JP2952761B2 - Marine fish breeding water quality management device and method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to water quality management for rearing marine fish such as flounder.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, fisheries themselves have been shifting from catching fisheries to growing fisheries from the viewpoint of nurturing marine resources. The breeding of saltwater fish is largely divided into livestock culture, in which a fish cage is floated on the sea surface and raised inside, and land culture, in which seawater is drawn into a water tank and raised inside the water tank. , Flowing water type, still water type, circulating filtration type.

[0003] In a livestock culture that mainly breeds adult fish, a livestock can be installed in a sea area with good water quality, which is a relatively easy breeding method. However, it is extremely difficult to control the quality of breeding water in pond aquaculture that can be bred from fry. This is because various diseases are likely to occur depending on the fish species and the growth degree of the fry. The following Table 1 is a list of microorganisms that cause various diseases of marine fish (especially flounder).

[0004]

[Table 1]

[0005] In order to prevent the diseases shown in Table 1, many breeding waters for breeding seawater fish are sterilized and disinfected with various pathogenic organisms. Various disinfectants such as a disinfectant, ozone (O ₃ ), and chlorine have been tried, but chlorine is the most widely used. For the sterilization and disinfection of breeding water with chlorine, a method of adding a predetermined amount of sodium hypochlorite or electrolyzing seawater to generate chlorine is adopted.

[0006]

However, in the sterilization and disinfection using chlorine, if the concentration is insufficient, the sterilization of pathogenic organisms is insufficient and the effect of preventing the disease of marine fish is diminished. Conversely, if the concentration is too high, the bred marine fish itself will die or its growth will be significantly inhibited. Furthermore, since chlorine itself gradually dissipates into the air due to the effects of daylight and aeration, the bactericidal disinfecting effect is lost particularly in a breeding method that does not change water for more than one week, such as in static culture. There was a problem.

[0007] It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for preventing the disease of marine fish and controlling the quality of breeding water of marine fish by chlorine without causing death of the marine fish.

[0008]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a seawater fish breeding water quality control device according to the present invention, comprising a water intake pump.
Main water for introducing seawater into breeding aquarium and flowing through the main water
A flow meter that detects the flow rate of seawater and a branch from this main pipe
Branch pipe, and a positive electrode
A reaction vessel equipped with a negative electrode, and a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the reaction vessel
A DC power supply for applying a DC voltage and the DC voltage
The a return pipe seawater back into the main pipe, the flow meter
By controlling the applied voltage based on the measured value, the breeding water
Chlorine concentration of seawater introduced into the tank is 0.043ppm or more
Control means for controlling the concentration to less than 0.25 ppm
It is.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a seawater fish breeding water quality management device, wherein the control means of the first aspect comprises a breeding aquarium.
0.043ppm or more of chlorine concentration of seawater introduced into
Phase of seawater flow rate and applied voltage less than 0.25 ppm
Relationship is determined in advance, and applied based on this correlation.
It controls the voltage.

[0010] According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for managing the quality of breeding water of marine fish , wherein
Using the fish breeding water quality control device, introduce seawater into the breeding aquarium.
In addition, this is a method for controlling the quality of seawater fish breeding that performs chlorine sterilization.
Te, by applying a DC voltage to the seawater generate chlorine from sea water salinity
And the chlorine concentration in the seawater introduced into the breeding aquarium is reduced to 0.0
A method of controlling the concentration to not less than 43 ppm and less than 0.25 ppm.
You.

[0011] The method for managing the quality of seawater fish breeding water according to the invention described in claim 4 is introduced into the breeding aquarium of claim 3.
Chlorine concentration in seawater is 0.057ppm or more and 0.23pp
m.

The DC voltage in the present invention may be a pulsating current or a quasi-DC current, as well as a DC voltage whose strength does not change with time, since chlorine may be generated in seawater by an applied voltage.

[0013]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the present invention, the chlorine concentration in seawater at the time of introduction into this breeding aquarium is 0.043 pp.
m and less than 0.25 ppm. This is because if the chlorine concentration is less than 0.043 ppm, the removal rate of bacteria in seawater is less than 98%, and it is difficult to prevent the disease of the bred marine fish, and if the chlorine concentration exceeds 0.25 ppm, it is bred. This is because it has been clarified by the present invention that a seawater fish that died due to chlorine.

Further, in the present invention, a DC voltage is applied to seawater to generate chlorine from salt in seawater. Thereby, for example, by a water intake pump or the like, seawater can be sterilized and disinfected with chlorine in a process from the water intake to the breeding aquarium, and when introduced into the breeding aquarium, most of the pathogenic microorganisms in the seawater are killed. Existing breeding water can be introduced into the breeding aquarium. In addition, in order to generate chlorine in the process from the water intake to the breeding aquarium, even without special stirring means,
When introduced into the breeding aquarium, the chlorine is sufficiently homogeneously mixed and there is no survival of pathogenic microorganisms or death of the bred marine fish due to the non-uniform chlorine. Therefore, the method according to the present invention is particularly suitable for a flowing water type and a circulating filtration type in which seawater is drained while supplying water to a breeding aquarium.

The chlorine concentration is preferably 0.05
If the concentration is controlled to 7 ppm or more, the removal rate of general bacteria in seawater exceeds 99%, and it is possible to further prevent the disease of the bred marine fish. If the concentration is controlled to 0.23 ppm or less, mortality is reduced. Absent. More preferably 0.074p
If it is controlled to pm or more, the removal rate of the number of general bacteria in seawater exceeds 99.5%, and if it is 0.186 ppm or more, the removal rate becomes 100.00%. Further, when the concentration is controlled to 0.20 or less, the growth of the marine fish is not inhibited (the prey becomes worse), and the effect of chlorine on the marine fish is eliminated.

In the present invention, as a specific device for carrying out the above-described method, a main pipe for introducing seawater into a breeding aquarium by an intake pump, a flow meter for detecting the flow rate of seawater flowing through the main pipe, A branch pipe branched from the pipe, a reaction tank communicating with the branch pipe and having a positive electrode and a negative electrode therein, a DC power supply for applying a DC voltage to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the reaction tank, A return pipe for returning the seawater to which the voltage has been applied to the main pipe, and controlling the applied voltage based on the measurement value of the flow meter so that the chlorine concentration of the seawater introduced into the breeding aquarium is 0.043 ppm or more and 0% or less. .25pp
and control means for controlling the distance to less than m.

[0017]

【Example】

Example A (Saltwater Fish Breeding Water Quality Management Apparatus) FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an entire configuration of an embodiment of a seawater fish breeding water quality management apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a description showing a configuration of a main part of FIG. FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the breeding aquarium has a diameter of 8
A round breeding aquarium (1 m) with an upper part covered with a breathable vinyl sheet. On the other hand, the water intake of the water supply system
(2) is installed offshore clean, temporarily stored in a sand removal well (4) by a siphon water supply pipe (3), and bred through a main pipe (6) by a water supply pump (5). It is retracted into the aquarium (1).

As shown in FIG. 2, the main pipe (6) shown in FIG.
There is a branch pipe (7) that branches off from the main pipe (6), and a part of the seawater flowing through the main pipe (6) is drawn into the reaction tank (8). Also, a return pipe (9) is provided in the reaction tank (8),
The treated seawater inside the reaction tank (8) is returned to the main pipe (6) at a position downstream of the branch pipe (7) of the main pipe (6). A flow meter (10) for measuring the flow rate of seawater flowing inside the main pipe (6) is provided at an upstream position of the branch pipe (7).

Reaction tank equipped with a transparent plastic lid
In (8), a positive electrode (11) made of carbon and a negative electrode (12) made of titanium are arranged. Also, a liquid level switch (pump operating electrode) that issues an operation signal according to the liquid level inside the reaction tank
(13) is arranged, and the push pump (18) of the return pipe (9) is operated by the liquid level switch (13). Further, a drawing pipe (14) and a drawing valve (15) for drawing out the precipitates deposited in the reaction tank (8) are arranged below the reaction tank (8).

A DC power supply (17) is connected to the positive electrode (11) and the negative electrode (12) via a control device (16). The positive electrode (11) and the negative electrode (12) apply a DC voltage to the seawater drawn into the reaction vessel (8) from the branch pipe (6) to generate chlorine from salt in the seawater. The treated seawater in the reaction tank (8) in which chlorine has been generated is returned to the main pipe (6) by the return pipe (9) and the pushing pump (18).

At this time, the control device (16) controls the applied voltage of the DC power supply (17) according to the flow rate of the seawater in accordance with the measurement of the flowmeter (10), and returns the chlorine-containing seawater through the return pipe (9). Is the main piping
(6) When mixed uniformly inside, keep the chlorine concentration at a constant value even if the flow rate of seawater in the main pipe fluctuates. The supply of the DC power to the positive electrode (11) and the negative electrode (12) in the present embodiment is performed by transforming the AC power into a voltage determined to have a predetermined chlorine concentration as shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. By using a DC power supply rectified by a p-gate reverse blocking three-terminal thyristor (SCR) using the signal of the flow meter (10) as a gate applied voltage, the DC voltage according to the flow rate can be simplified. Can be applied.

The inlet seawater control valve (19) provided in the branch pipe (7) controls the amount of seawater to be drawn into the reaction tank (8). ) And the DC voltage applied to the positive electrode (11) and the negative electrode (12), the seawater containing chlorine is returned to the main pipe by the return pipe (9).
(6) When the water is mixed uniformly inside, the correlation between the flow rate of seawater containing seawater containing a certain chlorine concentration and the applied voltage is determined in advance, and the applied voltage should be controlled based on this correlation. I just need.

Example B (Relationship 1 between Chlorine Concentration and Death of Seawater Fish) [0023] In the seawater fish breeding water quality control device shown in Figs. Concentration 0.3 ppm). The chlorine concentration of seawater is the chlorine concentration of the seawater pool specified by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and is the concentration at which bacteria in seawater die. Flounder was stored in this seawater, and thereafter, the effect of chlorine on the flounder was confirmed by observing the respiration rate (times / minute) with the number of times the gills were opened and closed over time in a state of no water exchange and no ventilation.

The water tank used had an actual volume of 2.1 m ³ (length 1.
(5 m, width 2 m, depth 1 m, water depth 70 cm), and a water-permeable vinyl covering was placed on the upper part of the water tank. The test fish used were two flounders (length: 23/25 cm, 151/173 g). The water temperature was 14 ° C. both at the start and after 24 hours, and the chlorine concentration of the seawater hardly changed at the start and after 24 hours (chlorine concentration 0.3 ppm). The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0025]

[Table 2]

As shown in Table 2, after being stored in chlorinated seawater, the respiratory rate gradually increased with time. Other actions were quietly subsided, with no noticeable changes. She was still alive 180 minutes later, but her gills were fine and cramped. This was confirmed after 240 minutes. However, after 300 minutes, both tails had died.

Example C (Relationship 2 between Chlorine Concentration and Death of Seawater Fish) At a chlorine concentration of 0.3 ppm, it was confirmed that not only bacteria in seawater but also bred seawater fish themselves died. By changing the chlorine concentration, the time to death was determined for flounder in the same manner. Table 3 shows the results.

[0028]

[Table 3]

As shown in Table 3, the chlorine concentration of the breeding water was 0.1%.
It was confirmed that the amount needed to be less than 25 ppm. However, at 0.23 ppm, the flounder did not eat well and could inhibit the growth of flounder. Then, when the behavior of flounder was observed by further lowering the chlorine concentration,
As it approached 0.20 ppm, it became a reasonable bait, and below 0.20 ppm, no effect of chlorine was observed.

Example D (Relationship Between Chlorine Concentration and Number of Residual General Bacteria) In the seawater fish breeding water quality control device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, seawater was subjected to chlorine sterilization by changing the applied DC voltage. I got At that time, the general bacteria count of the raw seawater before application,
The chlorine concentration and the number of general bacteria of seawater introduced into the breeding aquarium after the application were examined, and the chlorine concentration and the removal rate of general bacteria were determined. The results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0031]

[Table 4]

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of Table 4. The vertical axis indicates the removal rate (%), and the horizontal axis indicates the chlorine concentration (ppm). As shown in FIG. 4, the chlorine concentration exceeding the removal rate of 98% is 0.0%.
429 ≒ 0.043 ppm, indicating that the chlorine concentration exceeding 99% of the removal rate is 0.057 ppm. Further, the chlorine concentration exceeding the removal rate of 99.5% is 0.0%.
It is shown to be 74 ppm. In addition, removal rate 10
The 0.00% chlorine concentration was 0.186 ppm.

[0033]

As described above, the present invention has an effect that a method and an apparatus for controlling the quality of seawater fish breeding water by chlorine which does not cause death of the seawater fish and prevent the disease of the seawater fish can be obtained. is there.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the overall configuration of an embodiment of a marine fish breeding water quality management device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a main part of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a specific single-wire circuit diagram of the DC power supply and control device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the chlorine concentration in seawater and the removal rate of general bacteria.

[Explanation of symbols]

 (1) ... breeding aquarium, (2) ... water intake, (3) ... siphon type water supply pipe, (4) ... sand removal well, (5) ... water pump, (6) ... main pipe, (7) ... Branch piping, (8)… Reaction tank, (9)… Return piping, (10)… Flow meter, (11)… Positive electrode, (12)… Negative electrode, (13)… Liquid level switch (pump operating electrode), ( 14) Pull-out piping, (15) Pull-out valve, (16) Controller, (17) DC power supply, (18) Push-in pump, (19) ... Pull-in seawater control valve

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] (1) Seawater is introduced into a breeding aquarium by an intake pump.
Main pipe, a flow meter that detects the flow rate of seawater flowing through the main pipe, a branch pipe branched from the main pipe , and a counter pipe that communicates with the branch pipe and has a positive electrode and a negative electrode inside.
And応槽, direct current for applying a DC voltage to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the reactor
Returning back a source, the sea water this DC voltage is applied to the main pipe
Pipe, and controls the applied voltage based on the measurement value of the flow meter.
The chlorine concentration of the seawater introduced into the breeding aquarium to 0.0
Control means for controlling at least 43 ppm and less than 0.25 ppm
A seawater fish breeding water quality management device comprising: 2. The control means is introduced into a breeding aquarium.
Chlorine concentration of seawater is 0.043ppm or more and 0.25ppm
The correlation between the flow rate of seawater and the applied voltage to be less than
In advance, the applied voltage is controlled based on this correlation.
The seawater fish breeding water quality management according to claim 2, characterized in that:
apparatus. 3. The breeding of saltwater fish according to claim 1 or 2.
While introducing seawater into the breeding aquarium using the water quality management device,
This is a seawater fish breeding water quality control method that performs chlorine sterilization, in which a direct current voltage is applied to seawater to generate chlorine from seawater salinity.
To reduce the chlorine concentration in the seawater introduced into the breeding aquarium to 0.04.
Controlled at 3ppm or more and less than 0.25ppm
Seawater fish breeding water quality management method. 4. The chlorine in seawater introduced into the breeding aquarium.
Control the concentration between 0.057ppm and 0.23ppm
The seawater fish breeding water quality according to claim 3, characterized in that:
Management method.