JP3354793B2 - Cell of cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell - Google Patents

Cell of cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell

Info

Publication number
JP3354793B2
JP3354793B2 JP15778496A JP15778496A JP3354793B2 JP 3354793 B2 JP3354793 B2 JP 3354793B2 JP 15778496 A JP15778496 A JP 15778496A JP 15778496 A JP15778496 A JP 15778496A JP 3354793 B2 JP3354793 B2 JP 3354793B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
cell
base tube
solid electrolyte
fuel cell
cylindrical solid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP15778496A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH1012253A (en
Inventor
勉 橋本
晃弘 山下
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd filed Critical Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority to JP15778496A priority Critical patent/JP3354793B2/en
Publication of JPH1012253A publication Critical patent/JPH1012253A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3354793B2 publication Critical patent/JP3354793B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/1231Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/1213Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
    • H01M8/1226Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material characterised by the supporting layer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、円筒型固体電解質
燃料電池のセルに関する。
The present invention relates to relates to a cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell of the cell.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】固体電解質燃料電池は、酸素イオン導電
性固体電解質を空気極と燃料極とで挟んだセルを800
〜1000℃に昇温し、空気極側に空気を送給する一
方、燃料極側に燃料ガスを送給して、当該セルで電気化
学反応を生じさせることにより、電力が得られるように
なっている。
2. Description of the Related Art A solid electrolyte fuel cell comprises 800 cells each having an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte sandwiched between an air electrode and a fuel electrode.
By raising the temperature to about 1000 ° C. and supplying air to the air electrode side and supplying fuel gas to the fuel electrode side to cause an electrochemical reaction in the cell, electric power can be obtained. ing.

【0003】上述したようなセルは、円筒型の基体管の
外面上に燃料極、電解質、空気極をそれぞれ成膜し、こ
れを単素子として当該単素子同士を電気的に接続するイ
ンタコネクタを成膜することにより製造される。上述し
た成膜は、溶射法や焼結法などで行う。一本の基体管で
単素子を10〜30程度成膜して単セルとする。
[0003] In the cell as described above, a fuel electrode, an electrolyte, and an air electrode are formed on the outer surface of a cylindrical base tube, and an interconnector for electrically connecting the single elements to each other is used as a single element. It is manufactured by forming a film. The above-described film formation is performed by a thermal spraying method, a sintering method, or the like. A single element is formed into a single cell by forming a film of about 10 to 30 with a single base tube.

【0004】[0004]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】前述したような固体電
解質燃料電池においては、モジュールを小型化すること
が実用化に要求される項目の一つとして挙げられてい
る。前述したようなセルにおいては、基体管上に単素子
を成膜していることから、その作動面積が単素子の長さ
と基体管の直径とに依存している。このため、モジュー
ルを小型化するには、単位面積当たりの出力を向上させ
て、使用するセルの数の低減を図ることが重要である。
すなわち、限られた寸法のセルを使用するにあたって
は、単セル自体の出力を向上させて単位面積当たりの出
力を向上させることが必要になるのである。しかしなが
ら、現状のセル構成材料では、0.3〜0.5A/cm
2 程度が限界と考えられるため、単セル性能の向上だけ
では、モジュールを小型化するのに限界があった。
In the solid electrolyte fuel cell as described above, miniaturization of the module is mentioned as one of the items required for practical use. In such a cell as described above, since a single element is formed on the base tube, the operating area depends on the length of the single element and the diameter of the base tube. Therefore, in order to reduce the size of the module, it is important to improve the output per unit area and reduce the number of cells used.
In other words, when using cells having limited dimensions, it is necessary to improve the output per unit area by improving the output of the single cell itself. However, in the current cell constituent material, 0.3 to 0.5 A / cm
Since about 2 is considered to be the limit, there is a limit in miniaturizing the module only by improving the single cell performance.

【0005】そこで、本発明は、高出力密度を実現する
ことができる円筒型固体電解質燃料電池のセルを提供す
ることを目的とした。
[0005] The present invention is aimed to provide a cell of cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell can realize a high output density.

【0006】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】前述した課題を解決する
ための、本発明による円筒型固体電解質燃料電池のセル
は、燃料極と電解質と空気極とからなる単素子を基体
の外面に備えてなる円筒型固体電解質燃料電池のセル構
造において、前記基体管の前記外面に凹状の窪を形成し
た後、前記窪内を前記単素子で満たすように当該単素子
を成膜して前記基体管との接触面に突起を形成したこと
を特徴とする。
Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above-mentioned problems, a cell of a cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell according to the present invention comprises a single element comprising a fuel electrode, an electrolyte and an air electrode as a base tube. In the cell structure of the cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell provided on the outer surface, a concave recess is formed on the outer surface of the base tube.
After that, the single element is filled so as to fill the recess with the single element.
And a projection is formed on the contact surface with the base tube .

【0007】[0007]

【発明の実施の形態】本発明による円筒型固体電解質燃
料電池のセルの実施の形態を図1を用いて説明する。な
お、図1は、その要部の構造を表す一部抽出断面図であ
る。
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a cell of a cylindrical solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a partially extracted cross-sectional view showing the structure of the main part.

【0008】図1に示すように、円筒型の基体である基
体管1の外面には、凹状の窪1aが複数形成されてい
る。基体管1の外面には、燃料極2が成膜されている。
燃料極2の外面には、電解質3が成膜されている。電解
質3の外面には、空気極4が成膜されている。つまり、
燃料極2、電解質3、空気極4からなる単素子5は、基
体管1の上記窪1a内を満たすようにして成膜されるこ
とにより、その基体管1との接触面に突起5aが形成さ
れているのである。また、単素子5は、基体管1の外面
上に複数形成され、基体管1の外面上に成膜されたイン
タコネクタ6でそれぞれ電気的に接続されている。
As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of concave depressions 1a are formed on the outer surface of a base tube 1 which is a cylindrical base. A fuel electrode 2 is formed on the outer surface of the base tube 1.
An electrolyte 3 is formed on the outer surface of the fuel electrode 2. An air electrode 4 is formed on the outer surface of the electrolyte 3. That is,
A single element 5 composed of the fuel electrode 2, the electrolyte 3, and the air electrode 4 is formed so as to fill the recess 1a of the base tube 1, so that a projection 5a is formed on the contact surface with the base tube 1. It is being done. A plurality of single elements 5 are formed on the outer surface of the base tube 1 and are electrically connected to each other by interconnectors 6 formed on the outer surface of the base tube 1.

【0009】このようなセルによれば、基体管1の窪1
aを満たすようにして単素子5に突起5aが形成されて
いるので、単素子5の表面積が増大し、作動面積が増大
するようになる。したがって、単位体積当たりの出力密
度を向上させることができるようになるので、モジュー
ルに使用するセルの数を低減することができ、モジュー
ルの小型化を図ることができる。
According to such a cell, the depression 1 of the base tube 1 is formed.
Since the projection 5a is formed on the single element 5 so as to satisfy the condition a, the surface area of the single element 5 is increased, and the operating area is increased. Therefore, the output density per unit volume can be improved, so that the number of cells used in the module can be reduced, and the module can be downsized.

【0010】[0010]

【実施例】本発明による円筒型固体電解質燃料電池のセ
の効果を確認するため、以下のようにして政策した試
験体を用いて確認試験を行った。 [試験体1:溶射成膜品] ZrO2 とCaOとの粉末を混合(CaO:15〜20
mol%)して焼成した混合酸化物を射出成形機で押し
出し法によって円筒型(直径:20mm,内径:16m
m)に成型して基体管原体を得る。この基体管原体をプ
レス機にセットしてプレスする(雰囲気:大気,温度:
室温)ことにより、当該基体管原体の外面上の単素子成
膜部分に窪(深さ:約0.8mm)を複数形成する。
EXAMPLES cell of cylindrical solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention
In order to confirm the effect of the test, a confirmation test was conducted using test specimens that were policyd as follows. [Specimen 1: Thermal sprayed film product] Powder of ZrO 2 and CaO was mixed (CaO: 15 to 20)
mol%) and calcined mixed oxide by extrusion method using an injection molding machine in a cylindrical shape (diameter: 20 mm, inner diameter: 16 m)
m) to obtain a base tube body. This base tube body is set in a press and pressed (atmosphere: air, temperature:
At room temperature), a plurality of depressions (depth: about 0.8 mm) are formed in the single-element film-forming portion on the outer surface of the base tube body.

【0011】なお、上記プレス機は、図2に示すよう
に、円筒型をなすと共に、軸心方向に沿って二分割でき
るようになっており、その内周面に突起11が複数形成
されている。よって、上述したように、当該プレス機1
0の分割された一方に基体管原体を載せ、当該プレス機
10の分割された他方を当該基体管原体上に被せるよう
にして当該基体管原体をプレスすれば、上記突起11に
よって当該基体管原体の外面上に窪を複数形成すること
ができるのである。
As shown in FIG. 2, the press machine has a cylindrical shape and can be divided into two parts along the axial direction. A plurality of protrusions 11 are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the press machine. I have. Therefore, as described above, the press 1
0, the base tube body is placed on one of the divided parts, and the other part of the press machine 10 is pressed on the base tube body so as to cover the divided body. A plurality of depressions can be formed on the outer surface of the base tube body.

【0012】上述したようにして成型した基体管原体を
焼成(雰囲気:空気,温度:1500℃,時間:2時
間)して基体管を製造した後、当該基体管の外面上にY
SZとNiOとの混合物(NiO:20〜60wt%)
を溶射して燃料極を成膜(厚さ:約70〜100μm)
し、ZrO2 とY2 3 との固溶体(Y2 3 :7〜1
0mol%)を溶射して電解質を成膜(厚さ:約80〜
100μm)し、LaCrO3 を溶射してインタコネク
タを成膜(厚さ:約30〜50μm)し、LaCoO3
またはLaMnO3 を溶射して空気極を成膜(厚さ:約
100〜150μm)することにより、試験体1を製作
した。
The base tube body molded as described above is fired (atmosphere: air, temperature: 1500 ° C., time: 2 hours) to produce a base tube, and Y is placed on the outer surface of the base tube.
Mixture of SZ and NiO (NiO: 20-60 wt%)
Is sprayed to form a fuel electrode (thickness: about 70 to 100 μm)
And a solid solution of ZrO 2 and Y 2 O 3 (Y 2 O 3 : 7-1)
0 mol%) to form an electrolyte film (thickness: about 80-
100 [mu] m) and, deposited interconnector by spraying LaCrO 3 (thickness: about 30 to 50 [mu] m) and, LaCoO 3
Alternatively, the test piece 1 was manufactured by spraying LaMnO 3 to form an air electrode (thickness: about 100 to 150 μm).

【0013】[試験体2:焼結成膜品]ZrO2 とCa
Oとの粉末を混合(CaO:15〜20mol%)して
焼成した混合酸化物を射出成形機で押し出し法によって
円筒型(直径:20mm,内径:16mm)に成型して
基体管原体を得る。この基体管原体をプレス機にセット
してプレスする(雰囲気:大気,温度:室温)ことによ
り、当該基体管原体の外面上の単素子成膜部分に窪(深
さ:約0.8mm)を複数形成する。なお、この際に用
いたプレス機は、上述した試験体1の製造時に用いたも
のと同一である。
[Specimen 2: Sintered film] ZrO 2 and Ca
The powder mixed with O (CaO: 15 to 20 mol%) and calcined are molded into a cylindrical shape (diameter: 20 mm, inner diameter: 16 mm) by extrusion using an injection molding machine to obtain a base tube body. . The base tube body is set in a press and pressed (atmosphere: air, temperature: room temperature) to form a depression (depth: about 0.8 mm) in the single-element film-forming portion on the outer surface of the base tube body. ) Are formed. The press used at this time is the same as that used at the time of manufacturing the test piece 1 described above.

【0014】上述したようにして成型した基体管原体の
外面に、YSZとNiOとの混合粉末(NiO:40w
t%)と水と添加剤とを攪拌混合した燃料極スラリ(混
合粉末:40%,水:40%,添加剤:20%)を塗布
し、ZrO2 とY2 3 との固溶体粉末(Y2 3 :8
mol%)と水と分散剤とを攪拌混合した電解質スラリ
(固溶体粉末:10%,水:60%,分散剤:30%)
を塗布し、LaSrCrO3 と水と分散剤とを攪拌混合
したインタコネクタスラリ(LaSrCrO3:10
%,水:60%,分散剤:30%)を塗布した後、焼成
(雰囲気:空気,温度:1300〜1500℃,時間:
2時間)したら、LaSrMnO3 と水と分散剤とを攪
拌混合した空気極スラリ(LaSrMnO3 :40%,
水:40%,分散剤:20%)を塗布し、再度焼成(雰
囲気:空気,温度:1000〜1300℃)することに
より、燃料極(厚さ:約70〜100μm)、電解質
(厚さ:約80〜100μm)、空気極(厚さ:約10
0〜150μm)、インタコネクタ(厚さ:約30〜5
0μm)を基体管に成膜して試験体2を製作した。
On the outer surface of the base tube body molded as described above, a mixed powder of YSZ and NiO (NiO: 40 w
t%), water and an additive are stirred and mixed, and a fuel electrode slurry (mixed powder: 40%, water: 40%, additive: 20%) is applied, and a solid solution powder of ZrO 2 and Y 2 O 3 ( Y 2 O 3 : 8
mol%), water and a dispersing agent with stirring and mixing (solid solution powder: 10%, water: 60%, dispersing agent: 30%).
, And an interconnector slurry (LaSrCrO 3 : 10) in which LaSrCrO 3 , water and a dispersant are mixed with stirring.
%, Water: 60%, dispersant: 30%), and then fired (atmosphere: air, temperature: 1300-1500 ° C., time:
After 2 hours), an air electrode slurry (LaSrMnO 3 : 40%, in which LaSrMnO 3 , water and a dispersant were stirred and mixed)
Water: 40%, dispersant: 20%) is applied and fired again (atmosphere: air, temperature: 1000 to 1300 ° C.) to obtain a fuel electrode (thickness: about 70 to 100 μm) and an electrolyte (thickness: About 80-100 μm), air electrode (thickness: about 10
0-150 μm), interconnector (thickness: about 30-5)
0 μm) was formed on a substrate tube to produce a test piece 2.

【0015】[確認試験] <試験方法>上述したようにして製作した試験体1,2
を1000℃に加温し、内面側に水素ガスを100cc
/minで流通させると共に、外面側に空気を100c
c/minで流通させ、電流を0.2a/cm2 で通電
した際のセル電圧を計測した。なお、電流密度の計算に
用いたセル面積は、見かけの表面積、すなわち、基体管
の直径(17mm)と有効部の長さ(20mm)とから
求めた。
[Confirmation Test] <Test Method> Specimens 1 and 2 manufactured as described above.
Is heated to 1000 ° C., and 100 cc of hydrogen gas is
/ Min at the same time as the air flow of 100 c
The cell voltage was measured at a flow rate of c / min and a current of 0.2 a / cm 2 . The cell area used for the calculation of the current density was determined from the apparent surface area, that is, the diameter (17 mm) of the base tube and the length (20 mm) of the effective portion.

【0016】なお、図3は、上述の試験に用いた試験装
置の概略構成図である。図3中、21は電気炉、22は
空気送給量調整器、23は水素ガス送給量調整器、24
は窒素ガス送給量調整器、25は加湿器、26は恒温水
循環器、27はバブリングポット、28はバルブ、30
は試験体である。
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a test apparatus used for the above-described test. In FIG. 3, 21 is an electric furnace, 22 is an air feed rate adjuster, 23 is a hydrogen gas feed rate adjuster, 24
Is a nitrogen gas supply amount regulator, 25 is a humidifier, 26 is a constant temperature water circulator, 27 is a bubbling pot, 28 is a valve, 30
Is a specimen.

【0017】<試験結果>上述したようにして試験を行
った結果、試験体1は、作動電圧が0.82Vであり、
試験体2は、作動電圧が0.85Vであった。これに対
し、上述と同様な条件での従来のセルは、作動電圧が
0.70〜0.75Vである。したがって、試験体1,
2は、従来のセルよりも高い出力密度を有していること
が確認された。
<Test Results> As a result of performing the test as described above, the test body 1 has an operating voltage of 0.82 V,
Test body 2 had an operating voltage of 0.85V. In contrast, the conventional cell under the same conditions as described above has an operating voltage of 0.70 to 0.75V. Therefore, the specimen 1,
It was confirmed that Sample No. 2 had a higher power density than the conventional cell.

【0018】[0018]

【発明の効果】本発明の円筒型固体電解質燃料電池の
によれば、単位体積当たりの差動面積を増大させるこ
とができるので、モジュールにおけるセルの数を減らす
ことができ、モジュールの小型化を図ることができる。
Se cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention, according to the present invention
According to Le, it is possible to increase the differential area per unit volume, can reduce the number of cells in the module, it is possible to reduce the size of the module.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明による円筒型固体電解質燃料電池のセル
の実施の形態の要部の構造を表す一部抽出断面図であ
る。
FIG. 1 is a partially extracted cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a main part of an embodiment of a cell of a cylindrical solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention.

【図2】本発明による円筒型固体電解質燃料電池のセル
の製造の際に使用するプレス機の構造図である。
[Figure 2] cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell of the cell according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a press used in the manufacture of the present invention.

【図3】本発明による円筒型固体電解質燃料電池のセル
の効果を確認するために使用した試験装置の概略構成図
である。
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a test apparatus used for confirming the effects of the cells of the cylindrical solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 基体管 1a 窪 2 燃料極 3 電解質 4 空気極 5 単素子 5a 突起 6 インタコネクタ 10 プレス機 11 突起 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 base tube 1 a depression 2 fuel electrode 3 electrolyte 4 air electrode 5 single element 5 a projection 6 interconnector 10 press machine 11 projection

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭63−29453(JP,A) 特開 平2−276166(JP,A) 特開 平1−227362(JP,A) 実開 平4−8259(JP,U) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) H01M 8/02,8/12,8/24 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-63-29453 (JP, A) JP-A-2-276166 (JP, A) JP-A-1-227362 (JP, A) 8259 (JP, U) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) H01M 8/02, 8/12, 8/24

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】 燃料極と電解質と空気極とからなる単素
子を基体の外面に備えてなる円筒型固体電解質燃料電
池のセル構造において、前記基体管の前記外面に凹状の窪を形成した後、前記窪
内を前記単素子で満たすように当該単素子を成膜して前
記基体管との接触面に突起を形成した ことを特徴とする
円筒型固体電解質燃料電池のセル
1. A fuel electrode and an electrolyte and a cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell structure of the battery a single element composed of an air electrode made provided on the outer surface of the substrate tube, to form a concave recess on the outer surface of the substrate tube Later, the depression
Before forming the single element so as to fill the inside with the single element,
The projection is formed on the contact surface with the base tube.
Cell of cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell .
JP15778496A 1996-06-19 1996-06-19 Cell of cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell Expired - Fee Related JP3354793B2 (en)

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JP15778496A JP3354793B2 (en) 1996-06-19 1996-06-19 Cell of cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell

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JPH1012253A JPH1012253A (en) 1998-01-16
JP3354793B2 true JP3354793B2 (en) 2002-12-09

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2408538C (en) * 2000-05-08 2008-05-20 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell assembly with heater wire provided on a grid frame of an electrolyte layer
JP4718772B2 (en) * 2003-12-10 2011-07-06 三菱重工業株式会社 Solid oxide fuel cell, water electrolysis cell, and method for producing solid oxide fuel cell

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