JP3687965B2 - Dewatering drying apparatus and method for edible plant foods and the like - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to an apparatus for draining and drying raw materials such as fresh edible plants and dishes, and a method thereof, and more particularly, after slicing a large amount of raw material into fine powder and then pressing and compressing juices. In addition, the residue relates to an apparatus and a method for drying and reusing the residue as food, feed, and fertilizer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Recently, there are huge amounts of fruit and vegetable scars and poorly-shaped items collected in farmland, scars and unsold items in the collection market, and food leftovers at the expiration date in hotels and restaurants. Even if it is incinerated as industrial waste, or landfilled in a waste disposal site, it is difficult to treat due to the large amount of water contained in it, and it has a bad odor due to rot. Currently.
[0003]
Currently, it produces juice exclusively from fruits such as apples and tomatoes, and vegetables such as cabbage and carrots among fresh edible plants for disposal. Since these contractors sliced the amount of material of about 500-600 kg, put it into a centrifuge and squeezed juices, a small amount of residue as squeezed residue is not established as a business to reuse, A high cost is paid to the disposal company.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
This type of conventional apparatus usually has a main purpose of producing juices with a centrifuge, so that a slicer and a dryer need to be provided separately. Therefore, the types of processing materials are limited, and the processing amount per batch is small. And not only does it take a long time to squeeze a large amount of juice, but the juice production efficiency is poor. Furthermore, because the amount of residue produced is small, it is cheaper to dispose and bury the waste than to use a separate drying machine, and in addition, the transfer process to a pulverizing slicer, dehydrator and dryer There are problems such as inefficiency in work efficiency.
[0005]
The present invention is capable of processing a wide variety of waste foods such as fruit vegetables, coffee, tea spices, okara, cooked foods including unsold livestock meat, lunch boxes, etc. The material made into fine particles by the provided slicer is thrown into the housing by dropping due to its own weight. And the purpose is to move to the drying process while draining by stirring compression, and the residue finally dried in the housing becomes an average of about 1/20 of the material weight before processing, and the volume of the housing It is possible to input and process the materials sequentially in a short time without consideration. In addition, the material processing amount can be processed from 13t to 16t per day, making it possible to process a huge amount of waste, reusing the residue sufficiently, eliminating most of the food and food dumping, and destroying the environment. The purpose is prevention.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the dehydrating and drying apparatus of the present invention has a housing fixed to the machine frame formed in a hopper shape from both side walls and both end walls whose top wall and lower part are inclined inward. A pair of screws are arranged in parallel between the lower parts of the shaft, the shaft end of the screw outside one end wall is provided with a drive part via a support frame, and the other shaft end side is rotatably supported by the support frame The perforated filter plate disposed close to the lower part of the rotation trajectory of the outer ends of the blades of both screws is attached to the lower end edges of both walls. Further, a pair of pipes provided between the center portions of both end walls are configured to be sterilized and dehydrated and dried by injecting saturated steam and heated gas of about 90 ° C. to 120 ° C. downward through a nozzle hole.
[0007]
When installing the filtration tank or other attached equipment on the floor surface to remove the juice stock juice drained from the raw material when installing the above machine frame, mount it on the underframe, but when digging the floor surface No underframe is necessary.
[0008]
Collected edible plants, cooked materials, etc. are washed with sterilized water and drained in advance, then weighed, and a small amount of material is inserted through the opening of the upper slicer with a predetermined time interval. The
[0009]
The slicer is driven by several rotating blades and a fixed blade inserted between the blades, and the material is cut to an average diameter of about 5 mm to 10 mm and moved downward by its own weight. Fall to Skrill. The casing has a hopper shape with a narrow bottom, and smoothly moves down due to the weight of the material.
[0010]
Each of the pair of screens is electrically operated so that both turn clockwise or counterclockwise at a time interval, and when one rotates clockwise, the other rotates counterclockwise, and when one rotates counterclockwise, the other rotates clockwise. Automatically activated. Thereby, the one side part of the input upper material is shifted to the side wall side, so that the material on the other side wall is lowered to the screw portion. The reverse case also occurs, or the upper material rotates in an elliptical shape, and acts to smooth the whole even if the material is shifted into the housing. Therefore, even if it is sequentially put into the casing of the apparatus in time, it is uniformly stirred and dehydrated by a pair of screws.
[0011]
The material that moves while being squeezed and squeezed by the scriille is also drained, filtered and reused as fresh juice, with the pressure from the upper material being rapidly drained, approximately 20 minutes The dry residue whose weight and bulk have been reduced to about 1 can be used immediately as needed while storing it as fresh food extender, functional material, livestock, cultured fish feed or fertilizer.
[0012]
An injection pipe having a through hole is arranged between the central portions of both end walls of the housing, and saturated steam supplied from a boiler connected to the injection pipe is injected, and the material that is constantly drained is 40 ° C or higher. When heated, it becomes soft, the rotation of the screen becomes good, power consumption is saved, and liquid is drained rapidly. Furthermore, the raw material is sterilized by heating and is safely used as food or feed.
[0013]
When the liquid removal process is completed by the injection of the steam injection pipe, the heating gas is ejected from the heating gas injection pipe disposed above the injection pipe, and the process proceeds to the drying process. The heated gas is forcibly taken out from the already heated casing and heat-exchanged with the saturated steam of the boiler described above, and then heated gas of about 80 ° C. to 120 ° C. is obtained from the through hole of the heated gas injection pipe. Since it is sprayed, the water in the contained liquid is heated to about 50 to 60% and dehydrated to rapidly dry to a moisture content of 10 to 15%. The residue can be stored in the dry state for about 20 to 30 days without change or spoilage, and is used according to its purpose when necessary.
[0014]
The low-temperature vapor and superheated gas in the housing are forcibly sucked with a blower provided on the top wall of the housing via a suction pipe, and then the odor of the material itself and juice is absorbed by a known deodorizer. After removal, exhaust from the chimney. At that time, the material itself is fresh and has no spoilage odor or bad odor, but since the material itself has an odor, consideration is given so as not to affect the neighborhood and the environment.
[0015]
There are a wide variety of materials. In general, fruits and vegetables have a liquid content of about 92% to 96%, especially tomatoes reach 97%, and Chinese cabbage loses its viscosity as dehydration accelerates, so the driving energy of the scream is reduced and the drying process time is shortened. Further, the dehydration and drying time varies depending on the liquid content, freshness, viscosity, and the like, and there is a difficulty in trying to process efficiently by automating the electric control circuit.
[0016]
The tea liquor, coffee tea grounds (squeezed), etc. in the ingredients are mostly less than 90% of the liquid content (moisture), and if they are sliced into fine powders, there is no viscosity, so the drying process can be completed in a short time. It is preferable to mix with food. Furthermore, okara has been originally squeezed out soy milk, has no viscosity, and can be processed quickly and quickly if sliced finely. Therefore, it can be used for many foods, feeds and fertilizers. It is done.
[0017]
Cooked foods in the ingredients and food items such as bento are mixed with dried okara, which contains meat and sticky rice, etc. and contains a small amount of liquid. However, the drainage operation is often carried out carefully and used as feed for underwater fish farms.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples with reference to the drawings.
Explaining the raw material to be processed with the device 1 of FIG. 1 with fresh Chinese cabbage scraps, soaked in a water tank of 200PPM disinfectant mixed with sodium hypochlorite to the extent that it is harmless to human livestock as pretreatment To do. At that time, iron knives, scissors, etc. are attracted to the permanent magnet on the side wall, stainless steel materials and light metal instruments are submerged in the groove on the bottom wall by their own weight, and the dried residue after processing is used as food and feed for reuse. Avoid the danger of shortage of food. The sterilized and cleaned Chinese cabbage scraps are transferred to a perforated base plate and drained. Drained Chinese cabbage scraps are loaded at a maximum of about 1t at a time into the loading tank every 10 to 13 minutes, and the bottom is transferred by a scouring conveyor.
[0019]
An apparatus 1 for dewatering and drying Chinese cabbage scraps transported by draining forms a frame 2 in a rectangular parallelepiped shape with a rectangular steel pipe or a grooved steel material. A stainless steel plate casing 8 is formed in the machine frame 2 in a hopper shape. The lower portions of the side walls 3 and 4 of the frame are provided with inclined portions 3a and 4a bent inwardly by about 30 degrees. A drive-side end wall 5 and a residue discharge-side end wall 6 are provided at the lower end edges of both side walls, and a top wall 7 is provided via an upper machine frame to form a casing.
[0020]
At the bottom of both end walls 5, 6, there are provided scribes 12a, 12b having wound blades 11a, 11b that hang on a pair of parallel and horizontal shafts 10a, 10b, and both end shafts are pivotably penetrated. It is supported by the channel steel 14 of the support frame 13 attached to the frame and the bearing 16 of the holding plate 15. The other end side shaft portion is rotatably held by a grooved steel member 18 in the support frame 17 via a bearing 19.
[0021]
A support base 21 with a pair of adjustment bases 20a and 20b is provided on the lower frame extension of the machine frame 2, and speed reducers 22a and 22b having drive motors 21a and 21b are arranged on both adjustment bases. The driven gears 23a and 23b provided on the rotating shaft are engaged with driven gears 24a and 24b at the shaft ends protruding from the holding plate 14, respectively. As a result, the skrills 12a and 12b dehydrate the material by rotating 12-18 revolutions per minute depending on the type of material, freshness, and water content.
[0022]
It consists of a stainless steel plate with a large number of holes 25a, 25b with a diameter of about 3 mm that penetrates the drained juice in the vicinity of the lower half circumference of the rotation trajectory of the outer edges of the blades 11a, 11b of the two screws 12a, 12b. Filter plates 26a and 26b having a W-shaped cross section are arranged and attached to the lower edges of both side walls and both end walls. And the filter plate 27 which covered both filter plate inner edge parts by the both sides in the notch part of the center part of the filter plates 26a and 26b is arrange | positioned so that removal is possible, and it is screwed to the lower edge part of both side walls. Yes. This is a dust discharge part when the inside of the casing is washed with water jet.
[0023]
FIG. 4 is an end view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2, and an opening 28 is provided in the corresponding portion of the scriber blade provided in the downward extension 6 a of the end wall 6. Then, a lid 29 having a large number of through holes 25c covering the opening is arranged with the shafts 10a and 10b interposed. A plurality of receiving members of the lid 29 are locked with a lock 30 provided rotatably on the end wall 6a, and the lid 29 is provided so as to be openable and closable.
[0024]
Since the particulate material that has been compressed and moved to the lid 29 by the screw is discharged so that the juice is scattered from the through holes 25c, the scattered juice is received by the stop plate 32 interposed on the support frame 17 side of the shafts 10a, 10b. Then, it is dropped into the lower guide groove 33 b and guided to the filtration tank 34. On the other hand, the shafts 10a and 10b adjacent to the end wall 6a are provided with stirring rods 34a in the radial direction to transfer the particle material in the lateral direction, thereby reducing unexpected pressure damage to the lid 29. To prevent.
[0025]
A large number of through holes 25d are provided in portions corresponding to the blades 11a and 11b at the lower part of the driving side end wall 5 shown in FIG. In order to allow juice splashing outward from the through hole 25d to fall into the lower guide groove 33a and flow down, a stop plate 35 is attached to the shafts 10a and 10b on the outer side of the end wall 5 as shown in FIGS. The upper end is attached to the end wall 5 while being interposed. The shafts 10a and 10b adjacent to the inner surface of the end wall 5 are provided with stirring rods 34b in the radial direction, and the particle material compressed on the end wall 5 is moved laterally, thereby overloading the end wall 5. Suppress and prevent damage.
[0026]
A slicer 36 is provided on one side of the housing top wall 7. In the slicer 36, the lower end of the inclined cylindrical housing 37 opens in the top wall 7 and is connected to the drive motor 38 and the drive shaft of the speed reducer behind the rear end wall. A rotary shaft 39 is disposed through both end walls of the cylindrical housing 37, and four cutting blades 40 are provided on the rotary shaft 39 in a plurality of housings at a desired interval in a direction orthogonal to the radial direction. Between the cutting blades 40, auxiliary cutting blades 41 disposed on the upper and lower parts in the cylindrical housing are interposed. The draining material described above is sequentially fed into the opening 42 provided at the upper rear end of the cylindrical housing 37 for each desired amount measured by the screw conveyor, and is crushed into an irregular shape having a diameter of about 5 to 10 mm. However, it flows down by its own weight and falls into the housing. The slicer is preferably closed with a damper or the like when not in use.
[0027]
The pair of screws 12a and 12b for compressing and draining the material dropped on the lower part of the housing 8 is preferably heated by steam in order to operate efficiently and with low power. For this reason, saturated steam at 90 ° C. to 120 ° C. is discharged to the supply pipe 45 by the boiler 44 shown in FIG. 6, the electromagnetic valve 46 and the manual valve 47 are closed, and the electromagnetic valve 49 and the manual valve 50 of the branched bent pipe 48. Is opened and led from the end wall 5 to the injection pipe 51 disposed in the housing. The steam injection pipe 51 has one through hole 52 at the center of the lower part and two through holes 52 on both sides at intervals of 20 cm. The diameter of the through hole 52 in the tube portion is 3 mm, but the diameter increases to about 5 mm as it reaches the end side. Thereby, steam is uniformly sprayed downward from the entire area of the spray pipe, and the particle material is heated to a temperature of 40 ° C. to 50 ° C. and softened. The softened material is efficiently compressed and drained by the power-saving power energy of the screw, and the material is further atomized by the frictional force. And it is sterilized by this heating.
[0028]
When the moisture content of the contained liquid reaches 50 to 60% due to the liquid removal treatment of the raw material, the liquid removal treatment process consisting of steam injection is stopped and switched to the drying treatment process. In the drying process, as shown in FIG. 6, first, the electromagnetic valve 49 and the manual valve 50 provided in the bending pipe 48 are closed, and the electromagnetic valve 46 and the manual valve 47 of the supply pipe 45 are opened. On the other hand, the variable damper 57 of the bending tube 56 connected to the housing top wall 7 and forcibly sucking the internal gas with the blower 55 is opened, and the internal gas is supplied to the heat exchanger 54. After the internal gas is heated to about 90 ° C. to 120 ° C. by the heat exchanger 54, the distal end of the bending tube 58 connected to the heat exchanger 54 is a heated gas injection tube 59 with one end provided on the end wall 5. Connected to. As the spray tube 59 moves from the base to the tip side, three through-holes with a diameter of 3 mm are formed in the lower part of the peripheral wall every 20 cm, and the fine particle material heated by the spray gas is heated to about 40 ° C. to 60 ° C. It will dry out. When the drying process is performed for 6 to 8 hours, the moisture content is about 10 to 15%. Even if it is taken out and stored in this dry state, it will not rot for about 2 to 3 weeks. However, in order to dehydrate the contained water to 10% or less, it is possible to improve the operating efficiency of the apparatus by treating with a vacuum dryer provided separately.
[0029]
The juice filtered through the filter plates 26a, 26b, the through holes of the end walls 5 and 6, and the through holes of the lid 29 falls into the guide grooves 33a, 33b and flows into the filter tank 34. The filtration tank 34 is sequentially provided with several metal mesh plates having a small mesh diameter, and a juice stock solution is prepared by filtering and precipitating the cage. On the other hand, when the drying process is finished and the residue is taken out from the housing, the guide 29 is pulled out, the lid 29 is opened and the screws 12a and 12b are operated to discharge the residue. 1 is transferred to a desired packaging processing place by the belt conveyor 53 shown in FIG.
[0030]
A blower 60 with a prime mover is disposed at a desired position on the housing top wall 7 of the present apparatus via a gas suction pipe 61 containing vapor in the housing. The blower 60 deodorizes various known odors through a bent tube connected to the blower 60 and is exhausted from the chimney. The inside of the housing 8 is further dried while supplying heated gas after performing a liquid removal process while injecting saturated vapor. Since this water vapor is originally treated fresh, there is no spoilage or odor, but the original odor is generated. Since this odor causes trouble even if the apparatus is installed in the factory complex, the odor is absorbed or eliminated by various known deodorizers from the blower 60 and then discharged from the chimney.
[0031]
In the step of dewatering and drying with hot air in the housing 8 of the apparatus, the movement of the material will be specifically described according to the automatic switching of the switch of the control panel 31, the timer, and the forward / reverse converter by the rotation of the pair of screws. . When the screws 12a and 12b viewed from the drive side are rotated to the right, the material of both screw parts is compressed and squeezed and moved to the end wall 5 on the drive side, and rises while being drained. Then, the entire upper material moves to the side wall 3 side, and the upper material on the side wall 4 side descends and descends to the screw 12b. The operation time depends on the type of material, but in the case of Chinese cabbage waste, it is about 5 to 10 minutes. Next, when the screw 12b rotates in the reverse direction, the material of that part moves to the end wall 6 side, and the material of the upper part moves to the side walls, so that the central upper material descends. At the same time, the material at the top of the screw 12b moves toward the end wall 6, but the material at the top of the screw 12a tends to move toward the end wall 5, so that the entire material rotates in a clockwise elliptical shape. This is completed in about 10 to 20 minutes. Next, when the screw 12a is rotated to the left and 12b is rotated to the right, the material of the 12a portion is compressed and moved to the end wall 6 side, and the material of the 12b portion is moved to the end wall 5 side. The upper material tends to be moved toward the central axis of the housing, and the material on both sides descends to 12a and 12b. Moreover, the upper material as a whole rotates counterclockwise in an oval shape. This is also operated for about 5 to 10 minutes. Next, when both 12a and 12b are rotated counterclockwise, the material of both screw parts is compressed and moved to the end wall 6 side, the upper material is moved to the side wall 4 side, and the material of the side wall 3 side is lowered to the screw 12a part. This operation time is about 5 to 10 minutes. Since the material moves in this way, even if the material is sequentially added, the whole is uniformly dehydrated and dried.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
[0033]
A pair of rotating screws arranged at the bottom of the device housing is of the same configuration and is also dried, while generating a large amount of edible juice in the process of compressing and draining the finely divided material. , Extremely efficient processing.
[0034]
Since the cutting particulate material to be put into the case is compressed with a screw, if we measure and put in order at intervals of time, the liquid will rapidly drain without considering the case volume and the weight of the material will also increase Perish. Therefore, a large amount of liquid removal processing is possible in a short time, and it is possible to process 14t to 16t of material per day simply by predicting that the dry residue will eventually become half of the housing volume. .
[0035]
Furthermore, if a draining material is introduced into the opening of the slicer provided on the top wall of the device housing, the juice generated by falling into the screw section at the bottom of the housing while being cut and crushed, And filtered from the lower perforated filter plate to make a fresh drink. As described above, it is possible to efficiently process a large amount of materials at a low cost by a flow-down method based on its own weight.
[0036]
When the material is drained and dried to a moisture content of about 10-15%, it is stored as a powdery residue, and if necessary, it is mostly used as various foods and food functional materials, extenders, feeds, and fertilizers. It becomes possible to recycle what was disposed of as garbage. In this way, conventionally, fresh garbage such as unsold goods and leftovers are largely reused as the collection network is improved, and the environment is not destroyed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of a partly cutout of a liquid removal drying apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway front view of the dewatering drying apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway plan view of the dewatering drying apparatus.
4 is an end view taken along the line AA of FIG. 2. FIG.
5 is an end view taken along the line B-B in FIG. 2; FIG.
FIG. 6 is a path diagram for injecting steam and heated gas into the apparatus housing.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Dewatering dryer 2 Machine frame
3 3a4, 4a Side wall 5, 6.6a End wall 7 Top wall 8 Housing 10a. 10b Shaft 12 Screw 13.17 Support frame 15 Holding plate 21a. 21b Drive motors 22a, 22b Reduction gears 23a, 23b 24a, 24b Gears 25a, 25b 25c, 25b Through holes 26a, 26b Filter plate 29 Lids 33a, 33b Guide grooves 34a, 34b Stirrer 36 Slicer 40 Cutting blade 41 Auxiliary cutting blade 48 56.58 Bent tube 51 Steam injection tube 59 Heated gas injection tube

Claims (6)

A pair of parallel screw both end wall shafts penetrates the lower part of both end walls of the hopper-shaped housing provided on the machine frame and is rotatably disposed on the support frame outside the both end walls. The provided driven gear meshes with the drive gear of the speed reducer shaft connected to the drive mechanism, whereby both the screws that squeeze and compress the particulate material by stirring and compressing the timer and the voltage forward / reverse converter of the electric control panel, respectively. The perforated filter plate close to the lower half of the rotation trajectory of the outer ends of the blades of both screws is fixed to the bottom wall of the casing. In addition, a heated gas injection pipe that raises the material in the housing to 50 ° C to 60 ° C and dries between the two end walls is provided, and the tip side of the inclined slicer with a drive unit is disposed on one side of the top wall of the housing. And, in the appropriate place on the top wall, dispose of it through the odor absorbing and removing machine from the blower that sucks the gas and odor in the housing. An apparatus for draining and drying edible plant foods, etc., characterized in that a chimney is provided. A steam injection pipe having a plurality of downwardly facing through holes is provided between both end walls of the casing, and saturated steam generated at a temperature of about 90 ° C. to 110 ° C. is generated in a boiler provided outside the casing. 2. The edible plant food product according to claim 1, wherein the edible plant food product is connected to the vapor jet pipe by a bent pipe, and the casing material is heated to at least 40 ° C. to 50 ° C. to improve the liquid removal treatment. Dehydrating and drying equipment. A heated gas injection pipe is provided between the upper end walls of the steam injection pipe, and a plurality of through holes are formed downward with a space therebetween, while the saturated steam of the boiler is supplied to the heat exchanger via the supply pipe. The heat exchanger is connected to a blower that sucks the gas in the housing by a bending tube connected to the top wall of the housing, and the gas heated by the heat exchange connected to the blower passes through the bending tube. 2. The dewatering drying apparatus for edible plant foods and the like according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is connected to the heated gas injection pipe introduced through the apparatus and dries the material. A filter part having a large number of through holes for compressing and draining the material and discharging juice is provided in the lower part of the housing side wall of the drive side of the housing, and the juice is scattered outside the filter part. 2. The dewatering drying apparatus for edible plant foods and the like according to claim 1, wherein a stop plate is provided and a juice guide groove is provided on the lower side. The discharge opening in the lower area of the end wall on the residue discharge side of the housing is provided with an open / close lid with a number of through holes for discharging juice so that it can be opened with a lock. 2. The apparatus for draining and drying edible plant foods and the like according to claim 1, wherein the removable portion of the guide groove is pulled out and the residue in the housing is dropped and transferred to a lower belt conveyor. . Fresh but deformed scraps of fruit and vegetable dishes are collected separately and collected, washed with aquarium water mixed with a small amount of sterilizing agent, then drained after removing metal, etc. The material cut to about 5 to 10 mm in diameter by the slicer, which is sequentially inserted into the opening of the slicer on the device, falls into the housing of the device sequentially by its own weight, and then a pair of horizontal and parallel screws rotate in the direction of time. The material cut by repeating this change is compressed while being stirred and drained.In the draining process, saturated steam is injected to warm the material from 40 ° C to 50 ° C for efficient processing, When it is visually confirmed that the juice discharge amount has decreased, the steam injection is stopped, and then the heated gas is injected to proceed to the drying step. When the juice discharge is exhausted, the lid at the bottom of the housing is opened to remove the dry residue and process for reuse. On the other hand, moisture and odor in the housing are sucked in to absorb the odor. A method for draining and drying edible plant foods, which is exhausted from the chimney later.

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