JP2698942B2 - Tone generator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a musical tone generator for generating reverberant musical tones in, for example, electronic musical instruments.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a musical tone generator used for an electronic musical instrument such as an electronic organ, an electronic piano, a single keyboard, a synthesizer or the like includes a plurality of digital control oscillators (hereinafter referred to as "DCOs") as sound sources. By generating the DCO in combination, a tone signal corresponding to a tone specified by an operation panel or the like or a range specified by a keyboard is generated (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-66597). ).

For example, an electronic piano is provided with three oscillators DCO1 to DCO3 for generating three types of tone component signals in order to generate a tone corresponding to one key. When one key is depressed, each of the oscillators DCO1 to DCO3 generates a tone component signal, and these are combined into one to be a final tone signal for one key.

The tone component signals generated by each of the oscillators are a weak component signal (for example, generated by DCO1), a strong component signal (for example, generated by DCO2), and a striking component signal (for example, generated by DCO3).

[0005] Here, the weak hit component is a tone component whose frequency changes in proportion to the pitch of one musical tone and whose sounding time is relatively long. The heavy strike component is a tone component whose frequency changes in proportion to the pitch of one musical tone and whose sounding time is relatively short. The striking component is a component of one musical tone that is not necessarily proportional to the frequency of the pitch and has a shorter sounding time. The impact component is, for example, a noise component in a piano attack.

As described above, the tone signal of each tone component is generated by the oscillator prepared for each tone component, and these are synthesized to generate one tone, thereby producing a tone closer to the sound of a natural musical instrument. Has been realized.

[0007] An electronic piano usually has a tone signal generating circuit having three oscillators as one set as many as the number of polyphonics (the number of simultaneous sounds).

Incidentally, an actual acoustic piano is not provided with a damper in a high frequency range. Therefore, when a high frequency range is hit, a resonance sound of a string or a frame is generated, and reverberation occurs.

Therefore, an attempt has been made to simulate a state in which such reverberation occurs in an electronic piano, and to generate a musical tone closer to that of an acoustic piano. For example,
A reverberation adding device that adds reverberation only to a musical tone in a specific treble range has been considered.

[0010] However, the circuit of such a reverberation adding apparatus is complicated and large-scale, and there is a problem that the cost of the musical sound generating apparatus and, consequently, the electronic musical instrument increases.

[0011]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has a simple and inexpensive configuration to generate reverberation close to a natural musical instrument without using a reverberation adding device. It is intended to provide a device.

[0012]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A tone generator according to the present invention reads out waveform data of a plurality of tone components stored in advance, reproduces tone component signals, and synthesizes these to generate tone signals. In the musical tone generating device, for at least one specific musical tone component among the plurality of musical tone components, storage means for storing waveform data having no reverberation and waveform data having reverberation, and indicating a pitch to be generated. Indicating means, and reading out waveform data having no reverberation of a specific musical tone component from the storage means when the pitch of a predetermined tone range is instructed by the indicating means, and storing the waveform data when the pitch of another tone range is instructed. Means for reading out waveform data having reverberation of a specific tone component from the means to generate a tone component signal of the specific tone component; and identifying a tone generated by the tone component signal generating means. A tone signal generating means for generating a tone signal by synthesizing a tone component signal of a tone component and a tone component signal generated according to waveform data of tone components other than the specific tone component. .

[0013]

According to the present invention, the waveform data having reverberation and the waveform data having no reverberation are prepared in advance in the storage means for the waveform data of a specific musical tone component, and the range to which reverberation is to be added is designated by the instruction means. In this case, the waveform data of the specific tone component having the reverberation is read out and sounded.

Thus, even if no reverberation adding device is provided,
With a simple and inexpensive configuration in which waveform data having reverberation is stored in advance and read out in accordance with the sound range, a tone with reverberation can be generated, so that a tone closer to a natural musical instrument can be generated. It is possible.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First, an outline of a tone generator according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

In the figure, DCO1 is a weak component, DCO
2 is a digital control oscillator that generates each tone component signal of a striking component. These three DCO1～3, constitute the musical tone signal generating circuit 50 ₁ to 50 _l for generating one tone. And
Each tone component signal generated by each of the DCOs 1 to 3 is added to form one tone signal, which is emitted via a sound system.

In an electronic musical instrument, the number of tone signal generation circuits is equal to the number of simultaneous sounds defined as the specification of the electronic musical instrument, that is, the number n of polyphonics. This allows
For example, it is possible to simultaneously produce a plurality of tones such as chords.

In the following description, the case where the polyphonic number is "32" will be described.

Here, as described above, the weak hit component generated by the DCO 1 is a tone component whose frequency changes in proportion to the pitch of one tone and whose sounding time is relatively long, as described above. The hard-hit component generated by the DCO 2 is a tone component of which the frequency changes substantially in proportion to the pitch of one musical tone and whose sounding time is relatively short.

The striking component generated by the DCO 3 is a component of one musical tone that is not necessarily in proportion to the pitch frequency and has a shorter sounding time. The impact component is, for example, a noise component in a piano attack.

FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the pitch and the frequency of each tone component. FIG. 2 shows that the frequency of the impact component DCO3 is not necessarily proportional to the pitch.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of an electronic musical instrument to which a musical sound generating apparatus according to the present invention is applied.

In FIG. 1, a keyboard unit 1 is composed of a keyboard having a plurality of keys, and includes a key scan circuit for detecting a pressed state of each key. The touch sensor 1 a detects the strength (speed) of key touch according to a signal from the keyboard unit 1. The data indicating the pressed state of each key and the touch data indicating the strength of key touch are sent to the CPU 3.

The panel section 2 has various switches such as a mode designation switch, a melody selection switch, and a rhythm selection switch.

The central processing unit (CPU) 3 controls each section of the electronic musical instrument in accordance with a control program stored in a program memory section 41 of a read only memory (hereinafter referred to as "ROM") 4.

The ROM 4 stores the program memory 41
In addition, a timbre data memory unit 42 is provided. The tone color data memory section 42 stores frequency numbers, waveform numbers, envelope waveform numbers, mode data, and the like, which are data for generating musical tone signals. Each of these data is specified by a tone color pointer.

The timbre pointer is changed according to the panel operation and the keyboard operation, and the data specified by the changed timbre pointer is read from the ROM 4. Then, the signal is supplied to the musical sound generator by performing a predetermined operation.

[0028] Random access memory (hereinafter "RAM")
That. 5) corresponds to the data area for transferring and storing necessary data stored in the ROM 4 under the control of the CPU 3, and the states of the keys and switches of the keyboard unit 1, the touch sensor 1a, and the panel unit 2. It includes a plurality of registers in which data necessary for sound emission are set, and assigner memories A, B, C, etc., which store data for allocating a tone signal generation circuit, which will be described later, to an unused channel.

The tone generator 6 generates a tone signal. The tone generator 6 generates a low-pitched component tone signal generator 1 that generates a sound that always sounds from a low hit to a high hit.
1. For example, a strong-hit component musical sound signal generating unit 12 that generates a strong hit sound that becomes a loud sound at the time of a strong hit, for example, a hitting component tone signal generating unit 13 that generates a hitting sound at the time of a keystroke, and signals of these tone components are added. It comprises an adder 15.

The above-mentioned low-strength component tone signal generator 11, high-strength component tone signal generator 12, and striking component tone signal generator 13
Are 3 in each case so that 32 sounds can be produced simultaneously.
It has two identical circuits. Details of these will be described later.

The tone generator 6 is connected to a waveform memory 21 for storing waveform data and an envelope waveform memory 29 for storing envelope data.
Details of these will be described later.

The digital tone signal output from the tone generator 6 is supplied to a D / A converter 7. D / A converter 7
Converts the input digital tone signal into an analog tone signal. The analog tone signal output from the D / A converter is supplied to the sound system 8.

The sound system 8 is composed of, for example, a speaker or headphones, and is a well-known type that emits sound according to an input musical sound signal.

The above-mentioned touch sensor 1a (keyboard unit 1), panel unit 2, CPU 3, ROM 4, RAM
5 and the tone generator 6 are interconnected by a system bus 10.

FIG. 4 shows a detailed configuration of the tone signal generating circuit.
1. The high-strength component tone signal generation unit 12 and the high-strength component tone signal generation unit 13 are all composed of the same circuit, and generate low-strength, high-strength, and striking-tone musical tone component signals under the control of the CPU 3.

In the figure, waveform upper address register 2
0 stores the waveform upper address sent from the CPU 3. This waveform upper address register 20
Is supplied to the waveform memory 21 and is used to select a waveform according to the timbre and the tone range stored in the waveform memory 21.

The waveform memory 21 is a ROM for storing waveform data.
Upper address of the waveform and a mode selector 2 described later
5 outputs the waveform data selected by the waveform lower address.

FIG. 5 shows an image of the storage state of the waveform data of each musical tone component in the waveform memory 21. In other words, the waveform data to be read is changed every six keys from the lowest key in the weak component DCO1 and the strong component DCO2. This is because the musical tone of a piano has a waveform that differs significantly depending on the musical range, and it is necessary to use a waveform suitable for the musical range.

On the other hand, the waveform of the impact component DCO3 is not so different depending on the sound range, and its frequency is not always proportional to the pitch. Therefore, a common waveform is used in the sound range with a damper. Then, waveform data of a striking component to which reverberation is added in advance in a high frequency band without a damper is read.

FIG. 6 shows such waveform data stored in the waveform memory 2.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a state stored in a storage device 1; The storage format is not limited to the illustrated example.

Reading of the waveform data from the waveform memory 21 is performed at a speed (frequency) corresponding to the frequency number generated corresponding to the key number.

The frequency number register 22 stores the CPU 3
This is to store the frequency number sent from. Here, the frequency number is used to control the speed at which waveform data is read from the waveform memory 21, and actually represents the increment of the read address of the waveform memory 21.

Thus, when the frequency number is small, the waveform data is read at a small pitch (address interval) to generate a tone signal of a low frequency, and when the frequency number is large, the waveform data is read at a large pitch (address interval). Is read out, thereby generating a high-frequency tone signal. The output of the frequency number register 22 is supplied to one input of an adder 23.

The adder 23 receives the output of the frequency number register 22 as one input, and
Is added as the other input, and the result is output to the address register 24 again.

The address register 24 stores the output of the adder 23. The address register 24 and the adder 23 constitute an accumulator. Then, the contents of the address register 24 are supplied to the waveform memory 21 via the mode selector 25 as a waveform lower address.

The mode selector 25 controls a method of reading from the waveform memory 21. For example, the area designated by the waveform upper address of the waveform memory 21 is sequentially read in the address increasing direction, and when the area reaches the end, the operation returns to the beginning and the above operation is repeated. Next, various reading methods such as whether to read in the address decreasing direction (reverse direction) are controlled according to a control signal (not shown) from the CPU 3. The output of the mode selector 25 is supplied to the waveform memory 21 as a waveform lower address.

The touch data conversion circuit 26 converts touch data of a predetermined format sent from the CPU 3 into a format that can be handled by the tone signal generation circuit. Here, the touch data is data obtained by detecting the strength of key depression by the touch sensor 1a. The output of the touch data conversion circuit 26 is supplied to an envelope generator 27.

The tone component selection register 28 is a register for storing data sent from the CPU 3 for selecting the type of tone component such as a weak component, a strong component, a striking component without reverberation, and a striking component with reverberation. . The output of the tone component selection register 28 is stored in the envelope waveform memory 2
9 is supplied.

The envelope waveform memory 29 stores various types of envelope data corresponding to musical tone components.
The predetermined envelope data is selected using the contents of the tone component selection register 28 as an address.

The envelope generator 27 sequentially reads out the envelope data selected by the tone component selection register 28 from the envelope waveform memory 29, and generates an envelope signal having a magnitude (amplitude) corresponding to the touch data from the touch data conversion circuit 26. Then, it is sent to the multiplier 30.

The multiplier 30 adds an envelope to the waveform data by multiplying the waveform data read from the waveform memory 21 by the envelope signal supplied from the envelope generator 27 to generate a digital tone component signal. The output of the multiplier 30 is supplied to the adder 15 (see FIG. 3) as one tone component signal.

The waveform memory 21 and the envelope waveform memory 29 shown in FIG. 4 are memories commonly used in the respective tone signal generating circuits, and the other parts are individually provided in the respective tone signal generating circuits. Wear.

The plurality of tone signal generating circuits described above may be used in a time-division manner.
There is an effect that the amount of hardware constituting the tone signal generating circuit can be reduced.

FIG. 7 shows the configuration of the above-described weak-hit component tone signal generation unit 11, high-hit component tone signal generation unit 12, and hit component tone signal generation unit 13, and the control system thereof. In the figure, adders 15a, 15b and 15c correspond to the adder 15 shown in FIG.

The assignment control section A3a is realized by the function of the CPU 3, and controls the _first to _{thirty-second} tone signal generation circuits 111 to 1132. The assignment control unit A3a is provided with an assigner memory A provided in the RAM 5.
Channel allocation processing is performed according to the content of 5a.

The assignment control section B3b is also realized by the function of the CPU 3, and controls the _thirty- third to sixty-fourth tone signal generation circuits 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃₂ . The assignment control unit B3b performs a channel assignment process according to the contents of an assigner memory B5b provided in the RAM 5.

[0057] assignment controller C3c also intended to be realized by functions of the CPU 3, and controls the musical tone signal generating circuit _{131-134 32} of the 65 96th. The assignment control unit C3c performs a channel assignment process according to the contents of an assigner memory C5c provided in the RAM 5.

FIG. 8 shows an example of the assigner memory A. The assigner memory A includes a channel number 1, a key state ST, a key number NO, and a key pressing time.

The channel number 1 indicates any one of channels 1 to 32, and the key state ST indicates that the key is released when it is "0" and is in the pressed state when it is "1". , The key number NO indicates the number of the key of the keyboard unit 1 assigned to the channel l, and the key pressing time stores the time at which the key was pressed.

FIG. 9 shows an example of the assigner memory B, which has the same configuration as that of the assigner memory A.

FIG. 10 shows an example of the assigner memory C, which has the same configuration as that of the assigner memory A.

Next, the operation of this apparatus in the above configuration will be described with reference to the flow charts shown in FIGS.

FIG. 11 shows a main flowchart of the electronic musical instrument. That is, first, when a power switch (not shown) is turned on, an initialization process is performed (step S1). This initialization process initializes the registers inside the CPU 3 and the registers defined inside the RAM 5 and the ROM 4.
Move predetermined data stored in the RAM 5 to the RAM 5,
Further, processing such as initializing the tone color pointer and determining an initial tone color to be emitted is performed.

When the initialization process is completed, the panel unit 2
It is checked whether or not the panel switch has been turned on (step S2). When it is determined that the panel switch has been turned on, the timbre pointer is changed according to the content of the turned on switch (step S3),
Thereafter, the process returns to step S2, and the same operation is repeated again.

On the other hand, if it is determined that the panel switch has not been turned on, it is checked whether or not a key on the keyboard 1 has been pressed (step S4). And
When it is determined that a key is pressed, an assignment process is performed (step S5).

This assignment process is a process of allocating a tone signal generation circuit to a predetermined channel, and transferring data corresponding to a timbre, a touch, a tone range, and the like to the tone signal generation circuit, thereby instructing a tone generation start. A musical sound is emitted from the sound system 8. Thereafter, the process returns to step S2, and the same operation is repeated again. Details of the assignment process will be described later.

If it is determined in step S4 that the key has not been pressed, it is checked whether or not a key of the keyboard unit 1 has been released (step S6). When it is determined that a key has been released, a key release process is performed (step S).
7).

This key release process is a process of transferring data corresponding to the timbre, touch, and tone range to the tone signal generating circuit and instructing the tone generation end. Thereby, the sound system 8
The sound emission from is stopped. Thereafter, the process returns to step S2, and the same operation is repeated again. If it is determined in step S6 that there is no key release, the process returns to step S2 and repeats the same operation again.

As described above, by repeatedly executing steps S2 to S7, a musical tone is emitted while changing the tone and the like in accordance with the operation of the panel switch of the panel unit 2 and the operation of the key of the keyboard unit 1. Will be.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the assignment process in step S5 of FIG.

In the assigning process, first, the channel number 1 is set to "1" (step S10), and then the key state ST <l of the corresponding channel number 1 in the assigner memory A is set.
> Is checked (step S11). If the key state ST of the key assigned to the channel number l is "1", that is, if the key is in the depressed state, it is determined that the channel cannot be used, and the channel number l is incremented (step S1). S13) It is checked whether or not 1 has become "33" (step S14). And "3
If it is determined that the value is not "3", the process proceeds to step S1.
Returning to 1, the key state ST <l> of the next channel is examined.

When a channel whose key state ST is "0", that is, a channel in an unused state is found, data is transmitted to the channel 1 (step S1).
2). That is, a frequency number, a waveform number, an envelope waveform number, mode data, and the like are given to the tone signal generation circuit of the corresponding channel, whereby the tone signal generation circuit is driven, and a tone of a weakly hit component is emitted. .

On the other hand, in step S14, l is set to "3
If it is determined to be "3", it is recognized that all of the "32" channels are in use, and boost priority processing is performed (step S15). That is, the key depression time of the assigner memory A is checked, and the sound generation is assigned to the channel of the oldest time. Then, data is transmitted to the channel (step S12).

Next, the channel number m is set to "1" (step S16), and the key state ST <m> of the corresponding channel number m in the assigner memory B is checked (step S17).
If the key state ST of the key assigned to the channel number m is "1", that is, if the key is already in use, it is determined that the channel cannot be used, and the channel number m is incremented (step S19),
It is checked whether or not m has become "33" (step S2).
0). If it is determined that the value is not "33", the flow returns to step S17 to check the key state ST <m> of the next channel.

As described above, when a channel whose key state ST is "0", that is, a channel in an unused state is found, data is transmitted to the channel m (step S1).
8). As a result, the tone signal generation circuit of the corresponding channel is driven, and the tone of the strong hit component is emitted.

On the other hand, in step S20, m is set to "3
If it is determined that the channel number is "3", it means that all of the "32" channels are in use, so that a boosting priority process is performed (step S21). That is, assigner memory B
Is checked, and the tone generation is assigned to the channel at the oldest time. Then, the data is transmitted to the channel (step S18).

Next, the channel number n is set to "1" (step S22), and the key state ST <n> of the corresponding channel number n in the assigner memory C is checked (step S23).
If the key state ST of the key assigned to the channel number n is “1”, that is, if the key is already in use, it is determined that the channel cannot be used, and the channel number n is incremented (step S25),
It is checked whether or not n has become "33" (step S2).
6). If it is determined that the value is not "33", the process returns to step S23 to check the key state ST <n> of the next channel.

When a channel whose key state ST is "0", that is, a channel in an unused state is found, data is transmitted to the channel n (step S2).
4). At this time, if the pitch specified by the keyboard unit 1 is equal to or less than the predetermined key number, the striking component address without reverberation (“20,000 _H ” in FIGS. 5 and 6 becomes the predetermined key number or more) as the address of the waveform memory 21. In this case, the reverberation impact component address ("21000 _H " in FIGS. 5 and 6) is given to the tone signal generation circuit as the address of the waveform memory 21. Thereby, the tone signal generation circuit of the corresponding channel is driven, and the reverberation is performed. Not added,
Alternatively, a musical sound of a striking component to which reverberation is added is emitted. Thereafter, the process returns to the main routine of FIG.

On the other hand, in step S26, n is set to "3
If it is determined that the channel number is "3", it means that all of the "32" channels are in use, so that the boost priority process is performed (step S27). That is, assigner memory C
The key depression time column is examined, and sound is assigned to the channel at the old time. Then, the data is transmitted to the channel (step S24).

As described above, the striking component waveform data having reverberation and the striking component waveform data having no reverberation are prepared in the waveform memory 21 in advance, and when the range to which reverberation is to be added is specified by the keyboard, Since the striking component waveform data having reverberation is read out and sounded, a tone with reverberation added can be generated without providing a reverberation adding device, so that the configuration is simple and inexpensive. Instead, it is possible to generate musical sounds closer to natural musical instruments.

In the above-described embodiment, the tone signal is generated by using the soft hit component, the hard hit component, and the striking component as the tone components. However, the tone components may be other components.

Further, in the above embodiment, two types of reverberation and no reverberation are provided in the waveform data of the striking component. You may comprise.

In the above embodiment, the tone signal generation circuit for generating each tone signal is provided with a polyphonic number ("32" in the embodiment) for each tone component.
The polyphonic number is not limited to “32” and may be any number.

Further, the tone signal generating circuit to be prepared may be configured to change the number according to the tone generation time of the tone component to be generated.

For example, a tone signal generating circuit for generating a tone component signal of a soft hit component having a relatively long tone generation time is provided with a polyphonic number "32", and a tone tone for generating a tone signal of a hard hit component having a relatively short tone emission time. The signal generation circuit may be provided with the polyphonic number “14”, and the tone signal generating circuit for generating the tone signal of the impact component having a shorter sounding time may be provided with the polyphonic number “2”. Note that the polyphonic number for each tone component is not limited to the number described above.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the case has been described where the channel assignment when all the sounding channels are in use is performed by boosting priority. However, the channel assignment method is not limited to this. It goes without saying that various other methods can be adopted, such as a method of sequentially deallocating the channels that emit high notes while leaving the sounding channel.

[0087]

As described above in detail, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a musical sound generator capable of generating reverberation close to a natural musical instrument with a simple and inexpensive configuration without using a reverberation adding device. it can.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an outline of a musical sound generating device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a relationship between a pitch of a musical tone component and a frequency.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an electronic musical instrument to which the musical sound generator of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of a tone signal generating circuit of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a state in which waveform data of a musical tone component according to the embodiment of the present invention is stored.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a state in which waveform data of musical tone components is stored in a waveform memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a tone signal generating circuit and a control system thereof according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of an assigner memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of an assigner memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of an assigner memory according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Keyboard part (instruction means) 6 Music tone generation part (tone signal generation means) 11 Light hit component tone signal generation part (tone tone component signal generation means) 12 Strong hit component tone signal generation part (tone tone component signal generation means) 13 Striking component tone Signal generator (tone component signal generator) 21 Waveform memory (storage unit)

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A tone generating apparatus for reading out waveform data of a plurality of tone components stored in advance and reproducing tone component signals, and synthesizing them to generate a tone signal, comprising: Storage means for storing reverberant-free waveform data and reverberant waveform data for at least one specific musical sound component, instruction means for instructing a pitch to be pronounced, and sound in a predetermined range by the instruction means. When the pitch is instructed, the waveform data having no reverberation of the specific tone component is read from the storage means, and when the pitch of another range is instructed, the waveform data having the reverberation of the specific tone component is read from the storage means. A tone component signal generating means for reading and generating a tone component signal of the specific tone component; a tone component signal of the specific tone component generated by the tone component signal generating means; The music sound component signal generated in accordance with the waveform data of the musical sound components other than frequency synthesis to musical tone generating apparatus characterized by comprising a tone signal generating means for generating a musical tone signal. 2. The tone generator according to claim 1, wherein the waveform data of the specific tone component stored in the storage means is waveform data of a striking component.