JP3316473B2 - Large culvert sabo dam - Google Patents
Large culvert sabo damInfo
- Publication number
- JP3316473B2 JP3316473B2 JP09956699A JP9956699A JP3316473B2 JP 3316473 B2 JP3316473 B2 JP 3316473B2 JP 09956699 A JP09956699 A JP 09956699A JP 9956699 A JP9956699 A JP 9956699A JP 3316473 B2 JP3316473 B2 JP 3316473B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- culvert
- dam
- marble
- gate
- flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
Landscapes
- Revetment (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、火山泥流および土
石流対策のための大暗渠砂防ダムに関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a large culvert sabo dam for preventing volcanic mudflow and debris flow.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】土石流や火山泥流の捕捉を目的とした理
想的な砂防ダムには、平常時及び中小出水時には河道の
上下流方向の連続性を遮断せず河川を自然に近い状態に
保ち、土砂等を全て下流ヘ流下させ、一方では土石流及
び火山泥流等の大規模の出水時には、流下する土砂を全
て捕捉するといった機能が求められる。2. Description of the Related Art An ideal sabo dam for capturing debris flow and volcanic mud flow is to maintain the river in a state close to nature without interrupting the continuity in the upstream and downstream directions of the river at normal times and during small and medium floods. In addition, it is required to have a function of causing all of the sediment and the like to flow down to the downstream, and at the same time, catching all the flowing down sediment at the time of large-scale flooding such as debris flow and volcanic mud flow.
【０００３】従来、これらの機能を満足させるため、透
過型（スリット）砂防ダムが施工されている。Conventionally, transmission type (slit) sabo dams have been constructed to satisfy these functions.
【０００４】透過型（スリット）砂防ダムは平常時の流
砂あるいは小径の土石類を通過させるため、柵状、スク
リーン状、格子状（立体格子を含む）、トラス状（立体
トラスを含む）等の形状に構成された鋼製ダムとして開
発されることが多く、その一例として鋼管４で立体格子
を組立てて大荷重に耐えられるようにした格子型鋼製ダ
ムの場合を図４に示す。A transmission type (slit) sabo dam is a fence, screen, grid (including a three-dimensional grid), truss (including a three-dimensional truss), etc., in order to allow normal quicksand or small-diameter debris to pass therethrough. FIG. 4 shows a case of a lattice-type steel dam, which is often developed as a steel dam having a shape, and as an example, a three-dimensional lattice is assembled with steel pipes 4 so as to withstand a large load.
【０００５】この他にも、図示は省略するが、Ｈ形鋼を
スクリーン状に配し、これを鋼製支保工で支えるいわゆ
るバットレスタイプの鋼製ダムや、両側をコンクリート
ダムとし、中央にスクリーン状の鋼製ダムを形成したも
のなどが存在する。[0005] In addition, although not shown, an H-section steel is arranged in a screen shape and a so-called buttress type steel dam supported by a steel support, or a concrete dam on both sides, and a screen in the center. There is a steel dam formed in a shape.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】前記透過式（スリッ
ト）砂防ダムは、土石流等の大規模出水時に流下する土
砂・石礫を確実に捕捉するためスリット幅を狭くした場
合は、中小出水時に流下する流木や石礫でも捕捉できて
しまいスリット部が閉塞するおそれがある。The permeation type (slit) sabo dam is designed to catch sediment and debris flowing down during large-scale flooding, such as debris flow, when the slit width is narrowed. Driftwood and rubble can be captured and the slit may be blocked.
【０００７】これに対して、平常時及び中小出水時に流
下する土砂等を全て下流へ流下させるためスリット幅を
十分広くした場合は、土石流流下時等にも閉塞せず土砂
・石礫がそのまま流下することが懸念される。On the other hand, if the slit width is made sufficiently large to allow all the sediment flowing down during normal and medium to small flooding to flow downstream, the sediment and gravels will not flow off even when the debris flows down. It is feared that.
【０００８】なお、土石流等の流下時に確実に閉塞する
ダムとしては開閉するゲートを付設した大暗渠砂防ダム
が考えられるが、このようなダムはゲートを開閉のため
の動力装置が必要となり、その維持・管理がやっかいと
なる。A large culvert sabo dam provided with a gate that opens and closes can be considered as a dam that reliably blocks when a debris flow or the like flows down. Such a dam requires a power unit for opening and closing the gate. Maintenance and management is troublesome.
【０００９】本発明の目的は前記従来例の不都合を解消
し、土石流・火山泥流時等には動力装置なしに暗渠部を
閉鎖して確実に土砂、巨礫等を捕捉するとともに、通常
時及び中小洪水時の土砂等は暗渠部を通してすべて下流
へ流下させるので、河道の上下流方向の連続性を遮断せ
ず河川を自然に近い状態に保つことが可能な大暗渠砂防
ダムを提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, and to close down the culvert without a power unit during a debris flow or volcanic mud flow to reliably capture sediment, boulders, etc. Since all sediment during a small-to-medium-sized flood is allowed to flow downstream through the culvert, a large culvert sabo dam that can keep the river close to nature without interrupting the continuity in the upstream and downstream directions of the river channel will be provided. is there.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は前記目的を達成
するため、暗渠部を有するダム本体に対し、その上流部
に前記暗渠部の幅よりも直径の大きいもので、下記半径
ａ（ｍ）の条件を満たす大きさのコンクリート製球体か
らなるビー玉状ゲートを設置したこと、 （ＣＤ ）ｍａｘ …衝撃抵抗係数 ρ…土石流密度（ｔ／ｍ３) σ…石の密度（ｔ／ｍ３) μ…閉塞用ビー玉状ゲートと砂礫の摩擦係数 ａ…ビー玉状ゲートの半径（ｍ） ｇ…重力加速度（9.8 ｍ／ｓ２) ｖ…土石流流速（ｍ／ｓ） および、暗渠部は馬蹄形とすることを要旨とするもので
ある。According to the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, a dam body having a culvert has a diameter larger than the width of the culvert upstream of the dam body. ) A marble-shaped gate made of concrete spheres sized to meet the requirements of (C D ) max ... Impact resistance coefficient ρ ... Debris flow density (t / m 3 ) σ ... Stone density (t / m 3 ) μ ... Friction coefficient between closing marble gate and gravel a ... Radius of marble gate ( g) Gravitational acceleration (9.8 m / s 2 ) v: Debris flow velocity (m / s) The culvert should have a horseshoe shape.
【００１１】請求項１記載の本発明によれば、ビー玉状
ゲートはコンクリート製の球体であり、ダムの上流部に
設置する。このビー玉状ゲートは通常時及ぴ中小洪水時
は動かない。その結果、河川の流水を遮断することがな
いので、魚類の移動および砂礫堆形成等にはほとんど影
響を与えない。これに対して、計画規模以上の土砂移動
時、すなわち、土石流および火山泥流時はその流体力は
極めて大きいので、球体が転動してダム本体のところへ
至り、自動的に暗渠部を閉塞して確実に土石流および火
山泥流を堰止める。通常の大暗渠ダムと異なり、暗渠部
直下の異常洗掘は生じない。According to the first aspect of the present invention, the marble-shaped gate is a sphere made of concrete and is installed at an upstream portion of the dam. This marble gate does not move during normal times and during small and medium floods. As a result, the flow of the river is not interrupted, so that the movement of fish and the formation of gravel deposits are hardly affected. On the other hand, when the sediment moves more than the planned scale, that is, when the debris flow and the volcanic mud flow, the fluid force is extremely large, the sphere rolls and reaches the dam body, and the culvert is automatically closed. To ensure that debris and volcanic mudflows are blocked. Unlike normal large culvert dams, there is no abnormal scouring just below the culvert.
【００１２】堆積した土砂は、ダム直上流の部分的な除
石とビー玉状ゲートの移動を行えば、自然の流水により
排砂し、貯砂容量を回復することができる。[0012] The deposited earth and sand can be drained by natural flowing water to recover the sand storage capacity by partially removing stones immediately upstream of the dam and moving the marble gate.
【００１３】請求項２記載の本発明によれば、前記作用
に加えて、暗渠部は馬蹄形とすることで、空洞部の応力
集中を最小限にすることができる。しかも、馬蹄形であ
るアーチ構造とすることで底面の岩盤をそのまま生か
せ、転流工が不要となりコスト縮減につながるととも
に、デザイン的にも特異な施設となる。According to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above operation, the culvert portion is formed in a horseshoe shape, so that stress concentration in the hollow portion can be minimized. In addition, the horseshoe-shaped arch structure allows the rock on the bottom to be used as it is, eliminating the need for commutation work, leading to cost reductions and a unique facility in terms of design.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施例を詳細に説
明する。図１は本発明の大暗渠砂防ダムの１実施形態を
示す斜視図で、図中１はダム本体で暗渠部２を有する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a large culvert sabo dam according to the present invention. In FIG.
【００１５】図２、図３にこのダム本体１を示すが、ダ
ム本体１の構造は大暗渠部２の設置により堤体１ａが軽
くなり、安定性が低下するのを防止するために、単位幅
当たりの安定性ではなく砂防ダム全体としての安定条件
を満足する断面形状とする。このような大暗渠部２の空
洞に対する考慮は、施工ブロックで重量を算出し、見か
けの単位体積重量を求める。図示の例では断面形状で下
に末広がりとなる扇形状とした。FIGS. 2 and 3 show this dam body 1. The structure of the dam body 1 is a unit for preventing the embankment 1a from being lightened by the installation of the large culvert section 2 and preventing the stability from deteriorating. A cross-sectional shape that satisfies not the stability per width but the stability conditions of the entire sabo dam. In consideration of such a cavity of the large culvert 2, the weight is calculated by the construction block, and the apparent unit volume weight is obtained. In the illustrated example, the sectional shape is a fan shape that spreads downward.
【００１６】このダム本体１は通常の砂防ダムと同様に
基礎掘削、コンクリート打設を行って施工する。基礎が
岩盤の場合は、暗渠底面を基岩として転流工を大暗渠部
２で兼用することができるため、施工中の河川処理が容
易である。The dam body 1 is constructed by excavating a foundation and placing concrete in the same manner as a normal sabo dam. When the foundation is a bedrock, the culvert can be shared by the large culvert 2 using the bottom of the culvert as a base rock, so that river treatment during construction is easy.
【００１７】また、ダムサイトの両岸が岩盤の場合に
は、梁構造として鉄筋コンクリート造とすることもでき
る。このような鉄筋コンクリート構造とする場合は、鉄
筋工及び岩盤へのアンカー工を主として軽機械を用いた
人力施工を行う。When both sides of the dam site are rock, the beam structure may be reinforced concrete. In the case of such a reinforced concrete structure, a human-powered construction mainly using a light machine mainly for the reinforced concrete work and the anchor work to the bedrock is performed.
【００１８】暗渠部２の大きさは中小規模の洪水時にお
けるピーク流量を堰上げを生じないで流下させると共
に、このときに流下すると考えられる巨石（直径１ｍ程
度以下）、流水（流木３ｍ以上）等を捕捉して閉塞する
ことのない大きさとし、また、本実施形態では空洞部の
応力集中を最小限にするために馬蹄形のアーチ構造とし
た。The size of the culvert 2 allows the peak flow during small- and medium-scale floods to flow without damaging, and at the same time, megaliths (diameter of about 1 m or less) and running water (drift wood of 3 m or more). In this embodiment, a horseshoe-shaped arch structure is used in order to minimize the concentration of stress in the cavity.
【００１９】また、暗渠部２は後述のビー玉状ゲート３
が土石流時等に転動して暗渠部２を通過せず確実に閉塞
させるため、暗渠部２の幅はビー玉状ゲート３の直径よ
りも小さくする。なお、計画規模の出水はビー玉状ゲー
ト３が暗渠部２を閉鎖させるためダム本体１の水通し天
端１ｂを流下するように暗渠部２の大きさを決定する。The culvert 2 is a marble gate 3 described later.
The width of the culvert 2 is made smaller than the diameter of the marble-shaped gate 3 in order to reliably close the culvert 2 without rolling through the culvert 2 when the debris flows. In addition, the size of the culvert 2 is determined such that the marble-shaped gate 3 flows down the top 1b of the dam main body 1 in order to close the culvert 2 for flooding of the planned scale.
【００２０】本発明はこのような暗渠部２を有するダム
本体１に対し、その上流部に前記暗渠部２の幅よりも直
径の大きいビー玉状ゲート３を設置した。このビー玉状
ゲート３はコンクリート製の球体であり、ダムの上流部
に設置した場合に、通常時及ぴ中小洪水時は動かない
が、土石流および火山泥流時の流体力は極めて大きいの
で、その流体力により球体が転動して暗渠部を閉塞する
ものである。In the present invention, a marble-shaped gate 3 having a diameter larger than the width of the culvert 2 is provided upstream of the dam body 1 having such a culvert 2. This marble-shaped gate 3 is a sphere made of concrete. When installed at the upstream part of the dam, it does not move during normal and medium to small floods, but the fluid force during debris flow and volcanic mud flow is extremely large. The sphere rolls due to the fluid force to close the culvert.
【００２１】対象とする規模の土石流が移動させること
のできる石礫の最大粒径は、下記の式を用いて算出す
る。前記ビー玉状ゲート３の径は、下記の式より算出さ
れた石礫の最大粒径とほば等しい値を用いる。ただし先
に述べたように、暗渠部２の幅よりもビー玉状ゲート３
の直径が大きくなければならない。The maximum particle size of rubble that a debris flow of a target scale can move is calculated using the following equation. As the diameter of the marble-shaped gate 3, a value substantially equal to the maximum particle size of the rubble calculated by the following equation is used. However, as described above, the width of the culvert 2 is larger than the width of the marble gate 3.
Must have a large diameter.
【００２２】 ここで、（ＣＤ ）ｍａｘ は衝撃抵抗係数、ρは土石
流密度（ｔ／ｍ３)、σは石の密度（ｔ／ｍ３)、μは閉
塞用ビー玉状ゲート３と砂礫の摩擦係数、ａはビー玉状
ゲート３の半径（ｍ）、ｇは重力加速度（9.8 ｍ／
ｓ２)、ｖは土石流流速（ｍ／ｓ）、ｃはパラメータ
（ａ≧ｃ＞０）である。ρ、ｖは対象とする規模の土石
流に対応した値を用いる。ａ≧ｃ＞０より、１≧ｘ＞０
の範囲で変化させて（２）式から算出したＣＤの値の最
大値を（ＣＤ ）ｍａｘ を（ｌ）に代入する。[0022] Here, (C D ) max is the impact resistance coefficient, ρ is the debris flow density (t / m 3 ), σ is the stone density (t / m 3 ), μ is the friction coefficient between the closing marble gate 3 and the gravel, a is the radius (m) of the marble-shaped gate 3, and g is the gravitational acceleration (9.8 m /
s 2 ), v is debris flow velocity (m / s), and c is a parameter (a ≧ c> 0). For ρ and v, values corresponding to the debris flow of the target scale are used. From a ≧ c> 0, 1 ≧ x> 0
Varied from substituted by a (2) The maximum value of the values of C D calculated from equation (C D) max in (l).
【００２３】前記（ｌ）式は次のように書き換えること
ができる。 前記（３）式より、対象とする規模の土石流によって動
く巨石としてのビー玉状ゲート３の半径αの範囲が算出
される。これによれば、前記ビー玉状ゲート３の半径α
は２〜４ｍ程度、暗渠部２の幅は３〜７ｍ程度となるこ
とが想定できる。The above equation (1) can be rewritten as follows. From the above equation (3), the range of the radius α of the marble-shaped gate 3 as a megalith moved by the debris flow of the target scale is calculated. According to this, the radius α of the marble-shaped gate 3
Can be assumed to be about 2 to 4 m, and the width of the culvert 2 is about 3 to 7 m.
【００２４】[0024]
【発明の効果】以上述べたように本発明の大暗渠砂防ダ
ムは、流土石流・火山泥流時等には動力装置なしに暗渠
部を閉鎖して確実に土砂、巨礫等を捕捉するとともに、
通常時及び中小洪水時の土砂等は暗渠部を通してすべて
下流へ流下させるので、河道の上下流方向の連続性を遮
断せず河川を自然に近い状態に保つことが可能なもので
ある。As described above, the large culvert sabo dam of the present invention can be used to reliably capture sediment, boulders, etc. by closing the culvert without a power unit when drifting debris flows or volcanic mud flows, etc.
Since all sediment and the like during normal times and small and medium floods are caused to flow downstream through the culvert, it is possible to keep the river close to nature without interrupting the continuity in the upstream and downstream directions of the river channel.
【図１】本発明の大暗渠砂防ダムの１実施形態を示す斜
視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a large culvert sabo dam of the present invention.
【図２】ダム本体の正面図である。FIG. 2 is a front view of a dam body.
【図３】ダム本体の側面図である。FIG. 3 is a side view of a dam body.
【図４】従来例を示す正面図である。FIG. 4 is a front view showing a conventional example.
１…ダム本体 １ａ…堤体 １ｂ…水通し天端 ２…暗渠部 ３…ビー玉状ゲート ４…鋼管 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Dam main body 1a ... Embankment body 1b ... Drainage top end 2 ... Culvert section 3 ... Marble-shaped gate 4 ... Steel pipe
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 小松澤 展 群馬県渋川市121番１号 建設省関東地 方建設局利根川水系砂防工事事務所内 (72)発明者 下田 義文 東京都目黒区中目黒１丁目10番21号 八 千代エンジニヤリング株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 平11−50434（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) E02B 7/02 F16K 17/34 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Noboru Komatsuzawa 121-1, Shibukawa-shi, Gunma Pref. Kanto District, Ministry of Construction Inside the Tonegawa Sabo Sabo Construction Office (72) Inventor Yoshifumi Shimoda 1 Nakameguro, Meguro-ku, Tokyo Chome 10-21 Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-11-50434 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) E02B 7/02 F16K 17 / 34
Claims (2)
流部に前記暗渠部の幅よりも直径の大きいもので、下記
半径ａ（ｍ）の条件を満たす大きさのコンクリート製球
体からなるビー玉状ゲートを設置したことを特徴とする
大暗渠砂防ダム。 （ＣＤ ）ｍａｘ …衝撃抵抗係数 ρ…土石流密度（ｔ／ｍ３) σ…石の密度（ｔ／ｍ３) μ…閉塞用ビー玉状ゲートと砂礫の摩擦係数 ａ…ビー玉状ゲートの半径（ｍ） ｇ…重力加速度（9.8 ｍ／ｓ２) ｖ…土石流流速（ｍ／ｓ）1. A marble consisting of a concrete sphere having a diameter larger than the width of the culvert and having a size satisfying the following radius a (m) at an upstream portion of the dam body having the culvert. Large culvert sabo dam characterized by the installation of a gate. (C D ) max ... Impact resistance coefficient ρ ... Debris flow density (t / m 3 ) σ ... Stone density (t / m 3 ) μ ... Friction coefficient between closing marble gate and gravel a ... Radius of marble gate ( m) g: gravity acceleration (9.8 m / s 2 ) v: debris flow velocity (m / s)
大暗渠砂防ダム。2. The large culvert sabo dam according to claim 1, wherein the culvert has a horseshoe shape.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP09956699A JP3316473B2 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 1999-04-07 | Large culvert sabo dam |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP09956699A JP3316473B2 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 1999-04-07 | Large culvert sabo dam |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000290970A JP2000290970A (en) | 2000-10-17 |
| JP3316473B2 true JP3316473B2 (en) | 2002-08-19 |
Family
ID=14250693
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP09956699A Expired - Lifetime JP3316473B2 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 1999-04-07 | Large culvert sabo dam |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3316473B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110485533A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-22 | 新疆农业大学 | Drought-hit area collection rain flood storage tree planting channel |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105178255B (en) * | 2015-08-22 | 2016-10-26 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | The pool segment length measuring method of ladder-pool type debris flow drainage groove |
| CN108376203B (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2021-07-20 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Design method of comb dam opening width for non-viscous debris flow |
-
1999
- 1999-04-07 JP JP09956699A patent/JP3316473B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110485533A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-22 | 新疆农业大学 | Drought-hit area collection rain flood storage tree planting channel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2000290970A (en) | 2000-10-17 |
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