JP2003279069A - Desciccant air-conditioning system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a desciccant air-conditioning system having a sufficient dehumidifying ability and also a high energy saving effect. <P>SOLUTION: The desciccant air-conditioning system has a first passage 11 leading from the indoor side to a heat exchanger 19, heating means 15, dehumidifying rotor 16 and a first fan 17, and a second passage 12 leading from a heat exchanger 20, a dehumidifying rotor and a second fan 18, wherein the arrangement further includes a compressor type air-conditioner to constitute a refrigeration cycle from the heat exchanger 19 of the first passage 11, an expansion valve 22, the heat exchanger 20 of the second passage 12, and a compressor 21 which are connected by piping round one after another, and when the cooling/ dehumidifying operation is to be made, the indoor air is exhausted through the first passage 11 while the outer air is fed through the second passage 12, and the compression type air-conditioner is operated so that the heat exchanger 19 of the first passage 11 serves as a condenser while the heat exchanger 20 of the second passage 12 serves as an evaporator. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a desiccant air conditioning system for highly efficiently performing a room dehumidifying operation or a heating humidifying operation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a compression type air conditioner, in order to achieve energy saving, the evaporation temperature rises, and sufficient dehumidification cannot be performed.
I couldn't get enough ventilation. Therefore, the indoor air is sent to the humidifier to evaporate the water to lower temperature air and then put into the sensible heat exchanger, and then the moisture of the slowly rotating dehumidifying rotor is heated and evaporated to the outside. Desiccant air conditioning that sends outside air to the dehumidifying rotor to dehumidify it and the temperature rise due to its adsorption heat is exchanged with the indoor air put in the sensible heat exchanger from the humidifier by the sensible heat exchanger to supply air to the room. A system is known, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-301014.
It is described in Japanese Patent Publication No.

[0003]

In the above prior art, the difference between the temperature of the air supplied from the outside air and the room temperature is only about 2 ° C., and the sufficient cooling capacity cannot be obtained. Also, an evaporative cooler is installed at the outlet of the air supply to lower the temperature,
There is a method of once cooling the dry air whose temperature has risen due to dehumidification by the outside air, but in all cases, the device is complicated and large, and the cost is inevitable.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to provide a desiccant air conditioning system having a sufficient dehumidifying ability and a high energy saving effect. In addition, the ventilation air volume should be kept to the minimum necessary to reduce noise. In addition to ventilation, cooling and dehumidification, heating and humidification are possible to create a comfortable environment. Furthermore, it is to easily realize a predetermined room temperature and humidity. In addition,
The present invention is to solve at least one of the above objects.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has a first passage and a second passage connected to the inside of the room, and the first passage is provided from the indoor side with a heat exchanger, heating means, and a dehumidifying rotor. , The first fan in this order, the second passage is arranged in the order of the heat exchanger, the dehumidifying rotor, and the second fan, and the room is cooled and dehumidified or heated by exhausting the air in the room and supplying the outside air to the room. In a desiccant air conditioning system that is humidified, a heat exchanger for the first passage, an expansion valve, a heat exchanger for the second passage, and a compressor air conditioner that constitutes a refrigerating cycle by sequentially connecting a compressor to each other are provided, When the cooling / dehumidifying operation is performed, the indoor air is exhausted in the first passage and the outside air is supplied in the second passage, and the heat exchange in the second passage is performed so that the heat exchanger in the first passage serves as a condenser. Compressor type air conditioner so that the device becomes an evaporator It is intended to operate. Further, in the above-mentioned one, when the heating and humidifying operation is performed, the second fan is rotated in the exhaust direction and the first fan is rotated in the air supply direction.

Further, it is desirable that the heating means utilize the exhaust heat of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell. Furthermore, it is desirable that the heating means utilize the exhaust heat of the micro turbine.

Further, when the cooling / dehumidifying operation is performed, the ventilation amount, the target temperature and the target humidity are set, and the rotation speed of the dehumidifying rotor is determined so that the absolute humidity at the outlet of the dehumidifying rotor becomes equal to the target humidity. If the temperature is higher than the target temperature, it is desirable to operate the compression air conditioner. further,
When the heating and humidifying operation is performed, the second fan is rotated in the exhaust direction and the first fan is rotated in the air supply direction, the dehumidifying rotor is stopped, and the outside air passes through the dehumidifying rotor before being heated by the heating means, and further the condenser. It is desirable to operate the compression type air conditioner if the temperature is lower than the target temperature by sprinkling water on the heat exchanger in the first passage, which has been set so as to humidify. Furthermore, in the above, if the humidified outside air is higher than the target temperature, it is desirable to stop the compression type air conditioner and control the heating amount of the heating means.

Further, the indoor air is heated by the heating means to remove the water content in the adsorbent and then exhausted to the outside of the room, the water vapor of the outside air is dried with the adsorbent, and then cooled and supplied to the room for cooling. In a desiccant air conditioning system that dehumidifies,
The indoor air is heated by the condenser of the compression type air conditioner and then discharged, and the outside air is cooled by the evaporator of the compression type air conditioner and supplied to the room.

Further, in the above, it is desirable that the heating means utilize the exhaust heat of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell. Furthermore, it is desirable that the heating means utilize the exhaust heat of the micro turbine.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an overall system view of the desiccant air-conditioning system of the present invention. Reference numeral 1 denotes a space (room) that requires air conditioning, and a first passage 11 and a second passage 12 are connected to this space. In the first passage 11, the condenser 19, the heating means 15, the regenerated portion of the dehumidifying rotor 16, the first
The fan 17 is incorporated. Second in the second passage 12
The fan 18, the dehumidifying portion of the dehumidifying rotor 16, and the evaporator 20 are incorporated. The dehumidifying rotor 16 has a cylindrical shape and is filled with an adsorbent such as silica gel or activated carbon. One of the dehumidifying rotor 16 is placed in the first passage 11 and the other is placed in the second passage 12, and is slowly rotated.

The condenser 19, the expansion valve 22, the evaporator 20, and the compressor 21 are sequentially connected by piping to constitute a refrigeration cycle,
It is a compression type air conditioner. The compressor 21 has a first passage 11
And the outside of the second passage 12, and each passage 1 is connected by piping.
It leads to the inside of 1 and 12.

Temperature and humidity sensors 31 and 32 are installed in front of and behind the evaporator 20 so as to output a signal for operating the compression type air conditioner. The heating means 15 is supplied with hot water that has cooled the polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and supplies a heat source for removing moisture in the adsorbent of the dehumidifying rotor 16 to regenerate it.

The dotted line in the figure shows the system of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell, where 61 is a hydrogen electrode and 63 is an oxygen electrode. The hydrogen electrode 61 and the oxygen electrode 63 are arranged so as to sandwich the electrolyte membrane 62. Since hydrogen protons move in the electrolyte membrane 63 from the hydrogen electrode 61 to the oxygen electrode 63, electrons flow in the external circuit to generate power. Since the polymer electrolyte fuel cell generates heat, a cooler 64 is provided to keep the temperature at 80 ° C., which is efficient. Water flows in the cooler 64, and the heat generated in the fuel cell is removed by the cooling water. Further, the cooling water is guided to the exhaust gas heating means 15 through the pipe 65. By this heating, the exhaust gas temperature can be raised to around 80 ° C,
The moisture adsorbed in the adsorbent of the dehumidifier 16 can be expelled, and as a result, the adsorbent can be regenerated.

FIG. 2 is an overall system diagram when the heating means 15 of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of FIG. 1 is replaced with a micro turbine. The inside of the dotted line is a system diagram of the micro turbine, and intake air 56 of the micro turbine is compressed by the compressor 51, preheated by the regenerative heat exchanger 55, further heated by the combustor 52, and enters the turbine 53. By rotating the turbine 53, the generator 54 is rotated to generate electric power. The exhaust gas exiting the turbine 53 has a temperature close to 700 ° C. and is put into the regenerative heat exchanger 55 to preheat the combustor inlet air. The exhaust gas leaving the regenerative heat exchanger 55 is 200
The adsorbent of the dehumidifying rotor 16 is regenerated while maintaining the temperature of about ℃.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. 1, showing the details of the cooling and dehumidifying operation. The first passage 11 serves as an exhaust passage, and the indoor air enters the condenser 19 at 20 ° C. and 50%. .
The exhaust air heated by the condenser 19 is further heated to 80 ° C. by the heating means 15 and enters the dehumidifying rotor 16. The dehumidifying rotor 16 regenerates the adsorbent by removing water contained in the adsorbent such as silica gel. Then, it is exhausted to the outside.

The second passage 12 is used to supply air, and the temperature of the outside air
Assuming that the humidity is 33 ° C. and 60%, the dehumidifying rotor 16
At this time, the water vapor is adsorbed and becomes dry air, but since it is heated by the heat of adsorption, it becomes 60 ° C., 6% air at the outlet of the dehumidifying rotor 16. This is cooled by the evaporator 20, but the amount of water in the air does not change, so that the humidity becomes 70% when cooled to 20 ° C. The cooling capacity of the compression type air conditioner required at this time is about 2.5 kW, assuming an air volume of 3 m ³ / min, which is a value that is sufficiently satisfied by the cooling capacity of an air conditioner with an output of 1 HP class. The ventilation volume of 3 m ³ / min is the volume that can ventilate all the indoor air between 8 tatami mats 4 times in 1 hour, which is a sufficient ventilation volume in a normal living room, and the ventilation volume is the minimum required compared to the conventional one. It saves energy and reduces noise.

When changing the set temperature and humidity of the supply air, there are operating combinations of the dehumidifying rotor and the compression type air conditioner, which are the most energy-saving to realize the set values. By controlling the operation based on it, energy saving, low noise, and comfortable air conditioning can be realized in a small and compact size.

FIG. 4 similarly shows changes in temperature and humidity of the air during the heating / humidifying operation. In order to switch the first passage 11 and the second passage 12 from the cooling operation, the first fan 17 and the second fan 18 are connected. The rotation direction is reversed, and the first fan 17 that serves as exhaust air during cooling is used as an air supply fan during heating, and the second fan 18 that serves as air supply during cooling is used as an exhaust fan during heating. As a result, it is not necessary to change the position of the heating means 15 or to switch the heating and cooling of the compression type air conditioner, and it is possible to simplify the device. The figure also shows changes in air temperature and humidity during heating and humidifying operation.

In the first passage 11, outside air at 0 ° C. and 30% is introduced, the dehumidifying rotor 16 is stopped, and the heating means 1
When the temperature is heated to 60 ° C. in 5 the relative humidity drops to 2% even though the absolute humidity does not change. Therefore, water is sprinkled on the condenser 19 by spraying, and the air temperature drops to 50 ° C. due to the latent heat of vaporization of water, but the relative humidity rises to 20%. At this time, the compression type air conditioner is stopped, and the condenser functions merely as a humidifier. On the other hand, in the second passage 12, the room air at 25 ° C. and 40% is directly discharged as exhaust air. In this way, it is possible to introduce fresh outside air without using a dehumidifying rotor or a compression type air conditioner, and to introduce fresh outside air with only a heating means using exhaust heat of a fuel cell or a micro turbine, thereby saving energy. If exhaust heat is not sufficiently obtained, the compression air conditioner may be operated to supplement the heating capacity.

Even when heating and humidifying, it is possible to find the most energy-saving operation method that achieves the set temperature and humidity of the supply air from the outside air condition by predictive calculation, and if a program that realizes it is installed, energy saving, low noise, comfort Air conditioning that is small and compact can be realized.

FIG. 5 shows an example of the operation control during the cooling and dehumidifying operation. The smaller the ventilation volume is, the more energy saving and noise can be made. Therefore, the required ventilation volume is set first, and the target temperature T0 and the target temperature are set. Set the humidity x0. T of outside temperature and humidity
3 × 3 (in FIG. 3, 33 ° C., 60%). The temperature and humidity of the supply air at the outlet of the dehumidifying rotor 16, that is, at the inlet of the evaporator 20 are T2 and x2 (60 ° C. and 6 in FIG. 3).
%).

The rotation speed of the dehumidification rotor 16 is determined so that the absolute humidity x2 at the outlet of the dehumidification rotor becomes equal to the target humidity x0, and the rotation speed is adjusted to be that value. The temperature T2 at this time is obtained by measurement, and if T2 is higher than T0,
The compressor type air conditioner is cooled to operate, and the evaporator 20 outlet temperature T1
To a target value T0.

If the dehumidifying amount is small, the temperature T2 at the outlet of the dehumidifying rotor 16 does not become too high, so that the cooling operation load of the compressor 21 becomes small and energy is saved. Therefore, if the operation control as shown in FIG. 5 is performed, dehumidification is not performed more than necessary, so that energy saving can be achieved and the target temperature and humidity can be achieved.

The operation control during the heating operation is similar to that during the cooling operation. As shown in FIG. 6, first, the required ventilation amount is set to the minimum, and the target temperature T0 and the humidity x0 are set. Since it is not necessary to dehumidify during heating, the dehumidification rotor is stopped. The outside air temperature T3 and the humidity x3 pass through the dehumidifying rotor in the same state, and are heated to T2 (about 60 ° C.) by the heating means 15 by the exhaust heat. The humidity x2 at this time is equal to x3. Since x2 is often smaller than the target humidity x0, water is sprinkled on the condenser 19 of the compression air conditioner to humidify it. When humidified, the condenser outlet temperature decreases to T1 due to the latent heat of vaporization of water. T1 is the latent heat of vaporization,
Calculate and predict from temperature etc. If T1 is lower than the set temperature T0, the compression type air conditioner is heated and heated. T
If 1 is higher than the set temperature T0, the heating amount of the heating unit 15 is controlled to be low while the compression type air conditioner is stopped. By controlling the heating operation and the heating amount in this way, an energy saving operation can be performed without requiring an extra load.

FIG. 7 shows details of the heating means 15, in which cooling water for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is used as the heating means. In the PEFC main body, hydrogen of the hydrogen electrode 61 and oxygen of the oxygen electrode 63 react through the electrolyte membrane 62 to generate water and simultaneously generate power. Since the power generation efficiency is about 40%, the remaining 60% is heat. Cool this, PEF
Cooling water is circulated in the cooling water pipe 65 between the cooler 64 and the heating means 15 in order to keep the temperature of the main body C at about 80 ° C. The temperature of the cooling water is below 80 ° C, and such low temperature waste heat is
Until now, there was not much use other than hot water supply and heating, but as a desiccant air conditioning system, this exhaust heat is used not only for heating and humidification but also for cooling and dehumidification.

As a heat exchanger between the cooling water of the PEFC main body and the air 67 in the first passage (during cooling / humidifying operation: exhaust air),
A parallel flow type heat exchanger 66, which is often used in automobile capacitors as shown in the figure, is suitable. The fins through which the exhaust gas passes are aluminum corrugated fins, and the passage through which the cooling water flows is composed of aluminum tubes in which small rectangular flow paths are arranged in parallel. Instead of the parallel flow type heat exchanger 66, a plate fin type heat exchanger may be used to reduce the passage on the water side.

FIG. 8 shows the case where the heating means 15 uses the exhaust gas of the micro turbine. The intake air 56 of the micro turbine is compressed by the compressor 51, and the regenerated heat exchanger 55 is used.
Is preheated in the combustor 52 and further heated in the combustor 52 to enter the turbine 53. Then, by rotating the turbine, the generator 54 is rotated to generate electric power. Since the exhaust gas from the turbine has a temperature close to 700 ° C., it is put into the regenerative heat exchanger 55 to preheat the combustor inlet air. Since the exhaust gas leaving the regeneration heat exchanger 55 maintains a temperature of about 200 ° C., the adsorbent of the dehumidifying rotor 16 can be sufficiently regenerated. In the case of the micro turbine, the outlet exhaust gas of the regenerative heat exchanger 55 is introduced into the heating means 15, so that 57 serves as an exhaust gas passage. Since the exhaust gas of the micro turbine is clean, it is possible to introduce it directly into the exhaust duct, but it is desirable to indirectly heat it because it is supplied to the room during heating. As the gas-gas heat exchanger, a cross flow plate fin type heat exchanger 58 as shown in the figure is used. Reference numeral 59 is exhaust gas or air supply of the desiccant air conditioning system. Since the exhaust gas temperature of the micro turbine is about 200 ° C. even at the outlet of the regenerative heat exchanger, it is further used for an absorption refrigerator, a hot water boiler, hot water supply, etc., and the exhaust gas lowered to around 80 ° C. is used.

[0028]

As described above, according to the present invention, in the desiccant air conditioning system, the evaporator of the compression air conditioner,
Since a condenser is installed in the exhaust or air supply passage, it has sufficient dehumidification capacity, and not only ventilation, cooling and dehumidification, but also heating,
Humidification is possible, and a predetermined room temperature and humidity can be easily realized.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an entire desiccant air conditioning system according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an entire desiccant air-conditioning system according to another embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory diagram of the desiccant air-conditioning system according to the embodiment when cooling and dehumidifying.

FIG. 4 is an operation explanatory diagram when heating and humidifying the desiccant air conditioning system according to the embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing operation control during cooling and dehumidification of the desiccant air-conditioning system according to one embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing operation control during heating and humidification of the desiccant air-conditioning system according to one embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a heating unit according to one embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a heating means according to another embodiment.

FIG. 9 is an operation explanation showing a conventional desiccant air conditioner.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Space which requires air conditioning, 11 ... 1st exhaust passage (at the time of cooling humidification operation: exhaust), 12 ... 2nd air supply passage (at the time of cooling humidification operation: air supply), 15 ... Heating means, 16 ... Dehumidification rotor 1
7 ... First exhaust fan (during cooling / humidifying operation: exhaust), 18 ...
2nd fan (at the time of cooling humidification operation: air supply), 19 ... condenser,
20 ... Evaporator, 21 ... Compressor, 22 ... Expansion valve, 61 ... Hydrogen electrode, 62 ... Electrolyte membrane, 63 ... Oxygen electrode, 64 ... Cooler,
65 ... Cooling water piping, 66 ... Parallel flow type heat exchanger.

Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) F24F 11/02 102 F24F 11/02 102V (72) Inventor Tadakatsu Nakajima 502 Kandachi-cho, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki Hiritsu Seisakusho Co., Ltd. Mechanical Engineering Laboratory F-term (reference) 3L053 BA10 BC01 BC05 3L055 AA10 BA00 CA08 3L060 AA03 CC06 EE23 EE25 4D052 AA08 CB00 DA00 DA08 DB01 FA05 FA09 GA01 GA03 GB02 GB03 GB09 HA01 HA21 HB02

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A first passage and a second passage are connected in a room,
The first passage is arranged from the indoor side in the order of the heat exchanger, the heating means, the dehumidifying rotor, and the first fan, and the second passage is arranged in the order of the heat exchanger, the dehumidifying rotor, and the second fan, and the air in the room is exhausted. And a desiccant air-conditioning system in which the room is cooled and dehumidified or heated and humidified by supplying outside air to the room, in which a heat exchanger in the first passage, an expansion valve, a heat exchanger in the second passage, and a compressor are sequentially arranged. When a cooling and dehumidifying operation is provided with a compressor type air conditioner that is connected to piping to form a refrigeration cycle, room air is exhausted in the first passage and outside air is supplied in the second passage, and heat of the first passage is removed. The desiccant air-conditioning system, wherein the compression type air conditioner is operated so that the exchanger serves as a condenser and the heat exchanger in the second passage serves as an evaporator. 2. The heating device according to claim 1, wherein when the heating and humidifying operation is performed, the second fan moves in the exhaust direction toward the first fan.
A desiccant air conditioning system characterized in that the fan is rotated in the air supply direction. 3. The desiccant air-conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the heating means uses exhaust heat of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. 4. The desiccant air-conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the heating means uses exhaust heat of a micro turbine. 5. The cooling air dehumidifying operation according to claim 1, wherein a ventilation amount, a target temperature and a target humidity are set, and the rotation speed of the dehumidifying rotor is the absolute humidity at the outlet of the dehumidifying rotor. The desiccant air-conditioning system is characterized in that the compression type air conditioner is operated if the temperature at the outlet of the dehumidifying rotor is higher than the target temperature. 6. The heating and humidifying operation according to claim 1, wherein the second fan is rotated in an exhaust direction and the first fan is rotated in an air supply direction, the dehumidifying rotor is stopped, and the outside air is cooled. Is heated by the heating means after passing through the dehumidifying rotor, and water is sprinkled on the heat exchanger of the first passage, which is a condenser, to humidify it, and if the temperature is lower than the target temperature, the compression type A desiccant air conditioning system that operates an air conditioner. 7. The desiccant according to claim 6, wherein when the humidified outside air is higher than the target temperature, the compression type air conditioner is stopped to control the heating amount of the heating means. Air conditioning system. 8. The indoor air is heated by a heating means to remove the water content in the adsorbent and then exhausted to the outside of the room, the water vapor in the outside air is dried by the adsorbent, and then cooled to supply the air to the room. In a desiccant air conditioning system that performs cooling and dehumidification, indoor air is heated by a condenser of a compression air conditioner and then exhausted, and outside air is cooled by an evaporator of the compression air conditioner and supplied indoors. Desiccant air conditioning system. 9. The desiccant air-conditioning system according to claim 8, wherein the heating means uses exhaust heat of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. 10. The desiccant air-conditioning system according to claim 8, wherein the heating means uses exhaust heat of a micro turbine.