JP3439312B2 - Electronic musical instrument pitch controller - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pitch control device for an electronic musical instrument used for, for example, a synthesizer, an electronic piano, an electronic organ, a single keyboard, a sound source module, etc., and particularly to a pitch control according to a timbre to be produced and a key number. It relates to a pitch control device that enables it.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, electronic circuit technology typified by LSI technology can be used to easily control the pitch digitally by using a "program counter method", a "frequency number method" or the like as a method of generating a musical tone signal. It is like this.

For example, in the "frequency number system", by performing a digital time-division operation, pitch frequencies of a plurality of sound generation channels are simultaneously generated in a single circuit,
It became possible to express real-time operation by digitally processing the frequency number data.

Also, in terms of pitch setting, the error in pitch setting accuracy can be easily fixed to about 1% by digital processing. It became possible to set the correct pitch with a pitch difference of about a cent.

Further, by digitally controlling the correspondence between the pitch frequency and the keyboard, it is possible to instantly transpose to any key and then generate a musical sound.

However, as seen in the prior art, the control using the temperament data common to each timbre cannot express the heavy resonance in the performance of a classical orchestra, for example, and there is a great gap between the electronic musical instrument and the electronic musical instrument. Improvement is required.

This is because the temperament of each acoustic musical instrument used in an orchestra is such that some musical instruments are close to 12 equal temperament, other musical instruments are close to just temperament and Pythagoras temperament, and each instrument has a subtle pitch. This is because there is a big difference and it is not possible to express profoundness and reverberation by control with a common temperament.

On the other hand, in the conventional electronic musical instrument, in order to save the memory and simplify the structure, the frequency information for one octave is stored and the other octaves are calculated by using the frequency divider. However, in the tuning of an actual musical instrument, for example, an acoustic acoustic piano, the tuning is different for each musical instrument, such that the high-pitched sound is set higher and the low-pitched sound is set lower than a predetermined temperament.

Further, the tuning of the organ and the herb chord is controlled based on the tuning curve unique to each musical instrument, which is different from the tuning curve of the piano. Therefore, if the tuning curve of the piano is used to control the tuning of other musical instruments such as the organ and herb chords, as is done with some electronic musical instruments, the pitch will be different from the pitch of the actual musical instrument. I will end up.

In this way, the tuning curve information of the piano is used to control the pitch of an instrument other than the piano, or
For example, with the conventional method of preparing tuning curve information for each tone color series such as a stringed instrument and controlling the pitch by the tuning curve information common to each tone color series, there is a problem that the "likeness" of each tone color cannot be expressed. there were.

Therefore, in order to solve these problems, it is necessary to express the subtle difference in pitch of each tone color by using optimum tuning curve information for each musical instrument (tone color).

In order to solve the above problems, there is known an electronic musical instrument which can be used by switching a plurality of temperaments. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 60-178493 discloses an electronic musical instrument in which the pitch can be freely set for each pitch name in an octave.

However, the pitch adjustment value shown in this proposal is such that the deviation of the pitch from the equal temperament is represented by a cent value, but the pitch adjustment value is given from the operation panel. However, it does not hold in advance unique data corresponding to each timbre or key number.

Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-194497 proposes a method for controlling pitch by switching pitch information according to a tone color name. In this method, for example, equal temperament, just intonation, The Pythagorean temperament is used to determine which of the typical temperaments is closest to the selected temperament, and the tuning curve information for the entire key range of each tone color is stored and controlled for each note number. Not something to do.

Some conventional electronic musical instruments such as an electronic piano have a dual performance mode in which a plurality of timbres can be simultaneously produced when one keyboard is pressed.

In an electronic musical instrument having such a dual performance mode, if the pitch of each tone color is controlled based on the data corresponding to the pressed key number of each tone color of a plurality of tones simultaneously produced, the tuning of each tone color used The curve information is different, so it may growl and be difficult to hear.
There was a need for measures to prevent howling.

[0017]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and pays attention to the difference in tuning curve for each musical instrument (timbre), and obtains unique tuning curve information corresponding to each tone and key number. An object of the present invention is to provide a pitch control device for an electronic musical instrument having a rich musicality, which can express a sound close to that of an acoustic instrument by setting a pitch frequency based on the pitch frequency.

In addition to the above-mentioned invention, in an electronic musical instrument having a dual performance mode, the pitches of other tone colors that are simultaneously produced based on the tuning curve information of any one of the plurality of tone colors that are produced simultaneously. (EN) Provided is a pitch control device for an electronic musical instrument which is easy to listen to, by controlling the frequency to prevent groaning during simultaneous sound generation.

[0019]

[0020]

[0021]

[0022]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a dual performance instructing means and means for setting a desired tone color from the plurality of tone colors in an electronic musical instrument capable of simultaneously producing a plurality of tone colors. When a dual performance is instructed by the dual performance instructing means, a tone color setting means for setting a desired plurality of tone colors to be simultaneously produced from the plurality of tone colors, and respective tone colors and key numbers settable by the tone color setting means. Tuning curve information storage means for storing tuning curve information corresponding to the whole key range, and when dual performance is instructed by the dual performance instructing means, from a plurality of tone colors set by the tone color setting means and simultaneously sounded, A tone color selecting means for selecting any one tone color as a reference for tuning control, and a tone color selecting means for selecting a tone color when a sound is instructed by pressing a key. An electronic control unit that reads out from the tuning curve information storage means tuning curve information based on the color and the key number of each note that is played simultaneously, and adds the tuning curve information to each tone that is played simultaneously to control the pronunciation. It is a pitch control device for musical instruments.

The tuning curve information stored in the tuning curve information storage means according to the present invention is characterized by a deviation from a basic pitch.

The tuning curve information stored in the tuning curve information storage means according to the present invention is characterized in that it is a correction value in consideration of a basic pitch and a deviation from the basic pitch.

[0025]

According to the present invention, the electronic musical instrument has optimum tuning curve information for each musical instrument (tone color), and the pitch frequency of each note is determined by the tuning curve information corresponding to the tone color and key number. It enables performance based on tuning curve information that is close to that of other musical instruments.

Therefore, according to the present invention, the deviation from the temperament of the tune corresponding to the key number of each timbre is stored in advance in the tuning curve information storage means 26 over all keys, and the timbre of the timbre instructed to sound and the timbre of the timbre. The pitch frequency is determined by performing a predetermined calculation process based on the tuning curve information corresponding to the key number.

Another method is to set the temperament of each tone color in advance,
A correction value is created for all keys in consideration of the deviation of the tuning for each key number in the tone color, the corrected data is stored in the tuning curve information storage means 26, and when the pronunciation is instructed, it is instructed. The correction value corresponding to the tone color and the key number is read from the tuning curve information storage means 26, the pitch frequency is determined, and the tone is generated.

As a result, the pitch can be adjusted independently for all keys of each tone color, and the tone frequency can be modulated, so that the performance can be performed with the optimum tuning for each tone color.

In addition to the components of the invention, a dual performance instructing means 5A is provided, and when the dual performance is instructed by the dual performance instructing means 5A, tuning curve information used by each of the tones simultaneously produced is displayed. If the tuning curve information used by each timbre is different, based on the tuning and / or tuning curve information used by any one timbre of each timbre that is simultaneously pronounced, the It controls the pitch.

As a result, it is possible to prevent howling from occurring due to the difference in pitch of each timbre, and it is possible to perform a natural and easy-to-play performance.

[0031]

1 is a schematic block diagram showing the overall configuration of an electronic musical instrument having a pitch control device according to the present invention.

In the figure, the CPU 1 controls each section of the electronic musical instrument in accordance with a control program stored in a program memory section of the ROM 2, and the performance information (mainly key range information here) 24 stored in the ROM 2 24. The tuning curve information is read based on the tone color information 25, the reading speed of the waveform is calculated, and sent to the tone signal generator 7.

Therefore, the CPU 1 has a tone color setting section 2
1, a tone color selection unit 22 and a control unit 23 are provided.

The tone color setting section 21 sets a tone color designated by the operation of the tone color selection switch, for example, a tone color of a guitar or a piano and stores the tone color in a predetermined area of the RAM 3. Setting status is control unit 2
3 and used for pitch control.

The tone color selecting section 22 is for selecting any one of the tone colors set by the tone color setting section 21 at the time of dual performance as a reference for tuning control. The tone color selected by 22 is read by the control unit 23 and temporarily stored in a predetermined area of the RAM 3.

When the tone generation is instructed by pressing the key, the control unit 23 stores the tuning curve information corresponding to the tone color set by the tone color setting unit 21 and the key number of the pressed key in the tuning curve information storage unit 26. Control to read from.

In the dual performance, the control unit 23
Controls the tone color selected by the tone color selection unit 22 and tuning curve information corresponding to the key number of each tone color that is simultaneously sounded from the tuning curve information storage unit 26.

The ROM 2 stores tone color data and various other fixed data in addition to the control program for operating the CPU 1 described above. Further, tuning curve information directly related to the present invention is stored in the tuning curve information storage unit 26 of the ROM 2. The configuration of the tuning curve information storage unit 26 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

The performance information storage section 24 is constituted as a set of event information, and the event information is constituted by an identification code, a key number, a keystroke strength, time information and the like. In the present invention, key range information is mainly used among the performance information.

The tone color information storage unit 25 stores the tone data of each tone color, and the tone color set by the tone color setting unit 21 is designated by the tone color pointer. That is, when the tone color pointer is changed by a panel operation, a keyboard operation, a pedal operation, etc., the data designated by the changed tone color pointer is read from the tone color waveform memory 8 and a predetermined operation is performed to perform a musical tone. It is supplied to the signal generator 7.

The RAM 3 defines a work area for the CPU 1, various registers for controlling the electronic musical instrument, counters, flags, etc., and also transfers necessary data stored in the ROM 2 for temporary storage. Data area, an assigner memo for storing data for allocating each tone generation circuit of the tone signal generator 7 to an unused channel, and the like.

A plurality of registers in which data necessary for sound emission is set corresponding to the state of each key and switch on the operation panel 5, and a push button for temporarily storing performance information generated by turning on / off the keyboard 4. A key map and note-on counter are also provided in the RAM 3.

The keyboard 4 is used for designating a musical sound to be generated, and is composed of a plurality of keys and a key switch which opens and closes in association with key pressing / key releasing operations of these keys, and detects the keys. The signal associated with the pressed key / release key is the control unit 2.
3 is notified, and is temporarily stored in a predetermined area of the RAM 3 by the control unit 23 and read out as necessary.

In addition to the power switch, the operation panel 5 is provided with various switches such as a mode designation switch, a melody selection switch, a rhythm selection switch, and an indicator. The dual switch 5A directly related to the present invention
A tone color selection switch (not shown) is provided on the operation panel 5.

The set / reset state of each switch of the operation panel 5 is detected by the panel scan circuit included in the operation panel 5, and the data on the detected set state of the switch is under the control of the controller 23. RA
It is stored in a predetermined area of M3.

The pedal 6 includes, for example, a damper pedal, a soft pedal, a loud pedal, etc. according to the type of electronic musical instrument, and controls the volume according to the amount of depression of the pedal, or changes the timbre to exert a weak sound effect. , The decay speed is controlled to change the sounding state and the sound state after sounding.

The tone signal generator 7 reads out tone waveform data corresponding to the signal sent from the CPU 1 from the tone color waveform memory 8 and adds an envelope to generate and output tone signals corresponding to various musical instruments. is there.

Therefore, the tone signal generator 7 includes a tone generator 7a for generating a tone based on the stored contents of the tone color waveform memory 8 and an envelope for setting an envelope based on the stored contents of the envelope information memory 9. Setting section 7
b and a multiplication unit 7d for multiplying the waveform by the envelope
And a batting component setting unit 7c that sets a batting component based on the storage content of the batting component information memory 10, and the multiplication unit 7d.
An adding unit 7e is provided for adding the waveform of the striking component set by the striking component setting unit 7c to the multiplication result of.

The tone color waveform memory 8 is composed of, for example, a ROM and stores waveform data of musical tones such as frequency numbers, waveform numbers, mode data, etc., which are data for generating musical tone signals.

Waveform data such as weak strokes and strong strokes are also stored in the tone color waveform memory 8 and are accessed by a weak stroke component musical tone signal generating section (not shown) of the musical tone generating section 7a and a strong stroke component musical tone signal generating section.

The envelope information memory 9 stores various envelope data corresponding to musical tone components, and stores musical tone waveform envelopes obtained when each key is depressed.

Even if the same key is pressed, the envelope information memory 9 stores envelope data separately when the pedal is OFF, when the pedal is ON, and at a plurality of intermediate positions. Predetermined envelope data is selected by using the contents of the tone component selection register (not shown) as an address and sent to the envelope setting section 7b.

The striking component information memory 10 stores the waveform data of the musical tone component whose frequency does not change according to the pitch, that is, the waveform data of the striking component, and is obtained when each key is depressed. The result of extracting the component related to the impact sound from the tone waveform of the tone color is stored.

The tone signal output by the tone signal generator 7 is D
The analog signal is converted by the A / A converter 11 and then sent to the sound system 12, amplified by the amplifier to a predetermined level, and then emitted from the speaker.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the relationship of each factor controlling the waveform read speed. In the configuration shown in the figure, at a predetermined timing, the control section 23 reads the key number of the depressed key from the performance information storage section 24, and based on this, the key number based on, for example, equal temperament is selected from the temperament storage section not shown. Read the corresponding data.

Subsequently, the tone color set in the tone color information storage unit 25 is read, and the tuning curve information for correcting the pitch is read out from the tuning curve information storage unit 26 based on the tone color set as the key number. The pitch is corrected and sent to the tone signal generator 7.

The frequency number used by the tone generation section 7a of the tone signal generation section 7 is a value (referred to as F number) proportional to the tone generation frequency. For example, C, C #, D in equal temperament,
1 called D #, E, F, F #, G, G #, A, A #, B
It has a structure having two data.

Therefore, in the correction of the pitch according to the key number or the tone color, a predetermined value (frequency ratio) corresponding to the cent value as the pitch adjustment value for these data is multiplied by the multiplier, and the pitch changed by the multiplication. Is added by an adder to generate a musical tone having a desired pitch.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of tuning curve information stored in the tuning curve information storage unit 26. As shown in the figure, tuning curve information storage unit 26 is provided with tuning curve information corresponding to each tone color and key number (key range) according to a plurality of tone colors that can be pronounced as A, B, C. The tuning curve information corresponding to the tone color or key number to be played is selected.

The tuning curve information stored in the tuning curve information storage unit 26 is derived from a reference temperament (for example, equal temperament, just intonation, Pythagorean temperament, etc.) that is provided in common for each timbre. It is a deviation, and is stored as a cent value, for example.

Therefore, the tuning curve information corresponding to the key number and the tone color is read from the tuning curve information storage unit 26 and the reference temperament is corrected, so that the read speed can be finely adjusted according to each tone color or key number. It is supposed to be done.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart for explaining the operation of the pitch control apparatus of the present invention for controlling the pitch according to each tone color and key number. The operation of this embodiment will be described below with reference to the drawings.

When the power switch or the reset switch provided on the operation panel 5 is turned on, initialization processing is performed (step S11).

In this initialization processing, the registers in the CPU 1 and the registers defined in the RAM 3 are initialized, the predetermined data and programs stored in the ROM 2 are moved to the RAM 3, and the tone color is further adjusted. This is processing such as initializing the pointer and setting an initial tone color.

Then, it is checked whether or not the setting of the tone color selection switch of the operation panel 5 is changed (step S1).
2). If the setting of the tone color selection switch is changed, the tone color pointer is changed according to the tone color set by the tone color selection switch (step S13).

Next, the key number of the depressed key is examined, and the tuning curve information storage unit 2 obtains tuning curve information corresponding to the tone color and key number set together with the reference tuning.
After being read out from 6 and stored in a predetermined area of the RAM 3, the process returns to step S12.

Thus, in the tone generation processing of the main routine when there is an event for changing the tone color, the pitch is controlled by the tuning curve information corresponding to the tone color and the key number.

On the other hand, when the setting of the tone color selection switch is not changed, it is checked whether or not the key of the keyboard 4 is depressed (step S14). If a key is pressed,
The assigning process corresponding to the depressed key is performed, the predetermined waveform is read out, and the process returns to step S12 (step S15).

The assigning process is a process for allocating which of the musical tone generating units 7a provided for the musical tone signal generating unit 7 for the polyphonic number is used to generate a musical tone signal in accordance with the state of an empty channel. Is.

Data such as the tone color set in the tone generation section 7a assigned by this assignment processing, the key touch detected by the touch sensor, the key number, etc., is stored in the control section 2.
3 is instructed to generate a tone signal corresponding to the key depression state.

On the other hand, if there is no depressed key, it is then checked whether or not there is a released key (step S16). If there is no released key,
The process returns to step S12 as it is, and the same processing is repeated.

On the other hand, if there is a released key, a key release process is performed (step S17). The key release processing is the envelope setting unit 7 that has already been operated according to the key number of the released key, the pedal information at that time, and the like.
This is a process of sending predetermined envelope information to b.

For example, if the pedal information is OFF, predetermined release data is sent, the envelope is quickly converged to "0", and the sound is cut off. Then, the process returns to step S12 and the same process is performed. repeat.

In this way, in step S13, the optimum tuning curve information corresponding to the selected tone color and key number is selected and the pitch frequency is determined.
It is possible to control according to each tone and key number, and it is possible to provide an electronic musical instrument having a good sound similar to that of an acoustic instrument.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart for explaining the operation of the pitch control device having the dual performance mode. Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, a description will be given of an operation of selecting tuning curve information that accompanies a tone color change when a plurality of tone colors are simultaneously sounded.

When the power switch or the reset switch provided on the operation panel 5 is turned on, initialization processing is performed (step S21).

In this initialization processing, the registers in the CPU 1 and the registers defined in the RAM 3 are initialized, the predetermined data and programs stored in the ROM 2 are moved to the RAM 3, and the tone color is further adjusted. This is processing such as initializing the pointer and setting an initial tone color.

Next, it is checked whether or not the setting of the tone color selection switch of the operation panel 5 has been changed (step S2).
2). As a result, if there is no change in the setting of the tone color selection switch, the process branches to step S26.

On the other hand, if the setting of the tone color selection switch is changed, the panel event buffer of the RAM 3 is checked to determine whether it is the dual performance mode (step S23).

As a result, in the case of the dual performance mode, it is checked whether or not a plurality of timbres that are sounded simultaneously use the same tuning curve information to control the pitch, and a plurality of different tuning curve information is selected for each timbre. If so, a reference tone color of any one of a plurality of tone colors that are sounded simultaneously is selected (step S24).

Then, the tuning curve information corresponding to the selected tone color and the key number of the depressed key is read from the tuning curve information storage section 26 by the control section 23, and a predetermined pitch is corrected to a basic pitch. Is added (step S25), R
After being temporarily stored in a predetermined area of AM3, step S2
Returning to step 2, the same processing is repeated thereafter.

As a result, during dual performance, tuning curve information is read out based on the tone color selected by the tone color selecting section 22 and the key number of each tone color that is simultaneously sounded, and the pitch of each tone color can be controlled. As it is performed, the growl can be prevented.

On the other hand, if the mode is not the dual performance mode in step S23, the process branches to step S25, the key number is checked, and tuning curve information corresponding to the set tone color and key number is stored in the tuning curve information storage unit 26.
After being read out and stored in a predetermined area of the RAM 3, the process returns to step S22.

The processing operations of steps S26 to S29 are the same as steps S14 to S17 of FIG.
Since the processing is the same as the processing described in (1), the description will be omitted.

As a result, when a plurality of timbres are sounded simultaneously, all the timbres are controlled based on the same temperament, so that a growl can be prevented and a pitch control device for an electronic musical instrument which is easy to listen to can be provided.

It should be noted that the selection criteria when the tone color selecting section 22 selects any one of the tone colors that are sounded at the same time is not particularly specified, and may be arbitrarily set by the manufacturer at the manufacturing stage. .

Further, in this embodiment, the pitch is controlled by performing an operation based on the basic pitch, the tone color for the basic pitch read from the tuning curve information storage unit 26, and the correction value according to the key number. Although the case has been described as an example, the present invention is not limited to this.

At the time of creating the tuning curve information, a calculation process is performed in which a basic pitch and a correction value corresponding to each tone color and key number for the basic pitch are taken into consideration, and the result of the calculation process is stored in the tuning curve information. The pitch may be controlled based on the data stored in the section 26 and read from the tuning curve information storage section 26.

[0089]

As described above in detail, according to the pitch control apparatus of the present invention, all keys can be independently adjusted in pitch according to the key number of each timbre, so that the optimum timbre according to the selected timbre is always available. The pitch is controlled by the tuning curve information. Therefore, by utilizing the characteristics of each timbre, a good acoustic effect that is natural and has no discomfort can be obtained.

Also, since each tone color that is simultaneously sounded in the dual performance mode is controlled by tuning curve information that is unique to any one of the tone colors that are simultaneously sounded, there is no humming. An easy electronic musical instrument can be provided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing an overall configuration of an electronic musical instrument to which a pitch control device according to the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a waveform reading speed control of the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a tuning curve information storage unit of the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of pitch control for each tone color and key number according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of pitch control in the dual performance mode of the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 CPU 2 ROM 3 RAM 4 keys 5 Operation panel 5A dual switch (dual performance instruction means) 6 pedals 7 Music signal generator 7a Musical sound generator 7b Envelope setting section 7c Impact component setting unit 7d multiplier 7e adder 8 tone waveform memory 9 Envelope information memory 10 Impact component information memory 11 D / A converter 12 sound system 21 tone color setting section (tone color setting means) 22 Tone color selection section (tone color selection means) 23 Control unit (control means) 24 Performance information storage 25 Tone information memory 26 Tuning Curve Information Storage Unit (Tuning Curve Information Storage Means)

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G10H 1/00-7/12

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. An electronic musical instrument capable of simultaneously producing a plurality of types of tones, comprising dual performance instructing means and means for setting a desired tone color from the plurality of types of tones. When instructed, the tone color setting means for setting a desired plurality of tone colors to be sounded simultaneously from the plurality of tone colors and all tuning curve information corresponding to each tone color and key number that can be set by the tone color setting means. A tuning curve information storage means for storing over a range of keys, and when a dual performance is instructed by the dual performance instructing means, one of a plurality of timbres set by the timbre setting means and sounded at the same time serves as a reference for tuning control. A tone color selecting means for selecting one tone color, and when a sound is instructed by pressing a key, the tone color selected by the tone color selecting means is simultaneously sounded. A pitch of an electronic musical instrument, comprising: control means for reading out tuning curve information based on a key number of a note from the tuning curve information storage means, adding to each of the musical tones produced at the same time and controlling the pronunciation. Control device. 2. The pitch control device for an electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the tuning curve information stored in the tuning curve information storage means is a deviation from a basic pitch. 3. The tuning curve information stored in the tuning curve information storage means is a correction value that takes into account a basic pitch and a deviation from the basic pitch. 1. A pitch control device for an electronic musical instrument according to 1.