JP3044021B1 - Ventilation structure of middle- and high-rise apartment houses - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a ventilation structure for a middle- and high-rise apartment house, in which an outside air communication port is provided on an outer wall of each dwelling unit to ventilate the interior and supplement the ventilation to further improve ventilation efficiency. An openable / closable outside air communication port is provided on each of outer walls Wa and Wb of each dwelling unit 1 on each floor to exchange indoor / outdoor air through these outside air communication ports, and each dwelling unit 1 on each floor is provided.
The exhaust pipes 3 which open horizontally through the outer walls Wb, Wc are provided on the outer walls Wb, Wc of the above, respectively, and the outdoor pipe ends of these exhaust pipes 3 are vertically communicated by the exhaust pipe 4, By opening the uppermost part of the exhaust stack 4 above the building, the indoor air of each dwelling unit 1 is discharged to the outside using the chimney effect generated in the exhaust stack 4.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ventilation structure for a middle- and high-rise apartment house.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, housing has become highly airtight due to the progress of construction methods and the spread of aluminum sash, but the adverse effects include dew condensation due to insufficient ventilation, propagation of mold, mites, bacteria, etc. Then, problems such as an increase in allergic diseases caused by them have arisen. It has also been pointed out that indoor harmful substances such as formaldehyde generated from building materials and the like cause so-called "sick house syndrome" and have carcinogenic properties. In addition, it has been pointed out that the high airtightness of houses has increased the reliance on mechanical air conditioning, which has led to an increase in energy consumption and an increasing number of dysfunctions in the autonomic nervous function that controls sweating and temperature regulation of the human body. is there.

[0003] Therefore, in a house, while improving indoor ventilation performance to prevent indoor pollution as described above,
In particular, it is important to improve the livability so as not to rely on mechanical air conditioning as much as possible even in summer.

[0004] From such a viewpoint, the present inventors have repeatedly conducted research on a ventilation structure of a house, which has effectively used the natural air circulation effect, in order to make the house particularly comfortable in a subtropical region. A ventilation structure for a house described in JP-A-10-110480 has been proposed and put into practical use.

[0005] The ventilation structure of the house, for example, in a two-story house, outside air communication ports are provided on the outer walls of the first and second floors to exchange indoor and outdoor air, and the first and second floors are exchanged.
Between the floor and the first floor ceiling plate, the second floor slab and the second floor floor plate are provided with ventilation holes to send the first floor air to the second floor,
Furthermore, the air on the second floor is discharged outside from the back of the hut. According to this, a large amount of outside air can be taken into a room where warmth or moisture tends to be trapped, and the indoor air can be quickly discharged to the outside. Can be maintained. Furthermore, if an openable louver is installed at the outside air communication port, even when you are away from home when the windows and doors are closed,
Since natural ventilation can be performed at all times, it is extremely effective in preventing dew condensation, mold, ticks and the like from occurring indoors.

[0006]

However, since the ventilation structure of a house as described above is basically designed on the assumption of a single-family house, the structure is applied to middle- and high-rise apartment houses such as apartments and condominiums. To apply, it is necessary to solve the following problems.

First, in a typical middle- and high-rise apartment house, as shown in FIG. 1, dwelling units 1 having substantially the same planar shape are arranged in a row, and a door wall P having no opening is provided between the dwelling units 1.
In addition to the above, a planar configuration in which a common corridor A and a balcony B are provided on both sides of the building, respectively, is frequently used. In such a middle- and high-rise apartment house, the openable outer wall is limited to two sides of the common corridor A side and the balcony B side. In addition, windows as large as possible are provided on the outer wall Wb on the balcony side with priority given to daylighting, and on the other side of the common corridor B, water-related equipment units such as a bathroom 17 and a toilet 18 are often arranged. Therefore, the outer wall on which the outside air communication port 2 can be provided is very limited. For example, as shown in the figure, the outside air communication port 2 can be provided only at one location on the common corridor A side and the balcony B side at most. However, this alone has a limit on the amount of ventilation that can be obtained. In particular, in an environment with severe weather conditions, it is required to provide an auxiliary means for supplementing this and further promoting ventilation.

Second, in order to efficiently perform natural ventilation, it is most effective to discharge indoor air from a high position by using the principle of rising warm air. Are completely separated by floor slabs, and usually, others live on the upper and lower floors, so that the indoor air of the lower-floor dwelling units cannot be directly sent to the upper-floor dwelling units. Therefore, it is also necessary to secure an exhaust path for exhausting indoor air upward in each dwelling unit on each floor.

The present invention has been made in order to solve such a problem, and an outside air communication port is provided on the outer wall of each dwelling unit to exchange indoor and outdoor air, and to supplement this to further improve ventilation efficiency. It is an object of the present invention to provide a ventilation structure for a middle-to-high-rise apartment building, which can provide comfortable ventilation of a middle-to-high-rise apartment house, particularly in a subtropical region.

[0010]

According to the ventilation structure of a high-rise apartment house of the present invention, openable and closable outside air communication ports are provided on the outer wall of each dwelling unit on each floor to exchange indoor and outdoor air through these outside air communication ports. On the outer wall of each dwelling unit on each floor, exhaust pipes penetrating the outer wall in the horizontal direction and opening indoors are provided, and the outdoor pipe ends of these exhaust pipes are vertically communicated with each other by an exhaust pipe. A ventilating structure for a middle- and high-rise apartment building, wherein the uppermost portion is formed by projecting above the ridge and opening the room, thereby discharging the indoor air of each dwelling unit to the outside by utilizing a chimney effect generated in an exhaust pipe. Is characterized in that a fire prevention damper comprising a pair of butterfly dampers in which the operation directions of shielding plates for shielding the exhaust pipe are opposite to each other is built in.

That is, in the ventilation structure of this middle- and high-rise apartment house, an exhaust pipe is provided separately from the outside air communication port on the outer wall of each dwelling unit, and each exhaust pipe is communicated with an exhaust pipe extending upward. It is intended to efficiently exhaust indoor air by using the chimney effect generated in the air. A large amount of outside air is taken in by promoting the discharge of indoor air, so the rise in indoor temperature and humidity is suppressed even in summer,
The occurrence of dew condensation, mold, ticks, etc. is prevented.

[0012]

[0013]

[0014]

A fire damper is a door-shaped or valve-shaped device that automatically closes the pipe when the thermal fuse melts in a fire. By incorporating this in the exhaust pipe, even if a fire occurs in the dwelling unit on the lower floor, it is possible to prevent hot air or smoke from being blown into the dwelling unit on the upper floor through the exhaust pipe.

[0016] By using the fire damper as a pair of butterfly dampers in which the operating directions of the shielding plates for shielding the exhaust pipe are opposite to each other, it is possible to more completely prevent the spread of fire to the dwelling units on the upper floor. it can.

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an intermediate floor of a middle- and high-rise apartment house according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of the middle and high-rise apartment house.

This middle- and high-rise apartment building is, for example, a four-story reinforced concrete structure building. On each floor, dwelling units 1 partitioned in a substantially rectangular plane shape are arranged in a row, and a common corridor A and a balcony B are provided on both sides thereof. It has a planar configuration provided. Each dwelling unit 1 is partitioned in a horizontal direction by a door boundary wall P and in a vertical direction by a floor slab S.

Each dwelling unit 1 has a so-called 3DK layout,
A dining kitchen 12 is arranged continuously to the entrance 11 provided facing the common corridor A, and a Western room 1 is provided on the common corridor A side.
3. Two Japanese rooms 14, 15 are arranged on the balcony B side. On the common corridor A side, a washroom 16, a bathroom 17 and a toilet 18 are arranged to collect water-related equipment, and a pipe shaft 19 is provided beside the entrance 11 for inspection from the common corridor A side.・ Can be managed. The western room 13 has a waist window and two Japanese rooms 14,1.
5 is provided with a sweep window. Further, the outer wall Wa on the common corridor A side of the Western room 13 and one of the Japanese rooms 1
The outside wall Wb on the balcony B side of No. 4 is provided with a vertically elongated outside air communication port 2, and an openable louver 21 for the outside wall is attached here.

The outer wall louver 21 is, for example, the outer wall louver 2 of Japanese Patent No. 20332787 filed by the present applicant.
3, a louver frame 22 having a vertically long shape and constituting four sides of upper, lower, left and right, as shown in FIGS.
A large number of horizontally long louver units 23 that are guided by the left and right vertical frames of the louver frame 22 and move up and down are provided.

One set of louver units 23 includes one armor piece 24, two shelf members 25, and one packing material 26.
It consists of. The armor piece 24 is an aluminum molded product having a uniform cross-section having a length that fits between the left and right vertical frames, and has an inclined portion 24a having a low outside, an outer vertical portion 24b having an outer edge of the inclined portion 24a hanging down, and an inclined portion. 24a, the inner vertical portion 24c of which the inner edge is raised, and the inner vertical portion 24c
And a top portion 24d whose upper edge is bent outward is integrally formed, and further, a bag-shaped shelf support portion 2 is provided inside the outer vertical portion 24b.
4e, the packing material supporting portion 2 is provided on the lower surface of the inner edge of the inclined portion 24a.
4f are integrally formed. At both left and right ends of the armor piece 24, a shelf member 25 made of a resilient plastic molded product is attached to the shelf support portion 24e, and is slidable up and down along the left and right vertical frames of the louver frame 22. It has been done. The shelf member 25 has a tip portion 25a at the inner edge thereof for lifting the top portion 24d of the armor piece 24.
5a is engaged with the lower surface of the top 24d of the armor piece 24 of another louver unit 23 located below. The packing material 26 is made of synthetic rubber, is inserted and supported by the packing material support portion 24f of the armor piece 24, and has a lower end extending downward like a fin.

The louver unit 23 is housed in the louver frame 22 in a state of being suspended from the top by the engagement of the top 24d of the armor piece 24 and the tip end 25a of the shelf member 25, and the uppermost louver unit 23 is provided. An operation wire (not shown) or the like is attached to the device so that it can be moved up and down. Then, when the wire is pulled up, the upper louver unit 23 sequentially rises, and as shown in FIG. Further, when the wire is returned, the louver unit 23 descends, the intervals between the armor pieces 24 are closed in order from the lower stage, and the ventilation is blocked as shown in FIG. A packing material 26 is sandwiched between the vertically adjacent armor pieces 24 so that the upper louver unit 2
3, the louver unit 23 is pressed by gravity.
The space is hermetically and water-tightly sealed. This lifting operation is
This is possible for each outer wall louver 21.

By providing such louvers 21 for the outer wall on the common corridor A side and the balcony B side of the dwelling unit 1 and opening between the armor pieces 24, the outside air can be taken into the room through the outside air communication port 2. , Can discharge indoor air. When the weather condition is not so severe, the louver 21 for the outer wall is operated to open the outside air communication port 2.
It is possible to make indoors sufficiently comfortable just by opening and closing the door, and it is possible to prevent the occurrence of dew condensation, mold, ticks and the like. However, in an extremely hot environment such as in a subtropical region, there are cases where ventilation with the outside air communication port 2 alone is not sufficient. Therefore, in the present invention, an exhaust path for further promoting indoor air discharge is provided.

The exhaust path is defined by the outer walls Wb, W
The exhaust pipe 3 extends horizontally through the exhaust pipe 3 and an exhaust pipe 4 vertically communicates the ends of the exhaust pipes 3 on the outdoor side.

The exhaust pipe 3 is provided at one place on the outer wall Wc for partitioning the indoor and the pipe shaft 19 for each dwelling unit 1.
4 are provided at one location on the outer wall Wb on the balcony B side, each at a high position near the ceiling. The indoor end of the exhaust pipe 3 is formed on the inner wall surface so as to be flush with or slightly project from the inner wall surface, and is open to the indoor side. On the other hand, the pipe end on the outdoor side is slightly longer than the pipe end on the indoor side, and is connected to the exhaust pipe 4 so as to protrude in the outdoor direction.

The exhaust pipes 4 are provided vertically on the common corridor A side and the balcony B side of each dwelling unit 1, and are connected to the exhaust pipe 3 protruding from each dwelling unit 1. And it is extended upward so as to penetrate the upper and lower floors of this middle- and high-rise apartment building, and its upper end is opened to protrude above the ridge. An exhaust fan 41 that generates a negative pressure in the exhaust tube 4 while being rotated by natural wind is attached to an uppermost portion of the exhaust tube 4. The lowermost part of the exhaust pipe 4 is closed at a position slightly lower than the exhaust pipe 3 protruding from the dwelling unit 1 on the lowest floor. Although the exhaust pipe 4 provided on the balcony B side is exposed on the balcony B, the exhaust pipe 4 provided on the common corridor A side is accommodated in the pipe shaft 19 of each dwelling unit 1.

By providing the exhaust pipe 3 and the exhaust pipe 4 in this manner, warm air trapped near the indoor ceiling naturally flows out through the exhaust pipe 3 and rises inside the exhaust pipe 4 and is discharged outside. You. Then, fresh outside air flows into the room through the outside air communication port 2, and ventilation is further promoted. As described above, the ventilation efficiency of the outside air communication port 2 is improved by using the chimney effect generated in the exhaust pipe 4 due to the rise of the warm air, thereby suppressing the rise in indoor temperature and humidity even in a severely hot environment such as a subtropical region. And mold, mite, etc. can be completely prevented.

The exhaust pipe 3 has a built-in fire damper 5 as shown in FIGS. The fire damper 5 is incorporated in a cylindrical body 51 formed so as to be inscribed in the exhaust pipe 3, and the ventilation is blocked by opening the inside of the cylindrical body 51 with a pair of substantially semicircular shielding plates 52. , Two sets of shielding mechanisms called so-called butterfly dampers. One set of butterfly dampers includes a shielding plate support shaft 53 provided so as to cross the center of the cylindrical body 51.
And a pair of shielding plates 52 rotatably mounted on the shielding plate support shaft 53, and a temperature fuse 5 in which the pair of shielding plates 52 are overlapped and held in a posture parallel to the axial direction of the cylindrical body 51.
4, a spring (not shown) for urging the overlappingly held shielding plates 52 to open each other, and a stopper 55 protruding from the inner surface of the cylindrical body 51. In the event of a fire, the melting portion 56 of the thermal fuse 54 melts at a predetermined temperature to release the shielding plate 52 from the sandwiched state, and the released shielding plates 52 are opened to the opposite sides by the biasing force of the spring. The plates 52 abut against the stoppers 55 so as to form a substantially circular shielding surface orthogonal to the axial direction of the cylindrical body 51.

Two sets of the butterfly dampers are incorporated in the cylindrical body 51 so that the thermal fuses 54 are located on opposite sides of each other to form the fireproof damper 5. By incorporating such a fire damper 5 in each exhaust pipe 3, even if a fire occurs in any one of the dwelling units 1, the inside of the exhaust pipe 3 is shut off and the dwelling unit 1 on the upper floor is spread by hot air or smoke. Can be prevented.

The reason why two sets of butterfly dampers are provided in each exhaust pipe 3 is that when a fire occurs in a certain dwelling unit 1, first, the hot air flowing out of the dwelling unit 1 at the source of the fire is converted into the indoor temperature. Detected by the fuse 54 and the indoor shielding plate 5
While opening 2 to shut off the exhaust pipe 3 of the dwelling unit 1 at the origin of the fire, when strong hot air reaches the dwelling unit 1 at the upper floor of the dwelling unit 1 at the origin of the fire, the hot air flows into the dwelling unit 1 at the upper floor. To the outdoor side thermal fuse 54 provided in the exhaust pipe 3 of the dwelling unit 1.
This is for opening and blocking the outdoor shield plate 52. Furthermore, by incorporating a pair of butterfly dampers so that the operation directions of the respective shield plates 52 are opposite to each other, even if the spring that biases the shield plates 52 is melted by the heat of a fire, At least one of the shield plates 52 abuts on the stopper 55 while being opened, and resists the ventilation in the exhaust pipe 3. Therefore, the ventilation in the exhaust pipe 3 is shut off in both directions, so that the spread of fire can be more completely prevented.

[0032]

Since the exhaust pipe 3, the exhaust pipe 4, and the fire damper 5 are important equipment for preventing the spread of fire during a fire, they are made of a non-combustible material such as stainless steel or iron. It is preferable that a portion accommodated in the interior 19 be provided with a fire-resistant coating made of a non-combustible material.

As described above, according to the ventilation structure of the middle- and high-rise apartment house of the present invention, indoor ventilation is performed through the openable / closable outside air communication port 2 provided on the outer wall Wa, Wb of each dwelling unit 1. Since the exhaust of indoor air is promoted through the exhaust pipe 3 provided through the outer walls Wb and Wc of each dwelling unit 1 and the exhaust pipe 4 which communicates with the exhaust pipe 3 in the vertical direction and extends upward. , Ventilation efficiency is further improved.
Therefore, even in a very hot environment such as a subtropical region, an increase in indoor temperature and humidity can be suppressed, and dew condensation, generation of mold, ticks, and the like can be completely prevented.

In addition, by disposing the exhaust pipe 4 in the pipe shaft 19, it is possible to prevent the exhaust pipe 4 from being exposed to the common corridor A and to impair the aesthetic appearance. By preventing the width from being reduced, it becomes easy to secure the minimum effective width of the common corridor A required as an evacuation route.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, each dwelling unit 1 has a common corridor side and a balcony side.
Although the exhaust pipe 3 and the exhaust pipe 4 communicating with the exhaust pipe 3 are provided at the location, depending on the area of the dwelling unit 1 or the shape of the middle- and high-rise apartment or the site conditions, for each dwelling unit, only one or three or more locations are provided. The exhaust pipe 3 and the exhaust pipe 4 may be provided.

In the present invention, the outside air communication port 2 is not limited to the louver 21 for the outer wall, but may be any other known louver or gull that can open and close the communication with the outside air.

[0038]

According to the ventilation structure of a middle- and high-rise apartment house of the present invention, ventilation is performed through an openable / closable outside air communication port provided on the outer wall of each dwelling unit, and the ventilation system is provided through the outer wall of each dwelling unit. Since the exhaust of indoor air is promoted through the exhaust pipe and the exhaust pipe extending vertically by communicating the exhaust pipe in the vertical direction, the ventilation efficiency is further improved. Therefore, even in a very hot environment such as a subtropical region, an increase in indoor temperature and humidity can be suppressed, and dew condensation, generation of mold, ticks, and the like can be completely prevented.

[0039]

Further, by incorporating a fire prevention damper for shutting off the exhaust pipe in the event of a fire in the exhaust pipe, it is possible to prevent a fire from spreading from a dwelling unit on a lower floor to a dwelling unit on an upper floor.
And, by using the fire damper as a pair of butterfly dampers in which the operation directions of the shielding plates for shielding the exhaust pipe are opposite to each other, it is possible to more completely prevent the fire from spreading to the dwelling units on the upper floor.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a plan configuration of an intermediate floor of a general middle-high-rise apartment building and an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a middle- and high-rise apartment building showing the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an outdoor front view of a louver for an outer wall provided at an outside air communication port.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which the louver unit of the outer wall louver is opened.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a closed state of the louver unit of the outer wall louver.

FIG. 6 is a schematic vertical sectional view of the exhaust pipe showing a state in which a fire damper is built in the exhaust pipe.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an operation state of the fire prevention damper.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dwelling unit 2 Outside air communication port 3 Exhaust pipe 4 Exhaust pipe 5 Fire prevention damper 52 Shielding plate 19 Pipe shaft Wa, Wb, Wc Outer wall

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E04F 1/70 E04F 17/00-17/04 F24F 7/02-13/14

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. An openable / closable outside air communication port is provided on an outer wall of each dwelling unit on each floor to exchange indoor and outdoor air through the outside air communication port, and an outer wall is horizontally penetrated through an outer wall of each dwelling unit on each floor. By providing exhaust pipes that open indoors, the ends of these exhaust pipes on the outdoor side are vertically communicated by exhaust pipes, and the uppermost part of the exhaust pipes is projected upward above the ridge and opened. , Middle and high-rise buildings that use the chimney effect generated in the exhaust stack to discharge indoor air from each dwelling unit to the outside
The ventilation structure of a condominium, wherein the exhaust pipe includes an exhaust pipe.
A pair of shield plates with opposite operation directions
Built-in fire damper consisting of butterfly damper
The ventilation structure of a middle- and high-rise apartment house.