JP3821031B2 - Desiccant air conditioning system - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a desiccant air-conditioning system that performs indoor cooling / dehumidifying operation or heating / humidifying operation with high efficiency.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in a compression type air conditioner, in order to achieve energy saving, the evaporating temperature is increased, sufficient dehumidification cannot be performed, and ventilation cannot be sufficiently performed. Therefore, the indoor air is sent to the humidifier to evaporate the water to make it cooler, and then put into the sensible heat exchanger. After that, the moisture of the dehumidifying rotor that rotates slowly by heating is evaporated and exhausted outside. The desiccant air conditioner supplies air to the room by sending heat to the dehumidification rotor and dehumidifying it, and exchanging the temperature rise due to the heat of adsorption with the indoor air from the humidifier to the sensible heat exchanger. A system is known, and is described, for example, in JP-A-5-301014.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above prior art, the difference between the temperature of the air supplied from the outside air and the room temperature is only about 2 ° C., and sufficient cooling capacity cannot be obtained. In addition, there are methods such as evaporative coolers installed at the outlet of the supply air to lower the temperature, and dry air whose temperature has been raised by dehumidification is once cooled by the outside air. High costs were inevitable.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide a desiccant air-conditioning system that solves the above-described problems of the prior art and has a high energy-saving effect with sufficient dehumidifying ability. In addition, the ventilation air volume is minimized and the noise is reduced. In addition to ventilation, cooling, and dehumidification, heating and humidification are possible to create a comfortable environment. Furthermore, it is to easily realize a predetermined room temperature and humidity.
The present invention is to solve at least one of the above objects.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a first passage and a second passage are connected indoors, and the first passage starts from the indoor side in the order of a heat exchanger, a heating means, a dehumidifying rotor, and a first fan. In the desiccant air conditioning system in which the two passages are arranged in the order of a heat exchanger, a dehumidification rotor, and a second fan, and the room is cooled and dehumidified or heated and humidified by exhausting the indoor air and supplying outside air into the room. A heat exchanger of the first passage, an expansion valve, a heat exchanger of the second passage, and a compressor type air conditioner configured to form a refrigeration cycle by sequentially connecting the compressor,
When performing the cooling and dehumidifying operation, heat is exchanged in the second passage so that indoor air is exhausted in the first passage, outside air is supplied in the second passage, and a heat exchanger in the first passage becomes a condenser. When the compression air conditioner is operated so that the evaporator becomes an evaporator and heating / humidifying operation is performed, in order to switch from cooling operation to heating operation, the rotation directions of the first fan and the second fan are reversed, The first fan that is used for exhausting air is used as an air supply fan for heating, and the second fan that is used for supplying air during cooling is used as an exhaust fan for heating .
[0006]
Further, it is desirable that the heating means utilize the exhaust heat of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
Furthermore, it is desirable that the heating means utilize the exhaust heat of the micro turbine.
[0007]
Furthermore, when performing cooling and dehumidifying operation, the ventilation volume, target temperature, and target humidity are set, and the rotation speed of the dehumidifying rotor is determined so that the absolute humidity at the outlet of the dehumidifying rotor is equal to the target humidity. If it is higher than the target temperature, it is desirable to operate the compression type air conditioner.
Further, when performing the heating / humidifying operation, the second fan is rotated in the exhaust direction, the first fan is rotated in the air supply direction, the dehumidification rotor is stopped, the outside air is heated by the heating means after passing through the dehumidification rotor, It is desirable to operate the compression type air conditioner if water is sprinkled on the heat exchanger of the first passage which is a condenser to humidify it, and the temperature is lower than the target temperature.
Furthermore, in the above, it is desirable to stop the compression air conditioner and control the heating amount of the heating means if the humidified outside air is higher than the target temperature.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an overall system view of the desiccant air conditioning system of the present invention. Reference numeral 1 denotes a space (indoor) that requires air conditioning, and a first passage 11 and a second passage 12 are connected to this space. In the first passage 11, a condenser 19, a heating unit 15, a regeneration portion of the dehumidifying rotor 16, and a first fan 17 are incorporated. In the second passage 12, a second fan 18, a dehumidifying portion of the dehumidifying rotor 16, and an evaporator 20 are incorporated. The dehumidifying rotor 16 has a cylindrical shape and is filled with an adsorbent such as silica gel and activated carbon. One is placed in the first passage 11 and the other is placed in the second passage 12 and is rotated slowly.
[0011]
The condenser 19, the expansion valve 22, the evaporator 20, and the compressor 21 are sequentially connected by pipes to constitute a refrigeration cycle, which is a compression type air conditioner. The compressor 21 is provided outside the first passage 11 and the second passage 12, and communicates with the inside of each passage 11, 12 by piping.
[0012]
Temperature and humidity sensors 31 and 32 are installed before and after the evaporator 20 to output a signal for operating the compression air conditioner. Warm water that has cooled the polymer electrolyte fuel cell is sent to the heating means 15, and a heat source for removing water in the adsorbent of the dehumidifying rotor 16 and regenerating it is supplied.
[0013]
The dotted line in the figure indicates a solid polymer fuel cell system, in which 61 is a hydrogen electrode and 63 is an oxygen electrode. The hydrogen electrode 61 and the oxygen electrode 63 are arranged so as to sandwich the electrolyte membrane 62. Since hydrogen protons move in the electrolyte membrane 63 from the hydrogen electrode 61 toward the oxygen electrode 63, electrons flow to the external circuit and generate electricity. Since the polymer electrolyte fuel cell generates heat, a cooler 64 is provided and kept at an efficient 80 ° C. Water flows into the cooler 64, and heat generated in the fuel cell is removed by the cooling water. The cooling water is guided to the exhaust gas heating means 15 through the pipe 65. By this heating, the exhaust gas temperature can be raised to around 80 ° C., moisture adsorbed in the adsorbent of the dehumidifying device 16 can be driven out, and as a result, the adsorbent can be regenerated.
[0014]
FIG. 2 is an overall view of the system when the heating means 15 by the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of FIG. 1 is changed to a micro turbine. The inside of the dotted line is a system diagram of the micro turbine. The intake air 56 of the micro turbine is compressed by the compressor 51, preheated by the regenerative heat exchanger 55, further increased in temperature by the combustor 52, and enters the turbine 53. By rotating the turbine 53, the generator 54 is rotated to generate power. The exhaust gas exiting the turbine 53 has a temperature close to 700 ° C., and enters the regenerative heat exchanger 55 to preheat the combustor inlet air. The exhaust gas exiting the regeneration heat exchanger 55 maintains a temperature of about 200 ° C. and regenerates the adsorbent of the dehumidifying rotor 16.
[0015]
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. 1 and shows details of the cooling and dehumidifying operation. The first passage 11 is an exhaust passage, and the indoor air enters the condenser 19 at 20 ° C. and 50%. The exhaust air heated by the condenser 19 is further heated to 80 ° C. by the heating means 15 and enters the dehumidifying rotor 16. In the dehumidifying rotor 16, moisture in the adsorbent such as silica gel is removed to regenerate the adsorbent. After that, it is exhausted to the outside.
[0016]
If the second passage 12 is supplied with air and the temperature and humidity of the outside air are 33 ° C. and 60%, water vapor is adsorbed by the dehumidification rotor 16 to become dry air, but is heated by adsorption heat. At 16 outlets, the air is 60 ° C. and 6% air. Although this is cooled by the evaporator 20, the amount of moisture in the air does not change, so when it is cooled to 20 ° C., the humidity becomes 70%. The cooling capacity of the compression air conditioner required at this time is about 2.5 kW assuming that the air volume is 3 m ³ / min, which is a value that is sufficiently satisfied by the cooling capacity of the air conditioner of the output 1 HP class. The ventilation volume of 3m ³ / min is the volume that can ventilate the whole room air between 8 tatami mats 4 times in 1 hour, and the ventilation volume is sufficient in a normal living room, and the ventilation air volume is the minimum necessary compared to the conventional one Energy saving and noise reduction.
[0017]
When changing the set temperature and humidity of the supply air, there are operating combinations of the dehumidification rotor and the compression air conditioner that are the most energy-saving to realize the set values. By controlling the operation, energy saving, low noise, and comfortable air conditioning can be realized in a compact and compact manner.
[0018]
FIG. 4 shows the air temperature and humidity changes during the heating / humidification operation in the same manner, and the rotation directions of the first fan 17 and the second fan 18 in order to switch the first passage 11 and the second passage 12 to the cooling operation. On the other hand, the first fan 17 serving as the exhaust during cooling is used as a heating air supply fan, and the second fan 18 serving as the cooling air supply is used as a heating exhaust fan. As a result, it is not necessary to change the position of the heating means 15 or to change the heating / cooling of the compression type air conditioner, thereby simplifying the apparatus. Moreover, the figure has shown the change of the air temperature and humidity at the time of heating humidification operation.
[0019]
In the first passage 11, 0 ° C., 30% outside air is introduced, the dehumidification rotor 16 is stopped, and when the heating means 15 heats the temperature to 60 ° C., the relative humidity is 2% even if the absolute humidity does not change. To drop. Therefore, water is sprinkled on the condenser 19 by spraying, and the air temperature decreases to 50 ° C. due to the latent heat of evaporation of water, but the relative humidity increases to 20%. At this time, the compression type air conditioner is stopped, and the condenser functions as a simple humidifier. On the other hand, in the second passage 12, the room air at 25 ° C. and 40% is discarded as it is. If it does in this way, fresh outside air can be introduced only by the heating means using exhaust heat, such as a fuel cell or a micro turbine, without using a dehumidification rotor and a compression air conditioner, and it becomes energy saving. If sufficient exhaust heat is not obtained, the compression air conditioner may be operated to supplement the heating capacity.
[0020]
Even when heating and humidifying, finding the most energy-saving operation method that achieves the set temperature and humidity of the supply air from the outside air conditions by predictive calculation, and incorporating a program to realize it, energy saving, low noise, comfortable air conditioning Small and compact.
[0021]
FIG. 5 shows an example of operation control during the cooling and dehumidifying operation. The smaller the ventilation amount, the more energy saving and noise reduction is possible. Therefore, the necessary ventilation amount is set first, and the target temperature T0 and the target humidity x0 are set. Set. The temperature and humidity of the outside air are T3 and x3 (33 ° C., 60% in FIG. 3). Let T2 and x2 be the temperature and humidity of the supply side air at the outlet of the dehumidifying rotor 16, that is, the inlet of the evaporator 20 (in FIG. 3, 60 ° C., 6%).
[0022]
The rotational speed of the dehumidifying rotor 16 is determined so that the absolute humidity x2 at the outlet of the dehumidifying rotor becomes equal to the target humidity x0, and the rotational speed is adjusted so as to be the value. The temperature T2 at this time is obtained by measurement. If T2 is higher than T0, the compressor type air conditioner is cooled and the outlet temperature T1 of the evaporator 20 is brought close to the target value T0.
[0023]
If the amount of dehumidification is small, the temperature T2 at the outlet of the dehumidification rotor 16 does not become so high, so that the cooling operation load of the compressor 21 is reduced, and energy saving is achieved. Therefore, if the operation control as shown in FIG. 5 is performed, dehumidification is not performed more than necessary, energy saving can be achieved, and target temperature and humidity can be achieved.
[0024]
The operation control during the heating operation is the same as that during the cooling operation. As shown in FIG. 6, first, the required ventilation amount is set to be minimized, and the target temperature T0 and the humidity x0 are set. Since it is not necessary to dehumidify during heating, the dehumidification rotor is stopped. The outside air temperature T3 and humidity x3 pass through the dehumidification rotor as they are, and are heated to T2 (about 60 ° C.) by the heating means 15 by exhaust heat. The humidity x2 at this time is equal to x3. Since x2 is often smaller than the target humidity x0, water is sprinkled on the condenser 19 of the compression air conditioner to humidify it. When humidified, the condenser outlet temperature decreases to T1 due to the latent heat of vaporization of water. T1 is calculated and predicted from latent heat of vaporization, temperature, and the like. If T1 is lower than the set temperature T0, the compression air conditioner is heated and heated. If T1 is higher than the set temperature T0, control is performed so that the heating amount of the heating means 15 is kept low while the compression air conditioner is stopped. By controlling the heating operation and the heating amount in this way, an energy saving operation can be performed without requiring an extra load.
[0025]
FIG. 7 shows the details of the heating means 15 and uses cooling water of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) as the heating means. In the PEFC main body, the hydrogen in the hydrogen electrode 61 and the oxygen in the oxygen electrode 63 react via the electrolyte membrane 62 to generate water and at the same time generate electricity. Since the power generation efficiency is about 40%, the remaining 60% is heat. In order to cool this and keep the PEFC main body at about 80 ° C., the cooling water is circulated between the cooler 64 and the heating means 15 in the cooling water pipe 65. The temperature of the cooling water is 80 ° C or less, and such low-temperature exhaust heat has not been used for much other than hot water supply and heating until now, but as a desiccant air conditioning system, this exhaust heat is not only heated and humidified, Used for cooling and dehumidification.
[0026]
As a heat exchanger between the cooling water of the PEFC main body and the air 67 in the first passage (during cooling and humidification operation: exhaust), a parallel flow type heat exchanger 66 often used for an automobile condenser as shown in the figure. Is preferred. The fin through which the exhaust passes is an aluminum corrugated fin, and the passage through which the cooling water flows is composed of an aluminum tube in which small rectangular channels are arranged in parallel. Instead of the parallel flow type heat exchanger 66, a plate-fin type heat exchanger may be used to reduce the water-side passage.
[0027]
FIG. 8 shows the case where the exhaust gas of the micro turbine is used as the heating means 15. The intake air 56 of the micro turbine is compressed by the compressor 51, preheated by the regenerative heat exchanger 55, and further heated by the combustor 52. And enters the turbine 53. Then, by rotating the turbine, the generator 54 is rotated to generate power. Since the exhaust gas exiting the turbine has a temperature close to 700 ° C., it is put into the regenerative heat exchanger 55 to preheat the combustor inlet air. Since the exhaust gas exiting the regeneration heat exchanger 55 maintains a temperature of about 200 ° C., the adsorbent of the dehumidification rotor 16 can be sufficiently regenerated. In the case of a microturbine, the exhaust gas at the outlet of the regenerative heat exchanger 55 is introduced into the heating means 15, so 57 becomes an exhaust gas passage. Since the exhaust gas from the microturbine is clean, it can be introduced directly into the exhaust duct, but it is preferably heated indirectly because it is supplied to the room during heating. As the gas-gas heat exchanger, a cross-flow plate fin heat exchanger 58 as shown in the figure is used. Reference numeral 59 denotes exhaust or supply air of the desiccant air conditioning system. Since the exhaust gas temperature of the microturbine is about 200 ° C. even at the outlet of the regenerative heat exchanger, it is further used for an absorption chiller, a hot water boiler, hot water supply, etc., and the exhaust gas lowered to around 80 ° C. is used.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, in the desiccant air conditioning system, the evaporator and condenser of the compression type air conditioner are incorporated in the exhaust or air supply passage, so that it has a sufficient dehumidifying capacity, and only ventilation, cooling, and dehumidification. In addition, heating and humidification are possible, and a predetermined indoor temperature and humidity can be easily realized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the entirety of a desiccant air conditioning system according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an entire desiccant air conditioning system according to another embodiment.
FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory diagram of the desiccant air-conditioning system according to one embodiment during cooling and dehumidification.
FIG. 4 is an operation explanatory diagram of the desiccant air conditioning system according to the embodiment when heating and humidifying.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing operation control during cooling and dehumidification of the desiccant air conditioning system according to the embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing operation control during heating and humidification of the desiccant air conditioning system according to the embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of heating means according to one embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of heating means according to another embodiment.
FIG. 9 is an operation explanation showing a conventional desiccant air conditioner.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Space which requires air conditioning, 11 ... 1st exhaust passage (at the time of air_conditioning | cooling humidification operation: exhaust), 12 ... 2nd air supply passage (at the time of air_conditioning | cooling humidification operation: air supply), 15 ... Heating means, 16 ... Dehumidification rotor , 17 ... 1st exhaust fan (during cooling and humidification operation: exhaust), 18 ... 2nd fan (during cooling and humidification operation: supply), 19 ... condenser, 20 ... evaporator, 21 ... compressor, 22 ... expansion valve 61 ... Hydrogen electrode, 62 ... Electrolyte membrane, 63 ... Oxygen electrode, 64 ... Cooler, 65 ... Cooling water piping, 66 ... Parallel flow type heat exchanger.

Claims (6)

A first passage and a second passage are connected to the interior of the room, the first passage from the indoor side in the order of a heat exchanger, a heating means, a dehumidification rotor, and a first fan, and the second passage is a heat exchanger, a dehumidification rotor, In a desiccant air conditioning system that is arranged in the order of the second fan, the room is cooled and dehumidified or heated and humidified by exhausting the room air and supplying outside air to the room.
A compressor type air conditioner comprising a refrigeration cycle in which the heat exchanger of the first passage, the expansion valve, the heat exchanger of the second passage, and the compressor are sequentially connected by piping;
When performing the cooling and dehumidifying operation, heat is exchanged in the second passage so that indoor air is exhausted in the first passage, outside air is supplied in the second passage, and a heat exchanger in the first passage becomes a condenser. The compression air conditioner is operated so that the evaporator becomes an evaporator ,
When performing the heating and humidifying operation, in order to switch from the cooling operation to the heating operation, the rotation directions of the first fan and the second fan are reversed, and the first fan that is the exhaust air during cooling is used as a heating air supply fan. The desiccant air conditioning system, wherein the second fan to be worried is used as an exhaust fan during heating .   2. The desiccant air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the heating means uses exhaust heat of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.   2. The desiccant air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the heating means uses exhaust heat of a micro turbine.   In the thing of Claim 1, when carrying out air_conditioning | cooling dehumidification operation, a ventilation amount, target temperature, and target humidity are set, and the rotation speed of the said dehumidification rotor makes the absolute humidity of the said dehumidification rotor exit equal to the said target humidity. The desiccant air-conditioning system is characterized in that if the temperature at the outlet of the dehumidifying rotor is higher than the target temperature, the compression-type air conditioner is operated.   2. When heating / humidifying operation is performed according to claim 1, the second fan is rotated in the exhaust direction, the first fan is rotated in the air supply direction, the dehumidification rotor is stopped, and the outside air causes the dehumidification rotor to move. After passing, it is heated by the heating means, and further, water is sprinkled on the heat exchanger of the first passage which is a condenser to humidify. If the temperature is lower than the target temperature, the compression air conditioner is operated. Desiccant air conditioning system characterized by that. 6. The desiccant air conditioning system according to claim 5 , wherein when the humidified outside air is higher than the target temperature, the compression type air conditioner is stopped to control the heating amount of the heating means.

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