JP3631786B2 - Method for manufacturing voltage nonlinear resistor - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing voltage nonlinear resistor Download PDF

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JP3631786B2
JP3631786B2 JP27687194A JP27687194A JP3631786B2 JP 3631786 B2 JP3631786 B2 JP 3631786B2 JP 27687194 A JP27687194 A JP 27687194A JP 27687194 A JP27687194 A JP 27687194A JP 3631786 B2 JP3631786 B2 JP 3631786B2
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Prior art keywords
voltage
resistor
oxide
cobalt
nonlinear resistor
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JPH08138910A (en
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幸雄 田上
憲 飯田
清文 荻田
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Meidensha Corp
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Meidensha Corp
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は酸化亜鉛を主成分とする電圧非直線抵抗体に関し、特に酸化亜鉛形避雷器に組み込まれる電圧非直線抵抗体に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に電圧非直線抵抗体はオームの法則に従わず、電圧が高くなると抵抗が減少し、電流が著しく増加するという電圧非直線的な電圧−電流特性を有するため、避雷器やサージアブソーバのような異常電圧の吸収などの用途において大きな効果を発揮する。
【0003】
このような電圧非直線抵抗体として例えば酸化亜鉛を主成分とする酸化亜鉛素子が挙げられる。一般に、この酸化亜鉛を主成分とする電圧非直線抵抗体は副添加物として酸化ビスマス、酸化珪素、酸化アンチモン、酸化コバルト、酸化マンガン、酸化クロム、酸化ニッケル等を含有し、電圧非直線性が高く熱損失の小さい組成配合となっている。
【0004】
通常、上記のような酸化亜鉛を主成分とする電圧非直線抵抗体は以下のように製造される。
【0005】
まず、上記副添加成分をボールミル等で予備粉砕した後に有機バインダ及び酸化亜鉛と混合し、スプレードライヤーで乾燥を行って流動性の良い造粒粉を得る。上記工程で用いる有機バインダーとしては、通常は水系の有機バインダー、例えばポリビニルアルコール(以下PVA)が用いられている。
【0006】
次に、この造粒粉を金型成形プレスにより円板等の形状に成形し、脱脂を行った後に800〜1000(℃)で仮焼し、側面に絶縁セラミック材料を塗布した後に1000〜1300(℃)で数時間焼成する。更に側面に絶縁セラミック材料の塗布、焼き付けを行い、両端面研磨した後にアルミニウムの電極を溶射して電圧非直線抵抗体を素子を完成する。
【0007】
以上のようにして得られた素子は、例えば避雷器の限流要素ユニット等に用いられる。
【0008】
避雷器用の電圧非直線抵抗体は、一般の弱電用サージ・アブソーバに比べると吸収すべきエネルギーが大きいので、大きな体積、または大口径サイズのZnO素子が必要になる。
【0009】
ZnO素子の開発や改善において、電気機器を雷インパルス等の異常電圧から保護するという避雷器の担う本質的な性能を向上させるため、素子の制限電圧特性の改良には枚挙にいとまがない。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
現在技術において、酸化亜鉛に添加する金属酸化物の種類や配合によって、得られる電圧非直線抵抗体の制限電圧特性は著しく変化する。
【0011】
特に、同じ原料を用いた場合でも、その原料の入手源によっては製造される電圧非直線抵抗体の各種特性が著しく変化することがあり、その特性を安定させることは困難である。
【0012】
本発明は上記背景の下になされたものであり、各種特性に優れ、かつ均一な特性の抵抗体を安定供給することができる電圧非直線抵抗体の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0013】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明は、酸化亜鉛を主成分とし無機コバルト塩類を含む金属酸化物粉体を造粒し、これにより得られる造粒粉を成形、焼成する工程を有する電圧非直線抵抗体の製造方法において、
原料粉体として添加する前記無機コバルト塩類のN a 含有量は、コバルトをC o 2 3 に換算して 2 300(ppm) とし、且つ前記無機コバルト塩類以外の金属酸化物粉体を含んで造粒した造粒粉におけるN a 含有量を 41 50(ppm) としたことを特徴とする
【0015】
一般に、酸化亜鉛に添加する金属酸化物の種類や配合によって、得られる電圧非直線抵抗体の制限電圧特性は著しく変化する。
【0016】
特に、同じ原料を用いた場合でも、その原料のグレード(純度や不純物含有量による)およびZnO焼結体に含まれる微量不純物量によって、抵抗体の各種特性は著しく変化する。
【0017】
本発明者らは電圧非直線抵抗体にNaが混入すると抵抗体の各種特性が大きく変動することを見いだした。上記した発明によれば、抵抗体におけるNa含有量が抑えられているので、課電時の電力損失が増大することなく抵抗体の制限電圧特性が向上される。
【0018】
【実施例】
ZnO素子の制限電圧特性に影響を及ぼす因子となる不純物元素としてナトリウム(Na)がある。本実施例では、特に酸化コバルトから混入するNa量に着目し、以下のような試作試験を実施して制限電圧特性との相関を調査した。
【0019】
まず、A,B,Cの各社で市販されている酸化コバルトを試料とし、これら3種のコバルト試料を用いて10種類の配合組み合わせの原料粉体を調製した。この原料粉体をボール・ミルで湿式混合し、乾燥、解砕することにより、Na量を変化させた酸化コバルト粉体を調整した。
【0020】
得られた酸化コバルトの仕込配合及びICP分光分析装置によるNa量の分析結果を併せて表1に示す。
【0021】
【表1】

Figure 0003631786
【0022】
この表に示されるように、A,B,C各社製品を単独で用いた試料1、7、10においてはそれぞれICPによるNa含有量が大きく異なる。この例では試料番号が大きくなるにつれてNa含有量が大きくなるように試料を調製した。
【0023】
これら各酸化コバルト粉体試料に、残りの金属酸化物粉体(Bi、Sb、Cr、MnO、SiO、NiO等)を配合し、湿式混合・粉砕した。これによって上記試料1〜10を用いた10種類の添加物スラリーを作製した。
【0024】
次に、結合剤と分散剤からなる有機バインダー溶液を調製し、それぞれ主原料である酸化亜鉛と上記各添加物スラリーを所定量加えボール・ミルで十分混合した。
【0025】
得られた原料スラリーを脱泡した後、スプレードライヤーにて噴霧乾燥し造粒粉を得た。得られた10種類の造粒粉について、ICP分光分析装置によりNa混入量の測定を行った。その測定結果を表2に示す。
【0026】
【表2】
Figure 0003631786
【0027】
さらに、この造粒粉をそれぞれφ60の乾式金型プレスにて成形した。成形にあたっては一定質量の造粒粉を計量し、φ60−t30となるように成形圧力を調整して行った。
【0028】
上記得られた各成形体を800〜1000℃で2時間仮焼し、側面部にセラミック絶縁材を塗布後、1100〜1300℃で10時間焼成した。さらに側面部に低融点ガラスを塗布後、500〜700℃で焼付けを行い、両端面を研磨して、アルミニウムの電極を溶射して電圧非直線抵抗体試料1〜10を完成した。
【0029】
以上のようにして得られたZnO素子焼結体に対して、DC小電流測定、非直線性係数、制限電圧比測定、ACワットロス測定、放電耐量試験を実施した。その結果を表2及び表3に示す。また、酸化コバルト中のNa量に対する制限電圧比の相関及び造粒粉中のNa量に対する制限電圧比の相関を調べた。その結果を示すグラフをそれぞれ図1、2に示す。
【0030】
【表3】
Figure 0003631786
【0031】
これら各測定における測定条件を以下に示す。
【0032】
【表4】
Figure 0003631786
表2に示されるように、Na含有量が小さくするとワットロスも小さくなる傾向がある。また、図1及び2に示されるように、酸化コバルト及び造粒粉中のNa含有量を低くすることで制限電圧特性が向上する。
【0033】
特に酸化コバルト中のNa量を2(ppm)以上約300(ppm)(ただしコバルトはCo23換算料)以下とすること、及び造粒粉中のNa含有量を41(ppm)以上50(ppm)以下とすることで、ワットロスを小さく抑えるとともに制限電圧比を向上させることができる。更に、表3に示されるように、放電耐量能力も若干向上する。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、原料の入手源によって製造される電圧非直線抵抗体の各種特性を安定させるとともに、各種特性に優れ、かつ均一な特性の電圧非直線抵抗体を安定供給することができ、また、電圧非直線抵抗体におけるナトリウム量を抑えているので、電力損失を増大させることなくZnO素子の制限電圧特性が向上し、避雷器の保護性能が向上するとともに、避雷器の素子設計に裕度をもつことができる。
【0035】
更に、放電耐量試験・規定電流値における吸収エネルギー量も低減できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】酸化コバルト中のNa量と制限電圧比との相関を示すグラフ。
【図2】造粒粉中のNa量と制限電圧比との相関を示すグラフ。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a voltage non-linear resistor mainly composed of zinc oxide, and more particularly to a voltage non-linear resistor incorporated in a zinc oxide type arrester.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, voltage non-linear resistors do not follow Ohm's law and have a voltage non-linear voltage-current characteristic in which the resistance decreases and the current increases significantly as the voltage increases. Great effect in applications such as voltage absorption.
[0003]
An example of such a voltage non-linear resistor is a zinc oxide element mainly composed of zinc oxide. Generally, this voltage nonlinear resistor mainly composed of zinc oxide contains bismuth oxide, silicon oxide, antimony oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, nickel oxide, etc. as auxiliary additives, and has voltage nonlinearity. It has a high composition with low heat loss.
[0004]
Usually, the voltage nonlinear resistor mainly composed of zinc oxide as described above is manufactured as follows.
[0005]
First, the auxiliary additive component is preliminarily pulverized with a ball mill or the like, mixed with an organic binder and zinc oxide, and dried with a spray dryer to obtain a granulated powder having good fluidity. As the organic binder used in the above step, a water-based organic binder such as polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as PVA) is usually used.
[0006]
Next, this granulated powder is formed into a disk shape or the like by a mold forming press, degreased, calcined at 800 to 1000 (° C.), and after applying an insulating ceramic material on the side surface, 1000 to 1300. Bake for several hours at (° C). Further, an insulating ceramic material is applied and baked on the side surfaces, both end surfaces are polished, and then an aluminum electrode is sprayed to complete a voltage non-linear resistance element.
[0007]
The element obtained as described above is used, for example, in a current limiting element unit of a lightning arrester.
[0008]
The voltage non-linear resistor for a lightning arrester needs a large volume or a large aperture size ZnO element because it has a larger energy to be absorbed than a general light-current surge absorber.
[0009]
In the development and improvement of ZnO elements, in order to improve the essential performance of a lightning arrester that protects electrical equipment from abnormal voltages such as lightning impulses, improvement of the limiting voltage characteristics of the elements is enormous.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the current technology, the limiting voltage characteristics of the obtained voltage non-linear resistor vary significantly depending on the type and composition of the metal oxide added to zinc oxide.
[0011]
In particular, even when the same raw material is used, depending on the source of the raw material, various characteristics of the voltage nonlinear resistor to be manufactured may change significantly, and it is difficult to stabilize the characteristics.
[0012]
The present invention has been made under the above background, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a voltage non-linear resistor capable of stably supplying a resistor having various characteristics and uniform characteristics.
[0013]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a voltage having a step of granulating a metal oxide powder containing zinc oxide as a main component and containing inorganic cobalt salts, and molding and baking the granulated powder obtained thereby. In the method of manufacturing a non-linear resistor,
N a content of the inorganic cobalt salts to be added as the raw material powders, in terms of cobalt to C o 2 O 3 and 2 ~ 300 (ppm), and includes a metal oxide powder other than the inorganic cobalt salts characterized in that the N a content is 41 ~ 50 (ppm) in the granulated granulated powder [0015]
In general, the limiting voltage characteristics of the obtained voltage non-linear resistor vary significantly depending on the type and composition of the metal oxide added to zinc oxide.
[0016]
In particular, even when the same raw material is used, various characteristics of the resistor significantly change depending on the grade of the raw material (depending on purity and impurity content) and the amount of trace impurities contained in the ZnO sintered body.
[0017]
The present inventors have found that various characteristics of the resistor greatly fluctuate when Na is mixed into the voltage nonlinear resistor. According to the above-described invention, since the Na content in the resistor is suppressed, the limiting voltage characteristic of the resistor is improved without increasing the power loss during power application.
[0018]
【Example】
There is sodium (Na) as an impurity element that becomes a factor affecting the limiting voltage characteristics of the ZnO element. In this example, paying attention to the amount of Na mixed from cobalt oxide in particular, the following prototype test was conducted to investigate the correlation with the limiting voltage characteristics.
[0019]
First, cobalt oxides commercially available from companies A, B, and C were used as samples, and raw material powders of 10 types of combination were prepared using these three types of cobalt samples. This raw material powder was wet-mixed with a ball mill, dried and pulverized to prepare cobalt oxide powder having a changed amount of Na.
[0020]
Table 1 shows the obtained cobalt oxide preparation composition and the analysis result of the Na amount by the ICP spectrometer.
[0021]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003631786
[0022]
As shown in this table, the samples 1, 7, and 10 using the products of each company A, B, and C independently differ greatly in Na content by ICP. In this example, the sample was prepared so that the Na content increased as the sample number increased.
[0023]
These cobalt oxide powder samples were mixed with the remaining metal oxide powder (Bi 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , SiO 2 , NiO, etc.), wet-mixed and pulverized. . As a result, 10 types of additive slurries using Samples 1 to 10 were prepared.
[0024]
Next, an organic binder solution composed of a binder and a dispersant was prepared, and zinc oxide as a main raw material and each of the above additive slurries were added in predetermined amounts and sufficiently mixed with a ball mill.
[0025]
The obtained raw material slurry was defoamed and then spray-dried with a spray dryer to obtain granulated powder. About 10 types of obtained granulated powder, the amount of Na mixing was measured with the ICP spectrometer. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.
[0026]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003631786
[0027]
Further, each of the granulated powders was molded by a dry mold press of φ60. In molding, granulated powder having a constant mass was weighed and the molding pressure was adjusted to be φ60-t30.
[0028]
Each of the obtained molded bodies was calcined at 800 to 1000 ° C. for 2 hours, a ceramic insulating material was applied to the side surface, and then fired at 1100 to 1300 ° C. for 10 hours. Further, after applying low-melting glass to the side surface, baking was performed at 500 to 700 ° C., both end surfaces were polished, and aluminum electrodes were sprayed to complete voltage nonlinear resistor samples 1 to 10.
[0029]
The ZnO element sintered body obtained as described above was subjected to DC small current measurement, nonlinearity coefficient, limit voltage ratio measurement, AC power loss measurement, and discharge tolerance test. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Moreover, the correlation of the limiting voltage ratio with respect to the amount of Na in cobalt oxide and the correlation of the limiting voltage ratio with respect to the amount of Na in the granulated powder were investigated. The graphs showing the results are shown in FIGS.
[0030]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003631786
[0031]
The measurement conditions for each of these measurements are shown below.
[0032]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003631786
As shown in Table 2, the watt loss tends to decrease as the Na content decreases. Moreover, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the limiting voltage characteristics are improved by reducing the Na content in cobalt oxide and granulated powder.
[0033]
In particular, the amount of Na in cobalt oxide should be 2 (ppm) or more and about 300 (ppm) (where cobalt is a Co 2 O 3 equivalent) and the Na content in the granulated powder should be 41 (ppm) or more and 50 By setting it to (ppm) or less, it is possible to reduce the watt loss and improve the limit voltage ratio. Furthermore, as shown in Table 3, the discharge capability is slightly improved.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the various characteristics of the voltage nonlinear resistor manufactured by the source of the raw material are stabilized, and the voltage nonlinear resistor having excellent and uniform characteristics is stabilized. Since the amount of sodium in the voltage non-linear resistor is suppressed, the limiting voltage characteristic of the ZnO element is improved without increasing the power loss, and the protection performance of the lightning arrester is improved. It can have a margin in device design.
[0035]
Furthermore, the amount of absorbed energy in the discharge withstand test / specified current value can also be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the correlation between the amount of Na in cobalt oxide and the limiting voltage ratio.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the correlation between the amount of Na in the granulated powder and the limit voltage ratio.

Claims (1)

酸化亜鉛を主成分とし無機コバルト塩類を含む金属酸化物粉体を造粒し、これにより得られる造粒粉を成形、焼成する工程を有する電圧非直線抵抗体の製造方法において、
原料粉体として添加する前記無機コバルト塩類のN a 含有量は、コバルトをC o 2 3 に換算して 2 300(ppm) とし、且つ前記無機コバルト塩類以外の金属酸化物粉体を含んで造粒した造粒粉におけるN a 含有量を 41 50(ppm) としたことを特徴とする電圧非直線抵抗体の製造方法。
In the method for producing a voltage non-linear resistor having a step of granulating a metal oxide powder containing zinc oxide as a main component and containing an inorganic cobalt salt , molding and baking the granulated powder obtained thereby ,
N a content of the inorganic cobalt salts to be added as the raw material powders, in terms of cobalt to C o 2 O 3 and 2 ~ 300 (ppm), and includes a metal oxide powder other than the inorganic cobalt salts granulated N a content of 41-50 in granulated powder (ppm) and to a manufacturing method of the voltage nonlinear resistor, characterized in that the in.
JP27687194A 1994-11-11 1994-11-11 Method for manufacturing voltage nonlinear resistor Expired - Lifetime JP3631786B2 (en)

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JP3631786B2 true JP3631786B2 (en) 2005-03-23

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