JP3566654B2 - Sheet mat sealed pond and livestock manure processing method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an inexpensive and simple-structured sealed mat / pound which relies on passive use of solar energy, and a method for treating livestock manure using a processing / gasification technique using a sealed / mat sealed pond.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Dairy farming in Hokkaido has shifted from the tethered method to the free stall method with the increase in the number of dairy cattle bred.
For this reason, composting becomes difficult due to a decrease in litter, and excrement tends to be softened and discharged and stored in a fluid state (slurry) due to a change in feed supply, causing pollution of the local environment.
Under such circumstances, the "Law Concerning the Proper Management and Use of Livestock Excreta (Livestock Excretion Law)" was enacted in November 1999 as a response to the appropriate treatment of livestock manure. For five years until November, it was obliged to install roofing composters and take other measures to prevent runoff and pollution caused by rainfall.
Manure processing / management measures such as roofing and wall maintenance are required for compost and urine pools, but slurry treatment methods include storage methods such as slurry stores and lagoons. A biogas plant for methane fermentation of manure has been introduced from Europe and demonstration experiments have just begun.
However, biogas plants in particular have high equipment and maintenance costs, and it is difficult for general dairy farmers to introduce them with their own funds.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the present invention incorporates the principle of shallow solar pond, and uses a simple and inexpensive sheet mat sealed pound that relies on passive use of solar energy and a livestock manure using processing and gasification technology using the sheet mat sealed pound. It is intended to provide a processing method.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
For this purpose, the sheet mat sealed pound of the present invention comprises a larch shed made of transparent sheet and erected on a concrete foundation, an intersoil space protected from wind and rain by the larch shed, and an entire surface of the intersoil space. The laid heat insulating / ventilating mat, a flat plastic bag placed on the heat insulating / ventilating mat, and the plastic bag filled with fluid slurry excrement discharged from dairy cows. Things.
The livestock manure treatment method of the present invention comprises a transparent larch larch shed erected on a concrete foundation, an intersoil space protected from wind and rain by the larch shed, and heat insulation laid over the entire intersoil space. A sheet mat consisting of a ventilation mat and a flat plastic bag placed on the heat insulation / ventilation mat; in a sealed mat, a fluid slurry-like manure discharged from dairy cows is applied to the plastic bag. After being charged and stored in large quantities in the plastic bag, the manure slurry stored in the plastic bag was stored for a long time and subjected to anaerobic fermentation by solar energy.The generated methane gas was discharged from the gas outlet, and the compost was discharged from the compost outlet. From each of them.
[0005]
【Example】
First, the principle of Shallow Solar Pond (SSP) will be described.
There is a solar pond (solar pond) as a technology for practical use of solar energy. Generally, a solar pond is an artificial pond in which a large depression is filled with a large amount of salt water.
The upper layer is a concentration gradient layer in which the concentration of salt water increases with depth, and the lower layer is a heat storage layer of uniform concentration keeping its maximum concentration.
Solar radiation incident on the pound passes through the concentration gradient layer and reaches the heat storage layer, where it is absorbed by the bottom of the pound and the temperature of the heat storage layer rises.
At that time, the temperature difference of the heat storage layer is higher than expected because the density difference based on the concentration difference exceeds the decrease in density difference based on the temperature difference in the concentration gradient layer, and the convection is prevented and the heat loss from the surface is suppressed. And a large amount of heat can be stored.
[0006]
On the other hand, Shallow Solar Pond (SSP) has a plastic bag filled with fresh water placed on the ground with heat insulating material. The water depth is about 100 to 200 mm for a large surface area. It is.
The shallow solar pond supplies hot water at an intermediate temperature (40 to 60 ° C) as industrial process heat. The usage is as follows: When morning water is injected, the temperature rises due to solar heat during the day and hot water is discharged in the evening. This is a one-day cycle batch system that is drawn out to an insulated heat storage tank and used for hot water supply.
[0007]
A typical SSP module is a 5 m wide x 60 m long x 100 mm thick plastic bag filled with water.
As shown in FIG. 6, the water-containing plastic bag A is formed of a plastic having a transparent upper surface and a lower surface made of black plastic, and is placed on an insulating floor C of foam insulating material surrounded by a concrete curb B. The upper part is covered with a fiber-filled wavy transparent plastic plate E supported by a support rod D passed at 1.2 m intervals between the curbs B, B. Air is passed between the wavy transparent plastic plate E and the plastic bag A. A layer F is formed.
As described above, the shallow solar pond is a method in which a large flat bag is filled with water and hot water is obtained by solar heat in a natural state by receiving solar radiation or atmospheric heat, and is an example of so-called passive use of solar heat.
[0008]
This method is intended to be applied to the treatment of manure in the form of a fluid slurry discharged from dairy cows of the free stall type, and the present invention is hereinafter referred to as "sheet mat sealed pound".
Shallow solar pond is filled with cold water in the morning, heats up during the daytime sunlight, and is taken out as hot water in the evening.It is a usage of a one-day cycle, whereas the sheet mat sealed pound of the present invention is This is a method in which slurry-like manure discharged daily is carried into a plastic bag, stored in a large amount for a long time, and subjected to anaerobic fermentation by receiving solar energy.
[0009]
An embodiment of the sheet mat sealed pound of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, a sealed litter mat of the present invention comprises a larch shed 2 in which a larch thinning material erected on a concrete foundation 1 is assembled and the outer surface thereof is covered with a transparent sheet, 2 is composed of an interstitial space 3 protected from wind and rain, a large number of heat insulating / ventilating mats 4 laid on the entire surface of the interstitial space 3, and a flat plastic bag 5 placed on the heat insulating / ventilating mat 4. .
[0010]
As shown in FIG. 2, the larch shed 2 is constructed by constructing four surrounding concrete foundations 1 so as to have an appropriate area, and also equidistantly arranged central concrete foundations so as to support the roof ridge 6. 1 and a support metal 7 is fixed to each concrete foundation 1. The lower end of the larch thinned wood is fixed to the support metal 7, and the four surrounding concrete foundations 1 and side columns 8, auxiliary columns 9, The connection with the pillar 10 is performed, and the roof beam 11 and the sill 12 are also connected to the side pillar 8, the auxiliary pillar 9, and the main pillar 10 by the connecting bracket 13, and the larch shed 2 is assembled.
The outer surface of the larch shed 2 such as an assembled log cabin is covered with a transparent sheet to maintain a room temperature as a greenhouse structure.
[0011]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the heat insulating / ventilating mat 4 has a substantially flat shape, and a plurality of heat seals are provided in the longitudinal direction, and cylindrical storage portions 14 are arranged side by side. A granular material 15 such as a rubber chip or a plastic waste is filled and hermetically sealed, and a connecting tubular body 16 is extended so as not to overlap the opposing sides.
Therefore, the outer periphery of the heat insulating / ventilating mat 4 is laid in the interstitial space 3 surrounded by the concrete foundation 1 so that the connecting tubular bodies 16 on adjacent sides are not overlapped, and the connecting tubular body 16 is connected to the connecting tubular body 16 (shown in the figure). And the adjacent heat insulating / ventilating mats 4 can be connected and fixed to each other.
In addition, air can flow through the recess between the storage portions 14 and 14, and the plastic bag 5 can be warmed from the lower surface.
[0012]
The plastic bags 5, by volume 144m ³ of width 4.8 m × thickness 0.5 m × length 60 m, laying this on earth floor space 3 two units.
The thickness of the plastic bag 5 needs to be at least 500 mm.
As shown in FIG. 5, the both ends of the larch log shed 2 are the entrances and exits of the truck, the slurry hopper 17 is provided on one side, the compost outlet 18 is provided on the other side, and the compost outlet 18 is lower. A liquid fertilizer produced by anaerobic fermentation is collected at the compost take-out port 18 with a gentle inclination.
A gas outlet 19 is formed on the upper surface of the plastic bag 5 so that methane gas generated by anaerobic fermentation can be taken out by the action of solar energy.
[0013]
In the livestock manure treatment method of the present invention, one year is divided into four seasons, spring, summer, autumn and winter, and the manure slurry 20 discharged from dairy cows is charged and filled into the plastic bag 5 in the winter (12, January, February). Fermentation is hardly done.
In spring (March, April, May), the temperature rises, intensification of solar radiation and anaerobic fermentation starts, conversion to compost and generation of methane gas occur, and this reaction occurs in summer (June, July, August). It reaches the highest level, and the reaction subsides and converges in the fall (September, October and November).
The manure slurry 20 newly discharged every day is supplied and supplied from the slurry hopper 17, and the manure processing is continuously performed.
During this time, the liquid fertilizer 21 containing water from the anaerobic fermentation is withdrawn from the compost outlet 18 and the methane gas is withdrawn from the gas outlet 19 from time to time.
Aged compost is carried out by a tanker and sprayed on farmland, and methane gas is temporarily stored in a gas holder through a pipe and used for boiler fuel.
For the purpose of maintaining the reaction during the winter season (December, January, February) and preventing freezing, a part of the generated methane gas can be burned to heat or keep warm.
[0014]
【effect】
Seat mat sealed pounds of the present invention are generally dairy farmers of dairy cattle breeding 40 to 50 horses in the target, there is an ability that can be stored for 100 days the manure (2.4~3.0m ³⁾ to be discharged every day.
The livestock manure treatment method of the present invention carries in slurry manure discharged every day, puts it into a plastic bag, stores it in a large amount for a long time, receives solar energy and performs anaerobic fermentation, and the manure is matured. Methane gas, which becomes compost and is returned to farmland, is generated as a by-product and is used as fuel.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a sheet mat sealed pound manure processing apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the structure of a larch wood shed.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a structure of a heat insulating / ventilating mat.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the heat insulating / ventilating mat taken along line BB in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a conceptual side view of the sheet mat sealed pound manure processing apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a conventional shallow solar pond.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Concrete foundation 2 Larch wood shed 3 Soil space 4 Insulation / ventilation mat 5 Plastic bag 6 Building 7 Support bracket 8 Side pillar 9 Auxiliary pillar 10 Main pillar 11 Roof beam 12 Alignment 13 Connection bracket 14 Storage unit 15 Granular object 16 Connection Tubular body 17 Slurry hopper 18 Compost outlet 19 Gas outlet 20 Manure slurry 21 Liquid fertilizer

Claims (2)

A larch wood shed with a transparent sheet erected on a concrete foundation, a dirt space protected from wind and rain by the larch shed, a heat insulation / ventilation mat laid over the entire soil space, and the heat insulation / ventilation What is claimed is: 1. A sealed sealed sheet mat comprising: a flat plastic bag placed on a mat; and the plastic bag filled with fluid slurry excrement discharged from dairy cows . A larch wood shed with a transparent sheet erected on a concrete foundation, a dirt space protected from wind and rain by the larch shed, a heat insulation / ventilation mat laid over the entire soil space, and the heat insulation / ventilation In a sealed mat mat consisting of a flat plastic bag placed on a mat, a fluid slurry excreta discharged from a dairy cow is put into the plastic bag and stored in a large amount in the plastic bag. After that, the manure slurry stored in the plastic bag is stored for a long time and subjected to anaerobic fermentation by solar energy, and then the generated methane gas is extracted from the gas outlet, and the compost is extracted from the compost outlet. Manure processing method.

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