JP4293391B2

JP4293391B2 - Ventilation equipment

Info

Publication number: JP4293391B2
Application number: JP06096499A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 昭憲細井
Original assignee: Fujita Corp
Current assignee: Fujita Corp
Priority date: 1999-03-09
Filing date: 1999-03-09
Publication date: 2009-07-08
Anticipated expiration: 2019-03-09
Also published as: JP2000257937A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は冬期と夏期に応じてそれぞれ適切な環境が得られるようにした換気装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、例えば、集合住宅の居室部などの換気は、窓を開放して自然換気を行う場合を除き、外壁に開けられた換気口を介して行われる。
この換気口は、外壁に１００Φ程度の円形スリーブを貫通させ、室内側に換気口の開閉が可能な装置を持つ構造となっている。
そして、換気は室内と室外に圧力差がある場合に行われる。圧力差は、室内外の温度差や、風圧力、あるいは室内で排気ファンを駆動することで室内側が負圧になる場合に生じる。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このような従来の換気方式では次のような不具合がある。
（冬期）
冷たい外気が換気口から直接室内に入り込み、不快なドラフトとなる可能性が高い。実際にはこのような換気口は、冬期に、居住者によって閉じられてしまう場合が多く、窓を閉めきった冬期の、唯一の換気手段が失われる不具合が生じる。
また、暖房方式のいかんに関わらず、室内に大きな上下温度分布が生じ、天井付近が暖かく、床付近は寒い状態となる。
（夏期）
冬期と同様天井付近に熱だまりが生じ、結果的に天井面の温度が上昇して室内の放射環境が悪化する恐れがある。そして、従来の換気方式ではこれに対処することができず、天井付近の熱だまりの速やかな排出が要望されていた。
本発明は前記事情に鑑み案出されたものであって、本発明の目的は、冬期においては供給外気がドラフトとならないような機能、部屋の上下の換気機能、夏期においては天井付近の熱だまりを速やかに排出できる機能を持つ換気装置を提供することにある。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的を達成するため本発明の換気装置は、上下に延在する第１空間を有する第１換気ボックスと、上下に延在する第２空間を有する第２換気ボックスとを備え、前記第１空間は中間壁により上側に位置する上部空間と下側に位置する下部空間とに仕切られ、前記第１換気ボックスを構成する壁部で前記上部空間の上部に臨む箇所に屋内と上部空間とを連通する上部開口が設けられ、前記上部開口に該上部開口を開閉する上部開口用開閉弁が設けられ、前記第１換気ボックスを構成する壁部で前記下部空間に臨む箇所に屋内と下部空間を連通する下部開口が設けられ、前記上部空間と屋外とを連通する第１給排気通路が設けられ、前記第１給排気通路に正逆転可能な給排気用ファンが配設され、前記下部空間と屋外とを連通する第２給排気通路が設けられ、前記第２空間と前記屋内の下部とを連通する下部連通路が設けられ、前記第２空間の空気を前記下部連通路から屋内に吹き出させる循環用ファンが設けられ、前記第２空間の上部と屋内の上部とを連通する上部連通路が設けられ、前記第２空間と前記上部空間との間を遮断しかつ前記第２空間と前記下部連通路を連通する第１の状態と、前記第２空間と前記上部空間を連通させかつ前記第２空間と前記下部連通路との間を遮断する第２の状態とに切り換える切り換え手段が設けられていることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、前記第１換気ボックスと第２換気ボックスは一体に形成された複合換気ボックスであり、この複合換気ボックスを構成する一枚の壁部により前記第１空間と第２空間が仕切られていることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、前記切り換え手段が、前記第１空間と第２空間とを仕切る壁部で前記上部空間に臨む箇所に第２空間と上部空間を連通するように設けられた連通開口と、この連通開口を開閉し連通開口を閉じた状態で第２空間と前記下部連通路とを連通させ連通開口を開いた状態で第２空間と下部連通路との間を遮断する連通開口用開閉弁とで構成されていることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、屋内外を仕切る外壁が設けられ、前記複合換気ボックスは、前記第１空間が屋内寄りに位置し、第２空間が前記外壁寄りに位置するように前記外壁に寄せて配置されていることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、前記第１空間と第２空間を仕切る複合換気ボックスの壁部と前記外壁は対向し、前記第２空間はこれら複合換気ボックスの壁部と外壁の間で上下に延在していることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、前記第１給排気通路と第２給排気通路は前記外壁に貫通された貫通孔と、この貫通孔に接続され前記第２空間中を横切る管体によりそれぞれ形成されていることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、前記第１空間が前記下部空間の下に仕切られた下端空間をさらに有し、前記下端空間は前記第２空間の下端と屋内とを連通しており、前記下部連通路は前記下端空間により構成されていることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、前記複合換気ボックスが前記下部空間と下端空間を仕切る底壁を有し、前記下端空間は前記底壁と床の間に延在していことを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、屋内の上部が天井により仕切られ、天井の上方で上階スラブの下方に天井懐が区画され、前記天井には屋内と天井懐とを連通する天井開口が設けられ、前記上部連通路は前記天井開口と天井懐とを含んで構成されていることを特徴とする。
【０００５】
（冬期）
冬期には、切り換え手段により第１の状態とし、上部開口用開閉弁を開いて上部開口を開放し、外気が屋内に導入されるように給排気用ファンを正転させ、また、循環用ファンを正転させる。
給排気用ファンの正転により、外気は第１給排気通路、上部空間を通って上部開口から天井付近に吹き出し、天井付近の暖気と混合される。
循環用ファンの正転により天井付近の暖気は、上部連通路、第２空間、下部連通路から床上に吹き出される。
（夏期）
夏期には、切り換え手段により第２の状態とし、上部開口用開閉弁を閉じて上部開口を閉塞し、屋内の空気が屋外に排出されるように給排気用を逆転させ、また、循環用ファンを停止させる。
給排気用ファンの逆転により、上部空間や第２空間、天井懐は負圧となり、天井付近の暖気は、上部連通路、第２空間、連通開口、上部空間を通り、第１給排気通路から屋外に排出される。
また、屋内も負圧になることから、外気は第２給排気通路から吸い込まれ、下部連通路を通り屋内の下部に吹き出される。
【０００６】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を添付図面にしたがって説明する。
図１は換気装置の斜視図、図２は図１のＡ矢印から見た換気ボックスの背面図、図３は換気ボックスの断面図で冬期における空気の流れの説明図、図４は換気ボックスの断面図で夏期における空気の流れの説明図を示す。
換気装置１２は屋内１４に配置される複合換気ボックス１６を備えている。
ここで屋内１４とは、居室などの室内や、会議室、ロビー、食堂など、建物の内部の空間を広く含むものである。
前記複合換気ボックス１６は、本実施の形態では建物の二つの壁１８、２０の端部が交わる隅部に配置され、一方の壁１８は屋内１４と屋外２２とを仕切る外壁であり、前記隅部には柱の２面を覆う角部（柱型）２４が設けられている。
前記複合換気ボックス１６は平面視矩形で上下に縦長に形成され、その２面を前記外壁１８と角部２４の一方の側面２４０２とに接触させて配置され、その下面は床２６上に載置され、その上端は、図３、図４に示すように、天井２８の上方に突出し天井懐３２を通って上階スラブ３０に接触している。本実施の形態では、複合換気ボックス１６は縦横共に約３０ｃｍ程度の矩形に形成されている。
【０００７】
前記複合換気ボックス１６は、図１、図２に示すように、外壁１８と離れた外壁１８の前方箇所で外壁１８と平行して延在し床２６に載置される前壁１６１０と、前記角部２４の一方の側面２４０２と離れた箇所で前記側面２４０２と平行して延在し床２６に載置される左側壁１６２０と、左側壁１６２０の先端が外壁１８に接触した状態で外壁１８と離れた箇所で外壁１８および前壁１６１０に平行して延在し床２６に載置される後壁１６３０と、後壁１６２０の右端と前壁１６１０の右端とを接続し角部２４の一方の側面２４０２に接触した状態で配設され床２６に載置される右側壁１６４０とを備えている。本実施の形態では、左側壁１６２０はメインテナンスが行ない易いように脱着可能に設けられ、また、外壁１８と後壁１６３０は約１０ｃｍ程度離れている。
前記前壁１６１０は、前記角部２４の他方の側面２４０４と同一面上に位置するように設けられ、複合換気ボックス１６を配置しても部屋の美観性が損なわれず、また、違和感が生じないように考慮されている。
また、複合換気ボックス１６は、天井懐３２内に位置する箇所で前壁１６１０の上端寄り部分と、左側壁１６２０の上端寄り部分と、後壁１６３０の上端と、右側壁１６４０の上端とを接続する上壁１６５０を備えている。
【０００８】
前記前壁１６１０、左側壁１６２０、後壁１６３０、右側壁１６４０の各下端寄りで床２６の上方に離れた箇所には、これらの壁１６１０，１６２０，１６３０，１６４０を接続する底壁１６６０が設けられている。
本実施の形態では、前記前壁１６１０、左側壁１６２０、後壁１６３０、右側壁１６４０により上下に延在する第１空間３４が形成され、また、外壁１８、角部２４の一方の側面２４０２、左側壁１６２０、後壁１６３０により前記第１空間と並んで上下に延在する第２空間３６が形成されており、第１空間３４を有する第１換気ボックスと第２空間３６を有する第２換気ボックスが一体に形成された複合換気ボックス１６となっている。
そして、第１空間３４を上下に仕切るように中間壁１６７０が設けられ、この中間壁１６７０と前記上壁１６５０、底壁１６６０により第１空間３４は上側に位置する上部空間４０と下側に位置する下部空間４２と、この下部空間４２の更に下側に位置する下端空間４４とに区画されている。
前記下端空間４４の底部は床２６により閉塞され、したがって、下端空間４４の底部を仕切る底面は床２６により構成されている。そして、下端空間４４に臨む後壁１６３０箇所に第２空間３６の下端と下端空間４４を連通する開口４６が設けられ、下端空間４４の内部で開口４６に臨む部分に循環用ファン４８が配設されている。本実施の形態では、下端空間４４により、第２空間３６と屋内１４の下部とを連通する下部連通路が構成されている。
【０００９】
前記前壁１６１０が前記上部空間４０の上部に臨む箇所には、屋内１４と上部空間４０とを連通する上部開口５２が設けられ、上部開口５２には、該上部開口５２を開閉する上部開口用開閉弁５４が設けられている。本実施の形態では、上部開口５２の床２６からの高さは約１８０ｃｍ程度である。
前記前壁１６１０が前記下部空間４２に臨む箇所には、屋内１４と下部空間４２を連通する下部開口５６が設けられている。本実施の形態では、下部開口５６の床２６からの高さは約４０ｃｍ程度である。
前記前壁１６１０が前記下端空間４４に臨む箇所には、屋内１４と下端空間４４を連通する下端開口５８が設けられている。
【００１０】
前記後壁１６３０が前記上部空間４０に臨む箇所には、第２空間３６と上部空間４０を連通する連通開口６０が設けられ、前記連通開口６０には、該連通開口６０を開閉する連通開口用開閉弁６２が設けられている。
前記連通開口用開閉弁６２は、連通開口６０を閉じた状態で、第２空間３６と上部空間４０との間を遮断し、かつ、連通開口６０よりも上方の第２空間３６の部分と連通開口６０よりも下方の第２空間３６の部分とを連通させ、また、連通開口６０を開いた状態で、第２空間３６と上部空間４０とを連通させ、かつ、連通開口６０よりも上方の第２空間３６の部分と連通開口６０よりも下方の第２空間３６の部分との間を遮断するように構成されている。
したがって、前記連通開口用開閉弁６２により連通開口６０を閉じると、図３に示すように、第２空間３６と上部空間４０との間が遮断され、かつ、第２空間３６と下端空間４４とが連通される第１の状態が構成され、前記連通開口用開閉弁６２により連通開口６０を開くと、図４に示すように、第２空間３６と上部空間４０とが連通され、かつ、第２空間３６と下端空間４４との間が遮断される第２の状態が構成され、連通開口６０と連通開口用開閉弁６２により特許請求の範囲の切り換え手段が構成されている。
【００１１】
また、前記上部空間４０の下部と屋外２２とを連通するように第１給排気通路６４が設けられ、第１給排気通路６４には正逆転可能な給排気用ファン６６が配設されている。
本実施の形態では、前記第１給排気通路６４は、前記外壁１８に貫通された貫通孔６４０２と、この貫通孔６４０２に接続され前記第２空間３６中を横切る管体６４０４により形成されている。
また、前記下部空間４２と屋外２２とを連通するように第２給排気通路６８が設けられている。
本実施の形態では、前記第２給排気通路６８は、前記外壁１８に貫通された貫通孔６８０２と、この貫通孔６８０２に接続され前記第２空間３６中を横切る管体６８０４により形成されている。
【００１２】
さらに、前記第２空間３６の上部と屋内１４の上部とを連通する上部連通路７０が設けられている。
本実施の形態では、前壁１６１０が天井懐３２に臨む部分に上端開口７２が設けられ、また、天井２８に、屋内１４と天井懐３２とを連通する天井開口２８０２が設けられ、前記上部連通路７０はこれら天井開口２８０２、天井懐３２、上端開口７２、上壁１６５０の上方部分により構成されている。
図１において符号８０は制御盤を示しており、制御盤８０には循環用ファン４８の駆動スイッチ、給排気用ファン６６の正逆転スイッチ、上部開口用開閉弁５４の開閉スイッチ、連通開口用開閉弁６２の開閉スイッチが、それぞれ冬期と夏期とでに何れに操作するかの表示と共に設けられている。なお、上部開口用開閉弁５４や連通開口用開閉弁６２の開閉は、リンク機構などを用いて機械的に行なうようにしてもよく、あるいは、ソレノイドなどのアクチュエータを用いて電気的に行なうようにしてもよく、任意である。
【００１３】
次に換気装置１２の作用について説明する。
（冬期）
冬期には、図３に示すように、上部開口用開閉弁５４を開いて上部開口５２を開放し、連通開口用開閉弁６２を閉じて連通開口６０を閉塞し、外気が屋内１４に導入されるように給排気用ファン６６を正転させ、また、第２空間３６の空気が下端空間４４を通り下端開口５８から屋内１４に供給されるように循環用ファン４８を正転させる。
給排気用ファン６６の正転により、冷たい外気は第１給排気通路６４、上部空間４０を通って上部開口５２から天井２８付近に吹き出し、天井２８付近の暖気と混合される。
【００１４】
そして、給排気用ファン６６の正転により屋内１４は正圧となり、屋内１４の空気は下部開口５６から下部空間４２、第２給排気通路６８を通って屋外２２に排出される。
また、循環用ファン４８の正転により天井２８付近の暖気は、天井開口２８０２から天井懐３２に吸い込まれ、上端開口７２、上部連通路７０、第２空間３６、下端空間４４を通って下端開口５８から床２６上に吹き出され、これにより、屋内１４の上下の換気が行なわれる。
したがって、冬期において換気装置１２によりドラフトを感じるなどの不具合を解消でき、また、屋内１４の大きな上下温度分布の発生を防止する上で有利となる。
さらに、副次的な効果として、給排気用ファン６６の正転により屋内１４が常に正圧に保たれることから隙間風の屋内１４への侵入が軽減される。
【００１５】
（夏期）
夏期には、図４に示すように、上部開口用開閉弁５４を閉じて上部開口５２を閉塞し、連通開口用開閉弁６２を開いて連通開口６０を開放し、上部空間４０の空気が屋外２２に排出されるように給排気用ファン６６を逆転させ、また、循環用ファン４８を停止させる。
給排気用ファン６６の逆転により、上部空間４０や第２空間３６、天井懐３２は負圧となり、天井２８付近の暖気（熱だまり）は、天井開口２８０２から天井懐３２に吸い込まれ、上端開口７２、上部連通路７０、第２空間３６、連通開口６０、上部空間４０を通り、第１給排気通路６４から屋外２２に排出される。
また、屋内１４も負圧になることから、外気は第２給排気通路６８から吸い込まれ、下部空間４２を通り下部開口５６から屋内１４の下部に吹き出され、上記の天井２８付近の暖気が天井開口２８０２から吸い込まれることと相俟って屋内１４の上下の換気が行なわれる。
したがって、夏期において換気装置１２により屋内１４の上下換気を行なえることは無論のこと、天井２８の焼き付きも防止できる。
【００１６】
また、本実施の形態では、第１換気ボックスと第２換気ボックスが一体に形成された複合換気ボックス１６を用いたので、双方の換気ボックスを別々に作る場合に比べて部品点数の削減や軽量化が図れることは無論のこと、上述の第１の状態と第２の状態とを切り換える切り換え手段を、連通開口用開閉弁６２を開閉させるといった簡単な構造により構成することも可能となる。
また、第１空間３４が屋内１４寄りに位置し、第２空間３６が外壁１８寄りに位置するように、複合換気ボックス１６を外壁１８に寄せて（付けて）配置したので、前記第１給排気通路６４を構成する管体６４０４や、第２給排気通路６８を構成する管体６８０４が外部に露出せず、したがって美観性の点で有利となる。
また、外壁１８を利用して第２空間３６の一面を仕切きれ、これにより第２空間３６を仕切るための板材を１枚省略でき、コストダウンを図る上で有利となっている。
さらに本実施の形態では、複合換気ボックス１６を屋内の隅部に付けて配置したので、角部２４の側面２４０２により第２空間３６の一面が仕切られ、前記外壁１８と合わせ第２空間３６を仕切るための板材を２枚省略しており、コストダウンを図る上でより有利となっている。
【００１７】
なお、本実施の形態では、第１空間３４を有する第１換気ボックスと第２空間３６を有する第２換気ボックスが一体に形成された複合換気ボックス１６を用いた場合について説明したが、これら第１換気ボックスと第２換気ボックスとを別々に設け、互いに離して設置するようにしてもよい。そして、第１換気ボックスや第２換気ボックス、あるいは、複合換気ボックス１６の形状も断面が三角や円形など任意であり、屋内に設置される箇所に応じてその形状が適宜決定されるものである。例えば、ロビーなどの屋内の比較的広い空間に配置される場合には、同心に設けた内外２重筒を用いて複合換気ボックスを構成し、内側の筒体の内部を第２空間とし、外側の筒体の内側で内側の筒体の外側の環状の空間を第１空間として構成することも可能である。
また、下部連通路（下端空間４４）は左側壁１６２０に開口を形成することで、あるいは管体を用いることで構成できる。
また、第１換気ボックスや第２換気ボックス、あるいは複合換気ボックス１６は、少なくともその上部が屋内１４空間の上部に位置する高さを有しておればよく、その上部が天井２８を突き抜ける必要はない。その場合には、上部連通路７０は天井懐を利用せず前記と同様に左側壁１６２０に開口を形成することで、あるいは管体を用いることで構成でき、種々の態様が考えられる。
【００１８】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明で明らかなように本発明によれば、冬期においては供給外気がドラフトとならないような機能、部屋の上下の換気機能、夏期においては天井付近の熱だまりを速やかに排出できる機能を有する換気装置が得られ、特に、外壁を有する集合住宅などに用いられて好適となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】換気装置の斜視図である。
【図２】図１のＡ矢印から見た換気ボックスの背面図である。
【図３】換気ボックスの断面図で冬期における空気の流れの説明図である。
【図４】換気ボックスの断面図で夏期における空気の流れの説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１２換気装置
１４屋内
１６複合換気ボックス
１８外壁
２２屋外
３４第１空間
３６第２空間
４０上部空間
４２下部空間
４４下端空間
４８循環用ファン
６６給排気用ファン[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a ventilator that can provide appropriate environments according to winter and summer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, for example, ventilation of apartment rooms or the like in apartment buildings is performed through a ventilation opening opened on the outer wall, except when natural ventilation is performed by opening a window.
This ventilation port has a structure in which a circular sleeve of about 100Φ is passed through the outer wall and a device that can open and close the ventilation port on the indoor side.
Ventilation is performed when there is a pressure difference between the room and the room. The pressure difference occurs when the temperature inside and outside the room, the wind pressure, or when the indoor side becomes negative pressure by driving the exhaust fan indoors.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Such a conventional ventilation system has the following problems.
(Winter)
There is a high possibility that cold outside air will enter the room directly from the ventilation opening and become an uncomfortable draft. In practice, such a vent is often closed by a resident during the winter, and the problem arises that the only ventilation means is lost in the winter when the window is closed.
Regardless of the heating method, a large vertical temperature distribution occurs in the room, the ceiling is warm, and the floor is cold.
(summer)
As in the winter, a pool of heat is generated near the ceiling, and as a result, the temperature of the ceiling surface rises and the indoor radiation environment may deteriorate. The conventional ventilation system cannot cope with this, and there has been a demand for quick discharge of the heat pool near the ceiling.
The present invention has been devised in view of the above circumstances, and the object of the present invention is to prevent the supply of outside air from drafting in the winter, the ventilation function above and below the room, and the heat pool near the ceiling in the summer. It is to provide a ventilator having a function capable of quickly discharging water.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, the ventilator of the present invention comprises a first ventilation box having a first space extending vertically and a second ventilation box having a second space extending vertically, the first ventilation box having the first space extending vertically. The space is partitioned into an upper space located on the upper side and a lower space located on the lower side by an intermediate wall, and a wall portion constituting the first ventilation box is provided with indoor and upper space at a location facing the upper portion of the upper space. An upper opening that communicates is provided, and an opening / closing valve for upper opening that opens and closes the upper opening is provided in the upper opening, and an indoor space and a lower space are provided at locations facing the lower space at a wall portion that constitutes the first ventilation box. A lower opening that communicates is provided, a first air supply / exhaust passage that communicates the upper space and the outdoors is provided, and a fan that can be rotated forward and backward is disposed in the first air supply / exhaust passage, Second air supply / exhaust that communicates with the outside A passage is provided, a lower communication passage that communicates the second space and the indoor lower portion is provided, a circulation fan that blows air of the second space from the lower communication passage indoors is provided, A first state in which an upper communication path that communicates between the upper part of the two spaces and the indoor upper part is provided, blocks between the second space and the upper space, and communicates between the second space and the lower communication path And a switching means for switching to a second state in which the second space and the upper space communicate with each other and between the second space and the lower communication path is cut off.
Further, the present invention is a combined ventilation box in which the first ventilation box and the second ventilation box are integrally formed, and the first space and the second space are separated by a single wall portion constituting the combined ventilation box. It is characterized by being partitioned.
Further, the present invention provides a communication opening provided so that the switching means communicates the second space and the upper space at a location facing the upper space at a wall portion that partitions the first space and the second space, A communication opening on / off valve that opens and closes the communication opening and closes the communication opening to communicate the second space with the lower communication path and opens the communication opening to block between the second space and the lower communication path. It is comprised by these.
Further, the present invention is provided with an outer wall that partitions the interior and the exterior, and the composite ventilation box is arranged close to the outer wall so that the first space is located closer to the indoor and the second space is located closer to the outer wall. It is characterized by being.
In the present invention, the wall portion of the composite ventilation box that partitions the first space and the second space and the outer wall face each other, and the second space extends vertically between the wall portion and the outer wall of the composite ventilation box. It is characterized by that.
According to the present invention, the first air supply / exhaust passage and the second air supply / exhaust passage are each formed by a through-hole penetrating the outer wall and a tube connected to the through-hole and traversing the second space. It is characterized by that.
The present invention further includes a lower end space in which the first space is partitioned under the lower space, and the lower end space communicates the lower end of the second space and the indoor space, and the lower communication path Is constituted by the lower end space.
Further, the present invention is characterized in that the composite ventilation box has a bottom wall that partitions the lower space and the lower end space, and the lower end space extends between the bottom wall and the floor.
In the present invention, the indoor upper part is partitioned by a ceiling, a ceiling pocket is partitioned below the upper floor slab above the ceiling, and the ceiling is provided with a ceiling opening that connects the indoor and the ceiling pocket, The upper communication path includes the ceiling opening and the ceiling pocket.
[0005]
(Winter)
In winter, the switching means is set to the first state, the upper opening / closing valve is opened to open the upper opening, the air supply / exhaust fan is rotated forward so that outside air is introduced indoors, and the circulation fan Rotate forward.
By the forward rotation of the air supply / exhaust fan, the outside air is blown out from the upper opening to the vicinity of the ceiling through the first supply / exhaust passage and the upper space, and is mixed with the warm air near the ceiling.
Warm air near the ceiling is blown out on the floor from the upper communication path, the second space, and the lower communication path by the forward rotation of the circulation fan.
(summer)
In summer, the switching means is set to the second state, the upper opening / closing valve is closed to close the upper opening, the air supply / exhaust is reversed so that indoor air is discharged to the outdoors, and the circulation fan Stop.
Due to the reverse rotation of the air supply / exhaust fan, the upper space, the second space, and the ceiling pocket become negative pressure, and the warm air near the ceiling passes through the upper communication path, the second space, the communication opening, and the upper space, It is discharged outdoors.
Further, since the indoor pressure also becomes negative, the outside air is sucked from the second air supply / exhaust passage and blown out through the lower communication passage to the lower portion of the indoor.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 is a perspective view of the ventilation device, FIG. 2 is a rear view of the ventilation box as viewed from the arrow A in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the ventilation box, and is an explanatory view of air flow in winter, and FIG. An explanatory view of the air flow in the summer is shown in a sectional view.
The ventilation device 12 includes a composite ventilation box 16 disposed in an indoor space 14.
Here, the indoor 14 includes a wide space inside the building, such as a room such as a living room, a conference room, a lobby, and a dining room.
In the present embodiment, the composite ventilation box 16 is disposed at a corner where the ends of two walls 18 and 20 of the building intersect, and one wall 18 is an outer wall that partitions the indoor 14 and the outdoor 22. The part is provided with corners (columnar type) 24 covering the two surfaces of the column.
The composite ventilation box 16 has a rectangular shape in plan view and is vertically long and is disposed with its two surfaces in contact with the outer wall 18 and one side surface 2402 of the corner 24, and its lower surface is placed on the floor 26. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the upper end of the upper end protrudes above the ceiling 28 and contacts the upper floor slab 30 through the ceiling pocket 32. In the present embodiment, the composite ventilation box 16 is formed in a rectangle of about 30 cm both vertically and horizontally.
[0007]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the composite ventilation box 16 includes a front wall 1610 that extends in parallel with the outer wall 18 and is placed on the floor 26 at a front portion of the outer wall 18 that is separated from the outer wall 18. A left side wall 1620 that extends parallel to the side surface 2402 at a position away from one side surface 2402 of the corner portion 24 and is placed on the floor 26, and the outer wall 18 in a state where the tip of the left side wall 1620 is in contact with the outer wall 18. The rear wall 1630 that extends in parallel with the outer wall 18 and the front wall 1610 and is placed on the floor 26 is connected to the right end of the rear wall 1620 and the right end of the front wall 1610 to connect one of the corners 24. And a right side wall 1640 placed on the floor 26 in contact with the side surface 2402. In the present embodiment, the left side wall 1620 is detachably provided so that maintenance can be easily performed, and the outer wall 18 and the rear wall 1630 are separated by about 10 cm.
The front wall 1610 is provided so as to be positioned on the same plane as the other side surface 2404 of the corner 24, and even if the composite ventilation box 16 is disposed, the aesthetics of the room is not impaired, and a sense of incongruity does not occur. Is taken into account.
The composite ventilation box 16 is connected to the upper end portion of the front wall 1610, the upper end portion of the left side wall 1620, the upper end of the rear wall 1630, and the upper end of the right side wall 1640 at a location located in the ceiling pocket 32. An upper wall 1650 is provided.
[0008]
A bottom wall 1660 that connects these walls 1610, 1620, 1630, and 1640 is provided near the lower ends of the front wall 1610, left side wall 1620, rear wall 1630, and right side wall 1640 and above the floor 26. It has been.
In the present embodiment, a first space 34 extending vertically is formed by the front wall 1610, the left side wall 1620, the rear wall 1630, and the right side wall 1640, and the outer wall 18, one side surface 2402 of the corner 24, A left space 1620 and a rear wall 1630 form a second space 36 extending vertically alongside the first space, and a first ventilation box having a first space 34 and a second ventilation having a second space 36. It is a composite ventilation box 16 in which the boxes are integrally formed.
An intermediate wall 1670 is provided so as to partition the first space 34 vertically. The intermediate wall 1670, the upper wall 1650, and the bottom wall 1660 cause the first space 34 to be positioned above the upper space 40 and the lower space. And a lower end space 44 located further below the lower space 42.
The bottom portion of the lower end space 44 is closed by the floor 26, and thus the bottom surface that partitions the bottom portion of the lower end space 44 is constituted by the floor 26. The rear wall 1630 facing the lower end space 44 is provided with an opening 46 that communicates the lower end of the second space 36 with the lower end space 44, and a circulation fan 48 is disposed in a portion facing the opening 46 inside the lower end space 44. Has been. In the present embodiment, a lower communication path that connects the second space 36 and the lower portion of the indoor 14 is configured by the lower end space 44.
[0009]
An upper opening 52 that communicates the indoor 14 and the upper space 40 is provided at a location where the front wall 1610 faces the upper portion of the upper space 40, and the upper opening 52 is for an upper opening that opens and closes the upper opening 52. An on-off valve 54 is provided. In the present embodiment, the height of the upper opening 52 from the floor 26 is about 180 cm.
A lower opening 56 communicating the indoor 14 and the lower space 42 is provided at a location where the front wall 1610 faces the lower space 42. In the present embodiment, the height of the lower opening 56 from the floor 26 is about 40 cm.
A lower end opening 58 that connects the indoor 14 and the lower end space 44 is provided at a location where the front wall 1610 faces the lower end space 44.
[0010]
A communication opening 60 that connects the second space 36 and the upper space 40 is provided at a location where the rear wall 1630 faces the upper space 40, and the communication opening 60 is used for communication opening that opens and closes the communication opening 60. An on-off valve 62 is provided.
The open / close valve 62 for communication opening blocks the communication between the second space 36 and the upper space 40 with the communication opening 60 closed, and communicates with a portion of the second space 36 above the communication opening 60. The portion of the second space 36 below the opening 60 is communicated, and the second space 36 and the upper space 40 are communicated with the communication opening 60 open, and the portion above the communication opening 60 is upper. A portion of the second space 36 and a portion of the second space 36 below the communication opening 60 are configured to be blocked.
Accordingly, when the communication opening 60 is closed by the communication opening on-off valve 62, the second space 36 and the upper space 40 are blocked as shown in FIG. When the communication opening 60 is opened by the communication opening on / off valve 62, the second space 36 and the upper space 40 are communicated with each other as shown in FIG. A second state is formed in which the space between the second space 36 and the lower end space 44 is blocked, and the communication opening 60 and the communication opening on-off valve 62 constitute switching means in the claims.
[0011]
Further, a first air supply / exhaust passage 64 is provided so as to communicate the lower portion of the upper space 40 and the outdoors 22, and a fan 66 for air supply / exhaust that can be rotated forward and backward is disposed in the first air supply / exhaust passage 64. .
In the present embodiment, the first air supply / exhaust passage 64 is formed by a through hole 6402 that penetrates the outer wall 18 and a tube body 6404 that is connected to the through hole 6402 and traverses the second space 36. .
Further, a second air supply / exhaust passage 68 is provided so as to communicate the lower space 42 and the outdoor 22.
In the present embodiment, the second air supply / exhaust passage 68 is formed by a through hole 6802 penetrating the outer wall 18 and a tube body 6804 connected to the through hole 6802 and traversing the second space 36. .
[0012]
Furthermore, an upper communication path 70 is provided for communicating the upper portion of the second space 36 and the upper portion of the indoor 14.
In the present embodiment, an upper end opening 72 is provided in a portion where the front wall 1610 faces the ceiling pocket 32, and a ceiling opening 2802 that communicates the indoor 14 and the ceiling pocket 32 is provided in the ceiling 28. The passage 70 is constituted by an upper portion of the ceiling opening 2802, the ceiling pocket 32, the upper end opening 72, and the upper wall 1650.
1, reference numeral 80 denotes a control panel. The control panel 80 includes a drive switch for the circulation fan 48, a forward / reverse switch for the supply / exhaust fan 66, an open / close switch for the upper opening / closing valve 54, and an opening / closing for communication opening. An opening / closing switch for the valve 62 is provided together with an indication of how to operate in winter and summer respectively. The upper opening / closing valve 54 and the communication opening opening / closing valve 62 may be opened and closed mechanically using a link mechanism or the like, or electrically using an actuator such as a solenoid. It may be optional.
[0013]
Next, the operation of the ventilator 12 will be described.
(Winter)
In winter, as shown in FIG. 3, the upper opening / closing valve 54 is opened to open the upper opening 52, the communication opening / closing valve 62 is closed to close the communication opening 60, and the outside air is introduced into the indoor 14. The air supply / exhaust fan 66 is rotated forward so that the air in the second space 36 passes through the lower end space 44 and is supplied to the indoor 14 from the lower end opening 58.
Due to normal rotation of the air supply / exhaust fan 66, cold outside air is blown out from the upper opening 52 to the vicinity of the ceiling 28 through the first air supply / exhaust passage 64 and the upper space 40, and is mixed with warm air in the vicinity of the ceiling 28.
[0014]
Then, the indoor 14 becomes positive pressure by the forward rotation of the air supply / exhaust fan 66, and the air in the indoor 14 is discharged from the lower opening 56 to the outdoor 22 through the lower space 42 and the second air supply / exhaust passage 68.
Further, the warm air in the vicinity of the ceiling 28 is sucked into the ceiling pocket 32 from the ceiling opening 2802 by the forward rotation of the circulation fan 48, and passes through the upper end opening 72, the upper communication path 70, the second space 36, and the lower end space 44. 58 is blown out onto the floor 26, thereby ventilating the indoor 14 up and down.
Accordingly, it is possible to eliminate problems such as feeling a draft by the ventilator 12 in winter, and it is advantageous in preventing the occurrence of a large vertical temperature distribution in the indoor 14.
Further, as a secondary effect, the indoor 14 is always maintained at a positive pressure by the forward rotation of the air supply / exhaust fan 66, so that the intrusion of the draft into the indoor 14 is reduced.
[0015]
(summer)
In summer, as shown in FIG. 4, the upper opening / closing valve 54 is closed to close the upper opening 52, the communication opening on / off valve 62 is opened to open the communication opening 60, and the air in the upper space 40 is outdoors. The air supply / exhaust fan 66 is reversed so that the air is exhausted to the exhaust gas 22 and the circulation fan 48 is stopped.
Due to the reverse rotation of the air supply / exhaust fan 66, the upper space 40, the second space 36, and the ceiling pocket 32 become negative pressure, and warm air (heat pool) near the ceiling 28 is sucked into the ceiling pocket 32 from the ceiling opening 2802, and the upper end opening is opened. 72, the upper communication passage 70, the second space 36, the communication opening 60, and the upper space 40, and is discharged from the first supply / exhaust passage 64 to the outdoors 22.
Since the indoor 14 also has negative pressure, the outside air is sucked from the second air supply / exhaust passage 68 and blown out through the lower space 42 and from the lower opening 56 to the lower portion of the indoor 14, so that the warm air near the ceiling 28 is raised to the ceiling. In combination with being sucked from the opening 2802, the indoor 14 is vertically ventilated.
Therefore, of course, it is possible to ventilate the indoor 14 with the ventilator 12 in the summer, and the seizure of the ceiling 28 can be prevented.
[0016]
Further, in the present embodiment, since the composite ventilation box 16 in which the first ventilation box and the second ventilation box are integrally formed is used, the number of parts can be reduced and the weight can be reduced as compared with the case where both ventilation boxes are made separately. Of course, the switching means for switching between the first state and the second state can also be configured with a simple structure such as opening and closing the communication opening on-off valve 62.
Further, since the composite ventilation box 16 is arranged close to (attached to) the outer wall 18 so that the first space 34 is located closer to the indoor 14 and the second space 36 is located closer to the outer wall 18, the first supply The tube body 6404 constituting the exhaust passage 64 and the tube body 6804 constituting the second air supply / exhaust passage 68 are not exposed to the outside, which is advantageous in terms of aesthetics.
Further, the outer wall 18 can be used to partition one surface of the second space 36, thereby eliminating one plate material for partitioning the second space 36, which is advantageous in reducing costs.
Further, in the present embodiment, since the composite ventilation box 16 is disposed at the corner of the room, one side of the second space 36 is partitioned by the side surface 2402 of the corner 24, and the second space 36 is combined with the outer wall 18. Two plates for partitioning are omitted, which is more advantageous for cost reduction.
[0017]
In the present embodiment, the case where the composite ventilation box 16 in which the first ventilation box having the first space 34 and the second ventilation box having the second space 36 are integrally formed has been described. The 1 ventilation box and the second ventilation box may be provided separately and installed separately from each other. The shape of the first ventilation box, the second ventilation box, or the composite ventilation box 16 is also arbitrary such as a triangular or circular cross section, and the shape is appropriately determined according to the location installed indoors. . For example, when it is placed in a relatively large space such as a lobby, a composite ventilation box is formed using concentric inner and outer double cylinders, the inside of the inner cylinder is the second space, and the outside It is also possible to configure an annular space inside the cylinder and outside the inner cylinder as the first space.
Further, the lower communication path (lower end space 44) can be configured by forming an opening in the left side wall 1620 or by using a tubular body.
The first ventilation box, the second ventilation box, or the composite ventilation box 16 only needs to have a height that at least the upper part is positioned above the indoor 14 space, and the upper part needs to penetrate through the ceiling 28. Absent. In that case, the upper communication path 70 can be configured by forming an opening in the left side wall 1620 as described above without using a ceiling pocket, or by using a tubular body, and various modes are conceivable.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, the function is such that the supply outside air does not become a draft in the winter, the ventilation function above and below the room, and the function that can quickly exhaust the heat pool near the ceiling in the summer. A ventilation device is obtained, and is particularly suitable for use in an apartment house having an outer wall.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a ventilation device.
FIG. 2 is a rear view of the ventilation box as viewed from the arrow A in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a ventilation box and is an explanatory view of air flow in winter.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a ventilation box and is an explanatory diagram of air flow in summer.
[Explanation of symbols]
12 ventilator 14 indoor 16 composite ventilation box 18 outer wall 22 outdoor 34 first space 36 second space 40 upper space 42 lower space 44 lower end space 48 circulation fan 66 supply / exhaust fan

Claims

A first ventilation box having a first space extending vertically and a second ventilation box having a second space extending vertically;
The first space is partitioned by an intermediate wall into an upper space located on the upper side and a lower space located on the lower side,
An upper opening that communicates the indoor space with the upper space is provided at a location facing the upper portion of the upper space at the wall portion constituting the first ventilation box,
An opening valve for upper opening that opens and closes the upper opening is provided in the upper opening,
A lower opening that communicates the indoor space with the lower space is provided at a location facing the lower space in the wall portion constituting the first ventilation box,
A first air supply / exhaust passage communicating the upper space with the outside is provided;
An air supply / exhaust fan capable of forward and reverse rotation is disposed in the first air supply / exhaust passage,
A second air supply / exhaust passage communicating the lower space and the outside is provided;
A lower communication path communicating the second space and the indoor lower part is provided;
A circulation fan is provided for blowing the air in the second space indoors from the lower communication path;
An upper communication path that connects the upper portion of the second space and the upper portion of the indoor space is provided;
A first state in which the space between the second space and the upper space is blocked and the second space and the lower communication path are communicated; and the second space and the upper space are communicated with each other; Switching means is provided for switching to the second state in which the lower communication path is blocked.
Ventilator characterized by that.

The first ventilation box and the second ventilation box are combined ventilation boxes formed integrally, and the first space and the second space are partitioned by a single wall portion constituting the combined ventilation box. The ventilation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein

The switching means includes a communication opening provided to communicate the second space and the upper space at a location facing the upper space by a wall portion that partitions the first space and the second space, and opens and closes the communication opening. The open / close valve for communication opening that connects the second space and the lower communication path with the communication opening closed, and blocks the second space and the lower communication path with the communication opening open. The ventilation apparatus according to claim 2.

An outer wall that partitions the interior and the exterior is provided, and the composite ventilation box is arranged close to the outer wall so that the first space is located closer to the indoor and the second space is located closer to the outer wall. The ventilator according to claim 2 or 3.

The wall portion of the composite ventilation box that partitions the first space and the second space and the outer wall face each other, and the second space extends vertically between the wall portion and the outer wall of the composite ventilation box. The ventilator according to claim 4.

The first air supply / exhaust passage and the second air supply / exhaust passage are respectively formed by a through-hole penetrating the outer wall and a pipe body connected to the through-hole and traversing the second space. Item 4. A ventilator according to item 5 or 5.

The first space further has a lower end space partitioned under the lower space, the lower end space communicates the lower end of the second space and the indoor, and the lower communication path is configured by the lower end space. The ventilation apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the ventilation apparatus is provided.

The ventilation apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the composite ventilation box has a bottom wall that partitions the lower space and the lower end space, and the lower end space extends between the bottom wall and the floor.

The indoor upper part is partitioned by a ceiling, a ceiling pocket is partitioned above the ceiling and below the upper floor slab, a ceiling opening is provided in the ceiling to connect the indoor and the ceiling pocket, and the upper communication path is the ceiling The ventilation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the ventilation apparatus includes an opening and a ceiling pocket.