JP2831061B2 - Gas diffusion electrode and solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell body using the same - Google Patents
Gas diffusion electrode and solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell body using the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JP2831061B2 JP2831061B2 JP1306556A JP30655689A JP2831061B2 JP 2831061 B2 JP2831061 B2 JP 2831061B2 JP 1306556 A JP1306556 A JP 1306556A JP 30655689 A JP30655689 A JP 30655689A JP 2831061 B2 JP2831061 B2 JP 2831061B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gas diffusion
- polymer electrolyte
- diffusion electrode
- solid polymer
- fuel cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 ＜産業上の利用分野＞ 本発明は、燃料電池あるいは水電解プロセッサに用い
て有用なガス拡散電極及びそれを用いた固体高分子電解
質燃料電池本体に関する。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a gas diffusion electrode useful for a fuel cell or a water electrolysis processor, and a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell body using the same.
＜従来の技術＞ 従来より、アルカリ電解液燃料電池、固体高分子電解
質燃料電池などのガス燃料電池は、水素やメタノールな
どの燃料ガスと酸素とを用いて高効率で電気エネルギを
得るものとして周知である。これらガス燃料電池は、ア
ルカリ電解液を吸蔵する電解質膜あるいは固体電解質膜
の両面に接合されるガス拡散電極を有しており、これら
のガス拡散電極と電解質との接触面で主に電池反応を生
じさせて電気エネルギを取り出すものである。一方、同
様の構成として、両電極に通電することにより水電解を
行う水電解プロセスも知れられている。<Prior Art> Conventionally, gas fuel cells such as an alkaline electrolyte fuel cell and a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell are well known as ones that obtain electric energy with high efficiency by using a fuel gas such as hydrogen or methanol and oxygen. It is. These gas fuel cells have gas diffusion electrodes bonded to both sides of an electrolyte membrane or a solid electrolyte membrane that stores an alkaline electrolyte, and the cell reaction mainly occurs at the contact surface between these gas diffusion electrodes and the electrolyte. This is to generate electric energy. On the other hand, as a similar configuration, a water electrolysis process for performing water electrolysis by energizing both electrodes is also known.
ここで、一例として固体高分子電解質燃料電池本体の
基本構造を第４図を参照しながら説明する。同図に示す
ように、電池本体01は固体高分子電解質膜02の両側にガ
ス拡散電極03A,03Bが接合されることにより構成されて
いる。ガス拡散電極03A,03Bはそれぞれ反応膜04A,04B及
びガス拡散膜05A,05Bが接合されたものであり、電解質
膜02とは反応膜04A,04Bの表面が接触している。したが
って、電池反応は主に電解質膜02と反応膜04A,04Bとの
間の接触面で起こる。Here, the basic structure of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell body will be described as an example with reference to FIG. As shown in the figure, the battery main body 01 is configured by joining gas diffusion electrodes 03A and 03B to both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 02. The gas diffusion electrodes 03A and 03B are formed by bonding reaction films 04A and 04B and gas diffusion films 05A and 05B, respectively, and the surfaces of the reaction films 04A and 04B are in contact with the electrolyte membrane 02. Therefore, the battery reaction mainly occurs at the contact surface between the electrolyte membrane 02 and the reaction membranes 04A and 04B.
例えばガス拡散電極03Aを陽極、ガス拡散電極03Bを陰極
とし、各々のガス拡散膜05A,05Bを介して酸素，水素を
反応膜04A,04B側へ供給すると、各反応膜04A,04Bと電解
質膜02との界面で次のような反応が起こる。For example, when the gas diffusion electrode 03A is used as an anode and the gas diffusion electrode 03B is used as a cathode and oxygen and hydrogen are supplied to the reaction films 04A and 04B through the respective gas diffusion films 05A and 05B, each of the reaction films 04A and 04B and the electrolyte film The following reaction occurs at the interface with 02.
反応膜04Aの界面： O2＋4H+＋4e-→2H2O 反応膜04Bの界面： 2H2→4H+＋4e- ここで、4H+は電解質膜02を通って陰極から陽極へ流
れるが、4e-は負荷06を通って陰極から陽極へ流れるこ
とになり、電気エネルギーが得られる。Interface of the reaction film 04A: O 2 + 4H + + 4e − → 2H 2 O Interface of the reaction film 04B: 2H 2 → 4H + + 4e - where 4H + flows from the cathode to the anode through the electrolyte membrane 02, but 4e − Flows from the cathode to the anode through the load 06, and electric energy is obtained.
＜発明が解決しようとする課題＞ 上述した構成の燃料電池本体01では、電池反応は主
に、電解質膜02と各反応膜04A,04Bとの接触面で起こる
ので、電池性能を向上させるには電極自体を大きくしな
ければならないという問題がある。<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> In the fuel cell main body 01 having the above-described configuration, the cell reaction mainly occurs at the contact surface between the electrolyte membrane 02 and each of the reaction membranes 04A and 04B. There is a problem that the electrode itself must be enlarged.
本発明はこのような事情に鑑み、電極自体の大きさを
変更することなく触媒利用率を向上させたガス拡散電極
及びそれを用いた固体高分子電解質燃料電池本体を提供
することを目的とする。In view of such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a gas diffusion electrode having improved catalyst utilization without changing the size of the electrode itself, and a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell body using the same. .
＜課題を解決するための手段＞ 上記目的を達成する本発明に係るガス拡散電極は、電
解質と接触する反応膜と、この反応膜と接合されるガス
拡散膜とからなるガス拡散電極であって、上記反応膜側
表面に機械的に付与された凹凸を有することを特徴とす
る。また、それを用いた固体高分子電解質燃料電池本体
は、固体高分子電解質膜の両側に該固体高分子電解質と
接触する反応膜とガス拡散膜からなるガス拡散電極を接
合してなる燃料電池本体であって、上記電解質膜と上記
ガス拡散電極の反応膜との接触面の少なくとも一方に機
械的に付与された凹凸を有することを特徴とする。<Means for Solving the Problems> A gas diffusion electrode according to the present invention for achieving the above object is a gas diffusion electrode comprising a reaction film in contact with an electrolyte and a gas diffusion film bonded to the reaction film. The surface of the reaction film has irregularities mechanically provided on the surface thereof. Further, a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell body using the same is formed by joining a gas diffusion electrode comprising a reaction film and a gas diffusion film in contact with the solid polymer electrolyte on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. Wherein at least one of the contact surfaces between the electrolyte membrane and the reaction film of the gas diffusion electrode has irregularities mechanically provided.
上記構成のガス拡散電極は、反応膜側表面が凹凸を有
しているので電解質との接触面積が増大し、電極の単位
面積当りの触媒の利用率が大幅に向上する。In the gas diffusion electrode having the above structure, since the surface on the reaction film side has irregularities, the contact area with the electrolyte increases, and the utilization rate of the catalyst per unit area of the electrode is greatly improved.
なお、本発明において反応膜の材質は特に限定されな
いが、一般に、疎水性カーボン及びフッ素樹脂などの疎
水性樹脂からなり、これに触媒を担持させた親水性カー
ボン微粒子若しくは触媒微粒子を分散させたものであ
り、電解液や水を透過させる性質を有している。ここ
で、触媒としては、白金属金属及び／又はその酸化物の
他、Pt,Pd及び／又はIr等にRu,Sn等を加えて合金化した
もの等を挙げることができる。また、ガス拡散膜も、通
気性はあるが通水性は有さないものであればその材質は
特に限定されないが、一般に疎水性カーボン及びフッ素
樹脂などの疎水性樹脂からなる。In the present invention, the material of the reaction film is not particularly limited, but is generally formed of a hydrophobic resin such as hydrophobic carbon and a fluororesin, and is dispersed with hydrophilic carbon fine particles or catalyst fine particles carrying a catalyst. And has the property of permeating the electrolytic solution and water. Here, examples of the catalyst include, in addition to white metal and / or its oxide, alloys of Pt, Pd, and / or Ir, etc. added with Ru, Sn, and the like. The material of the gas diffusion membrane is not particularly limited as long as it has air permeability but does not have water permeability. Generally, the gas diffusion membrane is made of hydrophobic resin such as hydrophobic carbon and fluorine resin.
＜実施例＞ 以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて説明する。<Example> Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples.
第１図には一実施例に係るガス拡散電極の断面形状を
示す。同図に示すように、このガス拡散電極１はガス拡
散膜２と反応膜３とが接合されたものであり、反応膜３
のガス拡散膜２との接合面とは反対側の面は凹凸面４と
なっている。なお、反応膜３とガス拡散膜２との接合面
は図示のように平面状であってもよいし、その反対側と
同時に凹凸を有していてもよい。FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional shape of a gas diffusion electrode according to one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the gas diffusion electrode 1 is obtained by joining a gas diffusion film 2 and a reaction film 3 to each other.
The surface opposite to the bonding surface with the gas diffusion film 2 is an uneven surface 4. The bonding surface between the reaction film 3 and the gas diffusion film 2 may be flat as shown in the drawing, or may have irregularities simultaneously with the opposite side.
本実施例に係るガス拡散電極１は例えば第２図に示す
ようなプレス治具によって作製される。同図に示すよう
に、このプレス治具は雌型５とこの雌型５に嵌合する雄
型６とからなり、雌型５の凹部底面に凹凸面７が形成さ
れている。この凹凸面７上に親水性カーボンブラック
（50％），疎水性カーボン（20％）及びポリテトラフル
オロエチレン（30％）よりなり50Åの白金粉末を含有す
る反応膜３′と、疎水性カーボンブラック（70％）及び
ポリテトラフルオロエチレン（30％）からなるガス拡散
膜２′とを合せて載置し、雄型６を降下させることによ
り、凹凸面４を有するガス拡散電極１が作製される。こ
のプレスの程度によって、ガス拡散膜２と反応膜３との
接合面も凹凸面となる。The gas diffusion electrode 1 according to the present embodiment is manufactured by, for example, a press jig as shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the press jig includes a female mold 5 and a male mold 6 fitted to the female mold 5, and an uneven surface 7 is formed on the bottom surface of the concave portion of the female mold 5. A reaction film 3 'containing 50% platinum powder comprising hydrophilic carbon black (50%), hydrophobic carbon (20%) and polytetrafluoroethylene (30%) on the uneven surface 7, and a hydrophobic carbon black. (70%) and a gas diffusion film 2 'made of polytetrafluoroethylene (30%) are placed together, and the male mold 6 is lowered to produce the gas diffusion electrode 1 having the uneven surface 4. . Depending on the degree of pressing, the bonding surface between the gas diffusion film 2 and the reaction film 3 also becomes uneven.
かかるガス拡散電極１は電解質と接触する反応膜３の
表面が凹凸面４となり、電極の単位面積当りの電解質と
の接触面積が大きくなるので、反応膜３中に触媒の利用
率が大幅に向上する。In such a gas diffusion electrode 1, the surface of the reaction film 3 in contact with the electrolyte becomes an uneven surface 4, and the contact area with the electrolyte per unit area of the electrode becomes large, so that the utilization rate of the catalyst in the reaction film 3 is greatly improved. I do.
第３図には、上記実施例の反応膜３の両側に凹凸を有
するガス拡散電極を用いた固体高分子電解質燃料電池本
体の基本構造を示す。同図に示すように、同じ構成の２
枚のガス拡散電極1A,1Bを固体高分子電解質膜８の両側
に接合して燃料電池本体を構成している。ここで、固体
高分子電解質膜８としては厚さ0.17mmのデュポン社製の
ナフィオン（商品名）を用いた。FIG. 3 shows a basic structure of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell body using gas diffusion electrodes having irregularities on both sides of the reaction film 3 of the above embodiment. As shown in FIG.
The gas diffusion electrodes 1A and 1B are joined to both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8 to constitute a fuel cell body. Here, as the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8, Nafion (trade name) manufactured by DuPont having a thickness of 0.17 mm was used.
かかる燃料電池本体は、ガス拡散電極1A,1Bの上述し
たような凹凸面４で固体高分子電解質膜８を挾み、ホッ
トプレスすることにより作製される。このホットプレス
により、固体高分子電解質膜８はガス拡散電極1A,1Bの
凹凸面４の凹部に入り込み、凹凸面４全体と完全に接触
することになる。この結果、ガス拡散電極1A,1Bと固体
高分子電解質膜８との接触面積は大幅に向上する。Such a fuel cell body is manufactured by sandwiching the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8 between the uneven surfaces 4 of the gas diffusion electrodes 1A and 1B as described above and hot pressing. By this hot pressing, the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8 enters the concave portions of the uneven surface 4 of the gas diffusion electrodes 1A and 1B, and comes into complete contact with the entire uneven surface 4. As a result, the contact area between the gas diffusion electrodes 1A and 1B and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 8 is greatly improved.
ここで、ガス拡散電極1A側へO2を0.5〜1kg/cm2圧で、
ガス拡散電極1B側へH2を0.5〜1kg/cm2圧で、それぞれ供
給して発電試験を行ったたところ、ガス拡散電極1Aが陽
極、ガス拡散電極1Bが陰極となり、第４図に示す結果が
得られた。Here, O 2 is supplied to the gas diffusion electrode 1A side at a pressure of 0.5 to 1 kg / cm 2 ,
When H 2 was supplied to the gas diffusion electrode 1B side at a pressure of 0.5 to 1 kg / cm 2 to perform a power generation test, the gas diffusion electrode 1A became an anode, and the gas diffusion electrode 1B became a cathode, as shown in FIG. The result was obtained.
なお、比較のための同寸法で凹凸面を有さない電極を
用いた場合（第５図参照）について同様に試験したとこ
ろ、第４図に示すように、実施例の方が大出力であっ
た。For comparison, a similar test was conducted using an electrode having the same dimensions and no uneven surface (see FIG. 5). As shown in FIG. 4, the example had a higher output. Was.
＜発明の効果＞ 以上説明したように、本発明に係るガス拡散電極は、
反応膜側に凹凸面を有するので、同寸法の電極と比較し
て電解質との接触面積が大きくなるので、触媒の利用率
が向上する。したがって、本発明のガス拡散電極を固体
高分子電解質などを用いる燃料電池又は水電解システム
に用いると、大型化することなく高性能化を図ることが
できる。<Effects of the Invention> As described above, the gas diffusion electrode according to the present invention includes:
Since the reaction film has an uneven surface, the contact area with the electrolyte is larger than that of an electrode of the same size, so that the utilization rate of the catalyst is improved. Therefore, when the gas diffusion electrode of the present invention is used in a fuel cell or a water electrolysis system using a solid polymer electrolyte or the like, high performance can be achieved without increasing the size.
第１図は本発明の一実施例に係るガス拡散電極の断面
図、第２図はその製造に用いるプレス治具を示す断面
図、第３図は本発明のガス拡散電極を用いた固体高分子
電解質燃料電池本体の基本構造を示す説明図、第４図は
試験例の結果を示すグラフ、第５図は従来技術に係る固
体高分子電解質燃料電池本体の基本構造を示す説明図で
ある。 図面中、 1,1A,1Bはガス拡散電極、２はガス拡散膜、３は反応
膜、４は凹凸面、８は固体高分子電解質膜である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a gas diffusion electrode according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a press jig used for manufacturing the gas diffusion electrode, and FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the basic structure of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell body, FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of a test example, and FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing the basic structure of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell body according to the prior art. In the drawings, 1, 1A and 1B are gas diffusion electrodes, 2 is a gas diffusion film, 3 is a reaction film, 4 is an uneven surface, and 8 is a solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭63−304575（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭58−5971（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平１−176664（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6，ＤＢ名) H01M 4/86 H01M 8/00 - 8/24──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-63-304575 (JP, A) JP-A-58-5971 (JP, A) JP-A-1-176664 (JP, A) (58) Field (Int.Cl. 6 , DB name) H01M 4/86 H01M 8/00-8/24
Claims (2)
接合されるガス拡散膜とからなるガス拡散電極であっ
て、上記反応膜側表面に機械的に付与された凹凸を有す
ることを特徴とするガス拡散電極。1. A gas diffusion electrode comprising a reaction film in contact with an electrolyte and a gas diffusion film bonded to the reaction film, wherein the gas diffusion electrode has mechanically provided irregularities on the surface of the reaction film. Characterized gas diffusion electrode.
電解質と接触する反応膜とガス拡散膜からなるガス拡散
電極を接合してなる燃料電池本体であって、上記電解質
膜と上記ガス拡散電極の反応膜との接触面の少なくとも
一方に機械的に付与された凹凸を有することを特徴とす
る固体高分子電解質燃料電池本体。2. A fuel cell body comprising a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and a gas diffusion electrode comprising a gas diffusion membrane and a reaction membrane in contact with the solid polymer electrolyte, on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell body having mechanically provided irregularities on at least one of a contact surface of a diffusion electrode and a reaction film.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1306556A JP2831061B2 (en) | 1989-11-28 | 1989-11-28 | Gas diffusion electrode and solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell body using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1306556A JP2831061B2 (en) | 1989-11-28 | 1989-11-28 | Gas diffusion electrode and solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell body using the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03167752A JPH03167752A (en) | 1991-07-19 |
| JP2831061B2 true JP2831061B2 (en) | 1998-12-02 |
Family
ID=17958472
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1306556A Expired - Fee Related JP2831061B2 (en) | 1989-11-28 | 1989-11-28 | Gas diffusion electrode and solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell body using the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2831061B2 (en) |
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| JP3798276B2 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2006-07-19 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Electrochemical element and electrochemical element apparatus |
| US6869712B2 (en) * | 2002-03-07 | 2005-03-22 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Ion exchange system structure with a microtextured surface, method of manufacture, and method of use thereof |
| US8309265B2 (en) | 2003-09-12 | 2012-11-13 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Electrolyte membrane for fuel cells, its production and fuel cell using the same |
| JP4826075B2 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2011-11-30 | 株式会社日立製作所 | ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FOR FUEL CELL, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME AND FUEL CELL USING THE SAME |
| JP2005174565A (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2005-06-30 | Hitachi Ltd | Polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell, membrane/electrode joint body, its manufacturing method, and fuel cell using it |
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| US7901829B2 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2011-03-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Enhanced catalyst interface for membrane electrode assembly |
| JP4882541B2 (en) | 2006-06-26 | 2012-02-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Manufacturing method of electrolyte membrane for fuel cell and membrane electrode assembly |
| JP5233286B2 (en) * | 2008-01-16 | 2013-07-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Manufacturing method of membrane electrode assembly |
| KR20090123819A (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2009-12-02 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Ion conductive electrolyte membrane and method for preparation of same, membrane-electrode assembly and proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| JP5665631B2 (en) * | 2011-04-06 | 2015-02-04 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | Fuel cell |
| KR20210086019A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-08 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | Membrane-Electrode Assembly, Method for Manufacturing The Same, and Fuel Cell Comprising The Same |
| WO2023095203A1 (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2023-06-01 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Method for producing porous electrode–supporting electrolyte membrane |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS585971A (en) * | 1981-07-01 | 1983-01-13 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Manufacture of fuel-cell electrode |
| JPS63304575A (en) * | 1987-06-03 | 1988-12-12 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Electrode for molten carbonate type fuel cell |
| JP2506879B2 (en) * | 1988-01-06 | 1996-06-12 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Fuel cell |
-
1989
- 1989-11-28 JP JP1306556A patent/JP2831061B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH03167752A (en) | 1991-07-19 |
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