JP3003554B2 - Absorption heat pump - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a domestic absorption heat pump using ammonia, water or the like as a working medium.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, this type of absorption heat pump is not for domestic use but for business use, and as shown in FIG.
Generator / rectifier 50 in which generator and rectifier are integrally configured
A condenser 53 having a refrigerant flow path 51 on a primary side and a cooling water flow path 52 on a secondary side, a refrigerant tank 54 provided at an outlet of the condenser refrigerant flow path 51, a supercooler 55, Valve 56
An evaporator 59 having a refrigerant flow path 57 on the primary side and a chilled water flow path 58 on the secondary side; a solution heat exchanger 60;
An absorber 64 having a refrigerant channel 62 on the primary side and a cooling water channel 63 on the secondary side, a concentrated solution tank 65 provided at the outlet of the absorber refrigerant channel 62, a solution pump 66, It is composed of a refrigerant pipe 67 connecting each element, a cooling water circuit 68 connecting the secondary cooling water channels of the condenser and the absorber, and a chilled water circuit 69 including a secondary chilled water circuit of the evaporator. It had been. The generator / rectifier 50 is filled with a large amount of aqueous ammonia solution, and such a configuration is called a full-liquid type. The generator / rectifier 50 is a large-diameter cylindrical tower,
A shrinking part D composed of a shrinking unit 70 having a structure in which a metal tube is wound in a coil shape (generally called a coiled heat exchanger) and a packing material 71 disposed around the shrinking unit D, and the packing material is filled. A rectification step E, an ammonia water concentrated solution (aqueous solution having a high ammonia concentration; hereinafter, referred to as a concentrated solution) inflow tube, and an ammonia water dilute solution (aqueous solution having a low ammonia concentration; hereinafter, referred to as a dilute solution) take-out tube are provided. And a heating unit 72 such as a gas burner for heating the generating unit F.

The operation will be described below. The ammonia water concentrated solution is sent by the solution pump 66 to the splitter D of the generating / rectifying unit 50, where it is heated by splitting heat (split heat recovery). Next, the solution heat exchanger 60 exchanges heat with the high-temperature dilute solution returned from the dilute solution take-out tube of the rectifier to raise the temperature. Subsequently, a concentrated solution is generated from the concentrated solution inflow pipe.
The concentrated solution introduced into the rectifier 50 and in the generating section F by the heating source 72 is heated to generate steam. The generated steam is
It is an equilibrium vapor corresponding to pressure and temperature, and contains water vapor along with ammonia. The generated equilibrium vapor rises in the rectification stage E and the decompression unit D, but is brought into contact with the condensate generated in the decomposer 70 in the rectification stage and cooled. At that time, the steam in the steam is easier to liquefy, and most of the steam and a small amount of ammonia vapor are condensed and dropped. On the other hand, most ammonia vapor goes up as it is. Such a decompressor 7
The concentration process of ammonia vapor by cooling to 0
As a result, it is possible to take out nearly 100% high-purity ammonia vapor from the rectified gas take-out pipe at the top of the tower. On the other hand, the equilibrium liquid (dilute solution) of high temperature and low concentration reaches the solution heat exchanger 60 from the dilute solution outlet pipe of the generation / rectification unit 50, and is cooled by exchanging heat with the concentrated solution there. Thereafter, the pressure in the absorber 6 is reduced through the pressure reducing valve 61.
Enter 4. The low-temperature and high-concentration ammonia vapor is supplied to the condenser 53 and the subcooler 5 through the rectification gas outlet pipe of the rectifier.
5. It enters the absorber 64 via the expansion valve 56, the evaporator 59 and the subcooler 55. Cold water can be produced by the evaporator 59. In the absorber 64, the absorption heat is deprived,
Ammonia gas is absorbed into the dilute solution to regenerate the concentrated solution.

[0004]

However, in the conventional absorption heat pump, the size is large for business use, and the generation and rectification unit is a liquid filling type. Heating to a temperature (steam generation temperature) was required, and therefore, there was a problem that operation start-up was slow. In addition, the amount of the ammonia water charged is large, and there is a possibility of causing serious damage at the time of leakage.

Further, the dilute solution produced in the generator / rectifier 50 is mixed with the flowing concentrated solution.
The concentration of the dilute solution (which becomes an absorbing solution) flowing out from the dilute solution take-out tube of 0 becomes high. In addition, the temperature of the concentrated solution flowing into the solution heat exchanger 60 becomes higher due to the partial heat of condensation recovered in the rectifier, so that the dilute solution flowing out of the rectifier (for absorbing ammonia gas in the absorber). (Which becomes an absorbing solution) cannot be lower than the temperature of the concentrated solution. As a result, it is necessary to increase the circulation amount of the solution pump 66 and to lower the temperature of the dilute solution, so that a large amount of heat as well as the heat of absorption must be discarded outside the system, and the coefficient of performance of the absorption system is low. There was a problem that.

The heat radiation state of the secondary-side cooling water circuit, which is mainly affected by the outside air condition, has a problem that the cycle operation becomes unstable or the coefficient of performance decreases due to the outside air condition. Was.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and is a home-use absorption heat pump which is small in size, has a fast operation start-up, can perform a cycle operation with a small amount of refrigerant charge, and can increase a cycle coefficient of performance. The first object is to provide

It is a second object of the present invention to provide an absorption heat pump for home use which can perform a high-efficiency and stable cycle operation regardless of the outside air condition.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, an absorption heat pump according to the present invention has a decompression section, a rectification step section, and a gas-liquid separation section. A tower temperature detector for detecting a temperature, a rectifier provided with a heater at least in a gas-liquid separator, a condenser, a refrigerant tank provided at a condenser outlet, a supercooler, and an expansion valve. , Evaporator, solution heat exchanger, pressure reducing valve, absorber, concentrated solution tank provided at the absorber outlet, solution pump, regenerator, piping connecting each element, and controller At the start of operation, when the temperature in the rectifier detected by the temperature detector in the tower is lower than the predetermined temperature by the controller, heating by the heater is performed, and the inside of the rectifier Operation is started when the temperature is reached.

Further, a rectifier having a decompression unit, a rectification step, and a gas-liquid separation unit and having a tower temperature detector for detecting the temperature in the rectifier, and a rectifier A branch amount control valve for controlling the amount of the concentrated solution flowing into the condensing section, a condenser, a refrigerant tank provided at a condenser outlet, a supercooler, an expansion valve, an evaporator, and a solution heat exchanger And, a pressure reducing valve, an absorber, a concentrated solution tank provided at the absorber outlet, a solution pump, and a regenerator,
A pipe that connects each element part, and a controller are provided, and when the temperature in the rectifier detected by the tower temperature detector is lower than a predetermined temperature, the controller closes the branch amount control valve. When the operation is started and the inside of the rectifier reaches a predetermined temperature, the branch amount control valve is opened to a predetermined opening.

[0011] Further, a tower temperature detector for detecting the temperature inside the rectifier, which has a decomposing section, a rectifying step section, and a gas-liquid separating section, and a heater is provided at least in the gas-liquid separating section. A rectifier equipped with
A branch amount control valve for controlling the amount of concentrated solution flowing into the rectifier decomposing section, a condenser, and a refrigerant tank provided at the condenser outlet,
Subcooler, expansion valve, evaporator, solution heat exchanger, pressure reducing valve, absorber, concentrated solution tank provided at the absorber outlet, solution pump, regenerator, and each component And a controller, and when the temperature in the rectifier detected by the tower temperature detector is lower than a predetermined temperature, the controller closes the branch amount control valve and operates the heater. The operation is started by performing heating, and when the inside of the rectifier reaches a predetermined temperature, the branch amount control valve is opened to a predetermined opening.

A rectifier, a tower temperature detector for detecting a temperature in the rectifier, a condenser having a refrigerant flow path on a primary side and a cooling water flow path on a secondary side, and a condenser refrigerant. A refrigerant tank provided at the flow path outlet, a supercooler, an expansion valve, an evaporator having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side and a chilled water flow path on the secondary side, a solution heat exchanger, and a pressure reducing valve. , An absorber having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side and a cooling water flow path on the secondary side, a concentrated solution tank provided at the outlet of the absorber refrigerant flow path, a solution pump, a regenerator, and connecting each element part A primary refrigerant pipe, a secondary water pipe, and a controller. When the temperature in the rectifier detected by the temperature detector in the tower is lower than a predetermined temperature, at least the condensation is performed by the controller. The circulation of the cooling water on the secondary side of the condenser is stopped and the operation is started. When the temperature inside the rectifier reaches a predetermined temperature, the cooling water on the secondary side of the condenser is circulated by a predetermined amount. It is configured to so that.

A rectifier, a condenser having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side and a cooling water flow path on the secondary side, and a refrigerant tank provided with a condensation temperature detector provided at an outlet of the condenser refrigerant flow path A subcooler, an expansion valve, an evaporator having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side and a chilled water flow path on the secondary side, a solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve,
An absorber having a coolant flow path on the secondary side and a cooling water flow path on the secondary side, and a concentrated solution tank provided at an outlet of the absorber refrigerant flow path,
The apparatus includes a solution pump, a regenerator, a primary refrigerant pipe and a secondary water pipe for connecting the respective component parts, and a controller, and the controller controls the condensing temperature detected by the condensing temperature detector to a predetermined value. When the temperature is lower than the temperature, the circulation amount of the secondary cooling water of the condenser is reduced, and when the temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature, the circulation amount of the secondary cooling water of the condenser is increased, so that the condensing temperature is always predetermined. The amount of secondary-side cooling water is adjusted so as to reach the temperature.

A rectifier, a condenser having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side through which rectified gas flows from the rectifier and a cooling water flow path on the secondary side, and a condenser provided at an outlet of the condenser refrigerant flow path. A refrigerant tank having a condensed temperature detector, a bypass circuit connecting the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant flow path of the condenser, and having a bypass amount control valve, a supercooler, an expansion valve, and a primary side An evaporator having a refrigerant flow path and a cold water flow path on the secondary side, a solution heat exchanger,
A pressure reducing valve, an absorber having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side and a cooling water flow path on the secondary side, a concentrated solution tank provided at an outlet of the absorber refrigerant flow path, a solution pump, a regenerator, A refrigerant circuit including a refrigerant pipe connecting components, a cooling water circuit including a secondary cooling water channel of a condenser and an absorber, a chilled water circuit including a secondary cooling water channel of an evaporator, and a controller. When the condensation temperature detected by the condensation temperature detector is lower than a predetermined temperature, the opening of the bypass amount adjustment valve is opened, and when the condensation temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature, the opening of the bypass amount adjustment valve is closed. The opening degree of the bypass control valve is adjusted by a controller so that the condensing temperature always becomes a predetermined temperature.

A rectifier, a condenser, a refrigerant tank provided at the outlet of the condenser, a supercooler, an expansion valve,
An evaporator, a solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, an absorber, a concentrated solution tank provided at the absorber outlet, a solution pump, and a suction temperature detector provided at the suction and discharge sides of the solution pump; A discharge temperature detector, a regenerator, a refrigerant pipe connecting each element part, and a controller, and a solution pump when a temperature difference between the discharge temperature detector and the suction temperature detector is larger than a predetermined temperature difference. The rotation speed of the solution pump is controlled by the controller so that the rotation speed of the solution pump is reduced so as to always be within a predetermined temperature difference.

Further, a rectifier, a condenser having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side into which rectified gas flows from the rectifier and a cooling water flow path on the secondary side, and a condenser provided at an outlet of the condenser refrigerant flow path. A refrigerant tank having a condensed temperature detector, a bypass circuit connecting the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant flow path of the condenser, and having a bypass amount control valve, a supercooler, an expansion valve, and a primary side An evaporator having a refrigerant flow path and a cold water flow path on the secondary side, a solution heat exchanger,
A pressure reducing valve, an absorber having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side and a cooling water flow path on the secondary side, a concentrated solution tank provided at the outlet of the absorber refrigerant flow path, a solution pump, and suction and discharge of the solution pump A refrigerant circuit composed of a suction temperature detector and a discharge temperature detector provided on the side, a regenerator, and a refrigerant pipe connecting each element part, and a secondary cooling water flow path of a condenser and an absorber in parallel. A cooling water circuit configured to flow, a cooling water circuit including a secondary cooling water flow path of the evaporator, and a controller, wherein the controller detects the temperature detected by the suction temperature detector, The flow rate of the cooling water circuit and the rotation speed of the solution pump are adjusted based on the temperature difference detected by the temperature detector, and the opening of the bypass amount control valve is adjusted based on the condensing temperature detected by the condensing temperature detector. I have.

The rectifier comprises a rectification tower, a rectification gas outlet pipe from above the rectification tower, and a part of the concentrated solution discharged from the solution pump adjusted at a lower end by a branch amount control valve. A condensing heat exchanger having an opening to be discharged into the inside, a condensing part which becomes a filler filled around the condensing heat exchanger, a void, and a rectifying step filled with the filler. And a gas-liquid separation section formed of a space having a high-temperature concentrated solution inflow tube and a dilute solution take-out tube.

[0018]

According to the present invention, when the operation is started, the gas-liquid separation section of the rectifier is heated to the predetermined temperature of the temperature detector by the heating by the heater at the start of the operation. Is reached, the inside of the rectifier is set to a saturation pressure (high pressure) corresponding to the temperature.

Further, by using a rectifier that allows a part of the concentrated solution discharged from the pump to flow into the rectifier, the operation is started without closing the branch amount control valve and allowing the low-temperature concentrated solution to flow into the rectifier. Therefore, the temperature inside the rectifier is quickly increased, and the saturation pressure is set according to the temperature.

Further, by using the above-described heater and the branch amount control valve together, the temperature in the rectifier is more reliably raised to a saturation pressure according to the temperature.

The same operation can be obtained even if the operation is started after the circulation of the secondary cooling water is stopped.

The high pressure in the cycle operation is determined by the condensing temperature. Since the secondary cooling water circulation amount is controlled so that the condensing temperature becomes a predetermined temperature, the high pressure does not depend on the outside air condition. Is kept constant.

Further, by providing a bypass circuit in the condenser and controlling the condenser bypass amount so that the condensing temperature becomes a predetermined temperature, the high pressure is kept constant.

Since the solution pump itself generates a little heat and has a compression effect, a temperature detector is provided for the suction and discharge of the solution pump, and the operation of the solution pump is determined based on the temperature difference. And a pump operation without cavitation is realized.

Further, by controlling the condensing temperature to be constant and controlling the solution pump operation based on the suction and discharge temperatures of the solution pump, the high pressure is kept constant and the solution pump is operated without cavitation.

Further, a part of the concentrated solution is caused to flow out of the opening at the lower end of the splitting heat exchanger into the rectification tower, so that the concentrated solution flowing down through the splitting heat exchanger and the high temperature in the packed bed portion are mixed with each other. The heat is exchanged with the equilibrium vapor of the high-temperature concentrated solution flowing into the tower through the concentrated solution inflow pipe, and the heat of the equilibrium vapor of the high-temperature concentrated solution flowing from the generator passes through the partial heat exchanger. The flowing concentrated solution is heated to generate a predetermined amount of equilibrium vapor having a lower temperature than the high-temperature concentrated solution and a high ammonia concentration near the part under the constriction. The equilibrium vapor having a high temperature and a low ammonia concentration is used to generate a low-temperature and high-ammonia concentration vapor from the concentrated solution flowing out of the concentrated solution through the decomposing section into the tower (heat recovery). At low temperatures, it becomes steam with a high ammonia concentration. As a result, the amount of heat input to the regenerator can be reduced, which has the effect of increasing the coefficient of performance of the cycle.

[0027]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the absorption heat pump of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 1, 1 is a rectifier, 2 is a condensing / absorbing unit having a condenser 3 and an absorber 4 as an integrated heat exchanger, and 5 is a supercooling unit as a laminated heat exchanger. 6
A supercooling / evaporator 8 having an integral structure with the evaporator 7
Is a solution heat exchanger, 9 is a solution pump, 10 is a regenerator, 11
Is a refrigerant tank, 12 is a concentrated solution tank, 13 is an expansion valve, 1
4 is a pressure reducing valve, 15 is a branch amount control valve, 16 is a refrigerant pipe connecting each element part, 17 is a cooling water circuit, 18 is a chilled water circuit, and 19 is a tower temperature detection for detecting the temperature inside the rectifier 1. A heater 20 such as an electric heater, for example, and a controller 21 for controlling energization of the heater 20 based on a temperature signal of the tower temperature detector 19 are provided. The rectifier 1 includes a coiled-tube heat exchanger 1b from which the concentrated gas take-out pipe 1a and a part of the concentrated solution discharged from the solution pump are adjusted by the branch amount control valve 15 to flow in and flow out into the tower. Having a space provided with a decompression section A composed of a filling material 1c filled in a space, a rectification step B filled with the filling material 1c, a high-temperature concentrated solution introduction pipe 1d, and a dilute solution take-out pipe 1e. This is the liquid separation section C. It should be noted that demisters are actually arranged above and below for the purpose of holding the filler 1c of the decomposing section A and the rectifying step section B. The configuration in which the rectifier 1 and the regenerator 10 are separated is called a once-through type, and the regenerator 10
The rectifier 1 can be designed with a minimum necessary size, and the concentration of the dilute solution can be ensured. . And
In the configuration in which the heat exchangers are stacked, the amount of ammonia water to be charged can be minimized.

Next, the cycle operation will be described. A part of the concentrated solution is sent to the rectifier decomposing section A by the solution pump 9, and the rest is sent to the solution heat exchanger 8. The concentrated solution sent to the solution heat exchanger 8 exchanges heat with the dilute solution flowing out from the lower part of the rectifier 1 to be heated and heated. Subsequently, it is sent to the regenerator 10 and is heated to a predetermined two-phase temperature, and flows into the rectifier 1 through the high-temperature concentrated solution introducing pipe 1d. On the other hand,
The concentrated solution sent to is heated by the heat of partial contraction and rises to the steam generation temperature. Then, the steam is introduced into the rectifier 1 at the steam generation temperature. Such a method of introducing a part of the concentrated solution into the rectifier 1 (hereinafter referred to as a branching method) can increase the coefficient of performance COP as compared with the basic method.

The reason is that part of the heat of the high-temperature concentrated solution flowing through the regenerator 10 in the rectification stage B, and flows into the rectifier 1 at the steam generation temperature from the decompression unit A. A part of the concentrated solution is heated to generate low-temperature gas, and the high-temperature steam itself becomes low-temperature steam. Thus, a predetermined amount of low-temperature steam can be generated. Thus,
The burden on the generator during the steam generation process can be reduced, and as a result, the COP can be increased. The rectification step B is designed by setting the temperature (steam generation temperature) of the concentrated solution that branches and flows in as the reflux liquid temperature.
The rectified gas flowing out from the top of the rectifier 1 reaches the absorber 4 via the condenser 3, the refrigerant tank 11, the subcooler 6, the expansion valve 13, the evaporator 7, and the subcooler 6. On the other hand, the dilute solution flowing out from the lower part of the rectifier 1 reaches the absorber 4 via the solution heat exchanger 8 and the pressure reducing valve 14. In the absorber 4, the rectified gas (ammonia) is absorbed by the dilute solution to regenerate the concentrated solution.

In the above-described configuration, unlike the liquid-full type, the main storage of the concentrated solution is performed in the concentrated solution tank 12. The volume of the concentrated solution tank 12 is designed to be as small as possible assuming household equipment. As a result of our intensive study, we found that in order to start the operation smoothly with the once-through system, the operation was started and the concentrated solution in the concentrated solution tank 12 did not run out. I found it necessary to be. When the pressure inside the rectifier 1 becomes high and the pressure inside the absorber (low pressure) becomes equal to or higher than a certain differential pressure, a driving force for sending the dilute solution to the absorber 4 is generated, and the concentrated solution is replenished to the concentrated solution tank 12.

However, when the operation is stopped for a long time, the ammonia water filled in the system is distributed not only in the concentrated solution tank 12 but also in the rectifier 1, and the temperature of the entire system is low. When the operation is started from this state, the temperature of the rectifier 1 is low even when a concentrated solution having a higher temperature than the regenerator 10 flows in because the temperature of the rectifier 1 is low and has a heat capacity of itself. And the concentrated solution in the concentrated solution tank 12 eventually runs out,
It was occasionally observed that the solution pump 9 could not feed the solution and the regenerator 10 was burnt, damaging the solution pump 9 and the regenerator 10 and not being able to start operation.
This phenomenon can be avoided by increasing the filling amount,
If the filling amount is excessively increased, the high pressure abnormally increases during the overload operation or the capacity is reduced. For this purpose, the present inventors have studied means for stably starting the operation with an appropriate filling amount, and have reached the present invention.

In the first embodiment, a heater 20 is provided around the gas-liquid separation section C of the rectifier 1 so that the temperature in the rectifier 1 detected by the tower temperature detector 19 is low. In this case, the heater 21 is energized by the controller 21 so that a predetermined temperature (approximately 5
(0 ° C.). Then, the operation is started when the temperature in the rectifier 1 reaches a predetermined temperature. Thereby, the pressure (high pressure) in the rectifier 1 immediately rises, and the cycle operation can be reliably started.

Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that when the temperature in the rectifier 1 is lower than a predetermined temperature, the controller 22 closes the branch amount control valve 23 to start the operation. Is that a predetermined opening degree is set when a predetermined temperature is reached. By closing the branch amount control valve 23, the high-temperature concentrated solution (two phases) flowing from the regenerator 10 is not cooled, so that the temperature in the rectifier 1 can be increased. Therefore, also in this case, the same effect as in the first embodiment is obtained.

Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The third embodiment is a combination of the first and second embodiments. When the temperature in the tower is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, the controller 24 closes the branch amount control valve 23 by the controller 24.
The operation is started while the heater 20 is energized, and when the temperature in the tower reaches a predetermined temperature, the branch amount control valve 23 is set to a predetermined opening. Thereby, the pressure in the rectifier 1 can be more reliably increased, and the cycle operation can be started. In addition, since the temperature detector 19 in the tower is provided close to and below the decomposing section A, the temperature of the concentrated solution flowing out of the tower can be detected. Thereby, the rectification efficiency can be increased.

Next, a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. When the operation is started, if the temperature in the tower is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, the cooling water control valve 26 for adjusting the flow rate of the cooling water on the secondary side of the condenser / absorber 2 is closed by the controller 25 to start the operation. When the internal temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, the cooling water control valve 26 is opened to a predetermined opening. When the cooling water is configured to flow in parallel to the condenser 3 and the absorber 4, the condensing temperature can be regarded as near the cooling water temperature. Since the circulation of the cooling water is stopped until the condensing temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, for example, 30 ° C., when the operation is started, the high pressure of the system can be easily lifted, and the normal operation can be started. . In the embodiment, the cooling water control valve 26 is used for adjusting the flow rate of the cooling water. However, it goes without saying that the rotation speed of the cooling water circulation pump may be controlled.

Next, a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The fifth embodiment differs from the fourth embodiment in that a condensing temperature detector 27 is provided, and a cooling water control valve 26 is controlled by a controller 28 so that the condensing temperature always becomes a constant temperature. The point is to start up the operation and perform the cycle operation. When the condensing temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature, the cooling water control valve 26 is throttled, and when the condensing temperature is higher, the cooling water control valve 26 is opened. Thus, a stable operation under a constant high pressure can always be realized irrespective of the outdoor conditions. Although the condensation temperature determines the high pressure of the system, it is preferable in terms of capacity to be able to lower the condensation temperature. ) Shrinks, and eventually the dilute solution overflows into the rectifier 1,
Eventually, it spouts out from the upper part of the rectifier 1 to cause a decrease in performance.
According to the present invention, high pressure can be reliably ensured, and stable operation can be achieved. In this case, as in the fourth embodiment,
It goes without saying that the rotation speed of the cooling water circulation pump may be controlled without using the cooling water control valve 26 for adjusting the cooling water flow rate.

Next, a sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. From condenser outlet (condenser inlet) to condenser 3
Bypass circuit 3 including bypass amount control valve 29 leading to the outlet
0 and a condensation temperature detector 2 provided at the condenser refrigerant outlet.
The controller 31 controls the degree of opening of the bypass amount control valve 29 so that the temperature (condensation temperature) 7 becomes constant. When the condensing temperature is low, control is performed such that the bypass amount adjusting valve 29 is opened, and when the condensing temperature is high, the bypass amount adjusting valve 29 is controlled to be closed. Here, although omitted, the temperature detector 19 in the tower is used together, the liquid level in the rectifier 1 is monitored by the temperature detector 19 in the tower, and the bypass amount adjusting valve 29 is controlled accordingly. May be.

Next, a seventh embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. A suction temperature detector 32 and a discharge temperature detector 33 are provided on the suction and discharge sides of the solution pump 9, respectively, and the rotation speed of the solution pump 9 is controlled by a controller 34 based on the temperature difference. Since the solution pump 9 itself generates heat (motor portion) and the solution pump 9 has a compression effect, the concentrated solution passes through the solution pump 9 and its temperature rises. The appropriate temperature difference is empirically within 2 deg. If it is 4 deg or more, the solution pump 9 causes cavitation (gas biting) after a while. It has been confirmed that the phenomenon that the temperature difference widens occurs when the cooling water condition changes and the high-low pressure difference decreases. Therefore, when such a phenomenon occurs, the rotation speed of the solution pump 9 is reduced. Thereby, the reliability of the solution pump 9 can be significantly improved.

Next, an eighth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The cooling water condition is estimated from the suction temperature detected by the suction temperature detector 32 provided on the solution pump 9 suction side, and the cooling water condition is estimated when the temperature is low, using the fifth, sixth, and seventh embodiments in combination. The water control valve 26 is throttled to set the suction temperature to a predetermined temperature. This is because if the suction side temperature is too low, a large amount of heat is required to generate steam in the regenerator, and the coefficient of performance is lowered. Then, in this state, the condensing temperature is observed by the condensing temperature detector 27, and if the condensing temperature is low, the controller 35 opens the bypass control valve 29 of the bypass circuit 30 of the condenser 3;
By controlling the condensing temperature to be constant by closing the opening degree of No. 9, the high pressure can be kept constant. Further, the rotation speed of the solution pump 9 is controlled such that the temperature difference between the temperatures detected by the discharge temperature detector 33 and the suction temperature detector 32 is within a predetermined temperature difference.
Thus, a practical and stable cycle operation can be realized.

It goes without saying that the embodiments described above may be combined. Although not specifically described, normal operation control is performed by controlling the opening degree of the expansion valve so as to keep the evaporation temperature after the expansion valve constant, but this may be combined with the above embodiment. Needless to say. In addition, a tower temperature detector for detecting the temperature inside the rectifier tower is provided below the decomposing unit, but the invention is not limited to this.
Although the heat exchanger is a stacked type, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to this. Further, a heater can be used when discharging the refrigerant.

[0042]

As described above, the present invention has the following effects.

(1) Since the inside of the rectifier is heated to a predetermined temperature by the heater to start the operation, the operation can be started up reliably.

(2) Since the operation is started with the branch amount control valve closed, the pressure in the rectifier can be quickly increased and the operation can be reliably started.

(3) By controlling the heater and the branch amount control valve, the operation can be started more reliably.

(4) Since the secondary side cooling water is stopped and the operation is started until the temperature in the tower rises to a predetermined temperature, the operation can be reliably started.

(5) Since the condensing temperature is controlled to be constant by adjusting the amount of cooling water on the secondary side, a stable absorption heat pump having a high coefficient of performance can be provided.

(6) Since the condenser is provided with a bypass circuit to control the condensing temperature constant irrespective of the outside air condition, a stable heat pump operation can be performed.

(7) Since the operation of the solution pump can always be guaranteed, the reliability of the solution pump can be improved.

(8) By controlling the condensation temperature and the operation of the solution pump, it is possible to provide a highly reliable absorption heat pump having a high practical coefficient of performance.

(9) Since a rectifier configured to allow the concentrated solution to flow into the rectifier is used in addition to the flow-through method, a small-sized absorption heat pump having a high cycle performance coefficient can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the configuration of a first embodiment of an absorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the configuration of a second embodiment of the absorption heat pump of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the configuration of a third embodiment of the absorption heat pump of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing the configuration of a fourth embodiment of the absorption heat pump of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the configuration of a fifth embodiment of the absorption heat pump of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing the configuration of a sixth embodiment of the absorption heat pump of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing the configuration of a seventh embodiment of the absorption heat pump of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing the configuration of an eighth embodiment of the absorption heat pump of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a configuration of a conventional absorption heat pump.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rectifier 2 Condenser / absorber 5 Subcooling / evaporator 8 Solution heat exchanger 9 Solution pump 10 Regenerator 15/23 Branch amount control valve 19 Tower temperature detector 20 Heater 21 ・ 22 ・ 24 ・ 25 ・28, 31, 34, 35 Controller 26 Cooling water temperature detector 27 Condensation temperature detector 29 Bypass amount control valve 30 Bypass circuit 32 Solution pump suction side temperature detector 33 Solution pump discharge side temperature detector A Decompression unit B Precision Reservoir section C Gas-liquid separation section

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F25B 15/00 306 F25B 15/04

Claims (9)

(57) [Claims] 1. A tower temperature detector for detecting a temperature in a rectifier, comprising a decompression unit, a rectification step, and a gas-liquid separation unit, and a heater provided at least in the gas-liquid separation unit. A rectifier having a condenser, a condenser, a refrigerant tank provided at the condenser outlet, a supercooler, an expansion valve, an evaporator, a solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, and an absorber. A concentrated solution tank provided at the outlet of the absorber, a solution pump, a regenerator, a pipe connecting the respective component parts, and a controller. At the start of operation, the controller controls the inside of the tower. When the temperature in the rectifier detected by the temperature detector is lower than a predetermined temperature, heating by the heater is performed, and when the temperature in the rectifier reaches a predetermined temperature, operation is started. Characteristic absorption heat pump. 2. A rectifier having a decompression section, a rectification step, and a gas-liquid separation section, a tower temperature detector for detecting a temperature in the rectifier, and a rectifier section. A branch amount control valve for controlling the amount of concentrated solution flowing into the contraction section, a condenser, a refrigerant tank provided at the condenser outlet, a supercooler, an expansion valve, and an evaporator,
A solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, an absorber, a concentrated solution tank provided at the absorber outlet, a solution pump, a regenerator, a pipe connecting the respective component parts, and a controller. When the temperature in the rectifier detected by the temperature detector in the tower is lower than a predetermined temperature, the controller closes the branch amount control valve to start operation, and Wherein when the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, the branch amount control valve is opened to a predetermined opening degree. 3. A fractionator, a rectifying step, a gas-liquid separator, a rectifier provided with a heater at least in the gas-liquid separator, and a tower for detecting a temperature in the rectifier. An internal temperature detector, a branch amount control valve for adjusting the amount of concentrated solution flowing into the rectifier decomposing unit, a condenser, a refrigerant tank provided at the condenser outlet, a supercooler, and an expansion unit. A valve, an evaporator, a solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, an absorber, a concentrated solution tank provided at the absorber outlet, a solution pump, a regenerator, and a pipe connecting the respective component parts. And a controller, wherein when the temperature in the rectifier detected by the temperature detector in the tower is lower than a predetermined temperature, the controller closes the branch amount control valve and the heater When the temperature inside the rectifier reaches a predetermined temperature, the branch amount control valve is opened at a predetermined opening. Absorption heat pump, characterized in that opening. 4. A rectifier, a tower temperature detector for detecting a temperature in the rectifier, a condenser having a refrigerant flow path on a primary side and a cooling water flow path on a secondary side, and the condenser A refrigerant tank provided at the outlet of the cooling medium flow path, a subcooler, an expansion valve, an evaporator having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side and a cold water flow path on the secondary side, a solution heat exchanger, A valve, an absorber having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side and a cooling water flow path on the secondary side, a concentrated solution tank provided at the outlet of the absorber refrigerant flow path, a solution pump, a regenerator, A primary-side refrigerant pipe and a secondary-side water pipe for connecting the component parts, and a controller, wherein the controller detects that the temperature in the rectifier detected by the tower temperature detector is lower than a predetermined temperature. Is low, the circulation of the cooling water on the secondary side of the condenser is stopped at least, and the operation is started. Absorption heat pump to the condenser secondary cooling water, characterized in that by a predetermined amount circulated. 5. A refrigerant having a rectifier, a condenser having a refrigerant flow path on a primary side and a cooling water flow path on a secondary side, and a condensation temperature detector provided at an outlet of the condenser refrigerant flow path. A tank, a subcooler, an expansion valve, an evaporator having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side and a chilled water flow path on the secondary side, a solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, and a refrigerant flow path on the primary side And an absorber having a cooling water flow path on the secondary side,
A concentrated solution tank provided at the outlet of the absorber refrigerant flow path,
1 for connecting the solution pump, the regenerator, and each of the above component parts
A secondary-side refrigerant pipe, a secondary-side water pipe, and a controller. When the condensing temperature detected by the condensing temperature detector by the controller is lower than a predetermined temperature, a secondary side of the condenser is provided. The amount of circulating cooling water is reduced, and when the temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature, the amount of circulating cooling water on the secondary side of the condenser is increased so that the amount of cooling water on the secondary side is always kept at a predetermined temperature. Absorption heat pump by adjusting the temperature. 6. A rectifier, a condenser having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side through which rectified gas flows from the rectifier and a cooling water flow path on the secondary side, and an outlet of the condenser refrigerant flow path A refrigerant tank provided with a condensation temperature detector provided in the, a refrigerant circuit connecting the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant flow path, and a bypass circuit having a bypass amount control valve, a supercooler, an expansion valve, An evaporator having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side and a cold water flow path on the secondary side, a solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, and an absorber having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side and a cooling water flow path on the secondary side A refrigerant circuit including a concentrated solution tank provided at the outlet of the absorber refrigerant flow path, a solution pump, a regenerator, and a refrigerant pipe connecting the respective component parts; and a condenser circuit and an absorber. A cooling water circuit including a secondary cooling water flow path, a chilled water circuit including a secondary cooling water flow path of the evaporator,
A condensing temperature detected by the condensing temperature detector, the opening degree of the bypass amount adjusting valve is opened when the condensing temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature, and the bypass amount adjusting valve is opened when the condensing temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature. An absorption heat pump wherein the controller adjusts the degree of opening of the bypass control valve so that the condensing temperature always becomes a predetermined temperature by closing the degree of opening. 7. A rectifier, a condenser, a refrigerant tank provided at an outlet of the condenser, a supercooler, an expansion valve, an evaporator, a solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, an absorption valve, Device, a concentrated solution tank provided at the outlet of the absorber, a solution pump, a suction temperature detector and a discharge temperature detector provided on the suction and discharge sides of the solution pump, a regenerator, and each of the above elements A refrigerant pipe connecting components, and a controller, when the temperature difference between the discharge temperature detector and the suction temperature detector is larger than a predetermined temperature difference, reducing the rotation speed of the solution pump,
An absorption heat pump in which the controller controls the number of revolutions of the solution pump so that the temperature is always within a predetermined temperature difference. 8. A condenser having a rectifier, a refrigerant passage on the primary side into which rectified gas from the rectifier flows, and a cooling water passage on the secondary side, and an outlet of the condenser refrigerant passage. A refrigerant tank provided with a condensation temperature detector provided in the, a refrigerant circuit connecting the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant flow path, and a bypass circuit having a bypass amount control valve, a supercooler, an expansion valve, An evaporator having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side and a cold water flow path on the secondary side, a solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, and an absorber having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side and a cooling water flow path on the secondary side A concentrated solution tank provided at the absorber refrigerant flow path outlet, a solution pump, a suction temperature detector and a discharge temperature detector provided on the suction and discharge sides of the solution pump, a regenerator, A refrigerant circuit composed of refrigerant pipes connecting the respective component parts, and a secondary cooling water flow of the condenser and the absorber. A cooling water circuit configured to flow in parallel to the cooling water circuit including a secondary-side cooling water flow path of the evaporator, and a controller, the controller detects the temperature detected by the suction temperature detector, The flow rate of the cooling water circuit and the rotation speed of the solution pump are adjusted based on the temperature difference detected by the suction temperature detector and the discharge temperature detector, and the bypass temperature is adjusted based on the condenser temperature detected by the condensation temperature detector. An absorption heat pump that controls the opening of the flow control valve. 9. A rectifier comprising: a rectification tower; a rectification gas outlet pipe from above the rectification tower; and a part of the concentrated solution discharged from the solution pump adjusted at a lower end by a branch amount control valve. A condensing heat exchanger having an opening to be discharged into the tower, a condensing portion that becomes a filler filled around the condensing heat exchanger, and a void,
9. A gas liquefier comprising a rectifying step filled with a filler, and a gas-liquid separator comprising a space provided with a high-temperature concentrated solution inlet pipe and a dilute solution outlet pipe. The absorption heat pump according to the item.