JP3817218B2 - Elevator brake torque measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to measurement of brake torque generated by a brake device provided in an elevator.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The elevator is provided with a brake device to automatically stop the rotation due to the inertia of the motor of the hoisting machine. For example, a brake device having a structure including a brake wheel fixed to an output shaft of a motor and a brake pad that comes into contact with the brake wheel and imparts frictional resistance is known. The brake pad is urged by an urging means such as a spring to contact the brake wheel when power is not supplied to the motor, and when the electric power is being supplied, the brake pad is urged by the urging means. Separated from the brake car against the forces. In recent years, a brake device using a disc brake is also used. In this case, a brake disc corresponds to the brake car.
[0003]
The brake torque generated by the brake device is sufficient to stop the elevator car and at the same time needs to be adjusted within a certain appropriate range so as not to cause a shock due to a sudden stop.
[0004]
As a method for adjusting the brake torque, there is one that determines whether the brake torque is appropriate based on the distance traveled until the car stops by operating the brake device while the elevator car is running and applying the brake. It is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-171936
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the adjustment method described in the aforementioned publication, since the speed changes, that is, it is necessary to consider the acceleration term of the equation of motion, it is necessary to obtain the inertia of the elevator car, the counterweight, and other movable parts. . This is also assumed because the movement of the car does not actually become equal acceleration due to the expansion and contraction of the hoisting rope. Further, in the initial operation of the brake device, the brake torque is not constant during the period until the car stops due to factors such as the brake pads not stably contacting the brake car. In other words, this method does not provide sufficient measurement accuracy due to errors in the process of calculating the inertia of moving parts or the assumption that brake torque that is not actually constant is constant during the braking operation period. was there.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to measure a brake torque by a simpler method and reduce an error factor.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention calculates the brake torque generated by the brake device from the mechanical balance at the time when the motor of the hoisting machine is operated at a constant speed while the brake device of the elevator is operated. When the motor is at a constant speed, that is, when the elevator system is in steady motion, the term related to the inertia of the system (the term proportional to acceleration) disappears, and the term proportional to the speed is small enough It is possible to consider only the torque balance. The torque acting on the elevator system is generated mainly by the unbalance torque caused by the difference in mass between the elevator car and the counterweight, the brake torque caused by the brake device being operated and dragged, and the motor. Output torque. The unbalance torque can be acquired as specific information from, for example, the specifications of the elevator, and the output torque can be obtained from, for example, the motor specifications or by actual measurement. Therefore, the brake torque can be calculated from the unbalance torque and the output torque.
[0009]
Further, if the brake device includes a plurality of brake pads, the brake device can be operated for each pad, the brake torque can be measured, and the total brake torque can be calculated by summing those values. It is also possible to divide a plurality of brake pads into several groups and calculate the brake torque by adding the brake torques measured for each group.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as embodiments) will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an elevator 10 according to the present embodiment. A car 12 on which passengers and luggage are placed is suspended from a hoisting rope 14. The hoisting rope 14 extends from one end fixed to the building structure above the car 12, is wound around a suspension wheel 16 fixed to the upper surface of the car 12, and further is a driving sheave 18 installed at the upper part of the hoistway. Extending to. Further, it is wound around the driving sheave 18 and the deflector wheel 20 of the hoisting machine and extends to the counterweight 22. A pulley 24 is fixed to the upper part of the counterweight 22, and the hoisting rope 14 is wound around the pulley 24, and the end thereof is fixed to the building structure. Such roping other than the roping which is fixed to one end of the hoisting rope to the structure of the building and driven by a pulley such as a suspension car fixed to a car or the like can also be employed. The above-mentioned roping is called 2-to-1 roping, but it is also possible to adopt 1-to-1 roping that directly fixes the end of the hoisting rope to a car or a counterweight.
[0011]
The drive sheave 18 is coupled to the output shaft of the motor 26 of the hoisting machine, and these rotate together. Further, a brake wheel 28 of a brake device is coupled to the output shaft of the motor 26, and two brake pads 30 and 32 are disposed on the brake wheel 28 so as to be able to come into contact therewith. The structure of the brake device including the brake wheel 28 and the brake pads 30 and 32 will be described in detail later.
[0012]
The operation of the motor 26 and the brake device is controlled by a control unit 36 disposed on the control panel 34. The control unit 36 can be connected to the maintenance terminal 38, and control related to operations specific to maintenance is sent from the terminal 38 to the control unit 36. In addition, the control unit 36 can be connected to a remote terminal 40 at a remote location via a communication line, and can send a maintenance operation instruction and a measurement result from the remote location to the remote location. .
[0013]
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of the brake device. As described above, the brake wheel 28 is coupled to the output shaft 42 of the motor and rotates integrally. Brake pads 30 and 32 are arranged so as to sandwich the brake wheel 28. The brake pads 30 and 32 are supported by brake levers 48 and 50 that rotate about fulcrums 44 and 46, respectively. The ends of the brake levers 48 and 50 opposite to the fulcrums 44 and 46 are urged by springs 52 and 54 in the direction in which the brake pads 30 and 32 abut against the brake wheel 28. Adjustment rods 56 and 58 are fixed in the vicinity of the portions where the springs 52 and 54 are in contact with the brake levers 48 and 50, and the tips of the adjustment rods 56 and 58 swing around the fulcrums 60 and 62. One end of each rocker arm 64, 66 is in contact. The other ends of the rocker arms 64 and 66 are in contact with the plunger 70 of the electromagnetic solenoid 68.
[0014]
When electric power is not supplied to the motor 26, electric power is not supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 68, and the plunger 70 is in the retracted position shown in FIG. At this time, the two brake levers 48 and 50 are biased toward each other by the biasing force of the springs 52 and 54. As a result, the brake pads 30 and 32 abut against the brake wheel 28 with an urging force, and a brake torque is applied to the output shaft 42 of the motor. When electric power is supplied to the motor 26, electric power is also supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 68, and the plunger 70 pushes the rocker arms 64 and 66, and the rocker arm resists the urging force of the springs 52 and 54, and the two brakes. The levers 48 and 50 are expanded. As a result, the brake pads 30 and 32 are separated from the brake wheel 28, and the brake torque is released.
[0015]
The braking torque generated by the braking device is an appropriate value, that is, a sufficiently large value so that the stopped state can be maintained when the elevator is stopped, while when the elevator is stopped from the moving state. In addition, it is necessary to adjust to a value that does not cause sudden braking. This adjustment is performed by adjusting bolts 72 and 74 provided at the ends of the springs 52 and 54. That is, if the adjustment bolts 72 and 74 are tightened, the lengths of the springs 52 and 54 are shortened, and the brake torque is increased. Conversely, if it is loosened, the brake torque will decrease.
[0016]
The torque acting on the output shaft of the motor 26 is
(a) Torque applied to the driving sheave 18 by the gravity applied to the car 12 and its associated parts such as the suspension wheel 16;
(b) the torque acting on the drive sheave 18 by the gravity applied to the counterweight 22 and its associated parts;
(c) torque that the motor 26 tries to rotate the drive sheave 18;
(d) torque acting by the brake device,
(e) Torque generated by the inertia of the car 12, the counterweight 22, the sheave 18, etc.
(f) Torque as a function of speed due to air resistance generated when the car 12 or the counterweight 22 moves,
It is.
[0017]
When the elevator car 12 moves at a constant speed, that is, when the motor 26 is rotating at a constant speed, the torque related to the acceleration in the item (e) is not generated. Furthermore, when moving at a relatively low speed, the torque related to the speed in (f) is small and can be ignored. In the present embodiment, the elevator is operated at a constant speed, and the brake torque of the item (d) is calculated from the balance of the torques of the items (a) to (d).
[0018]
Next, the procedure of the brake torque measurement method will be described. First, necessary information such as the specifications, specifications, management information, etc. of the elevator to be worked is input to the maintenance terminal 38. Individual information can be input from an input device provided in the terminal. Further, a storage device may be provided in the control unit 36 in the control panel 34, and information related to the elevator may be stored here, and necessary information may be acquired from the storage unit during maintenance work. The information acquired by the maintenance terminal 38 is, for example, a rated car mass, a car weight, a brake test load, and the like.
[0019]
From the input information, the maintenance terminal 38 calculates the torque that the gravity related to the car 12 or the like acts on the drive sheave 18 and the torque that the gravity related to the counterweight 22 or the like acts on the drive sheave 18. The counterweight 22 is provided to balance the gravity related to the car 12, but since the load capacity (load) of the car 12 changes, a certain value between the no-load state and the maximum load capacity can be obtained. The mass is determined to be balanced. In other words, the torque applied by the counterweight 22 in the no-load state is greater than the torque applied by the car. Hereinafter, the difference between these torques in the no-load state is referred to as unbalance torque. If adjustment is performed while the car 12 is empty (no load), the unbalance torque acts in the direction in which the car 12 is raised, that is, in the direction in which the brake wheel 28 is rotated clockwise in FIG. If it is determined that the adjustment is performed in a no-load state, the unbalance torque is determined to be a value specific to the elevator. Therefore, the unbalance torque is stored in advance in a storage device in the control unit 36 and is read from here when necessary. It can also be done. Further, the maintenance terminal 38 calculates an appropriate brake torque of the elevator from the input information. This value can also be stored in advance in a storage device in the control unit 36.
[0020]
Next, the maintenance terminal 38 instructs the control unit 36 in the control panel to perform operation control for measuring brake torque. In accordance with this instruction, the control unit 36 specifically cuts off the energization of the electromagnetic solenoid 68 so that the brake device generates brake torque. Further, the control unit 36 rotates the motor 26 at a constant speed in the direction of raising the car with the brake torque applied. That is, the elevator is operated with the brake applied. At this time, the torque acting on the output shaft of the motor is the unbalance torque, the output torque of the motor, and the brake torque, and no torque due to inertia occurs as described above. Of these torques, the unbalance torque has already been calculated, and the output torque of the motor is calculated by the control unit 36 from the power supplied to the motor 26. It is also possible to provide a torque sensor directly on the output shaft for detection. From the known unbalance torque Tu and output torque Tm,
Tb = Tu + Tm
It can ask for. The maintenance terminal 38 calculates the brake torque Tb from the above equation using the output torque Tm from the control unit 36 and the unbalance torque Tu previously obtained, and displays it. In addition, the appropriate value of the already calculated brake torque is displayed together. The operator adjusts the brake torque based on this display. Specifically, the adjustment bolts 72 and 74 are rotated, and adjustment is performed by changing the urging force of the springs 52 and 54.
[0021]
It is also possible to measure the brake torque of each of the two brake pads 30, 32. Only one of the pads can be brought into contact with the brake wheel 28 by adjusting the adjusting rods 56 and 58 respectively corresponding to the two brake pads 30 and 32. That is, on the other hand, for example, the adjustment rod 56 is retracted so as not to contact the rocker arm 64, and power is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid. The plunger 70 rotates the two rocker arms 64, 66, but one rocker arm 64 does not contact the retracting adjustment rod 56, so that the brake pad 30 contacts the brake wheel 28. Will remain. On the other hand, the rocker arm 66 abuts on the adjustment rod 58 and the brake pad 32 is separated from the brake wheel 28. Thereby, the brake torque of only one brake pad 30 can be measured. Similarly, the brake torque of the opposite brake pad 32 can be measured. The total brake torque can be calculated by summing the brake torques of the two brake pads. When more brake pads are provided, it can be divided into several groups and the brake torque for each group can be measured.
[0022]
Further, if each electromagnetic pad is provided with an electromagnetic solenoid, the operation of the brake pad can be controlled by turning on / off the electric power supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid.
[0023]
In the above embodiment, although the brake device which employ | adopted the drum brake was demonstrated, a disc brake can also be employ | adopted. In the disc brake, the brake disc is held between brake pads, and a brake torque is generated by a frictional force generated between them. When a plurality of brake pads are provided, an electromagnetic solenoid is provided for each individual pad, and the movement of the pad can be controlled independently. As in the case of the drum brake described above, also in the disk brake, during normal operation, when electric power is supplied to the motor, a current flows through the electromagnetic solenoid and the brake pad is separated from the disk. When the power supply to the motor is cut off, the brake pad comes into contact with the disk and the brake is activated. In the case of a disc brake, actuating a portion of the plurality of brake pads is accomplished without supplying current to the electromagnetic solenoid corresponding to the pads. Specifically, this is achieved by removing the cable.
[0024]
In the above-described embodiment, control related to operation and measurement for adjustment work is performed using a terminal dedicated for maintenance. However, this function can be incorporated in a control unit in the control panel in advance. Moreover, the function of the maintenance dedicated terminal described above can be provided to a remote terminal connected by a communication line, and the brake torque can be measured from the remote place.
[0025]
Further, although the unbalance torque is calculated from the specifications of the elevator, etc., the car is put into a no-load state, the brake is released, power is supplied to the motor 26, and the car is maintained in the stopped state. The output torque can be an unbalanced torque.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since the brake torque is measured by the steady motion of the elevator, the brake torque being measured becomes substantially constant, and the measurement accuracy is improved. In addition, since the inertia of the elevator system is not taken into consideration, errors relating to this are eliminated, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an elevator according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a brake device.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 elevators, 12 cars, 14 hoisting ropes, 18 drive sheaves, 22 counterweights, 26 motors, 28 brake cars, 30, 32 brake pads, 34 control panels, 36 control units, 38 maintenance terminals.

Claims (5)

A device for measuring brake torque generated by an elevator brake device,
An unbalance torque acquisition means for acquiring an unbalance torque value corresponding to the unbalance load at the time of measurement;
Brake control means for controlling the operation of the brake device;
Speed control means for controlling the speed of the elevator hoist motor;
An output torque obtaining means for controlling the operation of the brake device by the brake control means, controlling the speed of the motor to be constant by the speed control means, and obtaining a value of the output torque of the motor in a state where the brake is dragged ;
Brake torque calculating means for calculating a brake torque based on the acquired unbalance torque value and the acquired output torque value;
An elevator brake torque measuring device.   2. The elevator brake torque measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the control target of the brake control means is a brake device including a plurality of brake pads, and the brake control means detects the output torque of the motor. And an elevator brake torque measuring device that performs control to operate only a part of the plurality of brake pads. A method for measuring a brake torque generated by an elevator brake device,
Obtaining an unbalance torque value corresponding to the unbalance load at the time of measurement;
While operating the brake device, driving the motor of the elevator hoisting machine at a constant speed, and dragging the brake , obtaining the value of the output torque of the motor at that time;
Calculating a brake torque based on the acquired unbalance torque value and the acquired output torque value;
An elevator brake torque measuring method. A method for measuring a brake torque generated by an elevator brake device,
Obtaining an unbalance torque value corresponding to the unbalance load at the time of measurement;
Setting the brake device in a state in which only a part of a plurality of brake pads included in the brake device acts;
While operating the brake device only with the part of the brake pads, operating the elevator hoist motor at a constant speed and dragging the brake, the value of the output torque of the motor at that time A step to obtain,
Calculating a brake torque based on the acquired unbalance torque value and the acquired output torque value;
An elevator brake torque measuring method. A method for measuring a brake torque generated by an elevator brake device,
Obtaining an unbalance torque value corresponding to the unbalance load at the time of measurement;
Bringing the brake device into a state in which only one of the two brake pads included in the brake device acts;
The first output torque of the motor at that time while the brake device is operated only by the one brake pad and the motor of the elevator hoist is operated at a constant speed and the brake is dragged. Obtaining the value of
Setting the brake device to a state in which only one remaining brake pad acts;
While operating the brake device with only the remaining one brake pad, operating the elevator hoist motor at a constant speed and dragging the brake , the second motor of the motor at that time Obtaining an output torque value;
Calculating the brake torque based on the acquired unbalance torque value and the acquired first and second output torque values;
An elevator brake torque measuring method.

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