JPH0989405A - Absorption type heat pump - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a domestic absorption type heat pump which has a small size, effective starting of the operation and high coefficient of performance of the cycle. SOLUTION: At the time of starting to operate the absorption type heat pump comprising a rectifier 1 having a heater 20 and a temperature detector 19 for detecting the temperature in the rectifier 1, the heater 20 is heated by a controller 21 when the emperature in the rectifier 1 is lower than a predetermined temperature, the operation is started when the temperature in the rectifier 1 reaches the predetermined temperature to be effectively started.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a domestic absorption heat pump using ammonia, water or the like as a working medium.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, this type of absorption heat pump is not for home use but for business use. As shown in FIG.
Generator / rectifier 50 in which a generator and a rectifier are integrally configured
And a condenser 53 having a coolant passage 51 on the primary side and a cooling water passage 52 on the secondary side, a coolant tank 54 provided at the outlet of the condenser coolant passage 51, a supercooler 55, and expansion. Valve 56
An evaporator 59 having a refrigerant flow path 57 on the primary side and a cold water flow path 58 on the secondary side, a solution heat exchanger 60, and a pressure reducing valve 61.
An absorber 64 having a coolant channel 62 on the primary side and a cooling water channel 63 on the secondary side; a concentrated solution tank 65 provided at the outlet of the absorber coolant channel 62; a solution pump 66; It is composed of a refrigerant pipe 67 that connects each component, a cooling water circuit 68 that connects the secondary cooling water flow paths of the condenser and the absorber, and a cold water circuit 69 that includes the secondary cooling water circuit of the evaporator. It had been. The generator / rectifier 50 is filled with a large amount of concentrated ammonia water solution, and such a configuration is called a full liquid type. The generator / rectifier 50 is installed in a large-diameter cylindrical tower.
The packing material is filled with a packing material D, which is composed of a partial condenser 70 having a structure in which a metal tube is wound in a coil shape (generally called a flexible tube heat exchanger) and a filler material 71 arranged around the former. A rectification stage E, an ammonia water concentrated solution (an aqueous solution having a high ammonia concentration; hereinafter referred to as a concentrated solution) inflow pipe, and a dilute ammonia water solution (an aqueous solution having a low ammonia concentration; hereinafter referred to as a dilute solution) withdrawal pipe are provided. In addition, it is composed of a generating part F that holds a large amount of concentrated solution, and a heating source 72 such as a gas burner that heats the generating part F.

The operation will be described below. The concentrated ammonia water solution is sent to the dephlegmator D of the generator / rectifier 50 by the solution pump 66 and is heated there by the dephlegmated heat (decomposition heat recovery). Next, the solution heat exchanger 60 exchanges heat with the high temperature dilute solution returned from the dilute solution take-out pipe of the rectifier to raise the temperature. Then, the concentrated solution is generated from the concentrated solution inflow pipe.
The concentrated solution introduced into the rectifier 50 and heated by the heating source 72 is heated by the heating source 72 to generate steam. The generated steam is
It is an equilibrium vapor that matches the pressure and temperature and contains water vapor along with ammonia. The generated equilibrium vapor rises to the rectification stage section E and the decondensation section D, but comes into contact with the condensate generated in the dephlegmator 70 in the rectification stage and is cooled. At that time, the steam in the steam is more easily liquefied, and most of the steam and a small amount of ammonia steam are condensed and dropped. On the other hand, most of the ammonia vapor rises as it is. Such a divider 7
The concentration process of ammonia vapor by cooling 0
As a result of being repeatedly carried out in the column, high-purity ammonia vapor close to 100% can be taken out from the rectification gas taking-out pipe at the top of the column. On the other hand, the high temperature / low concentration equilibrium liquid (dilute solution) reaches the solution heat exchanger 60 from the dilute solution take-out pipe of the generator / rectifier 50, where it is cooled by exchanging heat with the concentrated solution. Then, after passing through the pressure reducing valve 61, the absorber 6
Enter 4. Further, the low temperature and high concentration ammonia vapor is discharged from the rectifying gas extraction pipe of the rectifying device to the condenser 53 and the supercooler 5.
5, the expansion valve 56, the evaporator 59, the supercooler 55, and the absorber 64. Cold water can be produced by the evaporator 59. In the absorber 64, absorption heat is taken away,
Ammonia gas is absorbed in the dilute solution and the concentrated solution is regenerated.

[0004]

However, since the conventional absorption heat pump has a large size for commercial use and the generator / rectifier is a full liquid type, a large amount of ammonia water can be stored in a predetermined amount when the operation is started. Since it is necessary to heat to the temperature (steam generation temperature), there is a problem that the start-up of operation is slow. In addition, the amount of ammonia water filled was large, and there was a risk of serious damage when leaking.

Furthermore, since the dilute solution produced in the generator / rectifier 50 is mixed with the concentrated solution flowing in, the generator / rectifier 5
The concentration of the dilute solution (which becomes the absorbing liquid) flowing out from the dilute solution take-out pipe of 0 becomes high. Further, the temperature of the concentrated solution flowing into the solution heat exchanger 60 becomes higher due to the partial condensation heat recovered in the rectifier, so that the diluted solution flowing out from the rectifier (for absorbing the ammonia gas in the absorber, The temperature of the absorbing solution) cannot be lower than the temperature of the concentrated solution. As a result, the circulation rate of the solution pump 66 must be increased and the temperature of the dilute solution must be lowered, and a large amount of heat as well as absorption heat must be discarded out of the system, and the coefficient of performance of the absorption system is low. Had a problem.

Further, the heat radiation state of the secondary side cooling water circuit, which is mainly influenced by the outside air condition, has a problem that the cycle operation becomes unstable and the coefficient of performance is lowered due to this outside air condition. It was

The present invention solves the above problems and is a compact absorption heat pump for home use which is small in size, has a quick start-up, can be cycled with a small amount of refrigerant, and can improve the cycle coefficient of performance. The first purpose is to provide.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a domestic absorption heat pump capable of performing highly efficient and stable cycle operation irrespective of outside air conditions.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an absorption heat pump of the present invention has a partial condensing section, a rectifying step section, and a gas-liquid separating section. A temperature detector in the tower for detecting the temperature, a rectifier equipped with a heater at least in the gas-liquid separation section, a condenser, a refrigerant tank provided at the condenser outlet, a supercooler, and an expansion valve. , An evaporator, a solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, an absorber, a concentrated solution tank provided at the absorber outlet, a solution pump, a regenerator, a pipe connecting each component, and a controller When the temperature inside the rectifier detected by the temperature detector in the tower is lower than a predetermined temperature by the controller at the start of the operation, heating is performed by the heater and the inside of the rectifier is set to the predetermined value. It is configured to start operation when the temperature is reached.

Further, a rectifier having a dephlegmating section, a rectifying stage section, a gas-liquid separating section, and a column temperature detector for detecting the temperature in the rectifier, and the rectifier. A branch amount control valve that controls the amount of concentrated solution flowing into the condensing unit, a condenser, a refrigerant tank provided at the condenser outlet, a subcooler, an expansion valve, an evaporator, and a solution heat exchanger. A pressure reducing valve, an absorber, a concentrated solution tank provided at the outlet of the absorber, a solution pump, a regenerator,
A pipe for connecting each component and a controller are provided, and when the temperature in the rectifier detected by the temperature detector in the tower is lower than a predetermined temperature by the controller, the branch amount control valve is closed. When the operation is started and the inside of the rectifier reaches a predetermined temperature, the branch amount control valve is opened to a predetermined opening.

[0011] Further, a tower temperature detector for detecting the temperature in the rectifier, which has a partial condensing section, a rectification stage section, and a gas-liquid separation section, and a heater for at least the gas-liquid separation section. Equipped rectifier,
A branch amount control valve for controlling the inflow amount of the concentrated solution to the rectifier dephlegmating section, a condenser, and a refrigerant tank provided at the condenser outlet,
Supercooler, expansion valve, evaporator, solution heat exchanger, pressure reducing valve, absorber, concentrated solution tank provided at absorber outlet, solution pump, regenerator, and each component And a controller for connecting the pipe, and when the temperature in the rectifier detected by the temperature detector in the tower is lower than a predetermined temperature by the controller, the branch amount control valve is closed and the heater is used. The operation is started by performing heating, and when the inside of the rectifier reaches a predetermined temperature, the branch amount control valve is opened to a predetermined opening.

Further, a rectifier, a temperature detector in the tower for detecting the temperature in the rectifier, a condenser having a refrigerant passage on the primary side and a cooling water passage on the secondary side, and a condenser refrigerant A refrigerant tank provided at the flow path outlet, a supercooler, an expansion valve, an evaporator having a refrigerant flow path on the primary side and a cold water flow path on the secondary side, a solution heat exchanger, and a pressure reducing valve. An absorber having a coolant channel on the primary side and a cooling water channel on the secondary side, a concentrated solution tank provided at the outlet of the absorber coolant channel, a solution pump, a regenerator, and each component are connected At least when the temperature inside the rectifier detected by the temperature detector inside the tower is lower than a predetermined temperature by the controller. The circulation of the cooling water on the secondary side of the condenser is stopped and the operation is started. When the temperature inside the rectifier reaches a predetermined temperature, a predetermined amount of the cooling water on the secondary side of the condenser is circulated. It is configured to so that.

Further, a refrigerant tank provided with a rectifier, a condenser having a refrigerant passage on the primary side and a cooling water passage on the secondary side, and a condensation temperature detector provided at the outlet of the condenser refrigerant passage. , A supercooler, an expansion valve, an evaporator having a refrigerant channel on the primary side and a cold water channel on the secondary side, a solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, 1
An absorber having a refrigerant channel on the secondary side and a cooling water channel on the secondary side; a concentrated solution tank provided at the absorber refrigerant channel outlet;
It is provided with a solution pump, a regenerator, a primary-side refrigerant pipe connecting the respective component parts, a secondary-side water pipe, and a controller, and the controller allows the condensation temperature detected by the condensation temperature detector to be a predetermined value. When the temperature is lower than the temperature, the circulation amount of the secondary side cooling water of the condenser is decreased, and when the temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature, the circulation amount of the secondary side cooling water of the condenser is increased to keep the condensing temperature at a predetermined level. The secondary side cooling water amount is adjusted so as to reach the above temperature.

Further, a rectifier, a refrigerant channel into which rectified gas from the rectifier flows into the primary side, a condenser having a cooling water channel in the secondary side, and a condenser refrigerant channel outlet are provided. Refrigerant tank equipped with the condensed temperature detector, a bypass circuit connecting the refrigerant flow path inlet and outlet of the condenser and having a bypass amount control valve, a supercooler, an expansion valve, and a primary side An evaporator having a refrigerant channel and a cold water channel on the secondary side, a solution heat exchanger,
A pressure reducing valve, an absorber having a refrigerant passage on the primary side and a cooling water passage on the secondary side, a concentrated solution tank provided at the outlet of the absorber refrigerant passage, a solution pump, a regenerator, and each element A refrigerant circuit including a refrigerant pipe connecting components, a cooling water circuit including a secondary cooling water flow path of a condenser and an absorber, a cold water circuit including a secondary cooling water flow path of an evaporator, and a controller. The bypass amount control valve is opened when the condensation temperature detected by the condensation temperature detector is lower than a predetermined temperature, and the bypass amount control valve is closed when the condensation temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature. The controller adjusts the opening degree of the bypass control valve so that the condensing temperature always becomes a predetermined temperature.

Further, a rectifier, a condenser, a refrigerant tank provided at the outlet of the condenser, a subcooler, an expansion valve,
An evaporator, a solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, an absorber, a concentrated solution tank provided at the absorber outlet, a solution pump, a suction temperature detector provided at the suction and discharge sides of the solution pump, and A discharge temperature detector, a regenerator, a refrigerant pipe connecting each component, and a controller, and a solution pump if the temperature difference between the discharge temperature detector and the suction temperature detector is larger than a predetermined temperature difference. The rotational speed of the solution pump is controlled so that the rotational speed of the solution pump is decreased so that the temperature difference is always within a predetermined temperature difference.

Further, a rectifier, a refrigerant passage into which rectification gas from the rectifier flows into the primary side, a condenser having a cooling water passage into the secondary side, and a condenser refrigerant passage outlet are provided. Refrigerant tank equipped with the condensed temperature detector, a bypass circuit connecting the refrigerant flow path inlet and outlet of the condenser and having a bypass amount control valve, a supercooler, an expansion valve, and a primary side An evaporator having a refrigerant channel and a cold water channel on the secondary side, a solution heat exchanger,
A pressure reducing valve, an absorber having a refrigerant passage on the primary side and a cooling water passage on the secondary side, a concentrated solution tank provided at the outlet of the absorber refrigerant passage, a solution pump, and suction and discharge of the solution pump. Side inlet side temperature detector and outlet temperature temperature detector, a regenerator, a refrigerant circuit consisting of a refrigerant pipe connecting each component, and a secondary side cooling water flow path of a condenser and an absorber in parallel. A cooling water circuit configured to flow, a cooling water circuit including a secondary side cold water flow path of the evaporator, and a controller are provided, and the controller detects the temperature detected by the intake temperature detector, the intake temperature detector, and the discharge. It is configured to adjust the flow rate of the cooling water circuit and the solution pump rotation speed based on the temperature difference detected by the temperature detector, and adjust the opening of the bypass amount control valve based on the condensation temperature detected by the condensation temperature detector. I am doing it.

The rectifier is a rectification tower, a rectification gas take-out pipe from above the rectification tower, and a part of the concentrated solution discharged from the solution pump at the lower end of the rectification tower, and a part of the concentrated solution is adjusted by a branch amount control valve. A partial condensation heat exchanger having an opening to be discharged into the inside, a partial shrinkage portion which is a filling material filled around the partial condensation heat exchanger, a void, and a rectification step portion filled with the filling material. , And a gas-liquid separation section composed of a space provided with a high temperature concentrated solution inflow tube and a dilute solution withdrawal tube.

[0018]

According to the present invention, with the above-described structure, when the operation is started, the gas-liquid separation part of the rectifier is heated to the predetermined temperature of the temperature detector by the heating by the heater so that the inside of the rectifier has the predetermined temperature. When the temperature reaches, the inside of the rectifier is brought to a saturated pressure (high pressure) according to the temperature.

Further, by using a rectifier for discharging a part of the concentrated solution discharged from the pump into the rectifier, the branch amount control valve is closed to start the operation without flowing the low temperature concentrated solution into the rectifier. Therefore, the temperature in the rectifier is quickly raised and the saturation pressure is adjusted according to the temperature.

Further, by using the heater and the branch amount control valve together as described above, the temperature in the rectifier can be more surely raised to a saturation pressure corresponding to the temperature.

Further, even if the operation is started after the circulation of the secondary side cooling water is stopped, the same effect is obtained.

The high pressure of the cycle operation is determined by the condensing temperature. Since the secondary side cooling water circulation amount is controlled so that the condensing temperature becomes a predetermined temperature, the high pressure does not depend on the outside air condition. Keep constant.

Further, by providing a bypass circuit in the condenser and controlling the condenser bypass amount so that the condensation temperature becomes a predetermined temperature, the high pressure is kept constant.

Further, since the solution pump itself generates a little heat and has a compression effect, a temperature detector is provided at the suction / discharge of the solution pump, and the operation of the solution pump is judged from the temperature difference. And, the pump operation without cavitation is realized.

By controlling the condensing temperature to be constant and controlling the solution pump operation based on the suction / discharge temperature of the solution pump, the high pressure is kept constant and the solution pump operation without cavitation is performed.

Further, a part of the concentrated solution is made to flow out into the rectification column from the lower end opening of the partial condensation heat exchanger, so that the concentrated solution flowing down through the partial condensation heat exchanger and the high temperature in the packed bed portion. Heat is exchanged with the equilibrium vapor of the high temperature concentrated solution flowing into the tower through the concentrated solution inflow pipe and rising, and the heat of the equilibrium vapor of the high temperature concentrated solution flowing from the generator is passed through the partial condensation heat exchanger. The flowing concentrated solution is heated to generate a predetermined amount of equilibrium vapor having a higher ammonia concentration at a temperature lower than that of the high temperature concentrated solution in the vicinity of the partial condensing part. The equilibrium vapor with high ammonia concentration at high temperature is used to generate the vapor with high ammonia concentration at low temperature from the concentrated solution flowing its thermal energy into the tower through the dephlegmator (heat recovery), and also by itself. It becomes a vapor with a high ammonia concentration at low temperatures. As a result, the amount of heat input to the regenerator can be reduced and the coefficient of performance of the cycle can be increased.

[0027]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the absorption heat pump of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 1, 1 is a rectifier, 2 is a condenser / absorber in which a condenser 3 and an absorber 4 are integrated as a laminated heat exchanger, and 5 is a supercooler as a laminated heat exchanger. 6
A supercooling / evaporator 8 in which the evaporator and the evaporator 7 are integrally configured,
Is a solution heat exchanger, 9 is a solution pump, 10 is a regenerator, 11
Is a refrigerant tank, 12 is a concentrated solution tank, 13 is an expansion valve, 1
Reference numeral 4 is a pressure reducing valve, 15 is a branch amount control valve, 16 is a refrigerant pipe connecting each component, 17 is a cooling water circuit, 18 is a cold water circuit, and 19 is a tower temperature detection for detecting the temperature in the rectifier 1. Reference numeral 20 is a heater such as an electric heater, and 21 is a controller for controlling the energization of the heater 20 based on the temperature signal from the in-column temperature detector 19. In the rectifier 1, a rectifying gas take-out pipe 1a and a part of the concentrated solution discharged from the solution pump are adjusted by a branching amount adjusting valve 15 to flow in from the upper side, and a spiral tube heat exchanger 1b and its surroundings flow out into the tower. A gas having a space provided with a decondensation part A composed of a filling material 1c filled in, a rectifying step part B filled with the filling material 1c, a high temperature concentrated solution introducing pipe 1d and a dilute solution extracting pipe 1e. It is the liquid separation section C. Note that demisters are actually arranged above and below for the purpose of holding the filling material 1c in the partial contraction section A and the rectification step section B. The configuration in which the rectifier 1 and the regenerator 10 are separated is called a once-through type, and the regenerator 10,
Both the rectifier 1 and the rectifier 1 can be designed to have a necessary minimum size, and the concentration of the dilute solution can be secured. . And
In the case where the heat exchanger is of a laminated type, the filling amount of ammonia water can be minimized.

Next, the cycle operation will be described. By the solution pump 9, a part of the concentrated solution is sent to the rectifier decondensing section A, and the rest is sent to the solution heat exchanger 8. The concentrated solution sent to the solution heat exchanger 8 exchanges heat with the dilute solution flowing out from the lower portion of the rectifier 1 to be heated and heated. Then, it is sent to the regenerator 10 and heated to a predetermined temperature in the two-phase region, and then flows into the rectifier 1 through the high temperature concentrated solution introducing pipe 1d. On the other hand, the division part A
The concentrated solution sent to is heated by partial condensation heat and is heated to the steam generation temperature. Then, it is introduced into the rectifier 1 at the steam generation temperature. The method of introducing a part of the concentrated solution into the rectifier 1 (hereinafter referred to as a branch method) can increase the coefficient of performance COP as compared with the basic method.

The reason is that a part of the heat of the vapor of the high temperature concentrated solution flowing through the regenerator 10 in the rectification stage B is introduced into the rectifier 1 at the vapor generation temperature from the partial condensing unit A. A part of the concentrated solution is heated to generate a low temperature gas, and the high temperature steam itself becomes a low temperature steam. In this way, a predetermined amount of low temperature steam can be generated. Thus
The load on the generator during the steam generation process can be reduced, and as a result, the COP can be increased. The rectification stage B is designed by setting the temperature of the concentrated solution that branches and flows in (vapor generation temperature) to the reflux liquid temperature.
The rectified gas flowing out from the top of the rectifier 1 reaches the absorber 4 via the condenser 3, the refrigerant tank 11, the subcooler 6, the expansion valve 13, the evaporator 7, and the subcooler 6. On the other hand, the dilute solution flowing out from the lower part of the rectifier 1 reaches the absorber 4 via the solution heat exchanger 8 and the pressure reducing valve 14. In the absorber 4, the dilute solution absorbs the rectified gas (ammonia) to regenerate the concentrated solution.

In the above-mentioned structure, unlike the full-filled type, the concentrated solution is mainly stored in the concentrated solution tank 12. The volume of the concentrated solution tank 12 is designed to be as small as possible assuming home appliances. As a result of diligent studies, we have found that in order to smoothly start up the operation by the once-through method, the operation is started and the concentrated solution in the concentrated solution tank 12 is not exhausted, and the rectifier 1 has a pressure higher than a set pressure. I found that it was necessary to become. When the pressure inside the rectifier 1 becomes high and the pressure inside the absorber (low pressure) exceeds a certain differential pressure, a propulsive force for sending the dilute solution to the absorber 4 is generated, and the concentrated solution is replenished in the concentrated solution tank 12.

However, when the operation is stopped for a long time, the ammonia water filled in the system is distributed not only in the concentrated solution tank 12 but also in the rectifier 1, and the temperature of the entire system is low. When the operation is started from that state, since the temperature of the rectifier 1 is low and has a heat capacity itself, even if a concentrated solution having a temperature higher than that of the regenerator 10 flows in, the pressure in the rectifier 1 is quite low. Was not lifted up, and eventually the concentrated solution in the concentrated solution tank 12 ran out,
It was occasionally observed that the solution pump 9 could not be fed, the regenerator 10 was burnt out, which caused damage to the solution pump 9 and the regenerator 10, and the operation could not be started up.
This phenomenon can be avoided by increasing the filling amount,
If the filling amount is increased too much, the high pressure will rise abnormally during overload operation and the capacity will deteriorate. Therefore, the inventors have studied the means capable of stable operation startup with an appropriate filling amount, and have reached the present invention.

In the first embodiment, a heater 20 is provided around the gas-liquid separation section C of the rectifier 1 so that the temperature inside the rectifier 1 detected by the tower temperature detector 19 is low. In this case, the controller 21 energizes the heater 20 to bring it to a predetermined temperature (about 5
(0 ° C.). Then, the operation is started when the temperature in the rectifier 1 reaches a predetermined temperature. As a result, the pressure (high pressure) in the rectifier 1 immediately rises, and the cycle operation can be surely started.

Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that when the temperature in the rectifier 1 is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, the controller 22 closes the branch amount control valve 23 to start the operation. The point is that the opening is set to a predetermined value when the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature. Since the high temperature concentrated solution (two-phase) flowing from the regenerator 10 is not cooled by closing the branch amount control valve 23, the temperature in the rectifier 1 can be increased. Therefore, also in this case, the same effect as the first embodiment is obtained.

Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The third embodiment is a combination of the first and second embodiments, and when the temperature inside the tower is a predetermined temperature or less, the controller 24 closes the branch amount control valve 23,
The operation is started while the heater 20 is energized, and when the temperature inside the tower reaches a predetermined temperature, the branch amount control valve 23 is set to a predetermined opening. As a result, the pressure in the rectifier 1 can be increased more reliably and the cycle operation can be started. Further, since the tower inflow concentrated solution temperature can be detected by arranging the tower temperature detector 19 so as to be provided under the partial condensing unit A, the tower inflow concentrated solution temperature can be properly controlled. Therefore, the efficiency of rectification can be increased.

Next, a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. When the temperature inside the tower is below a predetermined temperature at the time of starting operation, the controller 25 closes the cooling water control valve 26 for controlling the secondary side cooling water flow rate of the condenser / absorber 2 to start the operation. The cooling water control valve 26 is opened to a predetermined opening when the internal temperature reaches a predetermined temperature. When the cooling water is made to flow in parallel to the condenser 3 and the absorber 4, the condensation temperature can be regarded as near the cooling water temperature. Since the circulation of the cooling water is stopped until the condensation temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, for example, 30 ° C, the high pressure of the system can be easily raised when the operation is started, and the normal operation can be started. . Although the cooling water control valve 26 is used for adjusting the cooling water flow rate in the embodiment, it goes without saying that the rotation speed of the cooling water circulation pump may be controlled.

Next, a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The fifth embodiment is different from the fourth embodiment in that a condensing temperature detector 27 is provided and the controller 28 controls the cooling water control valve 26 so that the condensing temperature is always constant. The point is to start operation and perform cycle operation. When the condensing temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature, the cooling water control valve 26 is throttled, and when it is higher, the cooling water control valve 26 is opened. In this way, it is possible to always realize stable operation under a constant high pressure regardless of outdoor conditions. The condensing temperature determines the high pressure of the system, but it is preferable to be able to lower the condensing temperature from the viewpoint of performance, but if it is too low, the high pressure will decrease and the pressure difference from the low pressure (propulsion force that pushes the dilute solution from the rectifier) ) Shrinks and the dilute solution eventually overflows into the rectifier 1,
Eventually, it spouts from the upper part of the rectifier 1 and the capacity is lowered.
According to the present invention, a high voltage can be reliably guaranteed and stable operation can be performed. In this case also, as in the fourth embodiment,
Needless to say, the rotation speed of the cooling water circulation pump may be controlled without using the cooling water control valve 26 for adjusting the cooling water flow rate.

Next, a sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. From the rectifier outlet (condenser inlet) to the condenser 3
Bypass circuit 3 including bypass amount control valve 29 reaching the outlet
0, and the condensation temperature detector 2 provided at the condenser refrigerant outlet
The controller 31 controls the opening degree of the bypass amount control valve 29 so that the temperature of 7 (condensation temperature) becomes constant. When the condensation temperature is low, the bypass amount control valve 29 is opened, and when the condensation temperature is high, the bypass amount control valve 29 is closed. Although not shown here, the tower temperature detector 19 is used together, the tower temperature detector 19 monitors the liquid level in the rectifier 1, and the bypass amount control valve 29 is controlled accordingly. May be.

Next, a seventh embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. A suction temperature detector 32 and a discharge temperature detector 33 are provided on the suction and discharge sides of the solution pump 9, respectively, and the controller 34 controls the rotation speed of the solution pump 9 based on the temperature difference. Since the solution pump 9 itself generates heat (motor portion) and the solution pump 9 has a compression effect, the temperature of the concentrated solution rises as it passes through the solution pump 9. The appropriate temperature difference is empirically within 2 deg, and when it is 4 deg or more, the solution pump 9 causes cavitation (gas bite) after a while. It has been confirmed that the phenomenon in which the temperature difference widens occurs when the cooling water conditions change and the high / low pressure difference narrows. Therefore, when such a phenomenon occurs, the rotation speed of the solution pump 9 is reduced. Thereby, the reliability of the solution pump 9 can be significantly improved.

Next, an eighth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. This is a combination of the fifth, sixth, and seventh embodiments. The cooling water condition is estimated from the suction temperature detected by the suction temperature detector 32 provided on the suction side of the solution pump 9, and if the cooling water condition is low, cooling is performed. The water temperature control valve 26 is throttled to set the suction temperature to a predetermined temperature. This is because if the temperature on the suction side is lowered too much, a large amount of heat is required to generate steam in the regenerator, and the coefficient of performance is lowered. In this state, when the condensation temperature is detected by the condensation temperature detector 27, if the condensation temperature is low, the controller 35 opens the opening of the bypass amount control valve 29 of the bypass circuit 30 of the condenser 3, and if it is high, the bypass control valve 2
The high pressure can be made constant by closing the opening of 9 to control the condensation temperature to be constant. Further, the rotation speed of the solution pump 9 is controlled so that the temperature difference between the temperatures detected by the discharge temperature detector 33 and the suction temperature detector 32 is within a predetermined temperature difference.
In this way, a practical stable cycle operation can be realized.

It goes without saying that the above-mentioned embodiments may be combined. Although not particularly described, normal operation control is performed by controlling the opening of the expansion valve so that the evaporation temperature after the expansion valve is constant, but this may be combined with the above embodiment. Needless to say. Further, the in-column temperature detector for detecting the temperature in the rectifier column is provided below the condensing unit, but the present invention is not limited to this.
Although the heat exchanger is of the laminated type, it goes without saying that the heat exchanger is not limited to this. Further, the heater can be used when discharging the refrigerant.

[0042]

As described above, the present invention has the following effects.

(1) Since the inside of the rectifier is heated to a predetermined temperature by the heater to start the operation, the operation can be surely started up.

(2) Since the branch amount control valve is closed to start the operation, the inside of the rectifier can be quickly set to a high pressure and the operation can be surely started up.

(3) By controlling the heater and the branch amount control valve, the operation can be started up more reliably.

(4) Since the secondary side cooling water is stopped and the operation is started until the temperature in the tower rises to a predetermined temperature, the operation can be surely started up.

(5) Since the condensing temperature is controlled to be constant by adjusting the amount of secondary side cooling water, a stable absorption heat pump having a high coefficient of performance can be provided.

(6) Since the condenser is provided with a bypass circuit and the condensing temperature is controlled to be constant irrespective of outside air conditions, stable heat pump operation can be performed.

(7) Since the operation of the solution pump can always be guaranteed, the reliability of the solution pump can be improved.

(8) By controlling the condensation temperature and the solution pump operation, it is possible to provide a highly reliable absorption heat pump having a high coefficient of performance.

(9) Since the rectifier is of the flow-through type and has the structure in which the concentrated solution is caused to flow into the rectifier, a small-sized absorption heat pump having a high cycle performance coefficient can be provided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a structural cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of an absorption heat pump of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a structural cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of an absorption heat pump of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a structural cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of an absorption heat pump of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a structural sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of an absorption heat pump of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a structural sectional view showing a fifth embodiment of an absorption heat pump of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a structural sectional view showing a sixth embodiment of an absorption heat pump of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a structural sectional view showing a seventh embodiment of an absorption heat pump of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing the configuration of an absorption heat pump according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing the structure of a conventional absorption heat pump.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 rectifier 2 condenser / absorber 5 supercooler / evaporator 8 solution heat exchanger 9 solution pump 10 regenerator 15/23 branch amount control valve 19 tower temperature detector 20 heater 21/22/24/25 / 28 ・ 31 ・ 34 ・ 35 Controller 26 Cooling water temperature detector 27 Condensation temperature detector 29 Bypass amount control valve 30 Bypass circuit 32 Solution pump suction side temperature detector 33 Solution pump discharge side temperature detector A Decomposition section B Reservoir section C Gas-liquid separation section

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A tower temperature detector for detecting a temperature in a rectifier, comprising: a partial condensing unit, a rectifying stage unit, and a gas-liquid separating unit; and a heater for at least the gas-liquid separating unit. And a condenser, a refrigerant tank provided at the condenser outlet, a supercooler, an expansion valve, an evaporator, a solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, and an absorber. , A concentrated solution tank provided at the outlet of the absorber, a solution pump, a regenerator, a pipe connecting the respective component parts, and a controller, and at the start of operation, the controller causes the inside of the tower When the temperature in the rectifier detected by the temperature detector is lower than a predetermined temperature, heating by the heater is performed, and operation is started when the inside of the rectifier reaches a predetermined temperature. A characteristic absorption heat pump. 2. A rectifying device having a dephlegmating part, a rectifying step part, and a gas-liquid separating part, an in-column temperature detector for detecting the temperature in the rectifying device, and the rectifying device part. A branch amount control valve for controlling the inflow amount of the concentrated solution to the constriction section, a condenser, a refrigerant tank provided at the condenser outlet, a supercooler, an expansion valve, and an evaporator,
A solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, an absorber, a concentrated solution tank provided at the absorber outlet, a solution pump, a regenerator, a pipe connecting the respective component parts, and a controller. When the temperature in the rectifier detected by the tower temperature detector is lower than a predetermined temperature by the controller, the branch amount control valve is closed to start the operation, and the rectifier An absorption heat pump, wherein the branch amount control valve is opened to a predetermined opening when the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature. 3. A fractionation unit, a rectification stage unit, a gas-liquid separation unit, a rectifier equipped with a heater in at least the gas-liquid separation unit, and a tower for detecting the temperature in the rectification unit. An internal temperature detector, a branch amount control valve for adjusting the inflow amount of the concentrated solution into the rectifier partial condensation unit, a condenser, a refrigerant tank provided at the condenser outlet, a supercooler, and an expansion. A valve, an evaporator, a solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, an absorber, a concentrated solution tank provided at the absorber outlet, a solution pump, a regenerator, and piping for connecting the above-mentioned respective component parts. And a controller, and when the temperature in the rectifier detected by the temperature detector in the tower is lower than a predetermined temperature by the controller, the branch amount control valve is closed and the heater is When the temperature inside the rectifier reaches a predetermined temperature, the branch amount control valve is opened by a predetermined opening degree. Absorption heat pump, characterized in that opening. 4. A rectifier, a temperature detector in the tower for detecting the temperature in the rectifier, a condenser having a refrigerant channel on the primary side and a cooling water channel on the secondary side, and the condenser. Tank provided at the outlet of the refrigerant flow path, supercooler, expansion valve, evaporator having refrigerant flow path on the primary side and cold water flow path on the secondary side, solution heat exchanger, and decompression A valve, an absorber having a refrigerant passage on the primary side and a cooling water passage on the secondary side, a concentrated solution tank provided at the outlet of the absorber refrigerant passage, a solution pump, a regenerator, and each of the above A primary side refrigerant pipe and a secondary side water pipe for connecting the component parts are provided, and a controller, and the temperature in the rectifier detected by the tower temperature detector is higher than a predetermined temperature by the controller. When the temperature is low, at least the secondary side cooling water of the condenser is stopped and the operation is started, and when the inside of the rectifier reaches a predetermined temperature, Absorption heat pump to the condenser secondary cooling water, characterized in that by a predetermined amount circulated. 5. A refrigerant comprising a rectifier, a condenser having a refrigerant passage on the primary side and a cooling water passage on the secondary side, and a condensation temperature detector provided at the outlet of the condenser refrigerant passage. Tank, supercooler, expansion valve, evaporator having refrigerant flow passage on primary side and cold water flow passage on secondary side, solution heat exchanger, pressure reducing valve, refrigerant flow passage on primary side And an absorber having a cooling water flow path on the secondary side,
A concentrated solution tank provided at the absorber refrigerant flow path outlet,
Connect the solution pump, regenerator, and each of the above element parts 1
A secondary refrigerant pipe, a secondary water pipe, and a controller are provided, and when the condensation temperature detected by the condensation temperature detector by the controller is lower than a predetermined temperature, the secondary side of the condenser. The circulation amount of the cooling water is decreased, and when the temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature, the circulation amount of the secondary cooling water of the condenser is increased so that the condensation temperature is always the predetermined temperature. Absorption heat pump that is adjusted. 6. A rectifier, a condenser having a refrigerant flow path into which a rectification gas from the rectifier flows into a primary side, and a cooling water flow path in a secondary side, and a condenser refrigerant flow path outlet. A refrigerant tank provided with a condensation temperature detector provided in, a refrigerant flow path inlet and outlet of the condenser, and a bypass circuit having a bypass amount control valve, a supercooler, an expansion valve, An evaporator having a refrigerant channel on the primary side and a cold water channel on the secondary side, a solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, an absorber having a refrigerant channel on the primary side and a cooling water channel on the secondary side. A refrigerant circuit comprising a concentrated solution tank provided at the outlet of the absorber refrigerant flow path, a solution pump, a regenerator, and a refrigerant pipe connecting the respective component parts, and the condenser and the absorber. A cooling water circuit including a secondary cooling water passage, and a cooling water circuit including a secondary cooling water passage of the evaporator,
A controller, and opens the bypass amount control valve when the condensation temperature detected by the condensation temperature detector is lower than a predetermined temperature, and the bypass amount control valve when the condensation temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature. An absorption heat pump in which the opening of the bypass control valve is adjusted by the controller so that the condensation temperature is always a predetermined temperature. 7. A rectifier, a condenser, a refrigerant tank provided at the outlet of the condenser, a subcooler, an expansion valve, an evaporator, a solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, and an absorber. Vessel, a concentrated solution tank provided at the absorber outlet, a solution pump, an intake temperature detector and an outlet temperature detector provided on the suction and discharge sides of the solution pump, a regenerator, and each of the above elements. A refrigerant pipe connecting the components and a controller are provided, and when the temperature difference between the discharge temperature detector and the suction temperature detector is larger than a predetermined temperature difference, the rotation speed of the solution pump is reduced,
An absorption heat pump in which the rotation speed of the solution pump is controlled by the controller so that the temperature difference is always within a predetermined temperature difference. 8. A rectifier, a condenser having a refrigerant flow path into which a rectification gas from the rectifier flows into a primary side, and a cooling water flow path in a secondary side, and a condenser refrigerant flow path outlet. A refrigerant tank provided with a condensation temperature detector provided in, a refrigerant flow path inlet and outlet of the condenser, and a bypass circuit having a bypass amount control valve, a supercooler, an expansion valve, An evaporator having a refrigerant channel on the primary side and a cold water channel on the secondary side, a solution heat exchanger, a pressure reducing valve, an absorber having a refrigerant channel on the primary side and a cooling water channel on the secondary side. A concentrated solution tank provided at the absorber refrigerant flow path outlet, a solution pump, a suction temperature detector and a discharge temperature detector provided at the suction and discharge sides of the solution pump, a regenerator, and Refrigerant circuit including a refrigerant pipe connecting each component, and a secondary side cooling water flow of the condenser and the absorber A cooling water circuit configured to flow in parallel with each other, a cooling water circuit including a secondary side cooling water flow path of the evaporator, and a controller, and a temperature detected by the suction temperature detector by the controller, The flow rate of the cooling water circuit and the solution pump rotation speed are adjusted based on the temperature difference detected by the suction temperature detector and the discharge temperature detector, and the bypass is applied based on the condenser temperature detected by the condensation temperature detector. An absorption heat pump that adjusts the opening of the quantity control valve. 9. The rectifier comprises a rectification column, a rectification gas extraction pipe from above the rectification column, and a portion of a concentrated solution discharged from a solution pump at a lower end of the rectification column controlled by a branch amount control valve. A partial condensation heat exchanger having an opening for flowing out into the tower and a partial condensation part which is a packing material filled around the partial condensation heat exchanger, and a void,
9. A rectifying step section filled with a packing material, and a gas-liquid separating section composed of a space provided with a high temperature concentrated solution inflow tube and a dilute solution withdrawing tube. The absorption heat pump according to the item.