JP3129488B2 - 高分子光ファイバ用光カプラの製造方法 - Google Patents

高分子光ファイバ用光カプラの製造方法

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Publication number
JP3129488B2
JP3129488B2 JP03314769A JP31476991A JP3129488B2 JP 3129488 B2 JP3129488 B2 JP 3129488B2 JP 03314769 A JP03314769 A JP 03314769A JP 31476991 A JP31476991 A JP 31476991A JP 3129488 B2 JP3129488 B2 JP 3129488B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fiber
plastic tube
welding
optical fiber
fibers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP03314769A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JPH04268511A (ja
Inventor
アンドレアス・ブロックマイヤー
ハンス・フォヴィンケル
ヴェルナー・グロー
トマース・シュテーリン
ユルゲン・タイス
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of JPH04268511A publication Critical patent/JPH04268511A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3129488B2 publication Critical patent/JP3129488B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/69—General aspects of joining filaments 
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/526—Joining bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B29C66/949—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time characterised by specific time values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/0074—Production of other optical elements not provided for in B29D11/00009- B29D11/0073
    • B29D11/0075—Connectors for light guides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/245—Removing protective coverings of light guides before coupling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
    • G02B6/2551—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding using thermal methods, e.g. fusion welding by arc discharge, laser beam, plasma torch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2808—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/526—Joining bars
    • B29C66/5261—Joining bars for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the bars to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B29C66/73715—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable heat-shrinkable
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9517—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools characterised by specific vibration amplitude values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2011/00—Optical elements, e.g. lenses, prisms
    • B29L2011/0075—Light guides, optical cables

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】
【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、高分子光ファイバ用光
カプラの製造方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】受動的光ファイバネットワークでは、光
カプラ(coupler)は入力光ファイバから出力光ファイバ
に光信号を分配するための光学的コンポーネントとして
機能する。このようなカプラは、光ファイバの光入口側
及び光出口側に接続される透明体である。透明成形物を
光ファイバに接合又は融着して形成されるカプラに加え
て、製造時に光ファイバ束を捩り、その捩り点で延伸す
るカプラも知られている（アガワル(Argawal), Fiber I
ntegr. Optics Optics 6(1),27-53,1987を参照された
い）。
【０００３】この型の組立てカプラの製造は複雑かつ高
費用を要し、更には、この公知のカプラの伝送減衰は再
現困難であって、その出力は各出力ファイバ間で 2 dB
以上変動する。
【０００４】高分子光ファイバから成るファイバ束を収
縮可能なスリーブを用いて溶融したカプラ(ドイツ特許
出願公開第37 37 930号)、或いは光ファイバを円筒状混
合帶域の端面に付着させたカプラ(コッド(R.D.Codd)、S
AE/IEEE,International Congress of Transportation E
lectronics,1984)も同様に公知である。
【０００５】更なる光カプラの製造方法がドイツ特許出
願公開第40 13 307号に記載されているが、この出願は
本願の優先権主張日より以前に公告されたものではな
い。この出願では、プラスチック管を用いて光ファイバ
を束ね、次のステップでこの管を収縮可能なプラスチッ
クのスリーブで包み込むのである。高温にすると、圧力及
び収縮可能スリーブの加熱作用の結果、ファイバはプラ
スチック管と共に溶融する。この場合、加熱には電気抵
抗式加熱が用いられ、溶接時間は平均0.5乃至 1時間で
ある。
【０００６】この公知の製造方法の本質的な欠点は、複
雑かつ時間を要する一連のステップであり、その結果比
較的コスト高のユニット毎製造しか可能でない。
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記問題点に鑑み、本
発明は、機械的に安定なカプラを単純かつ安価かつ比較
的短時間で製造する方法を見出すことを目的とする。こ
のような方法は、出力減衰が少なく且つ出力ファイバ間
の出力ばらつきが殆どないカプラを製造できるよう監視
しながら行なうことはできるであろう。
【０００８】本発明はこの目的を達成するものである。
本発明は、混合帯域長にわたってファイバを互いに溶接
する高分子光ファイバからのカプラの製造方法に関す
る。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の方法では、2乃
至105本、好ましくは2乃至1000本の高分子光ファイバ
を、所望により互いに撚りを入れて同じ方向に並べて束
ねる。このファイバを0.2乃至 3時間にわたり50乃至250
℃の温度に暖ためた後に、超音波を用いて互いに溶接す
る。この超音波法は非破壊的な溶接方法ではない。しか
し、溶接対象のプラスチック部品を事前に暖ためずに溶
接すると、そのプラスチック部品を破壊することがあ
り、これは特に硬くて脆い材料の場合に顕著である。フ
ァイバ材料が変化を受けない程度のある温度に事前に暖
めたときのみ、光ファイバは非破壊的に互いに融着する
ことができる。
【００１０】本発明の方法では、高分子光ファイバは50
乃至250℃、好ましくは130乃至150℃の温度に0.2乃至 3
時間、好ましくは 5乃至30分間保持され、その後10乃至
60kHz、好ましくは20乃至40 kHz範囲の周波数の超音波
溶接装置で互いに溶接される。この装置内で用いる圧力
は、本発明の方法では、1乃至10バール、好ましくは2乃
至4バール範囲内である。溶接時間は0.1乃至 3秒間、好
ましくは0.1乃至1.5秒間である。保持時間は0.1乃至10
秒間、好ましくは0.1乃至 5秒間である。保持時間は、
この場合、ソノトロード(sonotrode)１がファイバを取
り囲み、ファイバが重なって圧力下のソノトロード動作
域に存在する溶接後の時間を意味する。
【００１１】保持時間は少なくとも溶接時間に相当し、
溶接時間より幾分が長目であることが好ましい。ファイ
バ材料は圧力下で暖められているし、超音波の作用に基
く追加摩擦力（界面摩擦、高分子の内部摩擦）も発生す
るので、発生する応力は補償される。
【００１２】本発明の方法におけるソノトロード１の振
幅は10乃至65μm、好ましくは20乃至50 μmであり、一
般に使用する材料によって異なる。
【００１３】予備加熱の時間は温度に関係する。予備加
熱が比較的短い場合には、高い温度を用いることが好ま
しい。各々の場合に使用される温度は更にファイバ材料
に関係し、温度範囲の高い方で分解や破壊の恐れがある
比較的敏感な材料の場合には、丈夫な材料の場合よりも
低目の温度が選択される。
【００１４】一つの好ましい態様では、予備加熱前にフ
ァイバを40乃至100℃の範囲内の温度及び真空下で5乃至
30時間にわたって乾燥する。この予備乾燥の主なる目的
は、残存モノマー及びファイバ内に蓄積の可能性ある、
特に比較的長期にわたり貯蔵した時の微量水分を除去
し、泡の発生を防止することである。紡糸したばかりの
ファイバの場合には、この予備乾燥を省略することがで
きる。
【００１５】両面上の接合帯域を音響照射することによ
り、溶接時間を更に短縮することが可能であり、溶接も
極めて均質になる。
【００１６】本発明の方法では、溶接対象のファイバ
は、溶接帯域内にコア材料とクラッド材料、又はコア材
料のみから成り得る。光クラッドを既に取り除いていた
場合には、溶接過程の後で混合帯域を再度光クラッドで
取り囲むとよい。このための一つの可能性は、この帯域
を収縮可能スリーブで覆うことである。光クラッドと成
すには、このスリーブはファイバよりも低い屈折率を有
しなければならない。
【００１７】本発明の方法に好適な収縮可能スリーブ
は、例えば、ポリオレフィン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩
化ビニリデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリクロ
ロプレン、フッ化ビニリデン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレ
ンコポリマー、シリコーンゴム、ポリエステル、フッ素
化エチレン−プロピレンコポリマー又はポリフルオロア
ルコキシコポリマーである。
【００１８】別の好適実施態様では、好ましくはコア材
料よりも低い屈折率を有する被覆、従って混合帯域の光
クラッドとして同じく好適な被覆を、コア材料の保護の
ために引き続き混合帯域に施すことができる。
【００１９】更なる実施態様では、高分子光ファイバ２
を混合帯域長にわたりプラスチック管３で取り囲み(図
１)、所望ならば溶接の後その上に収縮可能なスリーブ
を押し込むことができる。このプラスチック管３は溶接
過程でファイバーに融着する役割を有し、ファイバを一
様に取り囲み且つファイバ間に発生する可能性のある気
泡をうめ、そのため斯く製造されるカプラの減衰度を更
に少なくすることができる。このようにして、全域にわ
たりファイバ束を混合帯域に極めて良好にマッチさせる
ことができる。表面損失は生起しない。
【００２０】この管は混合帯域に高い機械的安定性を与
え、混合帯域を気候上の影響から更に保護する。
【００２１】プラスチック管の材料は、前述の理由で、
その屈折率がファイバのコア材料のそれよりも低いも
の、従って、光クラッドの機能を更に荷うように選択す
ることが適当である。このプラスチック管３の材料は、
ファイバよりも屈折率が低く透明度の高い全ての高分子
であり、例えばポリメタクリル酸メチル(ＰＭＭＡ)、ポ
リカーボネート(ＰＣ)、ポリ−４−メチルペンテン又は
含フッ素ポリマーである。
【００２２】更なる実施態様では、2乃至105本のファイ
バ６を云わゆる混合コネクタ又はコネクタバー５に直接
溶接することができる(図２及び３、超音波溶接プレ
ス)。この混合コネクタは、ファイバのコア材料と同一
の屈折率を有する材料からなり、同一材料であることが
好ましい。頻繁に使用されるコア材料の例はポリメタク
リル酸メチル及びポリカーポネートである。
【００２３】この型のカプラを製造するには、混合コネ
クタをブラスチック管３内に挿入し、その中心をプラス
チック管の中央に配置する。混合コネクタに溶接するフ
ァイバを束ね、同様に管内に挿入してコネクタに対して
配置する。超音波と圧力の作用によって、ファイバを混
合帯域に融着する。この方法は、溶接前にファイバから
クラッド材料を除く必要がない利点及び減衰値をかなり
増大させる差し込み接続をこの型のカプラに使用する必
要がないという利点がある。
【００２４】本発明の超音波溶接法は、光クラッドを有
するものと有しないものを含め全ての高分子光ファイバ
に好適である。光データ信号の伝送用カプラに好適に使
用される光ファイバは、接続点に光クラッドを有しない
ものである。一方、照明目的用のファイバ束しとて好適
な光ファイバは光クラッドを有するものである。
【００２５】超音波溶接技術は極めて短い溶接時間の使
用を可能にするが、最適実験条件下ではこれを一秒未満
に減らすことができる。本発明の方法は、簡単、安価且
つ時間節約的な方式で、極めて均質な構造の混合帯域を
有するカプラの製造を可能にするのである。
【００２６】
【実施例１】長さ0.4 m及び直径 1 mmの7本のポリカー
ボネート製プラスチック光ファイバの 3 cm域の光クラ
ッドを石油エーテルを用いて除去した。次に、ＰＭＭＡ
管(ｎk=1.49)をこの帯域に押し込んだ。このファイバの
屈折率はｎk=1.58であった。このＰＭＭＡ管は、内径が
3 mm、壁厚みが 1 mm、長さが 3 cmであった。
【００２７】この7本のファイバを、高分子及びセラミ
ックの加工で知られる商業入手可能な超音波溶接装置内
で、周波数20 kHzの超音波をあててＰＭＭＡ管に均質に
溶接した。
【００２８】接合部(光ファイバ束／ＰＭＭＡ管)を130
乃至150℃の温度に暖めることにより、非破壊的にこれ
らの部分を互いに溶接することができた。気泡形成を回
避するため、使用するファイバは暖める前に80℃、真空
下で24時間にわたり乾燥した。この超音波溶接装置の発
生機出力は 2 kWであった。ソノトロード振幅(ピーク-
ピーク)は30乃至50 μmの範囲内であった。この装置の
圧力は 2乃至 4バールであった。また、溶接時間は0.3
秒、保持時間は3秒であった。
【００２９】予備加熱した接合部を用いると、高い超音
波周波数(30乃至40 kHz)でも等しく良好な結果が得られ
た。混合帯域の全域にわたって良好に接合するために、
その後でファイバを挿入するＰＭＭＡ管をソノトロード
の動作域に配置した。図１はこの用具配置を示すもので
ある。
【００３０】伝送ミキサー内に形成される7×7スターカ
プラーは、2.4 dBの過剰損失(excess loss)を有し、そ
の出力ファイバ間で最大1.6 dBまで変動した。
【００３１】
【実施例２】実施例１の工程とは異なり、溶接する配置
を若干変更した。先ず、7本のポリカーボネートファイ
バ(直径1mm)を収縮可能スリーブを用いて束ねた。スリ
ーブの一方の側ではファイバの1cmが収縮可能スリーブ
で被われないようにし、且つスリーブの他方の側ではフ
ァイバの8cmが収縮可能スリーブで被われないようにし
た。収縮可能スリーブの長さは40mmであった。
【００３２】次に、端面を研磨したポリカーボネート製
のコネクタバー(直径2.9mm、長さ30mm)を長さ50 mmのＰ
ＭＭＡ管(内径 3 mm、壁厚 1 mm)に押し込んだ。次に、
ポリカーボネートバーがＰＭＭＡ管の中央部に位置する
ように、7本の個々のファイバを含むファイバ束をＰＭ
ＭＡ管の各端に挿入した。この配列を超音波を用いて実
施例１と同様に溶接した。
【００３３】圧力と超音波の作用が、ファイバ束とコネ
クタバーとを良好に融着した。更には、全域にわたり混
合帯域とファイバ束とが良好に整合した。
【００３４】入口チャンネル及び出口チャンネルの全体
で平均した挿入減衰は11.5 dBであり、約3.1 dBの過剰
損失を与えた。出口ファイバ間の差は 2 dBであった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】高分子光ファイバをＰＭＭＡ管で被い、それら
をソノトロードで互いに溶接プレスする様子を示す図で
ある。
【図２】高分子光ファイバの超音波溶接プレスを示す図
であって、ソノトロード及び溶接対象のＰＣファイバ、
ＰＣコネクタバー、及びＰＭＭＡ管の分解組み立て図で
ある。
【図３】高分子光ファイバの超音波溶接プレスを示す図
であって、ソノトロード及びＰＣファイバ、ＰＣコネク
タバー及びＰＭＭＡ管が組み上った状態を示す図であ
る。
【符号の説明】
１ ソノトロード ２ 高分子光ファイバ ３ ＰＭＭＡ管 ４ 収納具 ５ ＰＣコネクタバー ６ 高分子光ファイバ Ｐ 圧力
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 ヴェルナー・グロー ドイツ連邦共和国デー−6302 リッヒ, デュレフィター・シュトラーセ ７ (72)発明者 トマース・シュテーリン ドイツ連邦共和国デー−6238 ホフハイ ム・アム・タウヌス，ウビエルシュトラ ーセ 11 (72)発明者 ユルゲン・タイス ドイツ連邦共和国デー−6370 オーバー ウルゼル，ヴァイシュキルヒェナー・シ ュトラーセ 47 (56)参考文献 特開 平４−151107（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭54−139566（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平１−150104（ＪＰ，Ａ) 国際公開89／2608（ＷＯ，Ａ１) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) G02B 6/28

Claims (10)

    (57)【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項１】 ファイバを同じ方向に並べて束ね、か
    つ、それらを連結することによる高分子光ファイバ用光
    カプラの製造方法であって、 該ファイバを０.２乃至３時間にわたり５０乃至２５０
    ℃の温度とし、そして次に超音波を用いて該ファイバを
    溶接することから成る方法。
  2. 【請求項２】 溶接する部分の全域にわたり、該ファイ
    バがコア材料のみからなる請求項１の方法。
  3. 【請求項３】 高分子光ファイバ用光学的カプラの製造
    方法であって、 高分子光ファイバのコア材料と同じ屈折率の材料からな
    るコネクタバーをプラスチック管に挿入して、該コネク
    タバーを該プラスチック管の中央に配置し、 ２乃至105本の高分子光ファイバを該プラスチック管内
    に挿入して該コネクタバーと接触させ、 該ファイバを０.２乃至３時間にわたり５０乃至２５０
    ℃の範囲内の温度とし、 そして、超音波の作用によって該プラスチック管、該コ
    ネクタバー及び該ファイバ束を互いに溶接することから
    なる方法。
  4. 【請求項４】 溶接操作時に該ファイバと共に溶接して
    一体物を形成するプラスチック管が該ファイバ上に押し
    込まれる請求項１又は請求項３の方法。
  5. 【請求項５】 プラスチック管が高分子光ファイバのコ
    ア材料よりも低い屈折率を有する請求項４の方法。
  6. 【請求項６】 プラスチック管が、ポリメタクリル酸メ
    チル、ポリカーボネート、ポリ４−メチルペンテン又は
    フッ素化高分子から成る請求項４の方法。
  7. 【請求項７】 溶接後にプラスチック管を収縮可能スリ
    ーブで包む請求項４の方法。
  8. 【請求項８】 １乃至１０バール、好ましくは２乃至４
    バールの範囲の圧力で溶接過程を実施する請求項１又は
    請求項３の方法。
  9. 【請求項９】 １０乃至６０ｋＨｚ好ましくは２０乃至
    ４０ｋＨｚの範囲の周波数で該ファイバを溶接する請求
    項１又は請求項３の方法。
  10. 【請求項１０】 溶接時間が０.１乃至３秒間好ましく
    は０.１乃至１.５秒間の範囲内にあり、かつ、保持時間
    が０.１乃至１０秒間、好ましくは０.１乃至５秒間の範
    囲内にある請求項１又は請求項３の方法。
JP03314769A 1990-11-29 1991-11-28 高分子光ファイバ用光カプラの製造方法 Expired - Fee Related JP3129488B2 (ja)

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DE102008044938B4 (de) * 2008-08-29 2013-10-10 Schott Ag Verfahren zur Terminierung von lichtleitenden Faserbündeln sowie Hülse mit einem Faserbündel
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CN110026672B (zh) * 2019-04-01 2021-11-26 天津大学 超声空化焊方法
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US5300162A (en) 1994-04-05
EP0488309A1 (de) 1992-06-03
EP0488309B1 (de) 1995-05-10
KR920010321A (ko) 1992-06-26
JPH04268511A (ja) 1992-09-24
CN1061852A (zh) 1992-06-10
AU8824491A (en) 1992-06-04
AU641295B2 (en) 1993-09-16
ATE122471T1 (de) 1995-05-15
CN1030801C (zh) 1996-01-24
ES2071893T3 (es) 1995-07-01
DE59105439D1 (de) 1995-06-14
CA2056470A1 (en) 1992-05-30

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