JP3220059B2 - Method and apparatus for placing concrete for tunnel using formwork with variable cross section - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a sectional shape of a tunnel excavated surface excavated in accordance with an excavation condition based on rock strength, or a sectional shape of a tunnel corresponding to a straight portion or a curved portion of a tunnel. Widen or narrow the formwork,
The present invention relates to a concrete casting method for tunnels and an apparatus therefor, which can efficiently place concrete for secondary lining. In this specification, “placement”
It means that fluid concrete that has not been cured and cured is filled between the formwork and the concrete for tunnel excavation or primary lining.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Originally, in a single tunnel, the width of a tunnel excavated surface and the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel are slightly different depending on the state of excavation due to the strength of rock mass.

In a single tunnel, a straight line and a curved line are often mixed. In this case, the tunnel width of the curved portion is larger than that of the straight portion, and the tunnel excavation surface width and the tunnel sectional shape are excavated. (See FIGS. 15 and 16).

[0004] This is because a difference in the inner race is generated between the front part and the rear part of the vehicle passing through the tunnel in the curved part of the tunnel. The tunnel width of the section is secured wider than the tunnel width of the straight section.

[0005] Further, a formwork for placing concrete for secondary lining is provided on both sides of a top-end form, which is one piece.
The side foams, which are one-piece, are respectively arranged, and are moved in the tunnel excavation direction to sequentially cast concrete for secondary lining.

When placing concrete for secondary lining into a tunnel having a plurality of cross-sectional shapes, two types of foams having different shapes, such as a double-sided foam and a lower-end foam, for example, a linear one and a curved (arc) one are used. Prepared, exchanged in the tunnel, cast concrete for secondary lining, or prepared two forms with different shapes of foam on both sides and lower end form in advance, for widening or narrow width, for straight section Alternatively, the concrete for the secondary lining was cast by properly using the curved part.

In FIGS. 15 and 16, reference numeral 14 denotes a tunnel, and A, B and C denote tunnel cross sections.

[0008]

Conventionally, in casting concrete for secondary lining, foams on both sides and a lower end are formed at a place where a tunnel width and a tunnel cross-sectional shape are different due to rock strength, or a straight portion and a curved portion of a tunnel. When the form is replaced, it takes about seven days to replace the form, which has been a problem in that the work is significantly delayed.

Further, in the method of using the formwork properly at a place where the tunnel width and the tunnel cross-sectional shape are different, since two formworks are always used, not only does the work in the tunnel become troublesome, It is necessary to precisely calculate the length of the portion where the tunnel width and the tunnel cross-sectional shape are different to cast concrete for secondary lining, which has been a problem because it is very troublesome.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above drawbacks, the present invention provides a formwork which can be easily widened and narrowed in accordance with the tunnel width, and which can efficiently cast concrete for secondary lining with a variable sectional shape. It is an object of the present invention to provide a concrete casting method for tunnels and a device therefor.

[0011]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The method of the present invention is a method of placing concrete for secondary lining into a tunnel through a form having a top end foam and both side foams arranged on a gantry. In, while each form is divided into a plurality of in the circumferential direction of the form, each divided form, a concave portion formed at both circumferential edges of each form,
L is fixed to the lower edge of the recess with the open side facing outward.
A mold member, cover plates fixed to both longitudinal edges of the L-shaped member, a pivot pin pivotally attached to each cover plate to be coupled, and an elastic body fitted in each concave portion to be coupled. , Through a hinge mechanism consisting of a rotatable connection, the cross-sectional shape of the formwork can be changed, and each foam is expanded or narrowed through the hinge mechanism in accordance with the perimeter of the tunnel. The space between the foams formed by the hinge mechanism is covered with an elastic body to prevent the secondary lining concrete to be poured from entering the formwork, and the secondary lining concrete is poured into the tunnel. A feature, or a hinge mechanism, is attached to one circumferential edge of each foam, an L-shaped member having an upper side extending outward and fixed thereto, and a circumferential other end edge of each foam. And another L-shaped member in which the upper side portion is inwardly contracted and fixed, A cover plate which is secured to both edges of the L-shaped member, and a pivot pin is pivotally connected to the covering plate to be coupled, which is constituted by.

[0012] The apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus for placing concrete for secondary lining in a tunnel through a mold having a top end foam and both side foams arranged on a gantry. Each form is divided into a plurality of parts with respect to the direction, and each divided form is fixed to a concave portion formed at both ends in the circumferential direction of each form and a lower edge of the concave portion, with the open side facing outward. L-shaped member, a cover plate fixed to both longitudinal edges of the L-shaped member, a pivot pin pivotally attached to each cover plate to be coupled, and an elastic fit into each recess to be coupled. Through the hinge mechanism consisting of the body and
Each form is widened or narrowed via a hinge mechanism in accordance with the perimeter of the tunnel, and the space between the forms created by the hinge mechanism is covered with an elastic body and driven. To prevent intrusion of the secondary lining concrete into the formwork, and to cast the secondary lining concrete into the tunnel, or to provide a hinge mechanism to one end of each form in the circumferential direction. An L-shaped member having an upper side extending outward and fixed to the edge, and another L-shaped member having the upper side contracted inward and fixed to the other end in the circumferential direction of each foam. , A cover plate fixed to both ends of both L-shaped members, and a pivot pin pivotally attached to each cover plate to be connected.

[0013]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A concrete casting device for a tunnel according to the present invention has the following configuration as shown in FIGS.

The formwork 12 used in the present invention comprises a tunnel 1
4 is for placing the concrete 16 for secondary lining into the gantry 4. A top end form 20, both side forms 22, 22 and both lower end forms 24, 24 are disposed on a gantry 18, and each form 20, 22 and 24 are extendable and contractible.

In the present embodiment, the expansion and contraction means of the top end foam 20 is a hydraulic jack 26 mounted on the gantry 18, and the two side foams 22, 22 and both lower end foams 2 are provided.
The expansion / contraction means 4 and 24 are hydraulic jacks 28 and 30 individually mounted on the respective foams 22 and 24.

The top end form 2 extends in the circumferential direction of the
The two forms 0, 22 and 22 are divided, and the divided forms 20, 22 and 22 are rotatably connected via a hinge mechanism 32.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the hinge mechanism 32 has recesses 52 formed at both circumferential edges of each of the foams 20, 22, 22, and a lower edge of the recess 52. An L-shaped member 34 is fixed with the open side of the L-shaped member facing outward, and a cover plate 38 having a through hole 36 for a rotating shaft formed at both longitudinal edges of the L-shaped member 34. A pivot pin 40 is pivotally attached to the pivot shaft through hole 36 of each of the forms 20, 22, 22 to be fixed and coupled, and an elastic body 54 is placed in the concave portion 52 of each of the coupled forms 20, 22, 22. It is made to fit.

The space 42 generated when each of the foams 20, 22, 22 is rotated can be covered by the elastic body 54 fitted in the concave portion 52 of the hinge mechanism 32.

Each of the divided forms 20, 2
A space 42 for rotating each of the forms 20, 22, 22 is formed between the two 2, 22 (see FIG. 3).

In the figure, reference numeral 46 denotes a concrete placing surface for the primary lining, 58 denotes a tunnel floor surface, and 62 denotes a concrete placing portion for the secondary lining.

The method of placing the concrete 16 for secondary lining into the tunnel 14 having a short circumference as shown by reference numeral A in FIG. 16 and FIG. 5 using the present apparatus will be described in detail below.

First, the mold 12 is moved to a predetermined position in the tunnel 14.

At this time, the side opposite to the tunnel excavation side of the formwork 12 needs to be overlapped with the already placed concrete laying portion 62 for secondary lining.

Next, the peripheral edge of the formwork 12 on the tunnel excavation side is securely covered (stopped).

Next, an elastic body 54 is fitted into the concave portion 52 of the hinge mechanism 32 between the foams 20, 22, 22 to cover the space 42 between the foams 20, 22, 22.

The lower end foams 24 are positioned in advance so as to be in close contact with the lower edges of both side foams 22, 22, so that a gap is formed between the lower end forms 24, 24 and both side foams 22, 22. Need to be kept away.

Next, the concrete placing surface 4 for the primary lining
The concrete 16 for secondary lining is cast between the mold 6 and the mold 12, and the concrete 16 for secondary lining is cured and hardened.

Next, the mold 12 is removed.

Through the above steps, the placement of the secondary lining concrete at the location where the formwork 12 is installed is completed.

Using this apparatus, reference numerals B, C,
A method of placing the concrete 16 for secondary lining into the tunnel 14 having a long circumference as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 will be described in detail below.

First, the mold 12 is moved to a predetermined position of the tunnel 14, and the top end form 20 and the two side forms 22, which are divided into a plurality corresponding to the perimeter of the tunnel, are rotated via the hinge mechanism 32. With the form 12
Is widened.

At this time, an elastic body 54 is fitted into the concave portion 52 of the hinge mechanism 32 between the foams 20, 22, 22, and
The space 42 between each of the foams 20, 22, 22 is covered.

Next, the lower end forms 24, 24 are extended via the hydraulic jack 30 so as to be in close contact with the lower end edges of the both side forms 22, 22.
A gap is not created between the foams 22 and 22 (see FIG. 6).

If a gap 48 is formed between the foams 22, 22 even when the lower end foam 24 is extended, the gap 48 is interposed between the foams 22, 24, thereby forming the gap 48. Cover (see FIG. 7).

Thereafter, the side opposite to the tunnel excavation side of the formwork 12 is superimposed with the concrete placing portion 62 for secondary lining to cover the periphery of the formwork 12 on the tunnel excavation side (wife stop).
Casting, curing and curing of concrete 16 for secondary lining, formwork 1
2 is sequentially removed from the mold.

Through the above steps, the placement of the secondary lining concrete at the location where the formwork 12 is installed is completed.

The casting of the secondary lining concrete is performed by sequentially moving the formwork 12 toward the tunnel excavation side.
This is performed over the entire length of the tunnel 14.

In FIGS. 5 to 7, reference numeral 60 denotes an auxiliary joint, and the length relationship of L, l, M, and m is such that l is longer than L and m
Is longer than M.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show another example of the hinge mechanism 32. FIG.

The hinge mechanism 32 of the present embodiment has
The L-shaped member 34 is provided on one edge of the circumferential direction of 0, 22, 22.
The open side of the L-shape faces outward and the upper side portion 56 extends outward and is fixed, and through holes 36 for the rotating shaft are drilled at both longitudinal edges of the L-shape member 34. The covered plate 38 is fixed, and another L-shaped member 34 faces the other end edge of each of the foams 20, 22, 22 in the circumferential direction, with the L-shaped open side facing outward.
In addition, the upper side 56 is inwardly contracted and fixed,
At both ends in the longitudinal direction of both L-shaped members 34, the through holes 3 for the rotating shaft are provided.
A cover plate 38 having a perforated 6 is fixed, and a pivot pin 4 is inserted into a through hole 36 for a pivot shaft of each of the forms 20, 22, 22 to be joined.
0 is pivotally connected.

One form 2 which is the hinge mechanism 32
0,22,22, the upper side 56 of the outwardly extending L-shaped member 34 is attached to the other foam 20,22,2.
2 can be covered.

FIGS. 10 to 14 show another example of the hinge mechanism 32. FIG.

The hinge mechanism 32 of the present embodiment has
L-shaped members 34 are provided at both ends in the circumferential direction of 0, 22, 22.
The L-shaped member is fixed with its open side facing outward, and a cover plate 38 having a through hole 36 for a rotating shaft is fixed to both ends in the longitudinal direction of the L-shaped member 34 and should be joined. Each form 2
The rotating pins 40 are pivotally mounted on the rotating shaft through holes 36 of the rotating shafts 0, 22, and 22, and the hinges 32 connect the respective forms 20, 22, and 22 to be freely rotatable.

In this example, each of the forms 20, 22, 2
2 is rotated to widen the formwork 12, and as shown in FIG. 11, there is no problem in the case where the spaces between the respective foams 20, 22, 22 are brought into close contact and the space 42 disappears, but as shown in FIG. If the space 42 remains without the spaces between the foams 20, 22, and 22, the concrete 16 for secondary lining enters the formwork 16 when the concrete 16 for secondary lining is poured. In order to prevent the occurrence of such a problem, a flat plate-like covering body 44 for covering the space 42 is provided with each of the foams 20, 22, 22.
Attach in between.

Further, as shown in FIG.
If there is a step between the foams 20, 22, 22 even when the layers 0, 22, 22 are in close contact with each other, a cover 44 is attached between the foams 20, 22, 22 to eliminate the step. (See FIG. 14).

In all the examples, the top end foam 20,
Form 22 on both sides and form 24,2 on both lower ends
The expansion and contraction means 4 is all based on a hydraulic jack, but may be another movement means such as a screw motor or another expansion and contraction mechanism.

In all the examples, the formwork 12 has both lower end forms 24, 24 below the both side forms 22, 22.
Are arranged, but both lower end forms 24,
If 24 is omitted, it is obvious that the covering foam 50 is interposed between the two side foams 22 and 22 and the tunnel floor 58 and used.

In this embodiment, the concrete is cast in a substantially semicircular tunnel or the like.
For example, it can be used for underwater tunnels, sewers, and the like.

[0049]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the method and the apparatus for placing concrete for a tunnel using a formwork whose cross-sectional shape can be changed according to the present invention, the top form and both sides of the formwork for placing concrete for secondary lining are provided. The concrete for secondary lining is cast by dividing the form into a plurality of parts and connecting the divided forms rotatably via a hinge mechanism including an L-shaped member, a concave portion, a rotating pin, and an elastic body. The cross-sectional shape is adjusted each time according to the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel to be formed, and it is possible to prevent the concrete required for secondary lining to be poured into the formwork, and the secondary covering can be efficiently performed by one device. Can be used to cast concrete for construction.

Further, since the hinge mechanism is constituted by the L-shaped member, the concave portion, the rotating pin, and the elastic body, it is not necessary to individually cover a space between the foams generated by the hinge mechanism, thereby improving the work efficiency. Can be done.

Further, the hinge mechanism has an L extending outward.
Since the space between the foams formed by the hinge mechanism can be covered by the upper side of the L-shaped member extending outward by forming the mold member and the L-shaped member contracted inward. In addition, a cover member different from the hinge mechanism is not required, and the structure can be simplified.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of an apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the same.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged front view of a hinge mechanism.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged front view showing the rotating state.

FIG. 5 is a front view of a main part showing a use state of the device according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a front view of a main part showing a use state of the same.

FIG. 7 is a front view of a main part showing a use state of the same.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged front view of another hinge mechanism.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged front view showing the rotation state.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged front view of still another hinge mechanism.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged front view showing the rotating state.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged front view showing the usage state of the covering body.

FIG. 13 is an enlarged front view showing the rotating state of the hinge mechanism.

FIG. 14 is an enlarged front view showing the usage state of the covering body.

FIG. 15 is a plan view showing tunnels having different tunnel cross sections.

FIG. 16 is a front view of the same.

[Explanation of symbols]

 12 Formwork 14 Tunnel 16 Secondary lining concrete 18 Gantry 20 Top end form 22 Side form 24 Lower end form 32 Hinge mechanism 34 L-shaped member 38 Cover plate 40 Rotating pin 42 Space 52 Depression 54 Elastic body 56 Upper side (L 58) Tunnel floor

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21D 11/10 E04G 9/00

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A form (12) comprising a gantry (18) having a top foam (20) and two side foams (22), (22).
Through the secondary lining concrete (1
6) In the method of casting, each form (20), (22), (22)
And a plurality of divided forms (20), (2
2) and (22) are formed with concave portions (52) formed on both circumferential edges of each of the foams (20), (22) and (22). An L-shaped member (34) fixed outward and a cover plate (38) fixed to both longitudinal edges of the L-shaped member (34)
A pivot pin (40) pivotally attached to each cover plate (38) to be coupled; and an elastic body (54) fitted in each concave portion (52) to be coupled. ), It is possible to change the cross-sectional shape of the formwork (12) by connecting it rotatably, and according to the circumference of the tunnel (14), each form (20), (2)
2) and (22) are widened or narrowed through the hinge mechanism (32), and each of the foams (20) and (2) generated by the hinge mechanism (32).
The space (42) between (2) and (22) is covered with an elastic body (54) to prevent the concrete (16) to be poured into the form (12) from entering the formwork (12). 14) Inside concrete for secondary lining
(16) A method for placing concrete for a tunnel using a formwork whose cross-sectional shape can be changed, wherein the method comprises placing (16). 2. A hinge mechanism (32) is attached to one circumferential edge of each of the foams (20), (22), (22) with the open side facing outward and the upper side (56) facing outward. The L-shaped member (34) extended and fixed to the other end of each of the foams (20), (22), and (22) in the circumferential direction, with the open side facing outward and the upper side ( Another L-shaped member (34) in which the 56 (56) is compressed inward and fixed, and a cover plate (3) fixed to both longitudinal edges of both L-shaped members (34)
8) and a pivot pin (40) pivotally attached to each of the cover plates (38) to be joined, the outer pin being fixed to one of the foams (20), (22), (22). The space (42) formed between the other foams (20), (22), and (22) is covered by the upper side portion (56) of the L-shaped member (34) extending toward the outside. The method for placing concrete for a tunnel using a mold whose cross-sectional shape can be changed according to claim 1. 3. Concrete for secondary lining in a tunnel (14) through a formwork (12) having a top end foam (20) and both side foams (22) disposed on a gantry (18). In the apparatus for placing (16), each form (20), (22), (22)
And a plurality of divided forms (20), (2
2) and (22) are recesses (52) formed on both circumferential edges of each of the foams (20), (22) and (22), and the lower edge of the recess (52) is An L-shaped member (34) fixed outward and a cover plate (38) fixed to both longitudinal edges of the L-shaped member (34)
A hinge pin (40) pivotally attached to each cover plate (38) to be coupled, and an elastic body (54) fitted into each concave portion (52) to be coupled. ), And is rotatably connected to each of the foams (20), (2) according to the circumference of the tunnel (14).
2) and (22) are widened or narrowed through the hinge mechanism (32), and each of the foams (20) and (2) generated by the hinge mechanism (32).
The space (42) between (2) and (22) is covered with an elastic body (54) to prevent the concrete (16) for secondary lining to be poured from entering the formwork (12), and 14) Inside concrete for secondary lining
(16) A concrete placing device for a tunnel using a formwork whose cross-sectional shape can be changed, wherein the device is placed. 4. A hinge mechanism (32) is attached to one circumferential edge of each of the foams (20), (22), (22) with the open side facing outward and the upper side (56) facing outward. The L-shaped member (34) extended and fixed to the other end of each of the foams (20), (22), and (22) in the circumferential direction, with the open side facing outward and the upper side ( Another L-shaped member (34) in which the 56 (56) is compressed inward and fixed, and a cover plate (3) fixed to both longitudinal edges of both L-shaped members (34)
8) and a pivot pin (40) pivotally attached to each of the cover plates (38) to be joined, the outer pin being fixed to one of the foams (20), (22), (22). The space (42) formed between the other foams (20), (22), and (22) is covered by the upper side portion (56) of the L-shaped member (34) extending toward the outside. 4. The concrete placing device for tunnels according to claim 3, wherein the sectional shape can be changed.