JP3190126B2 - Aquaculture equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technique for cultivating highly active aquatic organisms.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is known to raise aquatic organisms in a mechanically and electrically controlled environment, and to apply ozone to the environment for raising aquatic organisms. However, due to the diversity of environmental requirements of aquatic organisms, breeding techniques that are reproducible with respect to specific aquatic organisms have not been completed using only these known techniques.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to promote the growth of aquatic organisms and to harvest excellent quality aquatic organisms by adjusting the growth environment of the aquatic organisms.

[0004]

Configuration of the Invention

[0005]

According to the present invention, the redox potential of an aquatic organism, that is, an aqueous medium serving as a living medium of aquatic animals and plants is characteristically at least -2.
Ozone treatment is performed so as to be maintained at 00 mV to -600 mV. Furthermore, the range in which the oxidation-reduction potential should be maintained differs depending on the distinction between seawater and freshwater. More specifically, when the oxidation-reduction potential is measured in a breeding tank for breeding aquatic organisms, when the seawater, that is, the aqueous medium contains 2.5% or more salt, the oxidation-reduction potential becomes -200mV ~
The redox potential is maintained in the range of -200 mV to -600 mV when the fresh water, i.e., the aqueous medium, contains less than 500 ppm of sodium chloride.

However, this ozone treatment also requires consideration of other conditions in order for the effect to be maximized, and the treatment of an aqueous medium is known but effective with other means. The present invention is constituted by the combination.

FIGS. 1 and 2 are conceptual diagrams showing an embodiment of the present invention. Among them, essential components of the present invention are a breeding tank for breeding aquatic animals and plants, and a supply to a breeding tank. Aqueous medium used as a place for living aquatic animals and plants, an aqueous medium circulating facility for extracting the aqueous medium from the breeding tank and supplying it to the breeding tank again, an ozone supply means for supplying ozone to the aqueous medium, an oxidation-reduction potential of the aqueous medium , A transmission means for transmitting an output signal thereof to a control system, and a control means for controlling the supply amount of ozone by the output signal.

It is effective to carry out the present invention that the following essential elements are added in addition to the above essential elements.

[0009] A feed supply facility is attached to the rearing tank. There may be equipment for automatically controlling the amount of feed to be supplied, as well as input / output devices therefor.

Most of the aqueous medium supplied to the breeding tank is seawater or other fresh water, and city water, spring water, river water, etc. are used, and water treatment facilities are known depending on the nature of the raw water. It can be combined by technology.

In the equipment for circulating the aqueous medium, it is natural for the purpose of the present invention to incorporate the flow path and the transfer power means as elements, and to incorporate filtering means and temperature adjusting means where necessary. . The ozone supply means is a means for mixing gas and liquid for mixing the gas containing ozone and the aqueous medium, and may be provided directly in the breeding tank or in the aqueous medium circulation equipment. The combination of the gas-liquid mixing means and the filtration means contributes to the efficiency of the entire apparatus.

Providing a water supply means upstream of the aqueous medium circulation equipment for the gas-liquid mixing means also increases the utility of the equipment.

In the circulating equipment for the aqueous medium and the water supply means, the flow path is a gutter or a pipe, and if the gutter is provided, a lid may be attached. An ordinary pump can be used as the transfer means. Filtering means such as strainer, sedimentation and membrane type are all effective, but the target functions differ depending on the part of the circulating system or water supply means, so there is no choice of the type corresponding to this. There is. Further, as described above, the combination of the ozone supply with the filtration means is also suitable for the purpose of the present invention, and thus one of the embodiments of the present invention is so, that is, some of the filtration means have the connection with the ozone supply means. Have what is configured.

Since the physicochemical composition of the aqueous medium varies depending on the target aquatic organism, the circulatory system or the water supply means of the aqueous medium further includes nutrient elements in addition to the above in accordance with the requirements of the aquatic organism. It is desirable to attach a supply means-for example, the addition of salt.

Next, the ozone treatment of an aqueous medium which plays a characteristic role in the aquaculture apparatus of the present invention will be described. The effects of ozone treatment on aquaculture technology are summarized as follows. 1. Sterilization and disinfection of water (seawater, freshwater) with ozone. 2. Decomposition and removal of substances harmful to aquatic organisms such as organic compounds and organometallic ions. 3. Oxidation, reduction, bleaching, deodorization, etc. of ozone decompose organic matter such as fish and shellfish excreta and food residue, thereby preventing water decay, bad smell, and generation of algae. 4. Enhancement of the decomposing action of ammonia in water by bacteria. In seawater, ammonia is oxidized and converted to nitrate. 5. Even a very small amount of nitrite and nitrate has a lethal effect on fish and shellfish, but they are rapidly decomposed and reduced by ozone. pH 7 especially in seawater. 6. Oxidation increases the oxidation-reduction potential. 7. Promoting biological (bio) filtration by using ozone. 8. Suppression of algae and slime in piping of systems. 9. The survival rate of fish and shellfish is high, the survival time can be prolonged, and the breeding density can be increased. The amount of dissolved oxygen (Do) in water due to ozone
Value increase, pH (7) value stabilization. 10. The growth promotion effect is seen, fish and shellfish are activated and feeding,
Excretion becomes active. In shellfish in particular, snouting and detoxification are effective, with a Do value of +60 ppm.

As a general knowledge of ozone, ozone (O ₃ ) is usually generated when electric discharge in the air or ultraviolet rays act on oxygen, and is an allotrope of oxygen present in a small amount in the atmosphere.

Ozone is a colorless, special odor gas with a strong oxidizing power, and has a strong effect on bleaching, sterilization and deodorization.

As an industrial reagent, the primary characteristics of ozone will be that it is an oxidizing agent and that it is a gas. In particular, the oxidizing power is so powerful that it surpasses fluorine and chlorine.
Sometimes it's just too strong, but the selective cleavage reaction for double bonds is very specific. Although being a gas is advantageous for gas engineering, it has both long and short sides such as difficulty in liquid contact. It may also be noted that the raw material is only air and electric power and does not remain other than oxygen after decomposition.

There are a photochemical method (ultraviolet ozone generating tube) and a silent discharge method for industrially extracting ozone.

The photochemical method is used when the required injection amount or concentration is low. In the silent discharge method, electrodes are conventionally provided inside and outside a glass tube as an insulator, and a high-voltage alternating current is applied to generate ozone.

Here, an overview of the industrial use of ozone currently in practical use is as follows. Purification of water supply 2. Industrial wastewater treatment 3. 3. Perfume synthesis Such as deodorization.

It is known that the action of ozone in water treatment involves the promotion of precipitation of metal ions such as iron ions and manganese ions, and the decomposition of harmful organic compounds such as cyanide and phenol. Almost no ozone seems to work, but amines such as methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl amine, which have small and strong unpleasant odors other than hydrogen sulfide, can be easily destroyed by ozone and change the odor. It is said that it can be done.

Here, the relationship between ozone and aquaculture which have an important effect in the aquaculture apparatus of the present invention will be described.

1. Effects of ozone on the nitrogen cycle Ozone has a significant effect on the nitrogen cycle. Ozone oxidizes at pH values above 7, especially in seawater at a pH value of about 8.2 to oxidize harmful ammonia and convert it to nitrate.

However, harmful ammonia is not oxidized by ozone, especially in fresh water having a pH value of 7 or less. Thus, this oxidation step is indicative of bacterial oxidation. Particularly harmful nitrite stages are always oxidized to nitrate by ozone, in which case the reaction is independent of the pH value and shows a similar course in seawater as in freshwater. This means that even a very small amount of nitrite is a harmful substance (fish venom) that has a lethal effect on fish and shellfish, and these actions are extremely important.

As is clear from the graphs shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the greater the action force of ozone, the more quickly nitrite and ammonia are decomposed and reduced.

However, in the case of nitrite oxidation with ozone in particular, it is also taken into account that ozone can only be a mere auxiliary in the preparation of the water for the aquarium.

If a sharp nitrite peak occurs,
Not only is the ozone device not completely functioning, but there are other problems that need to be investigated. Perhaps the unknowing dead animal is not a problem, is there an uncontrollable decay process underway at the bottom of the aquarium, or there is not enough oxygen supplied, so the nitrifying Bacteria is colonized Isn't the problem of a filter that can't be formed right? Especially in the case of high-speed filters, the operation is perfectly satisfactory aerobic at first, but as the amount of dirt filtered by this filter increases, more and more oxygen is consumed inside the filter Will be.

The aerobic microorganisms slowly die, eventually causing a "turnover" of the filter. As a result,
Since this filter now produces nitrite without reducing nitrite, but rather on the contrary, very high nitrite peaks can occur in water. Therefore, it is desirable to periodically clean the filter or more effectively use a vented irrigation filter.

2. Effect of ozone on organic load The general load (pollution) of water by organic matter (sludge / filtration) is expressed in terms of biological oxygen demand (BOD-value) without going into detail on the individual compounds. be able to.

The lower the BOD value, the better the quality of the water. As shown in FIG. 8, the organic load, measured as a function of the BOD-value, can also be reduced by ozone, especially organic pollutants that make water turbid. . Pollutants act as stressors for fish and shellfish. Ozone has the ability to form clear water, such as quartz.

3. Effect of ozone on bacterial content One of the very important properties of ozone is its sterilizing action. Ozone, if used at very low concentrations, exerts a sterilizing effect on viruses, bacteria and other pathogens.

However, it goes without saying that in the case of an aquarium, the use of ozone is not limited to obtaining sterile water, but such conditions are unacceptable for fish and shellfish and other lower animals. Would not be.

The aquaculture apparatus of the present invention, which has been developed for facilities such as fish tanks, is designed to suppress the overproduction of pathogens without reaching complete sterility.
According to such a configuration, the fish can live in sanitary and biologically active water.

4. Use of ozone promotes biological filtration As shown in our hands-on experience, ozone use is a very effective complementation of biological filtration, and this was already the case in 1960. Hucksteadt
"It is necessary to further investigate the extent to which ozonation and biological bacterial functions can work together. Ozone simply causes harmful bacteria. There is a real fear that not only beneficial bacteria (eg, nitrifying bacteria) may be sterilized as well.

However, strangely, this is indeed rootless. Most of the bacteria in the water do not move freely and stay mostly near the bottom surface or adhere to the algae, or the rate of occurrence (growth) exceeds the rate of death. Rather, it is likely that both will hold at the same time.

However, assuming that nitrifying bacteria are present, it is more certain that bacteria will be killed more easily in the absence of ozone than in the presence of ozone. "

This phenomenon can be proved by the following two facts: first, the nitrifying bacteria are aerobic bacteria and therefore prefer ozone-treated water; Second, ozone cannot be decomposed by some organisms or has the ability to oxidize long-chain molecules, which are extremely difficult to decompose, to change short-chain compounds. This converts harmful substances into bacterial nutrients.

5. Oxidation-reduction potential The oxidation-reduction potential (redox potential) is a measurement that provides information about the oxidation and reduction properties of water. Reducing substances are substances that deplete oxygen, including all organic substances, protein compounds, feces, feed, blood and the like. These reducing substances are very quickly converted to ammonia and nitrite as harmful (toxic) compounds and tend to cause spoilage. Therefore, since these reducing substances lower the redox potential, the water quality is deteriorated.

Oxidants are, for example, oxygen or the more powerful ozone and are essential for the maintenance of life in all waters, as they have the ability to eliminate and reduce the negative effects of reducing substances. Since the electron transfer (emission and absorption) is always performed during the oxidation-reduction process, the Redox potential is measured in millivolts (-mV).

6. Oxidation-reduction potential and sterilization As already mentioned, ozone is a prominent sterilant, in which case its oxidation-reduction potential can be an indicator of sterilization capacity. At an oxidation-reduction potential of -200 mV, a bacterial load of 100% occurs, whereas when the oxidation-reduction potential goes from -200 mV to -300 mV or more, the bacterial incidence decreases by about 90% to 10% of the initial incidence. .

Further, when the oxidation-reduction potential value reaches -400 mV, the bacterial incidence decreases to only about 1% of the initial incidence.

Although complete sterilization is achieved when the oxidation-reduction potential is increased to a value of -700 mV, it is not necessary to obtain such a high Redox potential in the practice of the present invention.

As is apparent from the above considerations, in the field of aquarium treatment technology, the maximum redox potential value may be -400 mV, and a value exceeding this value is unnecessary. Particularly in the case of lower animals, a relatively low oxidation-reduction potential of about -300 mV may be more effective. The preferred range for maintaining the oxidation-reduction potential as a place for growing aquatic animals and plants is slightly wider in seawater than in freshwater.
It is preferable to set such as 200 mV to -600 mV. The fresh water mentioned here is a case where the salt concentration does not exceed 500 ppm.

7. Oxidation-reduction potential and algae Although sufficient research has not yet been conducted on this subject, it can be said that a high oxidation-reduction potential suppresses the generation of lower algae and promotes the growth of green algae. Even higher redox potentials promote the growth of higher algae, especially leaf algae, cysts, Halimeda species and the like.

8. How to do the correct metering of ozone? This question cannot be answered easily. This is because each water is adjusted to different conditions based on its own conditions.

The important roles played here are, for example, the density of fish farming, the type and amount of feed and the filtration system. As a rough guide for adjusting the size and performance of the ozone generator, approximately 10 mg per 100 liters of water in the aquarium
Ozone may be metered. This value is based on experience and is a value that has been proven to be effective over many years of experience.

In the field of modern aquatic animal breeding, it is necessary to know these matters accurately. In order to adjust prescribed water conditions suitable for the breeding underwater animals, it is particularly recommended that the present invention be applied to them. A redox potential measurement and adjustment device combined with the aquaculture device for marine products.

9. The ozone generating means can be easily connected. The ozone generating means has, for example, an air tube,
Ozone is connected to the water via an air tube, for example to an air ejector.

In the case of seawater, it is desirable to supply ozone through a residue remover, and in the case of freshwater, it is desirable to supply ozone through a small air-operated filter.

The ozone generating means is equipped with an adjustment controller, so that the output of ozone can be continuously adjusted as needed. The operation of the ozone generating means in the proper function can be indicated by lighting of the pilot lamp.

10. Combination of the ozone generating means and the redox potential measuring and adjusting device This unit has, for example, the following functions: (1). The oxidation-reduction potential as an actual value is measured via a measuring means provided in the water tank. (2). The measured actual potential value is compared with a target oxidation-reduction potential value arbitrarily set by the tank manager, for example, -350 mV. (3). If your measurements don't reach this target,
Automatically activate the ozone generation means, supply ozone,
When the target value (set value) is reached, it stops automatically.

11. Oxidation-reduction potential electrode The measurement electrode is composed of a single glass column, for example, a platinum sensor is provided below the glass column, and a ceramic diaphragm is built in a side portion thereof.

In accordance with the oxidation-reduction potential in water, electrons move from water through the diaphragm into the measurement system. This electrode is, in principle, left in the water and, when used for the first time, the measurement is continued for about 30 minutes until the actual measured value is displayed. The electrodes are positioned in the flow and set so that they do not occupy blind spots so that the electrodes detect the actual measurement.

12. Oxidation-reduction potential measuring device The signal of the measured value recorded in the electrode is transmitted to an electronic measuring device via a cable. This measuring device is designed for continuous measurement and therefore has a power supply (power supply).

The measuring means can be provided, for example, separately for each water tank and in the aqueous medium at another position, and can be provided with a target value adjustment for each of the plurality of measuring means, whereby a predetermined value can be set for the entire apparatus. A target oxidation-reduction potential value can be set.

When the actual value is lower than the target value,
The ozone generating means is automatically connected according to the measured value of the oxidation-reduction potential, and when the actual value exceeds the target value, the ozone generating means is also automatically shut off. The intermittent (switching) state at this electrode is indicated by a light emitting diode. If a measuring device is used in this way, it is possible to always supply a required amount of ozone to the aqueous medium and to avoid an overdose of ozone (excessive dosing).

13. Protein residue removal Briefly, the mode of action of protein residue removal is that the filter material in the conventional filter has been replaced by air bubbles. In terms of the combination with the ozone supply, the debris removal is configured as a counter-flow debris removal, with water flowing into the protein dreg remover from the top and flowing through the remover from top to bottom. On the other hand, the air is discharged downward by an outflow member or an injector (air suction nozzle), forms fine bubbles, and is mixed with water.

The amount of air supplied is set so that the bubble flow fills the entire cross section of the remover.

In constructing such a debris remover, a dimensional design was made such that a large volume could be obtained in order to achieve a stable and quiet flow in the remover.
This is a very important point in bringing the bubbles into contact with the protein compound and the sludge seeds.

The violent turbulence in the debris remover appears to be visually effective, but in practice, it dissociates the air bubbles from the sludge (filth) seeds, thus significantly reducing the debris removal effect. Lower. As the air bubbles pass through the reaction pipe of the scum remover, they reach the water surface where they combine with the sludge (dirt) and protein compounds that form and form viscous foam.

The protein molecules are then converted into sludge (filtration)
It forms a bridge that bridges the seed with the bubbles.

The reaction in this case follows the following course: 1) The surface-active insoluble material accumulates at the water / air interface and is retained as foam. 2) The non-surface-active insoluble organic compound binds to the dissolved surface-active substance and collects in the foam. 3) Since the dissolved sludge (filtration) component is partially oxidized and precipitated (precipitated) by ozone, it is captured by the bubble flow.

The foam containing sludge (filtration) thus formed is conveyed into the foam receiving container through the foam feed pipe by the upward air flow. In the middle of the foam feed pipe, the foam is dewatered, and the excess water is returned to the residue removing device, and at the same time, sludge is collected.

According to such an action, almost no water loss occurs. No bubbles are allowed to flow out at the end of the foam feed pipe and the foam is allowed to "grow out" slowly and dry out of the foam feed pipe.

14. The dregs removal system is remarkably superior to the conventional mechanical filter. 1) The dregs removal system converts protein compounds and other organic substances (sludge / soil) into harmful substances. Before they can be removed. 2) Separately provided foam receiving containers by the dregs removal system and the separated dirt and harmful substances do not come into contact with the water in the breeding tank and its circuit again. 3) The water that has passed through the dregs removal system is enriched with oxygen, which is essential for animal life, while removing dirt.

15. What tanks can use the scale removal system? In principle, a descaling system can be used in the case of water containing salts. At a salt content of 10 / 1,000, bubbles of only about 1 mm diameter are formed.

This is of great significance because the smaller the bubbles, the better the adhesion of the bubbles to the soiled sludge (filth) seeds.

Thus, the function of this debris removal system is to provide a high salt content seawater such as the Red Sea or Pacific Ocean (1,000
35th), but only 1 in 1,000
It is fully demonstrated in Baltic waters, which have a salt content of only 5.

In the case of fresh water, this residue removing system cannot be used. This is because in the case of fresh water, the diameter of the bubbles becomes too large, 4 to 5 mm.

However, as long as there is water containing salt,
This debris removal system can be most effective on a very wide range of animals. In other words, this dregs removal system is effective for lower animals and fish,
It can be widely applied to edible fish farming, domestic aquariums, open aquariums, etc.

It is not hard to imagine that the ozone introduced into the circulating aqueous medium through the gas-liquid mixing apparatus in the aquaculture apparatus of the present invention will have the above-mentioned effect. However, the good quality and large quantity of the harvest obtained using the aquaculture apparatus of the present invention are not the sum of each of these effects, but the vitality of aquatic organisms through the result of each effect on the aqueous medium. A number of data have been obtained which should be considered as a result of the increase in.

For example, a high feed efficiency is a result of the active assimilation of the organism, and a harvest with reduced contamination of harmful components is easily obtained because of the excretion and catabolism of the original waste. It is presumed to be the result of a considerable increase.

The components and functions of the components of the aquaculture apparatus for aquaculture according to the present invention will be described below.

The breeding tank is a container for growing aquatic organisms to be cultured in an aqueous medium. The material is metal ion such as iron,
Copper, etc. with a low elution are preferred from the viewpoint of the action of ozone, FRP, PVC, stainless steel, titanium, wood,
Any one used in a conventionally known fish farming container such as an enameled and lined one can be used, and is configured in a shape capable of sufficiently exhibiting mechanical strength.

The breeding tank is provided with an outlet for discharging the aqueous medium and an inlet for introducing the aqueous medium.

In addition, a drain port used for cleaning the breeding tank, an overflow device for maintaining the liquid level of the aqueous medium at a desired height, and a liquid level detection for supplying and stopping the aqueous medium. Means and means for extracting the signal,
Feeding means, which may be equipped with an automatic control device, as well as ventilation means for introducing air into the aqueous medium are provided.

It is effective to maintain an improved water quality by providing a separator such as a scale at the bottom of the breeding tank and providing a means capable of slowly discharging only the bottom aqueous medium out of the breeding tank. Which contributes to the object of the present invention.

One embodiment of the present invention is not only supplying air to the ventilation means attached to the breeding tank, but also introducing a part of ozone into the air supply means. This is effective for reducing the load on the tank. In addition, it is recommended that the ventilation means be provided with an ozone eraser in order to prevent an excessive amount of ozone from being released into the atmosphere to cause an unpleasant odor.

The breeding tank is further provided with a sensor for detecting and monitoring any physicochemical properties of the aqueous medium, such as salt concentration, calcium concentration, electric conductivity, turbidity, temperature, etc. It does not prevent the installation of the transmission means to the display device or the control device.

What is called an aqueous medium in the present invention is so-called aquaculture water. Of course, various sources such as fresh water, seawater, river water, spring water, and clean water can be used, but usually, it is necessary to appropriately perform pretreatment according to the properties of raw water.

However, these means are all known techniques and do not form an essential part of the present invention. Regardless of water source, raw water intake device, diversion device, water receiving device, filtration device,
A mixing device, and in some cases, an aeration device and the like, and a transfer device are provided, and an aqueous medium supply device composed of these is connected to a water supply device connected to the gas-liquid mixing device constituting a constituent element of the present invention in a lower stage. It is convenient to achieve the object of the present invention. However, it is not necessarily limited to this.

The circulation equipment according to the present invention is a set of equipment for extracting an aqueous medium from a breeding tank and supplying it to the breeding tank again as defined in the claims. Although constituting a circulation system formed by appropriately combining the flow path equipment, the filtration means and the temperature adjustment means, as one of the embodiments of the present invention, this circulation system includes a redox tank in series with the flow path of the aqueous medium. . Although the above-mentioned means other than the redox tank are usually arranged in series in the flow path, they are not necessarily all arranged in series, and any combination of series and parallel may be adopted as necessary.

Of course, two or more redox tanks may be provided in parallel, and this does not prevent the redox tanks from being provided in series.

The purpose of providing the circulation equipment is to restore or maintain the physicochemical properties of the aqueous medium as a medium for aquatic organisms or to a certain level.

The gas-liquid mixing means is connected to the redox tank.

The purpose of this means is to mix ozone supplied from an ozone supply source with an aqueous medium. Therefore, it is easy to configure both the gas-liquid mixing means and the redox tank in series with respect to the circulation system of the aqueous medium,
Depending on the performance of the gas-liquid mixing means, it may be advantageous to dispose it outside the circulation system from the viewpoint of the operating efficiency of the entire apparatus of the present invention.

The ozone supply means may be any as long as it can supply ozone to the gas-liquid mixing means in gaseous form, regardless of the particular type or manufacturer. If the required load is not sufficiently tolerated, the predetermined acid value reduction potential required by the aqueous medium is not maintained, the object of the present invention is not achieved, and conditions may compete to affect the survival of the aquatic organism itself. .

The water supply means supplies an aqueous medium for dissolving ozone. The aqueous medium itself or a part of the aqueous medium in the circulation system and the aqueous medium newly supplied to the circulation system. While maintaining a certain level, it is often convenient for the practice of the present invention to provide, for example, a heater or a heat exchanger as a temperature adjusting means in the circulation system of the aqueous medium. This means does not require any special limitation, and is well suited for the purpose by a known technique.

In the breeding tank, in particular, in the present invention, means for measuring an oxidation-reduction potential is provided, and an output signal thereof is input to control of the amount of ozone supplied to the aqueous medium via a transmission means. According to the knowledge to date, a device suitable for the purpose of the present invention has a redox potential of at least -200 mV from -600 mV.
Any device capable of detecting a range up to about mV and outputting a signal may be used.

The aquaculture apparatus of the present invention can exert the highest effect in the cultivation of high-grade seafood such as red sea bream, flatfish, abalone, and lobster. Therefore, for the purpose of culturing these aquatic organisms, The means for measuring the oxidation-reduction potential is at least -200 mV or more, preferably -20 mV or more.
0 mV to -600 mV, most preferably -3 mV.
It is necessary to detect a fluctuation and output a signal with an accuracy of ± 10 mV in the vicinity of 00 mV. This set value is also appropriately adjusted depending on the density of aquatic animals and plants with respect to the aqueous medium.

Embodiment 1 Scallop cultivation Scallops cultivated along the coast of Funka Bay, Hokkaido (2 years old, average shell length 88 ± 14mm, average weight 86 ± 10g)
Was collected in November 1991 and used as a test scallop.

In a water tank in which larvae were supplied to seawater by a pump (made of reinforced acrylic resin, 120 cm × 200 cm × 9
(0 cm) and cultured in a net basket pocket. Three water tanks are prepared, one of which is offshore Toura-cho, Hokkaido
Seawater taken from the sea at a depth of 20 m and a depth of 20 m is supplied without treatment (untreated seawater supply system). For the other two, the intake seawater is sand-filtered and glass-filtered using the apparatus shown in FIG. After that, an ozone generator (capacity: 1 m ³ /
At the time, it was supplied by passing through a cooler (UN-60 type, manufactured by Unisoid Corporation) (processed seawater supply system). Sand filtration average particle size 2
After washing the 4-mesh sea sand, it is layered to a height of 70 cm to form a filtration bed.
Performed with 0, 10 and 5 μm filters. In each of the tanks, the supply amount of seawater was 75 liters / hour. One of the tanks of the treated seawater supply system was fed with about 15 g of Euglena for 20 days as a non-toxic platon feed every evening. The acid value reduction potential of the circulating seawater during the test period was -3.
It was kept at -350 mV from 00 mV.

As a result, a total of 180 individuals survived, and the total weight increased by 3% from the start of the test.

Embodiment 2 FIG. Culture of Flounder A FRP water tank (5 mx 5 mx 1.5 m) was supplied with a filtration device and ozone in the same manner as in Example 1, and cultured for 20 days.

However, during the test period, the pH of the seawater was between 6.7 and 7.2, and the acid value reduction potential was between -350 mV and -42.
It was kept between 0 mV. As a result, the high individual density of 60 animals / m ² at the start of the test was maintained as it was until the end of the test.

For feeding, Euglena and commercially available fish feed were used.

Embodiment 3 FIG. Attenuation of scallop (1) Test scallop Scallop cultivated along the coast of Funka Bay, Hokkaido (2 years old, average shell length 88 ± 14 mm, average weight 86 ± 10 g)
Was collected in November 1991 and used as a test scallop.
In addition, all of these test shellfish must contain shellfish toxin exceeding the shipping regulation value (4 MU per edible portion for paralytic shellfish toxin, 0.025 MU per edible portion for diarrhea shellfish toxin). Was previously confirmed by the mouse lethal method.

(2) Aquaculture of test scallops The shells to be tested were suspended in an aquarium pocket in an aquarium (made of reinforced acrylic resin, 120 cm × 200 cm × 90 cm) supplied to the seawater by a pump and cultured. Prepare three tanks,
One of them is to supply untreated seawater 200 m off the coast of Toyoura-cho, 29 m deep off the coast of Funka Bay, Hokkaido (untreated seawater supply system). The other two are sand filtration and glass filtration of the intake seawater. After filtration, an ozone generator (capacity: 100 mg / hr, manufactured by UNISOID, UN-60)
) And supplied through a cooler (processed seawater supply system). Sand filtration is to wash sea sand with an average particle size of 24 mesh,
The filtration was carried out as a filtration bed by layering at a height of 70 cm, and the filtration with a glass filter was carried out using filters having pore sizes of 50, 10 and 5 μm. In each of the tanks, the supply amount of seawater was 75 liters / hour. One of the tanks in the treated seawater supply system contains diatom Ch
aetoceros spp. or Euglena gracilisi (Harima Chemical Co., Ltd., containing 71.3% of Paramylon) was administered at a concentration of 10 ⁴ cells / ml (feeding system), and the other aquarium was not administered with feed (non-feeding). Feeding system).

3. Extraction of Shellfish Toxin from Test Scallop Shellfish toxin was extracted from the midgut gland of the test shellfish by the method ²⁾ of Kikuchi et al. Modified from the method ^{1) of} YASUMOTO et al.

4. Determination of shellfish venom by high performance liquid chromatography The determination of extracted shellfish venom was performed by high performance liquid chromatography according to the method of OSHIMA ³⁾ and Kikuchi ²⁾ .
That is, 10 μl of the extracted shellfish poison sample was passed through a separation column (Develos).
il C8-5, Nomura Chemical Co., Ltd.), with 2 mM 1-sodium heptanesulfonate + 10 mM ammonium phosphate eluent for goniotoxin-type shellfish toxin, and 2 mM 1-inch for saxitoxin-type shellfish toxin.
Elution was carried out with an eluent consisting of sodium heptane sulfonate + 10 mM ammonium phosphate + 10% acetonitrile. The eluted fraction was reacted with an alkaline labeling solution (7 mM periodate + 50 mM ammonium phosphate, pH 9.0) to fluoresce, neutralized with 0.5 M acetic acid, and then 330 n
After excitation at a wavelength of m, the fluorescence absorption at 390 nm was measured, and the amount of shellfish poison was calculated from the detected peak area.

1) M. Murata, M. Shimatani, M. Sugitani,
Y.Osima & T.Yasumoto: Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fis
h., vol. 48, pp.549-552 (1982). 2) Shintaro Kikuchi, Naoya Azumi and others: Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Chemistry, vo
l. 65, pp.1753-1760 (1991). 3) Y.Oshima, M.Machida, K.Sasaki, Y.Tamaoki & TY
asumoto: Agricultural Biological Chemistry, vol. 4
8, pp. 1707-1711 (1984) Cultivation conditions of the test scallop As described in the "Experimental method", the filtration of seawater supplied to the aquarium was performed using a sand filtration bed having a particle size of 24 mesh and a pore size of 50,1
Performed using 0, and 5 μm glass filters.
Furthermore, for the purpose of sterilizing microorganisms (especially bacteria) that have not been removed by these filtration treatments, after filtration, seawater is subjected to ozone treatment to reduce the oxidation-reduction potential from -350 mV to -420 m.
Kept at V.

Diatoms averaged 10 ⁴ cells / ml in feed
(Chaetoccros gracilis) or Euglena gracilis
0 liters were administered every evening. One aquarium (capacity:
2160 liters), 180 scallops were cultivated, so that 10 ⁵
It is calculated that the cell diatom or E. gracilis was administered as feed.

6. Variation in the amount of shellfish poison due to aquaculture Table 1 shows the variation in the amount of paralytic shellfish toxin under the above culture conditions.

[0105]

[Table 1] As shown in the table, the toxicity values of both the feeding system (treated seawater supply system) and the non-feeding system (treated seawater feeding system) began to decrease significantly with the start of aquaculture, and in particular, E. graci
In the lis-administered system, it decreased to almost 50% of the initial toxicity value only a few days after the start of the culture.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall conceptual diagram of an aquatic breeding facility of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an overall conceptual diagram of an aquatic breeding facility of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a breeding tank used for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a redox tank used for implementing the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an artificial seawater supply system that can be incorporated and used in the practice of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing decomposition of ammonia by ozone.

FIG. 7 shows the decomposition of nitrite by ozone.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing a decrease in biological oxygen requirement due to ozone.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-5-64533 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01K 63/04 A01K 61/00

Claims (9)

(57) [Claims] An aquaculture apparatus for aquatic organisms, comprising: a breeding tank for breeding aquatic organisms; an aqueous medium supplied to the breeding tank to contain the aquatic organisms; and an aqueous medium derived from the breeding tank and supplied to the breeding tank again. Medium circulation equipment, ozone supply means for supplying ozone to the aqueous medium, measurement means for measuring the oxidation-reduction potential of the aqueous medium, control means for controlling the amount of ozone supplied to the aqueous medium, the output of the measurement means A transmission means for guiding to the control means, wherein the aqueous medium containing the cultivated aquatic organisms in the breeding tank is controlled by the control means to control the amount of dissolved ozone; Containing 0.5% or more of sodium chloride, and the signal detected by the measuring means is -200 mV to -4 in redox potential.
An aqueous medium controlled to a range of 00 mV, or a salt containing 500 ppm or less, and the signal detected by the measuring means is -200 mV to-
At least one of the measuring means for measuring the oxidation-reduction potential of the aqueous medium is an aqueous medium containing an aquatic organism to be bred in the breeding tank. An aquaculture device for aquatic products, which is provided at a position where an oxidation-reduction potential can be measured. 2. The aquaculture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ozone supply means is provided in the aqueous medium circulation equipment. 3. The aquaculture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ozone supply means is in the form of a gas-liquid mixing tank for mixing an ozone-containing gas and an aqueous medium. 4. The aquaculture apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the control output of the control means is transmitted to the ozone supply means of the gas-liquid mixing tank. 5. The aquatic organism is an aquatic animal bred in an aqueous medium containing 2.5% or more of salt, and in an aqueous medium containing 2.5% or more of salt, a signal detected by the measuring means is oxidized. -200 mV at reduction potential
The aquaculture device for aquatic products according to claim 1, wherein the aquaculture device is controlled in a range of -400 mV. 6. The aquatic organism is an aquatic animal bred in an aqueous medium containing 500 ppm or less of salt, and in an aqueous medium containing 500 ppm or less of salt, a signal detected by the measuring means is -200 m in redox potential.
The aquaculture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the aquaculture apparatus is controlled in a range of V to -600 mV. 7. It contains 2.5% or more of sodium chloride and is brought into contact with ozone, and its oxidation-reduction potential is -200 mV to -4
A method of breeding marine aquatic animals and plants by feeding known breeding components in an aqueous medium maintained in the range of 00 mV. 8. A composition containing 2.5% or more of sodium chloride and brought into contact with ozone, and having an oxidation-reduction potential of -200 mV to -4
A method in which a poisoned scallop is bred in an aqueous medium maintained at a range of 00 mV for at least 3 days to remove shellfish poison. 9. A salt content of not more than 500 ppm and contact with ozone to reduce its oxidation-reduction potential to -20.
In an aqueous medium maintained in the range of 0 mV to -600 mV,
A method of breeding freshwater aquatic animals and plants.