JP3555763B2 - 血管内移植用補綴材料及び血管内移植用補綴材料を備えた移植装置 - Google Patents

血管内移植用補綴材料及び血管内移植用補綴材料を備えた移植装置 Download PDF

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JP3555763B2
JP3555763B2 JP51647495A JP51647495A JP3555763B2 JP 3555763 B2 JP3555763 B2 JP 3555763B2 JP 51647495 A JP51647495 A JP 51647495A JP 51647495 A JP51647495 A JP 51647495A JP 3555763 B2 JP3555763 B2 JP 3555763B2
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フォルベルク,ディールク
ベー. ギュンター,ロルフ
シュミッツ−ローデ,トーマス
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/04Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Description

本発明は、分岐部上方の上流の大動脈に配置される本体と、本体に結合されると共に2つの下流の分岐した動脈の各々に前記分岐部を通って伸びるように構成されたほぼ管状の脚部とを有し、前記本体は、可撓性の微細孔で血液を透過しない移植可能な織物材料から製造されており、患者の大動脈組織の分岐部若しくはその近傍に配置される血管内移植用補綴材料(endovascular graft prosthesis)に関する。
特に、本発明は大動脈の分岐部の近傍の動脈瘤の治療に関する。しかし、その治療は上流の主動脈が二股に別れる動脈組織の他の部分にも適用される。
大動脈の分岐部に接近した大動脈の下方部分において、動脈瘤による大動脈の壁の危険な破裂を防止するために、このような大動脈瘤によって冒された血管の領域に移植用補綴材料を展開することは公知である。
大動脈瘤は大動脈壁の強度の低下の結果として発生し、それによって大動脈の冒された部分の直径は5cm以上まで増加する。このような拡張によって、その冒された領域に血液の不規則な流れと凝固した血液が溜まることが促進される。拡張が進むと、大動脈壁の他の部分の強度は自然に低下して、極端な場合には血管が破裂して激しく出血する危険性がある。
大動脈の移植用の従来技術の血管内補綴材料において、補綴材料を展開するために実際の血管部分を開くことが必要である。この目的のためにプラスティック材料の一体的なユニットとして形成された補綴材料を導入するために大動脈壁の一部が切開されそれを縫合することによって固定する。
特許第EP−A−0508473号及び特許第EP−A−0539237号から大動脈の分岐部分で、またはその近傍で大動脈の治療に透視法的に(transluminaly)移植される二股に別れた移植用補綴材料は知られている。双方の場合において、二股に別れた補綴材料は、本体と二股の本体を結合する2つの管状脚部を有する一体のユニットとして製造される。この構成によって、移植手術は比較的に複雑になる。なぜならば、グラフトが大動脈の分岐部の近傍に配置されるまで一方の脚部を折り曲げた状態で一方の腸骨動脈を通して一体的なユニットを導入しなければならないからであり、その次に補綴材料の最も近位部分を実際の動脈部分の上流に固定し、折れ曲がった余分の脚部を他の腸骨動脈に引き込まなければならないからである。
本発明の目的は、上述した解決法よりも著しく簡単な移植手術によって、大動脈の分岐部において透視法(transluminal)移植するための、上述した種類の血管内移植用補綴材料を提供することである。
これを達成するために、本体は開放した近位上流端と、2つの出口開口部が形成された遠位下流底部領域とを有するほぼバッグ形状をなし、この本体は半径方向に拡張可能であり、固定装置によって半径方向に拡張した状態で分岐部の上流の前記上流大動脈の内側に取付可能であり、前記脚部は収縮した状態で前記分岐大動脈を通って前記出口開口部に導入することができるようになっている別の弾性的で半径方向に拡張可能な脚部ステント装置として形成され、前記ステント装置の各々は漏れのない分岐移植用補綴材料を形成するために半径方向に拡張した状態で対応する出口開口部の縁部に係合可能となっている。
5mmまでの直径の貫通穴で動脈組織に次々に導入される多数の部材から補綴材料を製造することによって、部品は実際の血管部分で展開した後に血管内で完全な補綴材料に組み立てることができる。それによって本発明による補綴材料は、腸骨動脈に伸びている動脈瘤の治療にも適用することができる。
さらに本発明は、患者の動脈組織及び関連する分岐大動脈の分岐部若しくはその近傍で展開する血管内移植用補綴材料を移植するための装置に関する。
この移植装置は、上記血管内移植用補綴材料を備えると共に、第1のガイドワイヤを更に備え、この第1のガイドワイヤは、前記本体を、第1の分岐大動脈を通して上流方向に上流大動脈内へ導入し、分岐部の上方の上流大動脈領域内へ延ばすのに使用するため、および、選択的に、当該ガイドワイヤを取り除く前に、当該ガイドワイヤの各端部を通じてカテーテルを各分岐大動脈を通して導入するのに使用するためのガイドワイヤであることを特徴とする。
本発明によるこの装置を用いた移植は、例えば、半径方向の拡張可能でほぼバッグ形状の独立した本体であって関連した固定装置を有する開放した近位上流端と2つの出口開口部が形成された遠位下流底部領域とを有する本体を、第1のガイドワイヤによって上流方向に第1の分岐大動脈を通して上流の大動脈に導入して分岐部上のその領域で拡張させる段階と、前記本体を前記上流の大動脈内で拡張させ、その近位端を前記上流の大動脈の壁面に付着させる段階と、半径方向に拡張可能な脚部ステント装置を、他のガイドワイヤによって、各分岐大動脈を通して前記各出口開口部に導入する段階とで行われる。
この方法によって、血液を通さない微細多孔性材料から成る本体は、腸骨動脈の穴から大動脈にガイドワイヤによって案内され、血液流の方向に関して本体の遠位底部領域の下流の向きに展開される。それによって、ガイドワイヤはバッグ形状の本体の出口開口部の一方または双方に同軸的に配置される。2つの出口開口部の存在にも関わらず、本体は底部領域の血液の流れによって十分に拡張される。この状態において、本体は、通常、自己拡張可能な金属ステントである半径方向に拡張可能なステント装置によって分岐部の上流の大動脈の内壁に固定される。2つの出口開口部を通り、ステント装置の内腔を通るガイドワイヤを連続して導入した後に、脚部ステント装置は、少なくとも本体の底部領域と腸骨動脈の結合点との間の距離を通って伸びている。補綴材料の分離成分を形成する脚部ステント装置は、その長さ全体にわたって弾性カバーを有し、また半径方向に拡張可能である。
自己拡張可能な金属ステントである2つの脚部ステント装置の導入は、従来のカテーテル技術の使用によって行われ、それによってガイドワイヤ及びカテーテルは、一方の出口開口部を通り他方の出口開口部を通って反対側の腸骨動脈に案内され、そこから血管を介して皮膚まで従来の方法で案内される。出口開口部を通って伸びる曲がったガイドワイヤを引くことによって、本体の位置を修正する。次に、2つのカテーテルがガイドワイヤを通じて出口開口部に導入され、ガイドワイヤは2つのカテーテルを再配置するべく、同軸的に2つのガイドワイヤの導入を行うことができるように、2つのそけい部から配置されている。次に織物材料によってカバーされた2つの脚部ステントが、2つのステント装置に同時に作用することができるように位置決めされたガイドワイヤを通じて導入される。
2つの脚部ステントは、膨張した状態で、出口開口部の縁部を押圧して、大動脈に固定された分岐部で漏れのない血管内補綴材料としての本体を完成させる。
好ましくは、ステント装置は、本体の近位上流端と重なり合う遠位下流端でバッグ形状の本体に取り付けられている。
本発明の他の実施例によれば、補綴材料の血管内の展開は、主ステント装置及び脚部ステント装置が自己拡張可能な金属ステントによってそれ自身公知の方法で形成されるならば、かなり容易になる。
本発明の他の実施例によれば、各出口開口部の縁部は下流の方向に広がっていることを特徴とする
この構成によって、バッグ形状の本体の底部領域の内側に接近した各出口に半径方向内側に突出した開口縁部が形成され、この縁部に対して脚部ステントの外側が緊密に係合し、それによって漏れに対する安全性が増大する。
さらに本発明の実施例によれば、各脚部ステントの最大外径は各出口開口部の縁部の最小直径より2〜4mm大きい。
それによって部材は、この目的のために付加的な装置を必要とすることなく十分に安定して漏れのない方法で接続される。
本発明を概略図で示した実施例を参照して、さらに説明する。
第1図は、大動脈瘤内で拡張状態に展開された本発明による補綴材料のバッグ形状の本体である。
第2図は、第1図の本体に2つのガイドワイヤを導入する状態を示す。
第3図は、分岐部を有する補綴材料に2つの脚部ステントを挿入して完成された状態の本体を示す。
本発明の適用例として第1図乃至第3図は、動脈組織1を概略的に示し、この組織において、腎臓に行く2つの分岐した動脈3,4の間に伸びる大動脈の腹部部分がバルーン形状の大動脈瘤7によって損傷を受けている。
第1図に示すように、血液が透過しない微細孔の織物材料から製造され、底部領域に2つの出口開口部9,10が形成されているバッグ形状の本体がまず大動脈2の動脈瘤の領域に導入される。本体8は自己拡張可能な金属ステント11を備えており、ガイドワイヤ12上を腸骨動脈5を通して導入され、金属ステント11が動脈瘤7上の大動脈2の内側に対して少なくとも本体8の上の縁部を押すように大動脈2で展開する。本体8の底部領域において、ガイドワイヤ12は、第1図の破線に示すように、出口開口部10及び他の腸骨動脈6を通ってそれを外側に案内できるように曲がることができる。それによって、図示しないカテーテルは、本体8が血液流の作用によって拡張するまでガイドワイヤ12の各自由端を通じて導入される。ガイドワイヤ12が除去された後に、1本のガイドワイヤ13,14が各カテーテルを通して導入され、第2図に示すような展開の準備を終える。
弾性カバーを有する自己拡張可能な金属ステントが、各ガイドワイヤ13,14を通じて、従来の方法で導入される。第3図に示すように、各金属ステント15,16の近位端部分は、本体8の内側に突出するのに対して、各金属ステント15,16の遠位端は腸骨動脈5,6内に比較的に深く突出する。
第3図に示す拡張状態において、金属ステント15,16は、出口開口部9及び10の各々の領域で収縮してそれによって本体8にしっかりと緊密に接続される。それによって、本体8は脚部ステント15及び16と共に大動脈瘤7上に重なる血管内大動脈補綴材料を形成し、比較的簡単な経皮的な手術によって移植可能になる。

Claims (8)

  1. 患者の大動脈組織の分岐部若しくはその近傍に配置される血管内移植用補綴材料であって、前記分岐部の上方の上流動脈に配置されるほぼ管状の本体と、この本体に結合されると共に2つの下流の分岐大動脈の各々に前記分岐部を通って伸びるように構成されたほぼ管状の脚部とを備え、前記本体は、可撓性の微細孔で血液を透過しない移植可能な織物材料から製造された血管内移植用補綴材料において、
    前記本体(8)は開放した近位上流端と、2つの出口開口部(9,10)が形成された遠位下流底部領域とを有するほぼバッグ形状をなし、この本体は半径方向に拡張可能であり、かつ固定装置(11)によって半径方向に拡張した状態で分岐部の上流の前記上流大動脈(2)の内側に取付可能であり、
    前記脚部は、収縮した状態で前記分岐大動脈を通って前記出口開口部(9,10)に導入することができるようになった別の弾性的で半径方向に拡張可能な脚部ステント装置(15,16)として形成され、
    各ステント装置(15,16)は、漏れのない分岐移植用補綴材料を形成するために、半径方向に拡張した状態で対応する出口開口部の縁部に係合可能であることを特徴とする血管内移植用補綴材料。
  2. 前記固定装置は、主ステント装置(11)を有し、この主ステント装置(11)は、本体(8)の近位上流端と重なり合う遠位下流端で前記バッグ形状の本体(8)に取り付けられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の血管内移植用補綴材料。
  3. 前記主ステント装置(11)及び脚部ステント装置(15,16)は拡張可能な金属ステントによって形成されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の血管内移植用補綴材料。
  4. 各出口開ロ部(9,10)の縁部は下流方向に広がっていることを特徴とする請求項1,2または3に記載の血管内移植用補綴材料。
  5. 各脚部ステント(15,16)の最大外径は各出口開口部(9,10)の縁部の最小直径より2〜4mm大きいことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の血管内移植用補綴材料。
  6. 請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の血管内移植用補綴材料を備えた移植装置であって、第1のガイドワイヤ(12)を更に備え、
    この第1のガイドワイヤは、前記本体(8)を、第1の分岐大動脈(5)を通して上流方向に上流大動脈内へ導入し、分岐部の上方の上流大動脈領域内へ伸ばすのに使用するため、および、選択的に、当該ガイドワイヤを取り除く前に、当該ガイドワイヤの各端部を通じてカテーテルを各分岐大動脈を通して導入するのに使用するためのガイドワイヤである、ことを特徴とする移植装置。
  7. 前記第1のガイドワイヤ(12)を取り除く前に当該ガイドワイヤの各端部を通じて各分岐大動脈を通して導入するため、および、それに続いて脚部ステント装置(15,16)の導入に使用するための他のガイドワイヤの導入に使用するためのカテーテルを更に備えた、ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の移植装置。
  8. 脚部ステント装置(15,16)の導入に使用するためのガイドワイヤ(13,14)を更に備えた、ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の移植装置。
JP51647495A 1993-12-15 1994-12-15 血管内移植用補綴材料及び血管内移植用補綴材料を備えた移植装置 Expired - Fee Related JP3555763B2 (ja)

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PCT/DK1994/000468 WO1995016406A1 (en) 1993-12-15 1994-12-15 An endovascular graft prosthesis and an implantation method for such a prosthesis

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EP0734235A1 (en) 1996-10-02
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US5562724A (en) 1996-10-08
DE69416604D1 (de) 1999-03-25
CZ172896A3 (en) 1997-06-11
AU678331B2 (en) 1997-05-22
EP0734235B1 (en) 1999-02-17
CZ284329B6 (cs) 1998-10-14
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AU1271995A (en) 1995-07-03
DE9319267U1 (de) 1994-02-24

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