyl, dibenzothenyl, dibenzofuryl, n-methylcarbazole, Heterocyclic groups such as n-ethylcarbazole and n-tolylcarbazole are shown.
[0035]
Ar 4 , Ar 5 and Ar 6 may all have a substituent, and the substituent which may be present includes an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl; benzyl, phenethyl and naphthylmethyl, etc. Aralkyl groups such as methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy; aryloxy groups such as phenoxy and naphthoxy; halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine; aromatic ring groups such as phenyl and biphenyl; diarylaminos such as diphenylamino and ditolylamino A dialkylamino group such as dimethylamino and diethylamino; a diaralkylamino group such as dibenzylamino and diphenethylamino; an alkylaralkylamino group such as benzylmethylamino and benzylethylamino; a nitro group and a hydroxy group. At least one of Ar 4 to Ar 6 has the substituent of the formula (1).
[0036]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
In the formula (6), R 25 represents an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl and propyl, or a hydrogen atom. R 26 and R 27 represent alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl and propyl, aralkyl groups such as benzyl and phenethyl, or aromatic ring groups such as phenyl, naphthyl and anthryl. R 26 and R 27 may combine to form a ring. n2 represents 1 or 2. R 25 , R 26, and R 27 may all have a substituent. Examples of the substituent that may be present include alkyl groups such as methyl and ethyl; alkoxy groups such as methoxy and ethoxy; or fluorine, And halogen atoms such as chlorine and bromine.
[0037]
A is an aromatic ring group such as phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, and pyrenyl; a heterocyclic group such as cenyl, furyl, n-methylcarbazole, and n-ethylcarbazole; or —CH═C (R 28 ) R 29 (where R 28 And R 29 represents a hydrogen atom, an aromatic ring group or a heterocyclic group, but R 28 and R 29 are not simultaneously a hydrogen atom). In addition, these aromatic ring groups and heterocyclic groups may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent that may be included are alkyl groups such as methyl and ethyl; alkoxy groups such as methoxy and ethoxy; fluorine, chlorine and Halogen atoms such as bromine; dialkylamino groups such as dimethylamino and diethylamino; diaralkylamino groups such as dibenzylamino and diphenethylamino; or diarylamino groups such as diphenylamino and di (p-tolyl) amino . At least one of R 25 to R 27 and A has the substituent of formula (1).
[0038]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, in an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a resin in which a charge transport material is introduced into a side chain by a siloxane bond. The resin can be obtained by, for example, condensing a polycarbonate resin having a reactive alkoxysilyl group in the side chain, a polyarylate resin, or a charge transporting material having an alkoxysilyl group reactive with a polysiloxane resin by a hydrolysis reaction. .
[0039]
The resin having a reactive alkoxysilyl group in the side chain and the charge transporting material having a reactive alkoxysilyl group are, for example, a resin having a substituent containing a terminal unsaturated bond represented by the following formula synthesized by a conventional method, Alternatively, it can be obtained by reacting a charge transport material with a corresponding alkoxysilane in the presence of a catalyst.
- (CH 2) y-CH = CH 2 ( wherein, y represents an integer of 0 or more)
[0040]
Although the specific example of the repeating structural unit of the resin which has the alkoxysilyl group which can react above in the side chain is shown, it is not limited to these.
[0041]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
[0042]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
[0043]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
[0044]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
[0045]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
[0046]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
[0047]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
[0048]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
[0049]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
[0050]
Specific examples of the charge transport material having a reactive alkoxysilyl group are shown below, but the invention is not limited thereto.
[0051]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
[0052]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
[0053]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
[0054]
The charge transport layer according to the present invention is considered to have excellent mechanical strength because a charge transport material, which is a low molecular component, is introduced into the side chain of the resin through a siloxane bond. Further, when a charge transport material having two or more reactive alkoxysilyl groups is used, since the resin and the charge transport material have a crosslinked structure, the mechanical strength is particularly improved. It is considered that the solvent crack resistance is greatly improved by this cross-linked structure, and further, the deterioration due to charging is reduced due to the cross-linking by the siloxane bond. In addition, since the charge transport material is incorporated in the resin, the exchange of charges with the charge generation layer becomes smoother, which is thought to improve the photomemory characteristics.
[0055]
In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, the resin according to the present invention may be a single structural unit or a copolymer composed of two or more different structural units. Further, a copolymer may be formed with an existing resin such as polycarbonate resin or polyarylate resin. In this case, however, the resin component according to the present invention is preferably present in an amount of 10 to 90 mol%, more preferably 20 to 70 mol%.
[0056]
In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, the charge transport material according to the present invention may be one type or two or more different types. Furthermore, you may mix and use the existing charge transport material. However, in this case, the charge transport component according to the present invention is preferably present in an amount of 10 to 90 mol%, more preferably 20 to 70 mol%.
[0057]
The structure of the electrophotographic photoreceptor used in the present invention will be described below. In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, the photosensitive layer may be a single layer type in which the charge transport material and the charge generation material are contained in the same layer, or may be a stacked type in which the charge transport layer and the charge generation layer are separated, From the viewpoint of electrophotographic characteristics, a laminated type is preferable.
[0058]
Any conductive support may be used as long as it has conductivity. Examples thereof include metals such as aluminum and stainless steel, metals provided with a conductive layer, paper, plastics, and the like. Examples of the shape include a sheet shape and a cylindrical shape. .
[0059]
When the image input such as LBP is laser light, a conductive layer may be provided for the purpose of preventing interference fringes due to scattering or covering scratches on the support. This can be formed by dispersing conductive powder such as carbon black and metal particles in a binder resin. The thickness of the conductive layer is 5 to 40 μm, preferably 10 to 30 μm.
[0060]
An intermediate layer having an adhesive function is provided thereon. Examples of the material for the intermediate layer include polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, ethyl cellulose, casein, polyurethane, and polyether urethane. These are dissolved in an appropriate solvent and applied. The thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.05 to 5 μm, preferably 0.3 to 1 μm.
[0061]
A charge generation layer is formed on the intermediate layer. Examples of the charge generating material used in the present invention include selenium-tellurium, pyrylium, thiapyrylium dyes, phthalocyanine, anthanthrone, dibenspyrenequinone, trisazo, cyanine, disazo, monoazo, indigo, quinacridone, and asymmetric quinocyanine pigments. Can be mentioned.
[0062]
In the case of the function separation type, the charge generation layer is composed of the above charge generation material with a binder resin and a solvent in an amount of 0.3 to 4 times, a homogenizer, an ultrasonic dispersion, a ball mill, a vibration ball mill, a sand mill, an attritor, a roll mill, and a liquid collision type high speed. It is well dispersed by a method such as a disperser, and formed by applying and drying the dispersion. The film thickness of the charge generation layer is 5 μm or less, preferably 0.1 to 2 μm.
[0063]
The charge transport layer is formed by coating and drying a paint in which the binder resin and the charge transport material mainly composed of the present invention are dissolved in a solvent. The charge transport material is combined with 0.5 to 2 times the amount of the binder resin, coated and dried to form a charge transport layer. The thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 to 40 μm, preferably 15 to 30 μm.
[0064]
In the present invention, the charge transport material and the resin may be partially reacted in advance to have a siloxane bond. In this case, any solution or dispersion that does not interfere with application to the photoreceptor can be used.
[0065]
In addition, a catalyst is not necessarily required for the crosslinking and curing of the charge transporting material and the resin, but an alkyl tin such as dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin diurarate, and dibutyltin ocumaate is considered in consideration of the time required for curing and the curing temperature. It is suitably selected from organic titanates such as organic acid salts or normal butyl titanates.
[0066]
FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
[0067]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, which is rotationally driven around a shaft 2 in the direction of an arrow at a predetermined peripheral speed. In the rotation process, the photosensitive member 1 is uniformly charged at a predetermined positive or negative potential on its peripheral surface by the primary charging unit 3, and then from an image exposure unit (not shown) such as slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure. The image exposure light 4 is received. In this way, electrostatic latent images are sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoreceptor 1.
[0068]
The formed electrostatic latent image is then developed with toner by the developing unit 5, and the developed toner developed image is rotated between the photosensitive member 1 and the transfer unit 6 from a sheet feeding unit (not shown). The image is sequentially transferred by the transfer means 6 to the transfer material 7 that is synchronously taken out and fed. The transfer material 7 that has received the image transfer is separated from the surface of the photosensitive member, introduced into the image fixing means 8, and subjected to image fixing, thereby being printed out as a copy (copy).
[0069]
After the image transfer, the surface of the photoreceptor 1 is cleaned by removing the transfer residual toner by the cleaning unit 9 and further subjected to charge removal processing by the pre-exposure light 10 from the pre-exposure unit (not shown), and then repeatedly. Used for image formation. When the primary charging unit 3 is a contact charging unit using a charging roller or the like, pre-exposure is not always necessary.
[0070]
In the present invention, a plurality of components such as the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, the primary charging unit 3, the developing unit 5 and the cleaning unit 9 described above are integrally coupled as a process cartridge. May be configured to be detachable from an electrophotographic apparatus main body such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer. For example, at least one of the primary charging unit 3, the developing unit 5, and the cleaning unit 9 is integrally supported together with the photosensitive member 1 to form a cartridge, and can be attached to and detached from the apparatus main body using guide means such as a rail 12 of the apparatus main body. The process cartridge 11 can be obtained.
[0071]
Further, when the electrophotographic apparatus is a copying machine or a printer, the image exposure light 4 is a reflected light or transmitted light from a document, or a signal is read out from a document by a sensor, and a laser beam performed according to this signal. Light emitted by scanning, LED array driving, liquid crystal shutter array driving, and the like.
[0072]
The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention can be used not only in electrophotographic copying machines but also widely in electrophotographic application fields such as laser beam printers, CRT printers, LED printers, liquid crystal printers, and laser plate making.
[0073]
【Example】
A description will be given below in accordance with examples. Further, “parts” in the examples represent parts by weight. The weight average molecular weight was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
[0074]
(Synthesis Example 1)
Polycarbonate resin having a repeating unit represented by the following structural formula obtained by a conventional method using a monomer having each structure (weight average molecular weight: 30000) 5 g
[0075]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
Was dissolved in 300 ml of dry toluene, 1 g of triethoxysilane and 1 mg of chloroplatinic acid were added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 50 ° C. for 4 hours under a nitrogen stream. After standing to cool, the reaction solution was poured into hexane, and constitutional unit examples No. 4.5 g (yield 62.2%) of a resin having 8 structural units was obtained.
[0076]
(Synthesis Example 2)
6 g of polyarylate resin having a repeating unit represented by the following structural formula (weight average molecular weight: 35000)
[0077]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
Was dissolved in 500 ml of dry toluene, 2.8 g of triethoxysilane and 1 mg of chloroplatinic acid were added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 50 ° C. for 6 hours under a nitrogen stream. After standing to cool, the reaction solution was poured into hexane, and constitutional unit examples No. 6.4 g (yield 65.3%) of a resin having 27 structural units was obtained.
[0078]
(Synthesis Example 3)
Charge transport material 4g having a structure represented by the following structural formula
[0079]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
Was dissolved in 500 ml of dry toluene, 1.8 g of triethoxysilane and 1 mg of chloroplatinic acid were added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 50 ° C. for 6 hours under a nitrogen stream. After allowing to cool, the reaction solution was filtered with suction, and the filtrate was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was separated and purified on a silica gel column, and charge transport material No. 3.8 g of (2) -7 was obtained.
[0080]
(Synthesis Example 4)
3 g of 4- (N, N-ditolylamino) benzyl chlorite synthesized by a conventional method is dissolved in 500 ml of dry toluene, 1.5 g of trichlorosilane and 0.94 g of triethylamine are added, and the mixture is heated and stirred at 50 ° C. for 2 hours under a nitrogen stream. Went. After standing to cool, 500 ml of methanol was added after confirming the neutrality of the solution and stirred for 3 hours. Thereafter, the solvent was distilled off, and the charge transport material No. 2.2 g of (2) -13 was obtained.
[0081]
In the following, description will be made according to the examples. 1-15 were synthesize | combined by the method similar to the said synthesis example. The charge transport materials in the examples were synthesized by the same method as in the synthesis examples. The specific structure is shown in the structural unit example of the corresponding alkoxysilyl group-containing resin and the structural example of the alkoxysilyl group-containing charge transport material.
[0082]
(Example 1)
An Al cylinder having a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 254 mm was used as a support, and a coating material composed of the following materials was applied on the support by a dipping method and thermally cured at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a 15 μm conductive layer.
[0083]
Conductive pigment: SnO 2 coated barium sulfate 10 parts Resistance adjusting pigment: Titanium oxide 2 parts Binder resin: Phenol resin 6 parts Leveling material: Silicone oil 0.001 part Solvent: Methanol / methoxypropanol (0.2 / 0. 8) 20 copies [0084]
Next, a solution obtained by dissolving 3 parts of N-methoxydimethylated nylon and 3 parts of copolymer nylon in a mixed solvent of 65 parts of methanol / 30 parts of n-butanol was applied on this conductive layer by a dipping method, and a 0.5 μm intermediate layer was applied. Formed.
[0085]
Next, 4 parts of oxytitanium phthalocyanine (TiOPc) having strong peaks at 9.0, 14.2, 23.9, and 27.1 degrees with a Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 degrees in X-ray diffraction of CuKα And polyvinyl butyral (trade name: ESREC BM2, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 60 parts of cyclohexanone were dispersed in a sand mill using φ1 mm glass beads for 4 hours, and then 100 parts of ethyl acetate was added to obtain a dispersion for charge generation layer. Prepared. This was applied by a dipping method to form a 0.2 μm charge generation layer.
[0086]
Next, charge transport material example No. 1 synthesized in accordance with the above synthesis example. (2) Resin No. 1 of Table 1 synthesized according to 10 parts of the compound described in 7 and the above synthesis example. 10 parts of the polymer described in 1 was dissolved in a mixed solvent of 30 parts monochlorobenzene / 70 parts dichloromethane. This paint was applied by an immersion method and dried at 120 ° C. for 2 hours to form a 25 μm charge transport layer.
[0087]
Next, evaluation will be described. The apparatus used was a modified Hewlett-Packard LBP "Laser Jet 4plus" (process speed 71 mm / sec). In the modification, the primary charging control was changed from constant current control to constant voltage control. The prepared electrophotographic photosensitive member was subjected to paper passing durability at 28 ° C. and 90% RH with this apparatus. The sequence was an intermittent mode that stopped once for each printed sheet. When the toner runs out, it is replenished and a durability test is conducted until a problem occurs in the image.
[0088]
Using a taper wear tester using an abrasive tape, the sample was worn for 20 minutes and the weight loss at that time was measured. Also, irradiate a part of the electrophotographic photosensitive member with 3000Lux, 20 minutes of white fluorescent light, leave it for 4 minutes, measure the bright part potential, and measure how much the bright part potential has dropped before the light is applied. Photo memory values were used. Furthermore, the solvent crack resistance was determined by observing the presence or absence of solvent cracks by microscopic observation after attaching finger grease to the surface and leaving it for 72 hours. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0089]
(Examples 2 to 15)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transporting material and resin for the charge transporting layer shown in Table 2 were used. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0090]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003684068
[0091]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003684068
[0092]
(Comparative Example 1)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transport layer was formed by the following procedure.
[0093]
10 parts of an amine compound of the following structural formula;
[0094]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684068
Resin No. in Table 1 10 parts of the polymer described in 1 was dissolved in a mixed solvent of 30 parts monochlorobenzene / 70 parts dichloromethane. This paint was applied by an immersion method and dried at 120 ° C. for 2 hours to form a 25 μm charge transport layer.
[0095]
(Comparative Example 2)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the resin represented by the formula (5) was used as the binder for the charge transport layer.
[0096]
Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the electrophotographic photoreceptors of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
[0097]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003684068
[0098]
【The invention's effect】
The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent solvent crack resistance, high mechanical strength, good electric resistance against discharge due to direct charging, and less photo memory. It became possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

Claims (4)

導電性支持体上に感光層を有する電子写真感光体の表面が下記式(1)で示される置換基を有する樹脂及び電荷輸送材料を縮合することで得られる化合物を含有し、
Figure 0003684068
(式(1)中、R 1 は置換されてもよいアルキル基またはアリール基を示し、R 2 は置換されてもよいアルキル基を示し、mは整数を示し、nは0≦n≦2の整数を示す)
該樹脂の主鎖構造が下記式(2)または(3)で示される構成単位を有する
Figure 0003684068
(式(2)中、X 1 は−CR 9 10 −[R 9 及びR 10 は水素原子またはアルキル基である]、置換されてもよいアルキレン基、シクロアルキリデン基、単結合、−O−または−S−を示し、R 1 〜R 8 は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換されてもよいアルキル基、アリール基を示し、最低一つは式(1)で示される置換基を有する)
Figure 0003684068
(式(3)中、X 2 は−CR 23 24 −[R 23 及びR 24 は水素原子またはアルキル基である]、置換されてもよいアルキレン基、シクロアルキリデン基、単結合、−O−または−S−を示し、R 11 〜R 18 は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換されてもよいアルキル基、アリール基を示し、最低一つは式(1)で示される置換基を有する。R 19 〜R 22 は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換されてもよいアルキル基、アルキレン基またはアリール基を示す)
ことを特徴とする電子写真感光体
A surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support contains a compound obtained by condensing a resin having a substituent represented by the following formula (1) and a charge transporting material ;
Figure 0003684068
(In Formula (1), R 1 represents an optionally substituted alkyl group or aryl group, R 2 represents an optionally substituted alkyl group, m represents an integer, and n represents 0 ≦ n ≦ 2. Indicates an integer)
The main chain structure of the resin has a structural unit represented by the following formula (2) or (3)
Figure 0003684068
(In the formula (2), X 1 is -CR 9 R 10 - [R 9 and R 10 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group], an optionally substituted alkylene group, a cycloalkylidene group, a single bond, -O- Or -S-, wherein R 1 to R 8 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group or an aryl group, and at least one has a substituent represented by the formula (1))
Figure 0003684068
(In formula (3), X 2 is —CR 23 R 24 — [R 23 and R 24 are a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group], an optionally substituted alkylene group, a cycloalkylidene group, a single bond, —O— Or -S-, wherein R 11 to R 18 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group or an aryl group, and at least one has a substituent represented by the formula (1): R 19 to R 22 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group, an alkylene group or an aryl group)
An electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized by the above .
前記電荷輸送材料が下記式(4)、下記式(5)及び下記式(6)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つの式で示される構造である請求項に記載の電子写真感光体
Figure 0003684068
(式(4)中、Ar1及びAr2は置換されてもよい芳香環基を示し、Ar3は置換されてもよい2価の芳香環基または2価の複素環基を示し、R23は置換されてもよいアルキル基または芳香環基を示し、R24は水素原子、置換されてもよいアルキル基または芳香環基を示し、n1は1または2であり、R23とR24は結合して環を形成してもよい。Ar1,Ar2,R23及びR24のいずれか最低一つは前記式(1)で示される置換基を有する)
Figure 0003684068
(式(5)中、Ar4、Ar5及びAr6はそれぞれ置換されてもよい芳香環基または複素環基を示す。Ar4〜Ar6のいずれか最低一つは前記式(1)で示される置換基を有する)
Figure 0003684068
(式(6)中、R25は水素原子または置換されてもよいアルキル基を示し、R26及びR27は置換されてもよいアルキル基、アラルキル基または芳香環基を示し、n2は1または2であり、Aは置換されてもよい芳香環基、複素環基または−CH=C(R28)R29[R28及びR29は水素原子、芳香環基または複素環基を示すが、R28とR29が同時に水素原子であることはない]を示す。R25〜R27及びAのいずれか最低一つは前記式(1)で示される置換基を有する)
The charge-transporting material is represented by the following formula (4), the following equation (5) and an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the structure represented by at least one formula Bareru election Ri by the group consisting of the following formula (6).
Figure 0003684068
(In the formula (4) , Ar 1 and Ar 2 represent an optionally substituted aromatic ring group, Ar 3 represents an optionally substituted divalent aromatic ring group or a divalent heterocyclic group, R 23 represents a substituted alkyl group which may be substituted or an aromatic ring group, R 24 is a hydrogen atom, indicates an optionally substituted alkyl group or aromatic ring group, n1 is 1 or 2, R 23 and R 24 And may be bonded to form a ring, and at least one of Ar 1 , Ar 2 , R 23 and R 24 has a substituent represented by the formula (1))
Figure 0003684068
(Equation (5) in, Ar 4, Ar 5 and Ar 6 are the lowest one of .Ar 4 to Ar 6 indicating each optionally substituted aromatic ring group or a heterocyclic group wherein the formula (1) With the indicated substituents)
Figure 0003684068
(In the formula (6) , R 25 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group, R 26 and R 27 represent an optionally substituted alkyl group, an aralkyl group or an aromatic ring group, and n2 represents 1 or 2 and A represents an optionally substituted aromatic ring group, heterocyclic group or —CH═C (R 28 ) R 29 [wherein R 28 and R 29 represent a hydrogen atom, an aromatic ring group or a heterocyclic group, R 28 and R 29 are not hydrogen atoms at the same time.At least one of R 25 to R 27 and A has a substituent represented by the formula (1))
請求項1または2に記載の電子写真感光体、帯電手段、現像手段及びクリーニング手段からなる群より選ばれた少なくともひとつの手段を一体に支持し、電子写真装置本体に着脱自在であることを特徴とするプロセスカートリッジ。 An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 or 2, a charging means, that at least one means selected from the group consisting of the developing means and cleaning means integrally supported, is detachable to the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus Process cartridge characterized by. 請求項1または2に記載の電子写真感光体、帯電手段、像露光手段、現像手段及び転写手段を有することを特徴とする電子写真装置。The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 or 2, charging means, image exposure means, the electrophotographic apparatus, characterized in that it comprises a developing means and a transfer means.
JP12256398A 1998-05-01 1998-05-01 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP3684068B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12256398A JP3684068B2 (en) 1998-05-01 1998-05-01 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12256398A JP3684068B2 (en) 1998-05-01 1998-05-01 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH11316466A JPH11316466A (en) 1999-11-16
JP3684068B2 true JP3684068B2 (en) 2005-08-17

Family

ID=14838995

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP12256398A Expired - Fee Related JP3684068B2 (en) 1998-05-01 1998-05-01 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3684068B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000206717A (en) * 1998-11-13 2000-07-28 Canon Inc Electrophotographic photoreceptor and process cartridge and electrophotographic device
JP4365960B2 (en) * 1998-11-13 2009-11-18 キヤノン株式会社 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP4164174B2 (en) * 1998-11-13 2008-10-08 キヤノン株式会社 Method for producing electrophotographic photosensitive member
JP4165843B2 (en) * 1998-11-13 2008-10-15 キヤノン株式会社 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, method for manufacturing electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP2000206718A (en) * 1998-11-13 2000-07-28 Canon Inc Electrophotographic photoreceptor and process cartridge and electrophotographic device
JP4164175B2 (en) * 1998-11-13 2008-10-08 キヤノン株式会社 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, electrophotographic apparatus, and method for manufacturing electrophotographic photosensitive member
JP4164176B2 (en) * 1998-11-13 2008-10-08 キヤノン株式会社 Method for producing electrophotographic photosensitive member
JP4365961B2 (en) * 1998-11-13 2009-11-18 キヤノン株式会社 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP2003066807A (en) 2001-08-27 2003-03-05 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Cleaning member, electrostatic charging device, transfer equipment and image forming device
KR101318617B1 (en) 2004-05-20 2013-10-15 이데미쓰 고산 가부시키가이샤 Polycarbonate resin and electrophotographic photosensitive member using same
US7795462B2 (en) 2005-01-13 2010-09-14 Xerox Corporation Crosslinked siloxane outmost layer having aromatic silicon-containing compounds for photoreceptors
JP5009642B2 (en) 2007-02-15 2012-08-22 信越化学工業株式会社 Polycarbonate resin, method for producing the same, and electrophotographic photosensitive member using the same
JP2008241914A (en) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-09 Oki Data Corp Photoreceptor, developing device and image forming apparatus
CN103777480B (en) * 2013-12-31 2017-01-11 浙江欧亚精密机电有限公司 Method for detecting lubricating effect of macromolecular functional material and improving wear resistance of photosensitive drum

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH11316466A (en) 1999-11-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP3755856B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP3684068B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP3897522B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and electrophotographic apparatus
JPH0973183A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge provided with the same and electrophotographic device
JP3287379B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
JPH1073944A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge having this electrophotographic photoreceptor, and electrophotographic device
JP3585197B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
JP3854895B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP3825852B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JPH1020523A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic device
JP3501615B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
JP3953072B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP3652078B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP4217362B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, and process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus provided with the electrophotographic photosensitive member
JPH1039521A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic device
JP3679641B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JPH10115946A (en) Electrophotgraphic photoreceptor, and process cartridge and electrophotographic device provided with this electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP3566462B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
JP3397583B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
JP2001100442A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic device
JP3897725B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
JP3549137B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
JPH10268535A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and electrophotographic device
JP2000162810A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
JPH1039532A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20050113

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20050224

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20050411

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20050523

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20050527

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090603

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090603

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100603

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110603

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120603

Year of fee payment: 7

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120603

Year of fee payment: 7

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130603

Year of fee payment: 8

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees