JP3833379B2 - Cold work tool steel with excellent machinability - Google Patents

Cold work tool steel with excellent machinability Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3833379B2
JP3833379B2 JP34744197A JP34744197A JP3833379B2 JP 3833379 B2 JP3833379 B2 JP 3833379B2 JP 34744197 A JP34744197 A JP 34744197A JP 34744197 A JP34744197 A JP 34744197A JP 3833379 B2 JP3833379 B2 JP 3833379B2
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Prior art keywords
steel
machinability
tool steel
toughness
work tool
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JP34744197A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH11181548A (en
Inventor
大円 横井
信博 辻井
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Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd
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Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、被削性に優れた冷間工具鋼に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、冷間加工用工具には、JIS−SKD11が広く使用されている。しかし、塑性加工技術の進歩や被加工材の高強度化に伴い、使用される工具への応力負荷が大きくなり、500℃焼き戻しで60HRCの硬さが得られる点で優れているが、しかしながら、SKD11鋼においては、粗大なCr系共晶炭化物を含有するために被削性に劣る。一方、快削性を付与するために、Sを添加することが広く知られているが、同時に耐衝撃性が低下すると言う問題がある。このような問題に対して、例えば特公昭41−17441号公報、特公昭63−66384号公報、特開平8−120333号公報、および特公平3−36897号公報等の発明が提案されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述した、特公昭41−17441号公報はSを二硫化モリブデンの形で含ませて、潤滑性を向上させ、工具等の耐摩耗性を良好とすると共に、衝撃性を低下させないと言うものである。しかしながら、この発明には、Crが含有せず、かつ、V+1/2Nbの規制が全く開示されていない。また、特公昭63−66384号公報は、REM添加によって、非金属介在物を大幅に粒状化させることによって、被削性の向上と、耐衝撃性が著しく優れると言うものであるが、この発明には、本発明の特徴とするVおよびNb添加におけるV+1/2Nbの規制がされていない。
【0004】
さらに、特開平8−120333号公報は、前述したJIS−SKD11の粗大なCr系共晶炭化物を含有することによる被削性の劣化に対応して、耐摩耗性を劣化させることなく、被削性の改善を図ったものであるが、この発明も、本発明の成分組成とするMoとWの1種または2種をMo+W/2で1.0〜5.0%とし、かつ、VとNbの1種または2種をV+Nb/2で0.1〜1.0%なる成分組成を規制した記載が全くない。
【0005】
また、特公平3−36897号公報は、C:0.65〜0.89%、Si:0.50〜1.50%、Mn:0.30〜1.50%、Cr:8.1〜10.0%、Mo:0.75〜1.95%、V:0.5〜1.0%、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなることを特徴とする炭化物被覆処理用硬度高靱性冷間工具鋼であり、高靱性を活用し、通常の熱処理後の強度、靱性が従来鋼であるJIS−SKD11よりも優れている鋼であるが、本発明は、さらにこれらに加えて、焼鈍状態および焼入焼戻状態での被削性、研削性が著しく向上する成分バランスを見出したものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上述のような発明に加えて、低C−低Cr鋼でのS添加により、強度、耐摩耗性、および靱性を劣化させることなく、被削性の向上を図るものであって、その発明の要旨とするところは、重量%で、C:0.65〜0.89%、Si:2.0%以下、Mn:1.5%以下、Cr:5.0〜11.0%、MoまたはWのいずれか1種または2種をMo当量(Mo+1/2W):1.0〜5.0%、VまたはNbの1種または2種を、V+1/2Nb:0.1〜1.0%、S:0.010〜0.10%,残部Feおよび不可避的不純物よりなることを特徴とする被削性に優れた冷間工具鋼にある。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明鋼の各化学成分の作用およびその限定理由を説明する。
Cは焼入焼戻により、十分なマトリックス硬さを与えると共に、Cr,Mo,Vなどと結合して炭化物を形成し、高温強度、耐摩耗性を与える元素である。しかし、添加量が多過ぎると、凝固時に粗大炭化物が過剰に析出し靱性を阻害することから、Cの上限を0.89%とした。一方、0.65%未満では、十分な二次硬化硬さが得られないので、その下限を0.65%としたが、強度靱性の最適バランスを得るためには、0.75〜0.89%の範囲が望ましい。
【0008】
Siは、主に脱酸剤として添加されると共に、耐酸化性、焼入性に有効な元素であると共に、焼戻過程において炭化物の凝集を抑え二次硬化を促進する元素である。しかし、2.0%を越えて添加すると、靱性を低下させるので、その上限を2.0%とした。
Mnは、Siと同様に脱酸剤として添加し鋼の清浄度を高めると共に焼入れ性を高める元素である。しかしながら、1.5%を越えて添加すると、冷間加工性を阻害するうえに靱性を低下させるので、その上限を1.5%とした。
【0009】
Crは、焼入れ性を高めると共に、焼戻軟化抵抗を高める有効な元素である。この硬化を満足するためには、少なくとも5.0%以上必要である。従って、その下限を5.0%とした。一方、Crは、凝固時にCと結合して巨大一次炭化物を形成し易く、過剰な添加は、靱性を低下させるため、その上限を11.0%、とした。
【0010】
MoおよびWは、共に微細な炭化物を形成し、二次硬化に寄与する重量な元素であると共に、耐軟化抵抗性を改善する元素である。ただし、その効果はMoの方がWよりも2倍強く、同じ効果を得るのに、WはMoの2倍必要である。この両元素の効果は、Mo当量(Mo+1/2W)で表すことができる。本発明成分系においては、Mo当量で少なくとも1.0%以上が必要である。逆に、Mo当量の過剰添加は、靱性を低下を招くので、その上限を5.0%とした。
【0011】
V、Nbは、共に二次硬化に有効であり、Cと硬い炭化物を形成して耐摩耗性の向上に大きく寄与すると共に結晶粒を微細化する。ただし、その効果はVの方がNbよりも2倍強く、同じ効果を得るのに、NbはVの2倍必要である。この両元素の効果はV当量(V+1/2Nb)で表すことができる。本発明成分系においては、高温焼戻し硬度を得るためには、V当量で少なくとも0.1%以上が必要である。過剰な添加は靱性を劣化させるため、その上限を1.0%とした。
【0012】
Sは、被削性を高め機械的工費を低減するうえで欠くことのできない元素であり、その目的達成のためには、0.010%以上添加する必要がある。しかし、0.10%を超えて過多に添加するときは、熱間延性を劣化させるので、その上限を0.10%とする。
本発明の冷間工具鋼は、以上の元素によって構成されるものであり、成形金型用鋼としての強度、耐摩耗性、および靱性を満たしつつ、被削性が良好で金型製作費を安価に抑えることができる。
【0013】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明を実施例に基づいて具体的に説明する。
表1に示す組成の鋼600kgを真空誘導溶解炉にて出鋼した後、加熱温度1100℃、鍛錬比15sで鍛伸を行い、室温まで徐冷した後、860℃にて焼鈍を施し供試材とした。この供試材を試験片形状と金型形状に加工後、試験片と金型を1040℃に30分保持後、空冷して焼入し、焼戻しは520℃で60分保持後、空冷する処理を2回繰り返した。
また、摩耗試験は、SCM420(86HRB)を相手材とし、摩耗距離200m、最終荷重62Nの条件下で行い、試験結果は比較鋼8の摩耗量を100として表した。
【0014】
被削性の評価は、径120×100mmの実際の金型を型彫りしてその所要時間を比較鋼の金型用鋼を1として、試験材と比較することによって行った。その結果を表1に示す。表1に示すように、本発明鋼No1〜はいずれも型彫り所要時間は比較鋼に比べて20〜40%程度短縮されており、被削性が著しく改善されていることが判る。すなわち、従来の冷間工具鋼No4〜5なみの耐摩耗性、およびはるかに優れた被削性をはかることが出来た。
【0015】
【表1】

Figure 0003833379
【0016】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明鋼により、高硬さと優れた靱性を兼備し、かつ金型の製作に要する工程の低減をはかれる極めて被削性の優れた冷間工具鋼を提供することにある。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cold tool steel excellent in machinability.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, JIS-SKD11 has been widely used for cold working tools. However, as the plastic working technology advances and the work material becomes stronger, the stress load on the tool to be used increases, and it is excellent in that a hardness of 60 HRC can be obtained by tempering at 500 ° C. However, The SKD11 steel is inferior in machinability because it contains coarse Cr-based eutectic carbide. On the other hand, it is widely known to add S in order to impart free-cutting properties, but at the same time, there is a problem that impact resistance is lowered. In order to deal with such problems, for example, Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 41-17441, 63-66384, 8-120333, and 3-36897 have been proposed.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 41-17441 described above includes S in the form of molybdenum disulfide to improve lubricity, improve wear resistance of tools and the like, and not to reduce impact. is there. However, this invention does not contain Cr and does not disclose any regulation of V + 1 / 2Nb. Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 63-66384 discloses that non-metallic inclusions are greatly granulated by adding REM, so that machinability is improved and impact resistance is remarkably excellent. However, V + 1 / 2Nb in the addition of V and Nb, which is a feature of the present invention, is not regulated.
[0004]
Furthermore, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-120333 discloses a method of machining without deteriorating the wear resistance in response to the degradation of machinability due to the inclusion of the coarse Cr eutectic carbide of JIS-SKD11. In the present invention, one or two of Mo and W as the component composition of the present invention is set to 1.0 to 5.0% in Mo + W / 2, and V and There is no description which regulates the component composition of 0.1 to 1.0% of Vb / Nb / 2 for one or two of Nb.
[0005]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-36897 discloses C: 0.65 to 0.89%, Si: 0.50 to 1.50%, Mn: 0.30 to 1.50%, Cr: 8.1 to Hardness high toughness cold tool for carbide coating treatment characterized by comprising 10.0%, Mo: 0.75-1.95%, V: 0.5-1.0%, balance Fe and inevitable impurities It is a steel that utilizes high toughness and is superior in strength and toughness after normal heat treatment to JIS-SKD11, which is a conventional steel. The present inventors have found a component balance that significantly improves the machinability and grindability in the tempered state.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In addition to the invention as described above, the present invention aims to improve machinability without deteriorating strength, wear resistance, and toughness by adding S in low C-low Cr steel. The gist of the invention is, by weight, C: 0.65 to 0.89 %, Si: 2.0% or less, Mn: 1.5% or less, Cr: 5.0 to 11.0. %, Any one or two of Mo or W is Mo equivalent (Mo + 1 / 2W): 1.0 to 5.0%, one or two of V or Nb is V + 1 / 2Nb: 0.1 It is a cold tool steel excellent in machinability characterized by comprising 1.0%, S: 0.010 to 0.10%, the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Below, the effect | action of each chemical component of this invention steel and its reason for limitation are demonstrated.
C is an element that gives sufficient matrix hardness by quenching and tempering, and forms carbides by combining with Cr, Mo, V, etc., and gives high temperature strength and wear resistance. However, if the addition amount is too large, coarse carbides precipitate excessively during solidification and inhibit toughness, so the upper limit of C was made 0.89 %. On the other hand, if it is less than 0.65%, sufficient secondary curing hardness cannot be obtained, so the lower limit was made 0.65%. However, in order to obtain the optimum balance of strength toughness, 0.75 to 0.00 . A range of 89 % is desirable.
[0008]
Si is an element that is added mainly as a deoxidizer, is an element effective for oxidation resistance and hardenability, and suppresses agglomeration of carbides in the tempering process and promotes secondary hardening. However, if added over 2.0%, the toughness is lowered, so the upper limit was made 2.0%.
Mn is an element that is added as a deoxidizer in the same way as Si to increase the cleanliness of steel and enhance the hardenability. However, addition over 1.5% inhibits cold workability and lowers toughness, so the upper limit was made 1.5%.
[0009]
Cr is an effective element that enhances hardenability and enhances temper softening resistance. In order to satisfy this curing, at least 5.0% or more is necessary. Therefore, the lower limit was made 5.0%. On the other hand, Cr is easily combined with C during solidification to form a giant primary carbide, and excessive addition reduces the toughness, so the upper limit was made 11.0%.
[0010]
Mo and W are both elements that form fine carbides and contribute to secondary hardening, and also improve softening resistance. However, the effect of Mo is twice as strong as that of W. To obtain the same effect, W needs to be twice that of Mo. The effect of both elements can be expressed by Mo equivalent (Mo + 1 / 2W). In the component system of the present invention, the Mo equivalent must be at least 1.0%. On the contrary, excessive addition of Mo equivalent causes a decrease in toughness, so the upper limit was made 5.0%.
[0011]
V and Nb are both effective for secondary curing, and form a hard carbide with C to greatly contribute to the improvement of wear resistance and to refine crystal grains. However, the effect of V is twice as strong as that of Nb, and Nb needs to be twice that of V to obtain the same effect. The effect of both elements can be expressed in terms of V equivalent (V + 1 / 2Nb). In the component system of the present invention, in order to obtain high temperature tempering hardness, V equivalent is required to be at least 0.1% or more. Since excessive addition degrades toughness, the upper limit was made 1.0%.
[0012]
S is an element indispensable for improving machinability and reducing mechanical work cost, and in order to achieve the purpose, it is necessary to add 0.010% or more. However, when adding over 0.10% excessively, hot ductility is deteriorated, so the upper limit is made 0.10%.
The cold tool steel of the present invention is composed of the above elements, satisfying the strength, wear resistance, and toughness as a steel for forming molds, while having good machinability and cost for mold production. It can be kept inexpensive.
[0013]
【Example】
The present invention will be specifically described below based on examples.
After 600 kg of steel having the composition shown in Table 1 is steeled in a vacuum induction melting furnace, the steel is forged at a heating temperature of 1100 ° C. and a forging ratio of 15 s, gradually cooled to room temperature, and then annealed at 860 ° C. A material was used. After processing this specimen into a test piece shape and a mold shape, the test piece and the mold are held at 1040 ° C. for 30 minutes, then air cooled and quenched , and tempering is held at 520 ° C. for 60 minutes and then air cooled . Was repeated twice.
In addition, the wear test was performed under the conditions of a wear distance of 200 m and a final load of 62 N using SCM420 (86HRB) as a counterpart material.
[0014]
The machinability was evaluated by carving an actual mold having a diameter of 120 × 100 mm and comparing the time required for the mold with the steel for mold of Comparative Steel 4 as 1. The results are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the invention steel Nos. 1 to 3 each have a die-cutting time shortened by about 20 to 40% as compared with the comparative steel, and the machinability is remarkably improved. That is, it was possible to achieve the wear resistance as much as conventional cold tool steel Nos. 4 to 5 and much better machinability.
[0015]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003833379
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the steel according to the present invention provides a cold work tool steel that has both high hardness and excellent toughness and is extremely excellent in machinability that can reduce the steps required to manufacture a mold. .

Claims (1)

量%で、
C:0.65〜0.89%、
Si:2.0%以下、
Mn:1.5%以下、
Cr:5.0〜11.0%、
MoまたはWのいずれか1種または2種をMo当量(Mo+1/2W):1.0〜5.0%、
VまたはNbの1種または2種を、V+1/2Nb:0.1〜1.0%、
S:0.010〜0.10%、
残部Feおよび不可避的不純物よりなることを特徴とする被削性に優れた冷間工具鋼。
In mass%,
C: 0.65~ 0.89%,
Si: 2.0% or less,
Mn: 1.5% or less,
Cr: 5.0 to 11.0%,
Any one or two of Mo or W is Mo equivalent (Mo + 1 / 2W): 1.0 to 5.0%,
One or two of V or Nb is changed to V + 1 / 2Nb: 0.1 to 1.0%,
S: 0.010 to 0.10%,
A cold work tool steel excellent in machinability, characterized by comprising the balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
JP34744197A 1997-12-17 1997-12-17 Cold work tool steel with excellent machinability Expired - Lifetime JP3833379B2 (en)

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US8900382B2 (en) * 2002-06-13 2014-12-02 Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag Hot worked steel and tool made therewith
JP2015040315A (en) * 2013-08-20 2015-03-02 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 Die alloy tool steel having small anisotropy and dimensional change due to heat treatment

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