JP3278608B2 - River revetment greening method and sandbags used in this method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a revetment revegetation method for rivers and a vegetation soil for use in the method. The present invention relates to a method for growing revetments on a concrete block revetment to enable revegetation of the revetment. Construction (civil engineering) technology.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, awareness of the natural environment and scenery has increased, and various efforts have been made to establish vegetation on existing concrete revetments even if they are artificial on the surface. It has come to come. 7 and 8
The construction method shown in (1) was introduced in the "Slope and Environment" No. 14 issued on March 31, 1997 by the Japan Specific Slope Protection Association.

[0003] Fig. 7 shows a proposed construction method introduced as "lightweight frame work + vegetation soil sand + wire mesh upholstery". A lightweight 150 mm thick wire mesh frame is anchored on an existing concrete block seawall with anchor pins. It is fixed, and a lightweight frame is filled with vegetation sandbags made of woven or non-woven fabric such as cotton or hemp, and a protective wire mesh is stretched on the upper surface.

[0004] Fig. 8 shows a proposed method introduced as "injection mat upholstery + soil injection", in which a cotton or hemp bag-like injection mat is anchored on an existing concrete block revetment. It is installed with pins and the base material containing seeds is injected into the mat.

[0005]

In the structure shown in FIG. 7, even though the sandbag is protected by a lightweight frame and a wire mesh, the sandbag is exposed to a rapid flow such as an upstream part of a river and is hit by a huge rock. Since even lightweight frames are damaged, sandbags are not completely retained, and the sandbag surface is damaged even by high-speed collision of falling pebbles or high-speed flow, and the life of the sandbag fabric is about 4 to 5 years. Therefore, it is difficult to form a semi-permanent vegetation base, and revetment revegetation cannot be achieved in places where large rocks collide with each flood.

[0008] Even in the case of FIG. 8, the woven fabric or nonwoven fabric such as cotton and hemp, which is the material of the sandbag, has a durable life of about 3 to 5 years in water, and the sandbag is used for drifting stones and driftwood. Due to the fact that it is easily damaged due to exposure, etc., it is also difficult to become a semi-permanent vegetation base, and revetment revegetation cannot be achieved in places where large rock collisions occur with each flood.

The present invention provides new revetment greening from the viewpoint of the material structure of the sandbag and the installation structure of the sandbag for overcoming the weakness of the conventional concrete revetment revegetation, and enables semi-permanent concrete revetment revegetation. Even in the upper reaches of rivers where large rocks are hit by floods, revetment revegetation is possible.

[0008]

For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an anchor bolt 4 is erected on the bottom surface of a concave portion 2 of a seawall concrete block 1 installed on a slope of a river, and a coconut fiber nonwoven fabric is provided. The earthen-made sandbag 5 is arranged in the recess, the shape-retaining net 6 covering the upper surface of the recess 2 is placed on the sandbag, and the stopper 7 is inserted through the upper end of the anchor bolt 4.
Next, seed-containing vegetation base material 8 is injected and filled into the sandbag 5 to inflate the sandbag up to the upper surface of the concrete block concave portion, and then the stopper 7 is fixed to the anchor bolt 4. The "bottom surface" of the concave portion of the concrete block referred to in the present invention includes not only the bottom surface (example) of which the entire surface is concreted but also the bottom surface including a portion communicating with the ground. What is necessary is just to have the structure in which a bolt can be erected and fixed.

[0009] Therefore, the upper surface of the sandbag is protected by the shape-retaining net, and the shape-retaining net is fixed by the anchor bolts with the stopper. It is possible to prevent runoff from the inside of the concave portion, and also prevent suction of the vegetation base material.

In addition, the sandbag made of coconut fiber non-woven fabric is
The fiber itself has a high tensile strength, and there is almost no expansion and contraction in water, so it is not damaged by rocks, and because it is a porous material, it has good water retention and helps the growth of plant roots. With the long service life (10 years or more) in water and in soil, Aimata enables early and complete greening of seawall concrete blocks.

Further, since the shape-retaining net 6 is made of a metal net and the stopper is made of a metal strip, it can be easily fastened and fixed with the anchor bolts 4 and the protection of the sandbag is ensured. It can be easily obtained and constructed as an expanded metal net or flat strip steel, and can be constructed advantageously in terms of function and cost.

Further, the arrangement of the sandbag 5 made of non-woven coconut fiber nonwoven into the seawall concrete block recess 2 is made to penetrate the anchor bolt 4 from above, so that the operation is extremely easy. If the fibers around the part are brought together by hand, the breakage of the penetrating part can be repaired and the outflow of the sandbag contents can be prevented.

Further, since the pot seedlings are inserted from above into the sandbag made of non-woven coconut fiber, it is possible to plant greenery of the concrete block, but from among various kinds of grass grown from the vegetation base material in the sandbag, a flower suitable for the riverbank. Can be grown at an early stage, and an excellent greening environment can be realized for concrete blocks.

The sandbag 5 is formed of a nonwoven sheet 50 formed by entangled coconut fiber f to form a bag.
A coconut fiber nonwoven vegetation soil having two inlets O was provided. Therefore, the nonwoven fabric sheet 50 is a coconut fiber having the longest corrosion resistance among natural fibers, has a high tensile strength, hardly expands and contracts in water, and is entangled with the fiber itself while being a porous material. Since it is in the form, i.e., non-woven form, even if it is washed by running water due to flooding, the function of preventing the suction of the contents and the function of retaining water are maintained for a long period of time, helping the root growth and rooting of the plant, and the plant growing. The sandbags that can be fully used until they take root can be obtained.

Further, in the sandbag, one surface of the nonwoven fabric sheet 50 is an adhesive spray layer 52, and the adhesive spray layer 52 is arranged on the inner surface side of the bag. While having the necessary shape-retaining property, the relatively hardened surface is the inner surface, so that the bud can be penetrated by the germinating power of the seed, while the fiber entangled layer on the surface maintains the stem of the plant and naturally Since it has a topsoil-like function, it becomes a natural-friendly sandbag.

Further, the nonwoven fabric sheet 50 has a fiber length of 10
Coconut fiber f with a weight of 500-900gr
/ M ² , an entangled sheet 51 having a thickness of 10 to 20 mm, and an adhesive spray layer 52 on one surface of which an adhesive is spray-coated at 80 to 110 gr / m ² . Therefore, since a long coconut fiber is cut into a fixed length to form an entangled nonwoven fabric, it is easy to produce a uniform sheet, and 500 to 900
gr / m ² and thickness of 10 to 20 mm, so that there is no hindrance to the penetration and growth of plants, and it is possible to prevent the contents from being sucked out by running water, and the inner surface has an amount of 80 to 110 gr / m ^2. Is spray-applied, so that a sandbag that has a sufficient shape-retaining property and that allows seeds to germinate through is obtained.

Further, the formation of the sandbag is performed by folding a single nonwoven fabric sheet 50 into two pieces, sewing the three sides together, forming an opening O at one corner, and fastening a suture thread T at the end of the opening O. As an extension T ′. Therefore, the sewing of a thick and relatively stiff sheet can be rationally formed with minimum sewing, and the opening O is a corner of the sandbag, and the extension T 'of the suture T is left. The closure of the opening O after the filling is possible by stopping the extension T 'of the suture by squeezing the sandbag opening O from above and squeezing the sandbag, thereby facilitating the production of the sandbag and the construction on site. .

[0018]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [Preparation of sandbags (FIGS. 3 and 4)]
Cut coconut fiber to 10-15cm, 7
Spread on a 50-g cotton-like mat, perform needle punching while supplying with a roller to a thickness of 15 mm, and then apply 100 g of natural latex glue per square rice on one surface to form a coconut fiber nonwoven fabric sheet 50. (FIG. 4B).

Next, the nonwoven fabric sheet having a width L ₁ of 1,000 mm is cut into a length L ₀ of 2000 mm (FIG. 3A).
Four sides folded and folded from the length center square 1,000mm, sutured in an open way part 30mm is the stitch width W ₁ in thread T the three sides, the width W ₂ is 100mm in the corner opening O To form
The sewing thread T was used as an extension T 'for fastening from both sides of the opening O (FIGS. 3B and 4A).

[Testing 1 (FIGS. 1 and 2)] The present invention was applied to a test for rehabilitation and revegetation measures at the upper part of a rapid river (Himekawa, Niigata Prefecture), where the river protection is extremely difficult. One side X as concrete block of high water revetment on slope of river shore
₁ established the revetment concrete block 1 thickness Y ₁ is 800mm in square 1600 mm, the block 1 of the surface top side is the side X _3: lower a square 1000mm is side X
₂ : A square ₂ having a depth of 800 mm and a depth Y ₂ having a depth of 300 mm is formed, and four buried nuts 3 are provided on the bottom surface of the concave portion at equal intervals in the front, rear, left and right directions by concrete casting.

Each buried nut 3 in the recess 2 of the block 1
Then, a double screw bolt 4 having a length of 340 mm and a diameter of 20 mm is erected, and then a hollow sandbag 5 made of coconut fiber non-woven fabric and having a side of 1000 mm is penetrated through each bolt 4 so that the opening O is above the slope. Then, the fibers around the bolt penetrating portion are manually brought together to form the sandbag sheet 50 and the bolt 4.
Eliminate the gap between

Next, a mesh of 22 mm × 50.8 mm and a width of 3.
2 mm 950 mm × 950 mm square expanded metal 6 is passed through each bolt 4 and placed on the recess 2,
A flat steel strip 7 having a length of 950 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a thickness of 6 mm as a stopper is inserted into each bolt 4 at the upper part of the expanded metal 6 in a cross-girder shape (FIG. 1A). Temporarily fixes the nut 10. Next, the opening O of the sandbag
Injecting and filling the seed-mixed vegetation base material using a hydroseeder, the sandbag expands and fills the recesses (FIG. 2). When the sandbag is removed, the sandbag opening is squeezed, the sandbag opening O is squeezed, and the sewing thread extension T 'is used. Wrap it tightly and tie it. Therefore, in this example, the thickness of the sandbag can be formed to be about 300 mm, and with this thickness, it is possible for a deep rooted plant to have a sufficient rhizome.

Next, as shown in FIG.
A notch is formed in the expanded metal with scissors so as to have a constant interval in the area partitioned by the above, a tear hole is made in the sandbag below the notch, and each pot seedling 9 is inserted into the sandbag 5 from above. Then, the tear hole of the sandbag on the upper surface of the pot seedling is closed by hand by drawing fibers by hand.

[Soil Contents] In the coconut fiber soil sack arranged in Example 1 in the concrete block 1 on the high water revetment, the seed-mixed vegetation base material used per 10 blocks was used as follows. Seeds: Tall Fuesk Safari 88gr, Perennial Ryegrass Navajo 54gr, Bermudagrass U3 9
gr Base material: 1 kgr of advanced chemical fertilizer (15-15-15), 1 kgr of slow-acting fertilizer (High Control 180), 19 bags of bark compost (8 mm 40 liters), clay (20 kg)
r) 50 bags 3 bags of perlite (100 liters), 2 kgr of agglomerated material,
2 bags of fiber (20 liters) As a pot seedling, the upper two rows (a) in FIG. 1 (A)
10 seasonal Nadeshiko, 2 seasons 2 (b), 10 seasonal Hemerocallis, and lower row 1 (c), Matsubagi 5
I planted a book.

[Test Construction 2 (FIGS. 5 and 6)] This is a construction of the concrete block 1 of the low water revetment having the same structure as the concrete block of the high water revetment of the construction example 1. Instead of using a large sandbag, three vertical sandbags were used. That is, the sandbag is divided into two types by vertical bolt rows,
mm, 200 mm long slender sandbags 5 ′ and 5 ′, and a middle sandbag having a vertical length of 1000 mm and a horizontal length of 600 mm 5 ″ were used. There are 6 reeds (△ mark), 5 gama (x mark), 5 makomo (○ mark) due to low water revetment
A book was used.

That is, since the second embodiment is a low water revetment, from the viewpoint of emphasizing the prevention of sucking out the contents of the sandbag by running water, damage to the bolts 4 caused by the penetration of the bolt 4 can be avoided even when the sandbag is installed, and the pot seedling can be used. Aquatic plants were applied.
The high seawall and lowwater seawall in the test construction were exposed to floods, but the desired effect was achieved due to the function of preventing the suction of sandbags made of coconut fiber non-woven fabric and the fixed structure of the sandbags. . The results of the follow-up survey of the results of the trial construction are shown in the table below:

[0027]

[Table 1]

[Others] In the case of a low-water embankment concrete block, if a large part of the bottom surface of the concave portion is opened to communicate with the ground and the occupied area of the concave portion with respect to the block surface is increased, the sandbag made of coconut fiber nonwoven fabric is used. By making pot seedlings suitable plants such as willows under the durability and strong protection of sandbag shape retaining nets and stoppers, the vegetation will have strong roots in the ground and concrete Permanent greening is possible even on revetments.

When the shape-retaining net and the stopper are made of a material such as wood that can be reduced to soil, the soil is made of non-woven coconut fiber, and at the time of permanent greening of the concrete block revetment, all is reduced to soil. Good natural environment greening is possible. In addition, it is preferable that the pot container for the pot seedlings is made of natural fiber such as paper, because it is reduced to soil during permanent greening. Further, as a fastening means of the sandbag opening O, one separate string for fastening is inserted through both sheets of the opening, and the opening is closed by pulling both ends of one string. May be fastened in the form of a purse.

[0030]

The upper surface of the sandbag is protected by the shape-retaining net, and the shape-retaining net is also held by the stopper, so that even if it is washed by a rapid current or a flowing rock during a flood, it flows out of the concave portion of the concrete block. Since the sandbag is made of coconut fiber, the long service life and the growth of the roots of the roots due to the porosity are helped, and the revetment concrete block of the river can be permanently planted with Aimata.

Further, since the pot seedlings are inserted from the top surface of the coconut fiber non-woven sandbag, the revetment block can be revegetated in a more natural vegetation ecology and a more beautiful revegetation ecology by appropriately selecting the vegetation seedlings.

Vegetable soils made of coconut fiber non-woven fabric have the longest durable life among natural fibers, high tensile strength, and are porous, and the fiber sheet has an entangled form (non-woven form). As a result, it is possible to prevent the enclosed contents from being sucked out by running water, and also to help the rooting of the plant, and protect the sandbag until the plant has grown and fully rooted regardless of the vegetation or seed plant. Therefore, it is an innovative vegetation soil that enables greening even under severe conditions.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a construction example of the present invention, (A) is an overall plan view, and (B) is a schematic side view.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 1A of the present invention.

3A and 3B are explanatory views of a sandbag according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 3A is a developed plan view of a sandbag forming sheet, and FIG. 3B is a plan view of a sewn sandbag.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a sheet for preparing a sandbag according to the present invention.

5A and 5B show a second construction example of the present invention, wherein FIG. 5A is an overall plan view, and FIG. 5B is a schematic side view.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 5A of the present invention.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are explanatory views of a conventional lightweight frame work + vegetable soil sand work + wire mesh work, and FIG. 7A is a schematic side view of the whole, and FIG. 7B is a partially enlarged view of FIG.

8A and 8B are explanatory views of a conventional filling mat upholstery and a soil pouring work, wherein FIG. 8A is a schematic side view of the entirety, and FIG. 8B is a partially enlarged view of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Concrete block 2 ... Recess 3 ... Buried nut 4 ... Double screw bolts 5,5 ', 5 "... Soil 6 ... Wire mesh 7 ... Stopping material 8 ... Vegetation base material 9 ... Pot seedling 10 ... Nut 50 ... Nonwoven fabric sheet 51 ... Tangle Nonwoven fabric sheet 52: adhesive spray layer

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-10-37377 (JP, A) JP-A-9-209378 (JP, A) JP-A-10-60925 (JP, A) JP-A-5-209 272147 (JP, A) JP-A-11-71760 (JP, A) JP-A-2-115413 (JP, A) JP-A-63-206519 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E02D 29/02 311 E02B 3/04 301 E02D 17/20 102 E02D 17/20 103

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. An anchor bolt (4) is erected on the bottom of a concave portion (2) of a seawall concrete block (1), and a coconut fiber nonwoven fabric sandbag (5, 5 ', 5 ") is attached to the anchor bolt.
The retaining net (6) for covering the upper surface of the concave portion (2) is placed on the sandbag, and the stopper member (7) Through the anchor bolt (4) and the upper end, then the sandbag (5, 5 ',
5 ″) A method of injecting and filling seed-incorporated vegetation base material (8) into the inside to inflate the sandbag to the upper surface of the concrete block concave portion, and then fixing the stopper (7) to the anchor bolt (4). Seawall greening method. 2. The revetment revetment method according to claim 1, wherein the shape-retaining net (6) is made of metal and the stopper (7) is a metal strip. 3. A sandbag made of coconut fiber nonwoven fabric (5,
The revetment revegetation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pot seedling (9) is inserted from above into 5 ', 5 "). 4. An adhesive spray layer (52) is provided on one surface of a nonwoven fabric sheet (50) formed by entanglement of coconut fibers (f).
Forming and placing the adhesive spray layer (52) on the inner surface of the bag.
Then, the nonwoven fabric sheet (50) is sutured to form a bag,
Vegetable soils made of non-woven coconut fiber with at least one inlet (O). 5. The sheet (50) has a fiber length of 10 to 1
5 cm coconut fiber (f) is weighed 500-900 gr /
m ^2, and entangled nonwoven fabric sheet having a thickness of 10 to 20 mm (51), according to claim 4 of coconut fiber nonwoven fabric formed adhesive spray layer of adhesive was spray applied in 80~110gr / m ² (52) on one side Soil for vegetation. 6. A sheet (50) is folded in two, three sides are sewn (T ₀ ), an opening (O) is formed in one corner, and the suture (T) is sewn to the opening (O). The vegetation soil bag made of a coconut fiber nonwoven fabric according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the end portion is an extension (T ') for fastening.