JP3536678B2 - Oil seal press fitting device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an oil seal press-fitting device suitable for press-fitting an oil seal into, for example, a housing constituting a differential of an automobile.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A differential mounted on a drive shaft of an automobile or the like includes a housing 1 and a differential carrier 2 as shown in FIG. Axle tubes 3 are provided on both sides of the housing 1. A plurality of bolts 5 are provided at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction around an opening 4 formed in the center of the housing 1. These bolts 5 project from the end face of the housing 1.

[0003] Oil seals 7 are inserted into openings 1a at both ends of the housing 1, respectively. As shown in FIG. 15, the oil seal 7 is press-fitted to a position where it contacts the oil seal receiving portion 1c inside the opening 1a. Conventionally, in order to press-fit the oil seal 7 into the opening 1a, the oil seal 7 is fitted into a press-fitting jig, and an operator hits the press-fitting jig with a hammer. Was pressed into the opening 1a.

[0004]

For this reason, in the conventional press-fitting operation, there is a problem that the press-in quality of the oil seal 7 may be affected by the skill and individual differences of workers, and the press-in quality is difficult to stabilize. Was. Conventionally, the oil seals 7 are press-fitted one by one from one side of the opening 1a at both ends of the housing 1, so that two press-fitting operations are required for one housing 1, which not only results in poor work efficiency, but also The other end of the housing 1 requires a support structure for receiving a press-fit load (reaction force).

Therefore, the present inventors have proposed an oil seal press-fitting device for automating the operation of press-fitting an oil seal. The press-fitting device includes a press-fitting fitting for holding an oil seal, a press-fitting actuator for inserting the press-fitting fitting toward the opening 1a of the housing 1, and the like. In order to automate the press-fitting operation of the oil seal by such a device, it is necessary to detect whether or not the oil seal is securely held by the press-fitting fitting.

[0006] From such a demand, a through hole is formed in the oil seal fitting portion provided at the tip of the press fitting so as to penetrate in a radial direction of the press fitting, and a light beam in a direction passing through the through hole is emitted from the light emitting device. At the same time, an optical oil seal detector has been conceived in which a light beam passing through this through hole is received by a light receiver. However, oils and fats such as grease adhering to the oil seal clog the through-hole, so that the light beam is blocked, and the presence or absence of the oil seal may not be accurately detected.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to automate the operation of press-fitting oil seals into both ends of a work,
An object of the present invention is to provide an oil seal press-fitting device capable of accurately detecting the presence or absence of an oil seal.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems] oil seal press fitting apparatus of the present invention to fulfill the above object is inserted the oil seal
Opposed to openings at both ends of workpiece to be mounted and synchronized with each other
And a pair of press-fitting
Detachable to the tutor and the press-fitting actuator
The oil seal attached and attached with oil and fat is fitted
Press fitting having an oil seal fitting portion to be
Has a through hole formed in the radial direction of the oil seal fitting part
And a light-transmitting transparent member inserted into the through-hole.
Press-fitting fitting, and detached from the press-fitting actuator
A stocker for holding the pressed-in metal fitting,
Remove the press fitting from the locker with a predetermined oil seal
Move the oil seal to the holding section and
Fit the press fitting and move the press fitting from the vertical position
The press-fitting actuator is changed to
And a loader to be mounted on the press fitting.
A light emitter that emits light in a direction passing through the through hole
And a light receiver for receiving the light beam transmitted through the transparent member
And an oil seal when the light receiver receives the light beam.
Control means for determining that there is no file. In this oil seal press-fitting device, a work such as a housing into which the oil seal is to be inserted and the oil seal are conveyed to the oil seal press-fitting device while being mounted on a pallet or the like. In this oil seal press fitting device, the loader picks up the press fitting held by the stocker. After the loader holds the press fitting, the loader moves the press fitting to the holding portion of the oil seal, and the oil seal is held by the press fitting.

After that, when the posture of the loader is switched, the press fitting and the oil seal are in a horizontal posture,
Further, the press fitting is moved to the press fitting actuator, and the press fitting is transferred to the press fitting actuator. Then, after the loader is retracted, the respective press-fitting actuators move toward each other, that is, toward the openings at both ends of the work, so that the pair of left and right oil seals are pressed into the openings at both ends of the work substantially simultaneously.

Further, in a state in which the press-fitting is held in press-fitting the actuator, it emitted light from the light emitter toward the through hole of the oil seal fitting portion receiving light transmitted through the transparent member by the light receiver When it is done, it is determined that there is no oil seal. Since a transparent member is inserted into the through hole of the press fitting, grease or the like adhering to the oil seal does not block the through hole.

[0011]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG.
An oil seal press-fitting device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. This oil seal press fitting device 10
Is for automating the operation of press-fitting the oil seals 7 into the openings 1a at both ends of the differential housing 1 (shown in FIG. 14) as an example of the work. There are a plurality of types of the oil seal 7 according to the type of the housing 1.

As shown in FIG. 1, an oil seal press-fitting device 1
Numeral 0 denotes a pair of left and right press-fitting actuators 11, a press-fitting fitting 15 detachably mounted on the operating portion 12 functioning as a movable part of each actuator 11, and a plurality of pairs of press-fitting fittings corresponding to the type of the oil seal 7. The stocker 16 includes a stocker 16 capable of holding the press-fit 15, a pair of right and left loaders 17 for moving the press-fitting fitting 15 in accordance with a press-fitting process described later, a lifter 18 for raising and lowering the housing 1 to a predetermined position, and the like.

As shown in FIG. 10 and the like, the press fitting 15 includes a hollow cylindrical body 20, an oil seal fitting portion 21 provided at the tip of the body 20, and a flange portion 22 provided at the base of the body 20. And a sleeve 23 which is movable in the axial direction of the body 20. The flange portion 22 is configured to be attachable to and detachable from a mounting surface 12a (partially shown in FIG. 10) of the operating portion 12 of the press-fitting actuator 11 using a magnet or the like. A key groove 24 is formed in a part of the flange portion 22, and the key groove 24 is fitted to the pin 25 on the mounting surface 12 a side, whereby the press-fitting bracket 15 is positioned in the circumferential direction with respect to the press-fitting actuator 11. I am trying to.

The oil seal fitting portion 21 of the press fitting 15
Has a shape that allows the oil seal 7 to be fitted in the axial direction of the press fitting 15 so as to be insertable and removable. Press fitting 15
A V-groove-shaped engaging portion 26 having a shape capable of engaging a chuck 50 described later is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the sleeve 23. The sleeve 23 is urged toward the oil seal fitting portion 21 by the elastic force of the spring 27.

The distal end surface 23 of the sleeve 23 of the press fitting 15
“a” has a tapered shape in which the outer diameter on the distal end side is reduced so as to be able to contact the inner peripheral edge 1 d of the opening 1 a of the housing 1. As shown in FIG. 11, the front end surface 23 a of the sleeve 23 is brought into contact with the inner peripheral edge 1 d of the opening 1 a of the housing 1 so that the press fitting 1 is inserted into the opening 1 a.
5 is centered.

A pair of left and right stockers 16 (FIG. 1) for storing a plurality of pairs of press fittings 15 according to the type of the oil seal 7.
And shown in FIG. 2) extend in the horizontal direction, and a plurality of notches 28 (shown in FIG. 2) each having a shape capable of holding the press-fitting fitting 15 in each stocker 16 are formed at a predetermined pitch in the horizontal direction. I have. The notches 28, which are symmetrical with respect to the center of the press-fitting device 10, hold the same type of press-fittings 15 that are paired with each other. These press fittings 15 are placed on the upper surface side of the notch 28 by placing the end surface of the sleeve 23 of the press fitting 15 on the upper surface side.
The axis of the press fitting 15 is held in a vertically standing posture, and can be inserted into and removed from the cutout portion 28 in that posture.

The pair of left and right press-fitting actuators 11
A fluid cylinder mechanism that reciprocates linearly like a hydraulic cylinder is suitable. These press-fitting actuators 11
The operating portions 12, which are movable portions located on the front end side of the housing 1, oppose each other. It is configured. Each of the press-fitting actuators 11 is
2 are configured so as to be able to move toward the both end openings 1a of the housing 1 in synchronization with each other.

The pair of right and left loaders 17 are symmetrical with respect to each other and have substantially the same configuration. Therefore, the following description will be given on behalf of one loader 17 shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 3, the loader 17 includes a carriage 32 provided on a frame 31 of the oil seal press-fitting device 10 and a linear moving type for moving the carriage 32 in the left-right direction (horizontal direction indicated by arrow J in FIG. 1). A lateral feed mechanism 33 using an electric actuator or the like; a forward / reverse feed mechanism 34 using a linearly movable electric actuator or the like for moving the carriage 32 in the front-rear direction (the direction indicated by the arrow K in FIG. 3); Loader body 3 provided below 32
5 and the like. The loader main body 35 is vertically movable along a guide member 36 extending in the vertical direction, and is moved vertically (in a direction indicated by an arrow M in FIG. 3) by an elevation drive mechanism 37 equipped with an actuator such as a fluid cylinder. It can be moved.

As shown in FIG. 3 and the like, the loader main body 35 has a mounting surface 40 which faces obliquely downward at an angle of 45 ° with respect to a vertical line and which is inclined at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the housing 1. A rotary base 41 rotatable around the rotation axis X along the mounting surface 40, a rotary actuator 42 as a rotation means capable of reciprocating the rotation base 41 about the rotation axis X in an angle range of 90 °; , A chuck unit 43 provided on the rotating base 41 and the like.

The chuck unit 43 includes a chuck 50 using a so-called parallel chuck that can be driven in the opening and closing directions, and an opening / closing actuator 51 such as an air cylinder that drives the chuck 50 to open and close, as shown in FIG. When the chuck 50 is closed by the actuator 51, the engaging portion 26 of the press fitting 15 is sandwiched from both sides.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, when the loader body 35 is rotated by the rotary actuator 42 in the direction of the arrow R1 to the first position where the chuck 50 is in the horizontal position, the chuck 50 is held by the chuck 50. The press fitting 15 is in a vertically standing posture. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, when the loader main body 35 is rotated by 90 ° to the second position where the chuck 50 faces downward, the press fitting 15 held by the chuck 50 moves sideways (horizontally). Will be turned.

The pallet 60 shown in FIG.
And an oil seal 7 are mounted. This pallet 60
It is conveyed along the assembly line in the factory by a conveying means such as a conveyor, and is conveyed to a predetermined position (press-fitting stage) of the oil seal press-fitting device 10.

The pallet 60 has a plurality of small holes 6 vertically penetrating around a circular hole 61 formed at the center thereof.
Two. The housing 1 is placed on the pallet 60 with the opening 4 of the housing 1 facing downward, and the bolts 5 protruding from the lower surface of the housing 1 are inserted into the small holes 62. The position is regulated. An identification unit 63 such as an ID card that records data for identifying the type of the housing 1 and the type of the oil seal 7 is provided on a part of the pallet 60.

The pallet 60 is provided with an oil seal holding portion 64 for holding the pair of oil seals 7. The oil seal holding portion 64 is formed in a shape such that each oil seal 7 can be held at a predetermined position even if the type of the oil seal 7 changes.

A pallet positioning hole 65 is formed at a predetermined position on the pallet 60. A positioning pin (not shown) on the press-fitting device 10 side is inserted into the positioning hole 65.
, The position of the pallet 60 with respect to the press-fitting device 10 is regulated, and accordingly, the position of the housing 1 is also regulated.

As shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, a through-hole 70 is formed in the oil seal fitting portion 21 of the press-fitting member 15 so as to cross the press-in fitting 15 in the radial direction. This through hole 7
A transparent member 71 made of an optically transparent (light-transmitting) acrylic resin or the like is inserted into the lens unit 0. As shown in FIG. 2, the oil seal press-fitting device 10 includes an optical oil seal detector 75. Oil seal detector 7
5 is a light emitting device 76 for emitting a light beam B in a direction passing through the through hole 70 of the oil seal fitting portion 21;
6 includes a light receiver 77 for receiving the light beam B emitted from the transparent member 71 and having passed through the transparent member 71.

The press fitting 15 is provided with the keyway 24 described above.
By fitting the pin 25 and the through hole 70, the through hole 70 and the transparent member 71 are positioned in a posture along the emission direction (for example, horizontal direction) of the light beam B. Can be directed to the transparent member 71.

The light receiver 77 is provided with a control operation unit 78 using a microcomputer or the like for judging that the oil seal 7 does not exist when the light beam B is received. The control calculation unit 78 also has a function of controlling the operation of the press-fitting actuator 11, the loader 17, the lifter 18, and the like along the press-fitting process described below. The through-hole 70, the transparent member 71, the light emitting device 76, the light receiving device 77, the control operation unit 78, and the like of the press fitting 15 constitute an oil seal detecting unit.

Next, a process of press-fitting the oil seal 7 using the oil seal press-fitting device 10 of the above embodiment will be described with reference to a flowchart shown in FIG. Prior to the step of press-fitting the oil seal 7, the housing 1 and a pair of left and right oil seals 7 according to the type of the housing 1 are mounted on the pallet 60 as shown in FIG. 9. .

First, in the work carrying-in step S1, the pallet 60 on which the housing 1 and the oil seal 7 are mounted is carried in to a predetermined position (press-fitting stage) of the oil seal press-fitting device 10. By positioning the pallet 60, the housing 1 is positioned with respect to the oil seal press-fitting device 10. In addition, the type of the housing 1 and the type of the oil seal 7 are identified by a sensor (not shown) reading the data of the identification unit 63 of the pallet 60.

Thereafter, in the press fitting receiving step S2, the pair of right and left loaders 17 respectively take out the press fitting 15 corresponding to the type of the oil seal 7 to the stocker 16. That is, as the loader main body 35 is raised by the lifting / lowering drive mechanism 37, the rotary actuator 42 is rotated in the direction of the arrow R1 so that the chuck 50 is directed sideways as shown in FIGS. Chuck 50 opens.

In this state, the chuck unit 43 is moved to the position shown in FIG.
As shown by the two-dot chain line F1, the chuck 50 is raised to the height of the press fitting 15 of the stocker 16, and the chuck 50 is advanced by the front-rear feed mechanism 34 toward the engaging portion 26 of the press fitting 15, and then the chuck 50 is closed. Thus, the press fittings 15 are held by the loaders 17 respectively.

Next, in the oil seal receiving step S3, the horizontal feed mechanism 33 and the forward / reverse feed mechanism 34 of each loader 17 are provided.
As a result, the chuck 50 of the loader body 35 is
It moves right above the 0 oil seal holding portion 64. Then, the loader main body 35 is lowered by the lifting drive mechanism 37, and the press fitting 1 is inserted into the oil seal 7 on the oil seal holding portion 64.
By inserting 5, the oil seal 7 is fitted and held in the oil seal fitting portion 21 of the press fitting 15, and the loader body 35 rises again.

After that, in the press fitting fitting transfer step S4,
The press-fitting fitting 15 is moved to a position directly in front of the operating section 12 of the press-fitting actuator 11 by the lateral feed mechanism 33 and the front-rear feed mechanism 34. During the movement, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the chuck unit 43 is rotated 90 ° in the direction of the arrow R2 about the pivot axis X by the rotary actuator 42, so that the press fitting 15 is tilted sideways. (A state shown by a two-dot chain line F2 in FIG. 3). The chuck unit 43 is moved toward the operating unit 12 of the press-fitting actuator 11 in the horizontal posture, so that the press-fitting fitting 15 is mounted on the operating unit 12 of the press-fitting actuator 11.

Thereafter, in an oil seal detecting step S5, the presence or absence of the oil seal 7 is detected. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the light beam B emitted from the light emitter 76 goes to the through hole 70 of the press fitting 15. At this time, press fitting 1
If the oil seal 7 exists in 5, the light beam B is blocked by the oil seal 7 and does not reach the light receiver 77. If the oil seal 7 does not exist in the press fitting 15,
The light beam B emitted from the light emitter 76 passes through the transparent member 71 and is received by the light receiver 77.

When the light receiver 77 receives the light beam B, the control calculation section 78 determines that there is no oil seal, and issues a command to temporarily stop the oil seal press-fitting device 10, and the like. Wait for appropriate action. Press fitting 1
If it is confirmed that the oil seal 7 is present in 5, the process proceeds to a later-described loader retreating step S6.

The oil seal fitting portion 2 of the press fitting 15
Since a transparent member 71 having a light-transmitting property is provided in one through hole 70, grease or the like adhering to the oil seal 7 accumulates inside the through hole 70 and the through hole 70.
The problem caused by blocking the space is avoided. Therefore, the presence or absence of the oil seal 7 can be reliably detected.

After a signal indicating that an oil seal is present is output from the control operation section 78 in the oil seal detecting step S5, the loader body 35 is retracted to a position where it does not hinder press-fitting in a loader retracting step S6. Then, in the lift-up step S7, the height of the housing 1 is raised by the lifter 18 (FIGS. 1 and 3) so that the center position of the housing 1 is at the same height as the center of the press-fitting actuator 11.
), And the housing 1 and the press-fitting actuator 11 are centered.

Thereafter, in the press-fitting step S8, the respective press-fitting actuators 11 move in the direction approaching each other, so that the press-fitting fittings 15 held by the respective press-fitting actuators 11 together with the oil seals 7 open the both ends of the housing 1 at the opening. 1a at the same time.

At the time of this press fitting, the sleeve 2 of the press fitting 15 is
The tapered tip surface 23a (shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11) of FIG. 3 comes into contact with the inner peripheral edge 1d of the opening 1a of the housing 1, so that the press fitting 15 and the opening 1a are centered. The metal fitting 15 is inserted into the opening 1a. Therefore, the oil seal 7 is press-fitted straight into the opening 1a, and the press-fit load can be evenly applied over the entire circumference of the oil seal 7. In this manner, the pair of left and right oil seals 7 are pressed into the openings 1a at both ends of the housing 1 almost at the same time, so that both press-fitting reaction forces cancel each other.

After the press-fitting of the oil seal 7 is completed, the press-fitting actuator 11 returns to the position before the press-fitting. Also at this time, the light beam B is emitted from the light emitting device 76 toward the transparent member 71 of the press fitting 15, and the light receiver 77 emits the light beam B.
Is detected, whether or not the oil seal 7 remains in the oil seal fitting portion 21 of the press fitting 15 is detected. When it is detected that the oil seal 7 remains in the oil seal fitting portion 21, a signal notifying the operator of the press-fitting failure is output by the control calculation unit 78, and appropriate measures are taken. .

After the press-fitting of the oil seal 7 is normally performed, in the return step S9, the chuck 5 of the loader 17 is
When the pressure is 0, the press fitting 15 is detached from the press-fitting actuator 11, and the press fitting 15 is returned to the stocker 16. The lifter 18 also descends to the height before press fitting. Then, in the work unloading step S10, the housing 1 is unloaded together with the pallet 60 toward the next step.

Thereafter, the new housing 1 and the oil seal 7 before press-fitting are carried into the oil seal press-fitting device 10 on a pallet 60, and the press-fitting fitting 15 corresponding to the oil seal 7 is taken into the stocker 16 by the loader 17. Then, the above-described oil seal press-fitting process is repeated.

[0044]

According to the oil seal press-fitting device described in the first aspect, a predetermined oil seal can be reliably press-fitted into both ends of the work, and the oil seal press-fitting operation can be completely automated. Then, since a press-fitting load is applied simultaneously from both ends of the work by a pair of press-fitting actuators, the press-fitting reaction force can be offset, and a structure for receiving the reaction force is not particularly required. Can be given. In addition, if a plurality of types of press fittings corresponding to the oil seals are stored in the stocker, the loader can collect the press fittings corresponding to the type of the oil seal, so that it is possible to easily cope with a change in the work. .

Further, it is possible to prevent the grease or the like is clogged transmural <br/> hole of the oil seal fitting portion of the press-fitting, optical oil with feasible photoelectric switch or the like at a low cost The presence or absence of the oil seal can be reliably detected by the seal detecting means. For this reason, it is more effective in realizing complete automation of the oil seal press-fitting operation.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of an oil seal press-fitting device showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the oil seal press-fitting device shown in FIG.

3 is a side view of a part of the oil seal press-fitting device shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a side view of a part of the loader of the oil seal press-fitting device shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a part of the loader shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a side view showing a state where the chuck unit of the loader shown in FIG. 4 is rotated by 90 °;

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a state where the chuck unit of the loader shown in FIG. 4 is rotated by 90 °;

FIG. 8 is a plan view of a pallet used in the oil seal press-fitting device shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the work mounted on the pallet shown in FIG. 8;

10 is a cross-sectional view of a part of a work and a press fitting of the oil seal press fitting device shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing an operation mode of the press fitting shown in FIG. 10;

12 is a front view of the press fitting shown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a press-fitting process by the oil seal press-fitting device shown in FIG.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a housing for a differential machine.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view of a part of the housing and an oil seal shown in FIG. 14;

[Explanation of symbols]

1. Housing (work) 1a ... opening 7 ... Oil seal 10 ... Oil seal press-fitting device 11 ... Press-fitting actuator 15 ... Press fitting 16 ... Stocker 17 ... Loader 64: Oil seal holding part 70 ... Through-hole 71 ... Transparent member 76 ... Light emitter 77 ... Receiver 78: control operation unit (control means)

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-2-139141 (JP, A) JP-A-4-210333 (JP, A) JP-A-63-306842 (JP, A) JP-A-63-306 22228 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B23P 19/00-21/00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A pair of press-fitting actuators which are opposed to openings at both ends of a work into which an oil seal is to be inserted, and which are movable toward the respective openings in synchronization with each other, and detachable from the press-fitting actuator. Mounted on and oil
An oil seal for fitting the oil seal to which grease has adhered.
A press-fitting fitting having an oil seal fitting.
It has a through hole formed in the radial direction of the joint and
A press fitting having a light-transmitting transparent member inserted into the through hole; a stocker holding the press fitting removed from the press-fitting actuator; and a predetermined oil seal holding the press fitting removed from the stocker. Part, the oil seal is fitted to the press fitting, and the press fitting is in a vertical position.
A loader to be mounted on the press-fitting actuator by changing the posture from a force to a laterally inclined posture, and passing through the through-hole of the press-fitting fitting positioned.
A light emitter for emitting a light beam in a direction, a light receiver for receiving the light beam transmitted through the transparent member, and an oil seal when the light receiver receives the light beam.
Oil seal press-fitting apparatus, wherein the control means determines that the teeth, by comprising a.