JP2790669B2 - Polarizer - Google Patents
PolarizerInfo
- Publication number
- JP2790669B2 JP2790669B2 JP1211456A JP21145689A JP2790669B2 JP 2790669 B2 JP2790669 B2 JP 2790669B2 JP 1211456 A JP1211456 A JP 1211456A JP 21145689 A JP21145689 A JP 21145689A JP 2790669 B2 JP2790669 B2 JP 2790669B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- refractive index
- film
- polarizer
- layer
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は各種光装置に使用する、偏光の異なる光を分
離する偏光子に関するものである。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a polarizer used for various optical devices and for separating lights having different polarizations.
（従来の技術） 従来の第１の偏光子としてはグラントムソンプリズム
やローションプリズムのように、方解石やルチルの結晶
を使ったものや、ガラスプリズムに誘電体多層膜を形成
した偏光ビームスプリッタがよく知られている。さら
に、最近では、第２の偏光子としてニオブ酸リチウム結
晶板の主面に周期的なイオン交換領域および誘電体装荷
膜を形成して、常光線を直進させ、異常光線をラマン・
ナス回折させた偏光子が実現されている（昭63信学会春
季全国大会Ｃ−431）。(Prior Art) As a conventional first polarizer, one using calcite or rutile crystal, such as a Glan-Thompson prism or a lotion prism, or a polarizing beam splitter in which a dielectric multilayer film is formed on a glass prism is often used. Are known. Further, recently, a periodic ion-exchange region and a dielectric-loaded film are formed on the main surface of a lithium niobate crystal plate as a second polarizer to make ordinary light go straight and extraordinary light to be emitted by Raman and
An eggplant diffracted polarizer has been realized (C-431, Spring Meeting of the IEICE of Japan, 63).
しかしながら、従来の偏光子は結晶材料を用いたり、
高い加工精度を必要としているので、高価となる欠点が
あった。さらに、前記第１の偏光子はプリズムを使うの
で、素子寸法が大きくなる欠点があり、第２の偏光子は
ブラッグ回折を用いることができないので、異常光の取
り出しが十分でない欠点があった。However, conventional polarizers use crystalline materials,
Since high processing accuracy is required, there has been a disadvantage that it is expensive. Furthermore, since the first polarizer uses a prism, there is a disadvantage that the element size becomes large, and since the second polarizer cannot use Bragg diffraction, there is a disadvantage that extraordinary light is not sufficiently extracted.
（発明が解決しようとする課題） 本発明は、前記従来の偏光子の欠点を解決した小型で
廉価な偏光子を提供することにある。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) An object of the present invention is to provide a small and inexpensive polarizer which has solved the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional polarizer.
（課題を解決するための手段） 本発明の偏光子は、異なる屈折率異方性を持つ膜を交
互に積層することにより、直交する二つの偏光の一方の
偏光に対して屈折率周期（回折格子）となるようにし回
折を起こさせ、他方の偏光に対して周期性の無い屈折率
とし、直進透過させる。(Means for Solving the Problems) In the polarizer of the present invention, by alternately laminating films having different refractive index anisotropies, the refractive index period (diffraction) of one of two orthogonally polarized lights is obtained. (Diffraction index) with respect to the other polarized light, and the light is transmitted straight.
本発明の偏光子は、従来の偏光子とは構造および材料
が異なる。The polarizer of the present invention is different in structure and material from the conventional polarizer.
（実施例） 以下、本発明の実施例を図面を参照して詳細に説明す
る。(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
実施例１ 第１図（ａ）は本発明の第１の実施例の構成を示す斜
視図、第１図（ｂ）は本発明の第１の実施例を説明する
ための第１層および第２層の屈折率楕円体を示す図であ
って、１は屈折率楕円体３を持つ面内屈折率異方性ポリ
カーボネートフィルム、２はフィルム１をｘ軸に対して
90度回転した配置で屈折率楕円体４を持つポリカーボネ
ートフィルム、５はフィルム１とフィルム２の配置のポ
リカーボネートフィルムを交互に４層以上積み重ねた偏
光子である。このような構造となっているので、ｘ軸方
向に偏光した入射光に対しては、屈折率はフィルム１と
２でn1と変化しないので、偏光子５を直進通過して、出
射光７となるが、ｙ軸方向に偏光した入射光に対して
は、主屈折率n2≠n3であるので、偏光子５は周期的な屈
折率を持つ回折格子となり、ブラッグ反射を生じて出射
光８となる。Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 (a) is a perspective view showing a configuration of a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 (b) is a first layer and a first embodiment for explaining the first embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a diagram showing a two-layer refractive index ellipsoid, in which 1 is an in-plane refractive index anisotropic polycarbonate film having a refractive index ellipsoid 3 and 2 is a film 1 with respect to an x-axis.
A polycarbonate film 5 having a refractive index ellipsoid 4 in a 90-degree rotated arrangement is a polarizer in which four or more polycarbonate films in an arrangement of a film 1 and a film 2 are alternately stacked. Since has such a structure, with respect to the incident light polarized in the x-axis direction, the refractive index does not change with n 1 the film 1 and 2, and straight passes through the polarizer 5, the emitted light 7 However, for incident light polarized in the y-axis direction, since the main refractive index is n 2 ≠ n 3 , the polarizer 5 becomes a diffraction grating having a periodic refractive index, and generates Bragg reflection. Light 8 is emitted.
プラッグ反射を起こす条件はパラメータＱ＝２πλL/
（ｎ∧２）≫１である。ここで、λは光波長、Ｌは偏光
子の長さ、ｎは偏光子の屈折率、∧は屈折率周期であ
る。λ＝1.3μｍ、∧＝10μｍ（１層のフィルムの厚さ
は５μｍ）、ｎ＝1.57とすると、偏光子の長さはＬ≫20
μｍが必要である。また、１次のブラッグ反射の効率は
sin2（v/2）で与えられる。ここでｖ＝２πδnL/λ、δ
ｎ|n3−n2|である。ブラッグ反射の効率を１、δｎ
10-3とすると、偏光子の長さＬ650μｍとなり、極め
て小型の偏光子ができる。偏光角度θは２∧sin（θ/
2）＝λで与えられ、約7.5度となる。さらに薄いフィル
ムを使用することにより大きな偏光角度が得られる。The condition for causing the plug reflection is the parameter Q = 2πλL /
It is a (n∧ 2) »1. Here, λ is the light wavelength, L is the length of the polarizer, n is the refractive index of the polarizer, and ∧ is the refractive index period. Assuming that λ = 1.3 μm, ∧ = 10 μm (the thickness of one film is 5 μm), and n = 1.57, the length of the polarizer is L≫20.
μm is required. The efficiency of the first-order Bragg reflection is
Given by sin 2 (v / 2). Where v = 2πδnL / λ, δ
n | n 3 −n 2 |. The efficiency of Bragg reflection is 1, δn
If it is 10 −3 , the length of the polarizer is L650 μm, and an extremely small polarizer can be obtained. The polarization angle θ is 2∧sin (θ /
2) = λ, which is about 7.5 degrees. Larger polarization angles can be obtained by using thinner films.
次に偏光子５の形成法について述べる。第２図は面内
屈折率異方性を持つ１層のポリカーボネートフィルムの
形成法の説明図である。ポリカーボネートをフィルム状
に射出成形すると同時に、膜を延伸する力9,10で、ｚ軸
方向に延伸することにより、分子配向が生じ、屈折率楕
円体（n2≠n3）３を持つ面内屈折率異方性のフィルムを
得ることができる。このフィルムを交互に延伸した方向
が90度変わるように、多層に張り合わせる。その後、完
全ブラッグ反射長に切り出し、端面を研磨することによ
り偏光子ができる。必要に応じ端面にARコートを施して
もよい。フィルムの張り合わせには接着剤、熱圧着等の
技術を用いる。接着剤を使用する場合、接着剤の屈折率
はn1であることが望ましいが、そうでなくても接着層を
薄くすることにより、接着層の影響を避けることができ
る。Next, a method for forming the polarizer 5 will be described. FIG. 2 is an illustration of a method for forming a one-layer polycarbonate film having in-plane refractive index anisotropy. At the same time that polycarbonate is injection-molded into a film, the film is stretched in the z-axis direction with forces 9 and 10 for stretching the film, whereby molecular orientation occurs and an in-plane having a refractive index ellipsoid (n 2 ≠ n 3 ) 3. A film having a refractive index anisotropy can be obtained. The film is laminated in multiple layers such that the direction in which the film is alternately stretched changes by 90 degrees. Then, a polarizer is formed by cutting out to a perfect Bragg reflection length and polishing the end face. An AR coat may be applied to the end face as needed. Techniques such as adhesives and thermocompression bonding are used for laminating the films. When using an adhesive, the refractive index of the adhesive is desirably a n 1, by reducing the adhesive layer or may not, be able to avoid the influence of the adhesive layer.
第１層と第２層の延伸軸の角度は90度以下でもよく、
偏光子の長さが短く前記パラメータＱ＜１のときでも、
ラマン・ナス回折領域となり、回折光の取り出し効率が
低下するが、偏光の分離が可能である。またこの実施例
では、ポリカーボネート系樹脂フィルムを用いたが、面
内屈折率異方性を持つ膜であればなんでもよく、ポリビ
ニルアルコール系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂、酢酸セル
ロース系樹脂等も使用できる。The angle of the stretching axis of the first layer and the second layer may be 90 degrees or less,
Even when the length of the polarizer is short and the parameter Q <1,
Although it becomes a Raman-Nass diffraction region, the efficiency of extracting the diffracted light decreases, but the polarization can be separated. In this embodiment, a polycarbonate resin film is used, but any film having an in-plane refractive index anisotropy may be used, and a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a polyester resin, a cellulose acetate resin, or the like may be used.
実施例２ 第３図は本発明の第２の実施例を説明するための屈折
率楕円体を示す図であって、11は第１層の屈折率楕円
体、12は第２層の屈折率楕円体を示す。偏光子への入射
角θ/2が大きくなると、実施例１の構造ではｙ軸と垂直
な偏光に対し多少ブラッグ反射が生じ、偏光の分離度が
悪くなる。第１層におけるｙ軸と垂直な偏光は、ｘ軸か
らθ/2ほどずれ、屈折率は主屈折率n1と少し異なるｎ′
１となる。このため、第２層のｘ軸方向の主屈折率を
ｎ′１となるようにすることにより、ｙ軸と垂直な偏光
に対するブラッグ反射をなくし、偏光分離度をよくする
ことができる。このような膜は第１層と第２層とでポリ
カーボネートを延伸する力を変えることにより得られ
る。Embodiment 2 FIG. 3 is a view showing a refractive index ellipsoid for explaining a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein 11 is a refractive index ellipsoid of a first layer, and 12 is a refractive index of a second layer. Indicates an ellipsoid. When the angle of incidence θ / 2 on the polarizer increases, the structure of the first embodiment causes some Bragg reflection with respect to polarized light perpendicular to the y-axis, resulting in poor polarization separation. Polarized light perpendicular to the y-axis in the first layer is shifted from the x-axis by about θ / 2, and the refractive index is slightly different from the main refractive index n 1.
It becomes 1 . Therefore, the main refractive index in the x-axis direction of the second layer by such a n '1, eliminate the Bragg reflection with respect to the y-axis perpendicular polarization, it is possible to improve the polarization separation degree. Such a film can be obtained by changing the stretching force of the polycarbonate between the first layer and the second layer.
実施例３ 第４図は本発明の第３の実施例を説明するための屈折
率楕円体を示す図であって、13は第１層の屈折率楕円
体、14は第２層の屈折率楕円体を示す。第１層はｙ軸方
向に屈折率異方性（n1≠n3）を持ち、第２層は屈折率n1
の等方性である。第２層の膜は延伸しないポリカーボネ
ートによって得られる。実施例１または実施例２と同じ
効果の偏光子が得られる。また、第２層の等方性の屈折
率をn3とすると、ｙ軸偏光が反射しないで透過し、ｙ軸
と垂直な偏光に対してブラッグ反射を起こさせることも
できる。Embodiment 3 FIG. 4 is a view showing a refractive index ellipsoid for explaining a third embodiment of the present invention, in which 13 is a refractive index ellipsoid of a first layer, and 14 is a refractive index of a second layer. Indicates an ellipsoid. The first layer has a refractive index anisotropy (n 1 ≠ n 3 ) in the y-axis direction, and the second layer has a refractive index n 1
Isotropic. The second layer film is obtained from unstretched polycarbonate. A polarizer having the same effect as in Example 1 or Example 2 can be obtained. Further, when the isotropic refractive index of the second layer is n 3 , the y-axis polarized light is transmitted without being reflected, and the Bragg reflection can be caused for the polarized light perpendicular to the y-axis.
実施例４ 第５図は本発明の第４の実施例を説明するための屈折
率楕円体を示す図であって、15は第１層の屈折率楕円
体、16は第２層の屈折率楕円体を示す。第１層はｘ軸方
向に屈折率異方性（n1≠n3）を持ち、第２層はｚ軸方向
に屈折率異方性（ｎ″３≠ｎ″２）を持つ。ｙ軸方向の
偏光はブラッグ反射を受けず（n1＝ｎ″１）、ｙ軸と垂
直な偏光がブラッグ反射をして（n3≠ｎ″２）、偏光の
分離がなされる。なお、第２層に屈折率n1またはn3の等
方性の膜を用いても同じ効果が得られる。Embodiment 4 FIG. 5 is a view showing a refractive index ellipsoid for explaining a fourth embodiment of the present invention, wherein 15 is a refractive index ellipsoid of a first layer, and 16 is a refractive index of a second layer. Indicates an ellipsoid. The first layer has a refractive index anisotropy (n 1 ≠ n 3 ) in the x-axis direction, and the second layer has a refractive index anisotropy (n ″ 3 ≠ n ″ 2 ) in the z-axis direction. Polarized light in the y-axis direction is not subjected to Bragg reflection (n 1 = n ″ 1 ), and polarized light perpendicular to the y-axis is subjected to Bragg reflection (n 3 ≠ n ″ 2 ), thereby separating polarization. Even using an isotropic film having a refractive index n 1 or n 3 in the second layer the same effect is obtained.
以上述べたように、プラスチック材料を用い、ブラッ
グ反射を起こさせたので、従来の偏光子に比べて極めて
廉価で小型の偏光子が得られる。As described above, since a plastic material is used and Bragg reflection is caused, a small-sized polarizer can be obtained at a much lower cost than a conventional polarizer.
（発明の効果） 以上説明したように、本発明は、異なる屈折率異方性
を持つ膜を交互に積層することにより偏光を分離する素
子を形成したので、薄くて小型の偏光子を得ることがで
き、さらに、プラスチック材料で形成されているので、
大量安価の偏光子を得ることができる。(Effect of the Invention) As described above, in the present invention, an element for separating polarized light is formed by alternately laminating films having different refractive index anisotropy, so that a thin and small polarizer can be obtained. Is made of plastic material.
A large amount of inexpensive polarizers can be obtained.
第１図（ａ）は本発明の第１の実施例の構成を示す斜視
図、 第１図（ｂ）は本発明の第１の実施例を説明するための
第１層および第２層の屈折率楕円体を示す図、 第２図は本発明の構成要素である面内屈折率異方性を持
つ膜の形成法の説明図、 第３図は本発明の第２の実施例を説明するための第１層
および第２層の屈折率楕円体を示す図、 第４図は本発明の第３の実施例を説明するための第１層
および第２層の屈折率楕円体を示す図、 第５図は本発明の第４の実施例を説明するための第１層
および第２層の屈折率楕円体を示す図である。 １……面内屈折率異方性を持つポリカーボネートフィル
ム ２……フィルム１をｘ軸に対して90度回転した配置のポ
リカーボネートフィルム ３……フィルム１の屈折率楕円体 ４……フィルム２の屈折率楕円体 ５……フィルム１とフィルム２を交互に積層した偏光
子、 ６……入射光 ７……ｙ軸と垂直な偏光を持つ光の出射光 ８……ｙ軸と平行な偏光を持つ光の出射光 9,10……膜を延伸する力 11,12,13,14,15,16……屈折率楕円体。FIG. 1A is a perspective view showing a configuration of a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a view of a first layer and a second layer for explaining the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a view showing a refractive index ellipsoid, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a method for forming a film having in-plane refractive index anisotropy, which is a component of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a view illustrating a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing refractive index ellipsoids of a first layer and a second layer, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing refractive index ellipsoids of a first layer and a second layer for explaining a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing refractive index ellipsoids of a first layer and a second layer for explaining a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 1 ... Polycarbonate film having in-plane refractive index anisotropy 2 ... Polycarbonate film arranged so that film 1 is rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the x axis 3 ... Index ellipsoid of film 1 4 ... Refraction of film 2 Index ellipsoid 5: Polarizer in which film 1 and film 2 are alternately laminated 6: Incident light 7: Outgoing light of light having polarization perpendicular to y-axis 8: Polarization parallel to y-axis Outgoing light of light 9,10 ... The force to extend the film 11,12,13,14,15,16 ... Index ellipsoid.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭54−116948（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭61−87101（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭63−26604（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平１−319021（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特公 平５−39281（ＪＰ，Ｂ２) 特公 平７−66084（ＪＰ，Ｂ２) Ａｐｐｌｉｅｄ Ｏｐｔｉｃｓ，22 ［16］（1983），Ｐ．2426−2428 (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6，ＤＢ名) G02B 5/18,5/30──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-54-116948 (JP, A) JP-A-61-87101 (JP, A) JP-A-63-26604 (JP, A) JP-A-1- 319021 (JP, A) JP 5-39281 (JP, B2) JP 7-66084 (JP, B2) Applied Optics, 22 [16] (1983), p. 2426−2428 (58) Fields surveyed (Int. Cl. 6 , DB name) G02B 5/18, 5/30
Claims (1)
等方性または屈折率異方性を有する第２の膜がそれぞれ
同じ厚さで交互に積層された偏光子であって、前記積層
された偏光子に入射する光の直交する２つの偏光のう
ち、一方の偏光方向に沿う前記第１の膜と第２の膜の屈
折率を異ならせて周期性の屈折率分布を有する回折格子
とし、また他方の偏光方向に沿う前記第１の膜と第２の
膜の屈折率を等しくして一様な屈折率媒体となるよう
に、前記第１の膜と前記第２の膜の屈折率主軸の方向と
前記主軸の方向における屈折率が互いに調整されている
ことを特徴とする偏光子。1. A polarizer in which a first film having a refractive index anisotropy and a second film having a refractive index isotropic or a refractive index anisotropy are alternately laminated with the same thickness. Of the two orthogonally polarized lights incident on the laminated polarizer, the refractive index of the first film and the refractive index of the second film along one polarization direction are varied to form a periodic refractive index distribution. And the first film and the second film so that the refractive indices of the first film and the second film along the other polarization direction are equal to form a uniform refractive index medium. The polarizer, wherein the refractive indices of the film in the direction of the principal axis and the direction of the principal axis are adjusted to each other.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1211456A JP2790669B2 (en) | 1989-08-18 | 1989-08-18 | Polarizer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1211456A JP2790669B2 (en) | 1989-08-18 | 1989-08-18 | Polarizer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0375705A JPH0375705A (en) | 1991-03-29 |
| JP2790669B2 true JP2790669B2 (en) | 1998-08-27 |
Family
ID=16606242
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1211456A Expired - Fee Related JP2790669B2 (en) | 1989-08-18 | 1989-08-18 | Polarizer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2790669B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0766084B2 (en) * | 1990-08-23 | 1995-07-19 | 彰二郎 川上 | Polarizing / splitting element composed of shaped birefringent body and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP3521940B2 (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 2004-04-26 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Lighting device and liquid crystal display device |
| KR100407210B1 (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 2004-05-31 | 미네소타 마이닝 앤드 매뉴팩춰링 캄파니 | Reflective Polarizer Display |
| JPH10293212A (en) | 1997-02-18 | 1998-11-04 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Backlight and liquid crystal display device |
| US6104455A (en) * | 1997-08-27 | 2000-08-15 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Back light device and liquid crystal display apparatus |
| JP3434701B2 (en) | 1998-04-06 | 2003-08-11 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Polarization separation sheet, optical sheet laminate, surface light source device, and transmission type display device |
| JP3288976B2 (en) * | 1998-08-07 | 2002-06-04 | 彰二郎 川上 | Polarizer and its manufacturing method |
| US6891584B1 (en) | 1998-10-28 | 2005-05-10 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Liquid-crystal display |
| US6147734A (en) * | 1998-12-17 | 2000-11-14 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Bidirectional dichroic circular polarizer and reflection/transmission type liquid-crystal display device |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63167304A (en) * | 1986-12-27 | 1988-07-11 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Phase difference plate |
-
1989
- 1989-08-18 JP JP1211456A patent/JP2790669B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Ａｐｐｌｉｅｄ Ｏｐｔｉｃｓ，２２［１６］（１９８３），Ｐ．２４２６−２４２８ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0375705A (en) | 1991-03-29 |
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