JP3193131B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to electronic musical instruments such as synthesizers, electronic pianos, and electronic keyboards.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional PCM wave reproducing synthesizer is:
Key information such as a key number and information such as a tone color are assigned to any one of a plurality of simultaneously sounding channels provided in the tone generating section, and a PCM sound source from a PCM waveform memory is generated based on the key information and the tone color information. The apparatus is configured to generate a tone signal by reading information and processing amplitude, envelope, and the like, and generate a corresponding tone.

[0003]

The PCM wave reproduction synthesizer constructed as described above is characterized in that the reproduction of raw sound, which is a characteristic of the PCM wave reproduction synthesizer, has been further polished, but the depth of sound or the temporality of sound. There is still a difference from the raw sound in the point of change. Also, there was a limit in creating a new tone unique to synthesizers.

Accordingly, the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument capable of obtaining a musical tone closer to a raw sound and rich in temporal changes of musical tone components such as timbres, and various musical tones unique to an electronic musical instrument. With the goal.

[0005]

An electronic musical instrument according to the present invention comprises:
An electronic musical instrument capable of allocating one key information to a plurality of sounding channels and generating a musical tone corresponding to the key information from the plurality of sounding channels. Sounding / muting timing setting means for setting sounding timing and silencing timing; and a sounding repetition cycle according to the sounding timing and silence timing set for each sounding channel and whether or not to repeat sounding. Sounding loop instructing means for instructing each sounding channel in accordance with the setting by the sounding / muting timing setting means and the instruction by the sounding loop instructing means. Things.

[0006]

According to the present invention configured as described above, the pronunciation and
According to the setting by the silence timing setting means, it is possible to make the sound of the plurality of sound channels to which the same key information is assigned and the silence timing different from each other so that the sound of the same pitch is sounded from each sound channel.
In addition, according to the instruction by the sound generation loop instructing means, for a certain sound generation channel, the sound generation set for the channel and the sound reproduction at the mute timing can be repeated (sound generation loop). The repetition period may be different between the sounding channels to be generated. By causing such a sound to be generated, sounds of the same pitch generated from a plurality of sound channels are asynchronously overlapped, and as a result, the volume,
All elements of the sound, such as the phase and harmonics, are combined to obtain a deep musical sound rich in temporal changes.

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a block diagram for explaining a schematic configuration of a PCM wave reproduction synthesizer embodying the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a keyboard 1, an operation panel 2, a CPU 3, a ROM 4, a RAM 5, a tone generation circuit 6,
The clock generators 7 are each connected to a bus line 20 such as a data bus and an address bus, and are configured to mutually transmit and receive data.

The keyboard unit 1 is composed of one or a plurality of keys including a plurality of keys and a key switch provided corresponding to each of the keys. The key switch is configured to detect a key press and a key release and also detect a key operation speed.

The operation panel unit 2 is provided with a tempo setting switch 2a for setting a tempo, a parameter setting switch 2b for setting various parameters, which will be described later, for determining the sounding and mute timing of each sounding channel, and instructs repetition of sounding. Loop instruction switch 2c, a fixed / tempo selection switch 2d for clock selection, a channel number instruction switch 2e for indicating the number of sounding channels to which one key information should be assigned, rhythm, tone, volume, effect, etc. There are various controls (not shown) for setting.

The CPU 3 performs a scan process of each key switch of the keyboard unit 1 and a scan process of each operation element of the operation panel unit 2 in accordance with a program stored in the ROM 4 to operate each key of the keyboard unit 1 (operation state). Key depression, key release, key number of the operated key, velocity related to key operation speed, etc.) and the operation state of each operation element of the operation panel unit 2 are detected, and processing corresponding to the operation of each key or operation element is executed. At the same time, an automatic performance based on the automatic performance data and various processes described later are executed.

The ROM 4 stores a work program of the CPU 3 and PCM waveform data, and also stores, as preset data, automatic performance data used for performing an automatic performance and parameter data for determining sounding, mute timing, and the like. I have. The automatic performance data includes a tone color number for specifying the type of tone, a key number (key information) for specifying the type of key, a step time indicating a sounding timing, a gate time indicating a sounding time, and a key-pressing speed (keying speed). (Size), a repeat mark indicating a repeat point, and the like.

The RAM 5 has a storage area for temporarily storing various kinds of information in the course of execution of various kinds of processing by the CPU 3 and for storing information obtained as a result of various kinds of processing, and a buffer as shown in FIG. 5a. This buffer 5
a has a storage area corresponding to each of the 32 tone generation channels provided in the tone generation circuit 6, and the storage areas corresponding to each channel have DELAY ON and DEL respectively.
AY OFF, LOOP END, LOOP, TIME
It is configured to store information such as BASE, MODE, and CNT. The DELAY ON information is a parameter for setting the time from when the key is turned on (KEY ON) to when the channel starts sounding (see FIG. 4), and has a value of 0 to 127. The DELAY OFF information is a parameter for setting the time from the start of sound generation to the stop of sound generation (muting) of the channel (see FIG. 4), and consists of values from 0 to 127. The LOOP END information is a parameter (see FIG. 4) for setting a time period from the stop of the sound generation of the channel to the end of one loop unit (LOOP UNIT) which is a sound repetition unit, and has a value of 0 to 127. The LOOP information is a parameter for instructing whether or not to repeat sound generation in units of the loop unit (ON / OFF). TI
ME BASE information is DELAY ON, DEL
This is a parameter for instructing whether each set time of AY OFF and LOOP END is measured based on a fixed cycle clock (FIX) or a clock (CLK) having a cycle corresponding to a tempo. The MODE information includes information indicating a mode set for the channel. The CNT information is information indicating the count value of the counter. The above parameter information is stored in ROM
4 is composed of preset data or edited data obtained by editing the preset data by operating the switch 2b of the operation panel unit 2. When the key information is assigned to each sounding channel, it is written into the corresponding storage area by the CPU 3. The contents of the MODE information and the CNT information are rewritten by the CPU 3 every time there is a change.

The tone generating circuit 6 has 32 tone generating (sound generating) channels, and is configured to be capable of generating 32 sounds simultaneously. The tone generating circuit 6 has a CP
The PCM sound source data is read from the ROM 4 based on key number information indicating each key sent from the U3, tone parameter information set by operation of each operation element, and the like, and the amplitude and envelope are processed to perform D / A conversion. Output to the container 8. The tone signal obtained from the D / A converter 8 is amplified by an amplifier 9 and provided to a speaker 10.

The clock generator 7 generates a clock FIX having a fixed fixed frequency (for example, 3 msec) and a tempo clock CLK having a frequency corresponding to the tempo of the music, and generates a clock C.
It is supplied to the interrupt input terminal of PU3.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the elementary features of the present invention. The assigner 30 which constitutes the tone generation control means of the present invention together with the tone generation circuit 6 includes key information (key number),
When tone information including tone color information or the like is given, the key information and tone color information are assigned to an empty channel of the tone generating circuit 6. At this time, when the assignment of key information to a plurality of sound channels is instructed by the assigned channel number information included in the sound information, the given one key information is assigned to the plurality of sound channels.

The tone / silence timing setting section 31 provides a DELAY for each tone channel to which each key information is assigned.
The tone generation timing and the mute timing are set based on information such as ON, DELAY OFF, and TIME BASE.

The sounding loop instructing section 32 provides a LOOP END for each sounding channel to which each key information is assigned.
The repetition period of the pronunciation is set by the information of
LO that instructs the pronunciation channel to repeat the pronunciation
The OP information is provided to the assigner 30. The assigner 30 outputs DELAY ON, DELAY OFF, DELAY OFF,
Information such as TIME BASE is obtained, and LOO set for each sounding channel from the sounding loop instructing section 32 is obtained.
Information such as P END and LOOP is obtained, and tone data is sent to the tone generating circuit 6 at a timing based on the parameter information. The tone generator 6 reads out the PCM sound source data from the waveform ROM 4a based on the tone data and processes the amplitude and envelope to form a tone signal.

To the assigner 30, a clock FIX having a fixed cycle and a tempo clock CLK having a cycle corresponding to the tempo set by the tempo setting section 33 based on the operation of the switch 2a are given from the clock generator 7. ,
The respective timings described above are configured based on the clock selected by the fixed / tempo selector 34 composed of the switch 2d.

With such a configuration, as shown in FIG. 4, for a plurality of tone channels i and j to which one piece of key information is given, the same or different timbres are set at the timing set for each. It is possible to make the pitch sound, mute or repeat the sound. still,
The assigner 30, a sound / silence timing setting unit 31,
The sound generation loop instructing unit 32 includes a CPU 3, a ROM 4, and an R
It is constituted by a microcomputer system composed of AM5.

FIG. 5 shows the flow of the main processing executed by the CPU 3. The CPU 3 starts the processing of the main routine by turning on the power of the electronic musical instrument, and first performs an initialization processing in step SP1. At this time, the registers in the RAM 5 are reset and the sound source is initialized.

Next, in step SP2, a key scan for checking the operation states of all keys of the keyboard unit 1 is performed, and when it is detected that there is a key that has been operated (key pressed, key released), sound generation for the key operation is performed. Processing such as silencing is performed.

Next, a panel process is performed in step SP3, the operation states of all the operators on the operation panel unit 2 are sequentially checked, and a process corresponding to the operation of the operators is performed. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step SP4 to perform an automatic performance process based on the automatic performance data, and performs other processes in step SP5, and returns to step SP2.
Step 5 is repeatedly executed. When the clock FIX or the tempo clock CLK is supplied from the clock generator 7 to the CPU 3 during these processes, the CPU 3
Executes a timer interrupt process or a ten pointer interrupt process, which will be described later, and performs tone generation and mute at a timing corresponding to the set parameter.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the contents of the key-on process executed by the CPU 3 in the key process of step SP2 of the main process shown in FIG. 5 or the automatic performance process of step SP4.

In this process, first, in step SP6, the CPU 3 obtains information on the number of used channels from the tone color data contained in the given sound information, and assigns the sound to the number of sound channels specified by the used number information. After one piece of key information and tone color information included in the information are assigned, the numbers of all the sounding channels to which the key information is assigned are obtained.

Next, in step SP7, predetermined parameters are set for each tone generation channel to which the key information has been assigned. As shown in FIG. 3, the setting of these parameters is as follows: DELAY ON, DELAY OFF, LO
OP END, TIME BASE, MODE, C
This is performed by writing each information of NT. At this time, MO
ON is written as DE information, and a value specified by DELAY ON information is written as CNT information.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the contents of the key-off process executed by the CPU 3 in the key process of step SP2 of the main process shown in FIG. 5 or the automatic performance process of step SP4.

In this process, the CPU 3 forcibly turns off (mutes) all the sound channels to which the key information corresponding to the key that has been turned off is assigned.
M of the buffer 5a corresponding to the channel turned off
The ODE information is set to NON USE (not used).

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the flow of a timer interrupt process executed by the CPU 3 when the fixed cycle clock FIX is given.

First, in step SP9, the CPU 3 sets the channel number n to n = 1 and designates the first sounding channel, and then in step SP10, sets the TIME BASE of the sounding channel to the fixed period clock FI.
It is determined whether or not X is set with reference to the buffer 5a. Here, TIME BASE is a fixed cycle clock FI
If it is set to X, the process proceeds to the mode determination process of the next step SP11. If the TIME BASE is set to the tempo clock CLK, the process proceeds to the process for the next sounding channel with the channel number set to n + 1 in step SP28. .

In step SP11, MODE determination is performed with reference to the buffer 5a, and the M set at that time is determined.
The process proceeds to the next process according to the ODE. That is, if the MODE information is ON, the process proceeds to step SP12 to decrement the count value CNT of the counter of the corresponding channel of the buffer 5a by 1, and determines whether or not the count value has become 0 in step SP13. Then, when it is detected that the count value has become 0, that is, the lapse of the DELAYON time, the generation of the corresponding musical tone is started in step SP14. Thereafter, the MODE information is turned off in step SP15, the value of the DELAY OFF information set for the channel is written as the count information CNT in step SP16, and the process proceeds to step SP28 and thereafter.

If the MODE information is OFF, the process proceeds to step SP17, where the count value CNT of the counter of the corresponding channel of the buffer 5a is decremented by 1, and the process proceeds to step SP17.
At 18, it is determined whether or not the count value has become zero.
And when the count value becomes 0, that is, DELAY
When the elapse of the OFF time is detected, the tone generation of the corresponding musical tone is stopped in step SP19. Then step SP
In step 20, the MODE information is set to LOOP, and step SP21 is performed.
Write the value of LOOP END information set for the channel as count information CNT at
The process moves to step SP28 and subsequent steps.

If the MODE information is LOOP,
Proceeding to step SP22, the count value CNT of the counter of the corresponding channel of the buffer 5a is decremented by one, and
At P23, it is determined whether or not the count value has become 0. Then, when the count value becomes 0, that is, LOOP
When the elapse of the END time is detected, step SP24 is performed.
To determine whether or not the LOOP information set for the channel is ON. If the LOOP information is ON, that is, if an instruction to repeat sound generation is given, step SP25
After the MODE information is turned ON in step SP26, the value of the DELAY ON information set for the channel is written as the count information CNT in step SP26, and the process proceeds to step SP28 and thereafter. If the LOOP information is OFF in step SP24, that is, if no repetition of sound generation is instructed, step SP2
In step 7, the MODE information is set to NONUSE (not used), and the flow advances to step SP28.

Step SP10 to step SP28
Is performed for each of the sound channels 1-32.
When the processing for the second sounding channel ends, the process returns to the main routine (step SP29).

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the flow of a ten pointer interrupt process executed by the CPU 3 when the tempo clock CLK is given.

In this process, the CPU 3 first sets the channel number n to n = 1 in step SP30 and designates the first sounding channel, and then sets the TIME BASE of the sounding channel as the tempo clock CLK in step SP31. Buffer 5 whether or not
The judgment is made with reference to a. If the TIME BASE is set to the tempo clock CLK, the process proceeds to the next mode determination process in step SP32, and the TIME BASE is set.
If E is the fixed cycle clock FIX, the process moves to step SP49. Step SP32
The processing of steps SP50 to SP50 is the same as the processing of steps SP11 to SP29 in the timer interrupt processing of FIG. 8, and a description thereof will be omitted.

As described above, according to the above-described embodiment, DELAY ON, DELAY OFF, LO written in the storage area corresponding to each tone generation channel of the buffer 5a.
Based on parameter information such as OPEN, LOOP, TIME BASE, etc., it is possible to obtain the same pitch or the same timbre with the same or different timbre at different timings and to repeat the pronunciation from a plurality of tone generation channels to which the same key information is assigned. As a result, it is possible to obtain a deep musical tone rich in temporal changes due to the same pitch being asynchronously overlapped. In addition, the operation of the switch 2d causes the clock FIX to be output.
Alternatively, when CLK is selected, TIME BASE information as the selection information is written into the buffer 5a,
The timer interrupt of FIG. 8 or the tempo clock interrupt of FIG. 9 is selected and executed based on the TIME BASE information,
Musical sounds are produced and silenced. Therefore, TIME BA
When the tempo clock CLK is selected as the SE information, a predetermined tone generation of each tone generation channel is performed based on the tempo clock CLK having a cycle corresponding to the tempo of the music.
Since the time of the silence timing is measured, a phrase corresponding to the tempo can be obtained, and a musical tone having a temporal change such as a timbre according to the tempo can be obtained.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described above.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various effective changes can be made based on the technical idea of the present invention. For example, the above-mentioned clocks FIX and CLK may be obtained not from one clock generator 7 but from separate timers. Further, when the key is turned on (KEY ON), as shown in FIG.
Set the ON section, then DELAY OFF and LO
The repetition of LOOP UNIT composed of OP END may be performed. In this case, a deep musical tone with more temporal variation can be obtained.

[0039]

As described above, according to the present invention, one key information is assigned to a plurality of tone generation channels, and the same pitches of the same or different timbres are reproduced and repeated at different timings from the plurality of tone generation channels. Is obtained so that a deep musical tone rich in temporal changes due to the non-synchronous overlap of sounds of the same pitch emitted from each sounding channel can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the elementary features of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a PCM wave reproduction synthesizer embodying the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the contents of a buffer for storing parameter information.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a tone generation state in each tone generation channel to which the same key information is assigned.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the PCM wave reproduction synthesizer of the embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the PCM wave reproduction synthesizer of the embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the PCM wave reproduction synthesizer of the embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the PCM wave reproduction synthesizer of the embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the PCM wave reproduction synthesizer of the embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a modification of the sounding timing.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Keyboard part 2 Operation panel part 3 CPU 4 ROM5 RAM 5a buffer 6 Musical sound generation circuit 7 Clock generator 30 Assigner (channel distributor) 31 Sounding / silence timing setting part 32 Sounding loop instruction part 33 Tempo setting part 34 Fixed / tempo Selection section

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. An electronic musical instrument capable of allocating one key information to a plurality of sound channels and generating a tone corresponding to the key information from the plurality of sound channels, wherein the key information is assigned. Sounding / silencing timing setting means for setting a sounding timing and a silencing timing for each sounding channel; and a sounding repetition cycle and a sounding repetition cycle corresponding to the sounding timing and the silencing timing set for each sounding channel
Sounding loop instructing means for instructing, for each sounding channel, whether or not repetition is to be performed ; An electronic musical instrument comprising: a sound control means for controlling sound generation.