JP2710259B2 - Anniversary artificial forcing cultivation method of cherry - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates not relate anniversary artificial forcing method cherry, the cherry which enables more detail to promote dormancy trees by adjusting the refrigerated environment, and reliable fruiting Anniversary artificial forcing cultivation method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the cultivation of fruit trees such as grapes, peaches, apples and the like, forcing cultivation has conventionally been carried out by using forcing cultivation technology to harvest earlier than the harvest time in a natural environment. This forcing cultivation technology is intended to provide high value-added products by providing goods during the shortage of seasons or the demand period such as gifts, because the harvest time is limited to a certain period in open-field cultivation etc. It is. The forcing cultivation technique generally performed in fruit tree cultivation is a method in which a fruit tree is housed, and warming is started from a winter period after defoliation, so that fruiting is accelerated and the harvest time is shortened. This method attempts to speed up the harvest by making the environment inside the house more advanced than the outside natural environment.

[0003] Grapes, peaches and the like produced by the above-described forcing cultivation technology are actually provided on the market as commodities. However, the conventional forcing cultivation technology has a limitation even when the harvest time of these fruit trees is advanced. Yes, it cannot be done as fast as you can. That is, the harvest time cannot be advanced by simply forcing the heating start time by the forcing cultivation method. It is necessary to make the fruit tree dormant for a certain period in order to obtain good fruits in fruit tree cultivation,
This is because if the condition of the sleep period is not satisfied, the fruit cannot be satisfactorily fruited. In other words, it is necessary to provide a certain period of dormancy after the fruit tree leaves, and the heating should be started after the elapse of this dormant period. The yield of the season cannot be obtained, and a product with high commercial properties cannot be obtained.

[0004]

By the way, in consideration of the condition that it is necessary to elapse a certain dormant period in order to satisfactorily fruit in fruit tree cultivation as described above,
If the harvest time of the fruit tree is to be made earlier, it is possible if the fruit tree can be put into dormancy earlier. As a way to make fruit trees dormant earlier according to this concept, attempts have been made to move fruit trees to alpine, which leaves earlier than in the lowlands, to accelerate leaf fall and promote dormancy, thereby speeding the onset of warming and earlier harvesting. ing. This is a method that promotes dormancy using natural conditions, so that the harvesting time is advanced by moving the season ahead of the lowlands. In this method, after harvesting the fruit trees in the lowlands, moving the fruit trees to the cold alpine in autumn and letting them fall,
Return to the lowland again and perform forcing cultivation.

[0005] However, in the case of the method of moving fruit trees to high mountains as described above, the fruit trees must be moved one by one, and an operation of returning the fruit trees to a lowland so as not to freeze is also required. Is bad. As described above, the method of making the fruit tree dormant early using the natural conditions is significantly different from the conventional forcing cultivation technique in that the operation of making the fruit tree dormant is actively performed, but the nature of the method is greatly different. It is not a completely artificial forcing cultivation method because it uses the environment. As described above, the natural environment must be used because it is difficult to artificially put fruit trees to sleep, and no technology has been developed to artificially put fruit trees to sleep. Especially artificial promotion of cherry
Even if flower buds are attached, the fruiting rate is low and the quality is low.
There was a problem that a good fruit could not be obtained.

The present inventors have conducted various studies on methods for artificially promoting dormancy in deciduous fruit trees such as grapes, peaches, apples, cherry blossoms, and the like. As a result, by placing cherry blossoms in a certain dormant environment from the green leaf stage. We have newly developed a cultivation method that can be suitably dormant and ensure fruiting after sufficient dormant time has elapsed. According to this method, it is possible to harvest much earlier than conventional forced cultivation methods and the like, and it is possible to obtain high-quality cherry.
It is possible to further increase the commercial value.
Further, the present invention is a method for enabling year-round cultivation of cherry.
For the first time with this method, early harvest of cherry
Is what makes it possible.

[0007]

The present invention has the following arrangement to achieve the above object. In other words, this is a method of cultivating cherry blossoms throughout the year, after chilling them for a certain period of time and letting them dormant, and then fruiting them in a heated environment. or allowed to elapse the growth period of the month, the tree in artificial refrigeration apparatus prior to defoliation is housed in a potted of state to start the cold warehouse, 5 weeks of the previous fiscal year of cold storage period
For a period of time between the daytime and nighttime
Switching between the upper environment and the environment below the dormant limit temperature
And set the temperature below the dormant temperature over time.
The refrigeration temperature above 0 ° C
Gradually lower the tree to make it dormant and refrigerate after the tree is dormant
During the last six weeks of the period,
At a temperature close to the dormant temperature of 0 ° C or higher
Maintained during the day, allowed to elapse the binding really necessary time, it aroused dormancy from refrigerated environment, characterized in that to flowering and fruiting transferred trees warm environment.

[0008]

In the cherry peach anniversary cultivation method according to the present invention Summary of the Invention,
The tree is made diapause by artificially refrigeration, and after a period of dormancy, the tree is awakened from spontaneous diapause and transferred to a warming environment so that it blooms. Incidentally, the case of artificially dormant fruit trees, not just can alone will be suitably dormancy is input to the refrigerated environment fruit trees. When the present invention refrigeration trees cherry, in the previous period of refrigeration period, set so as to be under both environments of dormancy limit temperature following environmental dormancy limit temperature or more environmental of day, dormancy limit temperature allowed to elapse until the sum of the time in the following is equal to or greater than the time required to dormant start of cherry and is made to dormant trees. The critical temperature at which fruit trees dormant is known as the dormant temperature,
° C is this dormancy limit temperature. That is, in general, plants
It grows above 7.2 ° C above this temperature and stops growing below this temperature. The dormancy temperature limit those equally applicable with <br/> the cherry, the dormancy limit temperature is indicative of the temperature management in the case of artificially dormant the cherry.
The above operation of gradually lowering the refrigeration temperature promotes dormancy by placing trees below the dormant limit temperature.

[0009] Incidentally, for refrigerated while switching the time to put the time of placing the following dormancy limit temperature or more dormant limit temperature of day when to sleep in a refrigerated environment cherry as described above, the wood refrigerated environment It is for accelerating the fallen leaves by providing a temperature difference within one day while acclimatizing. The conditions under which a fruit tree is completely dormant depend on the total number of hours that the fruit tree has been below the diapause threshold temperature. The time required for dormancy depends on the species of tree.
When it is about time, it becomes completely dormant. It should be noted that cherry blossoms grown in the open field dormant earlier than artificially dormant.
Sleep around 0 hours. In addition, peaches and the like go into dormancy relatively quickly, and completely dormant when the temperature is below the dormant limit temperature for about 100 hours. When the temperature difference is set within one day as described above, for example, if the temperature is set to be equal to or higher than the dormancy limit temperature during the day and equal to or lower than the dormancy limit temperature at night, the total time equal to or less than the nighttime dormancy limit temperature is added up. If the time required for dormancy is exceeded, complete dormancy occurs. In this way, when cherry blossoms are refrigerated and put to sleep, the time for keeping the temperature below the sleep limit temperature is calculated in advance, and the temperature is controlled based on this.
In addition, the minimum temperature of the refrigerated environment of cherry blossoms when promoting dormancy
Keep it at 0 ° C or higher to avoid excessive cooling.

In the present invention, the promotion of dormancy is further ensured by controlling the refrigeration temperature as described above to promote dormancy and by controlling the light irradiation time on the cherry tree. Like that. That is, even in the natural environment, the light irradiation time is artificially shortened during refrigeration in correspondence with the gradual shortening of the sunshine time. In order to manage the light irradiation time, the tree is placed in an environment where external light does not enter, such as in a refrigerator, and the light irradiation time is controlled by electric lighting. In the initial stage, the light irradiation time is, for example, 12 times a day.
It switches on and off every hour and gradually reduces the light irradiation time. Eventually, light irradiation may not be performed at all throughout the day.

By controlling the refrigeration temperature and the light irradiation time as described above, the tree becomes completely dormant when a time equal to or less than a certain dormant limit temperature elapses. The present inventor was able to completely sleep by moving the cherry tree in a refrigerated environment in the state of green leaves and artificially performing a dormant operation in accordance with the dormancy promoting operation described above. Incidentally, transfer the wood refrigerated environment after harvesting fruits and sintered real, is from after the lapse of the growth period of a constant period. After the fruiting, if a certain growth period has passed and nutrients have been sufficiently stored, the tree is ready for dormancy at all times, even in the appearance of green leaves. The growth period of cherry is about four to five months after fruiting is sufficient. In this way, the tree whose growth period has elapsed can be put into a dormant state by performing a dormancy promoting operation in the above-mentioned refrigerated environment while keeping the green leaves. When the tree is completely dormant, the leaves die but do not fall off as they are, so the leaves are artificially dropped. This is because the leaves fall due to the external action of rain and wind in a natural environment, but do not fall in a refrigerated environment because they are left still.

After the tree is completely dormant as described above, it is necessary to provide a certain dormancy time. This dormancy time is a period required for the cherry tree to form a good fruit with full flower buds while maintaining the tree in a completely dormant state. During the late refrigeration period during which the diapause is completely dormant , the temperature is kept below the diapause limit temperature throughout the day and the tree is maintained without any light irradiation. Completely dormant time to maintain the trees in the state decide this period the dormant limit temperature you have time to less than the time that total at the time this fully dormant state as a whole dormant time when the previous dormant promotion operation. For example, total sleep time required to be favorably fruition nuclear fruit acids is about 1000 hours to 1500 hours. In addition, since the tree is alive and the sap is circulating even in the completely dormant state, it is not appropriate to lower the refrigeration temperature too much in the dormant state. It is appropriate to maintain and maintain at a temperature of about 5 ° C. which is close to the dormant limit temperature.

When the cherry tree is refrigerated and artificially put to sleep, it is necessary to refrigerate the tree in a potted state using a container or the like. This is for cooling the root of the tree in the case of the refrigeration operation, and the above-mentioned dormancy promoting operation is also realized by cooling the root. Therefore, when chilling trees , they are brought into a refrigerator in a potted state so that the roots can be cooled. In addition, potted and container cultivation can be performed by handling in a potted state in this way, and there is an advantage that transportation and the like are facilitated. During dormancy, watering should be performed appropriately.

After the required dormant time has elapsed, the trees are transferred from the refrigerated environment to the growing environment in the external house, and growth is started. In addition, when it is taken out of the refrigerated environment, it is preferable to move the house into a heated house after a transition period in which the temperature is kept at a slightly low temperature of about 10 ° C. which is higher than the dormant limit temperature. In a heated environment in the house, the plants are grown by appropriately irrigating or the like.
Pruning should be slightly stronger than in open-field cultivation. For all branches , cut off a few buds at the tip of the branches.
) . This can increase the fruit set rate.

By promoting diapause by the above-described method and allowing the diapause to completely diapause, and then heating and growing in a house, it is possible to form rich flower buds and to achieve good fruiting. In this cultivation method, the fruit set rate is increased by ensuring the necessary dormancy time for fruit set. The present inventors can increase the fruiting rate even wood cherry obtained by artificial dormancy by taking this dormancy time sufficient, it was possible to verify that it is possible to obtain a cherry of excellent quality. Further, according to the present invention method, Sakura
Since the peach tree is artificially put into a dormant state with a green leaf, the dormancy can be started independently of the external natural environment, and as a result, the harvest time can be greatly shortened. In addition, since the sleep period can be appropriately selected, the harvest time can be appropriately set. This cultivation method is a method that can be generally applied as a method for cultivating deciduous fruit trees, and can be applied to various fruit trees such as grapes, peaches, and apples. By using this method, the harvest time can be advanced by several months as compared with the so-called forcing cultivation. Further, year-round cultivation becomes possible by making the harvest cycle continuous. Harvesting in a continuous harvest cycle
It is possible to artificially promote dormancy from the green leaf stage
Prevent blossoming by performing the operation, at the time of the next harvest
Technology to ensure that the fruits
You.

[0016]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Tables 1 and 2 bring cherry trees into the refrigerator,
This shows a situation in which a dormancy operation was performed to completely dormant, and after a certain dormant period had elapsed, the animals were moved to a house and grown. The cultivation tree was a tree that had been harvested for four months or more after harvesting, and the container- planted tree was stored in a refrigerator. Table 1
Shows the contents of the management in which they were housed in a refrigerator to make them sleep, and Table 2 shows the state in which the animals were completely hibernated, kept in a dormant state for a certain period of time, moved from the refrigerator to the house, and grown.

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

In the example, after the cherry blossom tree was stored in the refrigerator, as shown in Table 1, the daytime was set to be gradually shortened weekly, and the sleeping period was set to 5 weeks. Change the temperature of the refrigerator between daytime and nighttime, so that the daytime temperature is higher than the dormant temperature limit of 7.2 ° C. from the first week to the fourth week,
In the fifth week, the daytime temperature was set to be lower than the diapause limit temperature. It should be noted that the temperature in the refrigerator was set to decrease with the passage of time even when the temperature was set to the hibernation limit temperature or higher. Light irradiation time was limited to daytime only. Since the daytime becomes shorter, the light irradiation time becomes shorter gradually over the week. In addition, irrigation was performed appropriately so that the pot was not too dry.

The bottom column of Table 1 shows the time at which the temperature falls below the diapause limit every week. The time during which the temperature becomes lower than the diapause limit temperature gradually increases. According to the artificial dormancy operation, the time required for dormancy of cherry blossoms is about 450 hours, and by the above operation, after the fifth week has elapsed, the time below the dormancy limit temperature is 546 hours, and the dormant state is obtained. The leaves, which were blue when stored in the refrigerator, became dead after the fifth week. At this time, the leaves were all removed and transferred to a state in which a completely dormant state was maintained. Table 2 in complete sleep state
As shown in Fig. 6, the light irradiation was stopped, and the temperature in the refrigerator was maintained at a constant temperature of 5 ° C for 6 weeks. This sixth
From the week to the end of the 11th week, the total time to stay below the dormant temperature limit is 1008 hours.

The dormancy time of cherry blossoms is required to be about 1400 to 1500 hours, but the time below the dormancy limit temperature from the first week to the end of the 11th week is 1554 hours in total.
Therefore, this means that a sufficient dormancy time has been obtained. The twelfth and thirteenth weeks are transitional periods in which cherry trees are transferred from the refrigerator to the house, in which the temperature inside the refrigerator is set above the dormant limit temperature, and the trees are leveled. Also in this case, light irradiation was not performed, and only the refrigeration temperature was raised. During this period, irrigation was appropriately performed.

At the end of the 13th week, they were transferred to a house and heated to start growing. The temperature in the house was 20 ° C during the day and 8 ° C during the night. The sunshine and the like were in accordance with natural conditions, but when the sunshine time was insufficient, artificial lighting was used. After moving to the house, it is basically the same as normal house cultivation.
When the flower buds began to swell, the leaves were sprayed every three days until flowering. This is to improve the fruit set rate. The earliest of the cherry varieties began to blossom about 25 days after they were in the house, and could be shipped 50 days later. Even late varieties began to blossom about 40 days after entering the house, and could be shipped in 55 days. In addition,
The longer the dormancy period, the faster the flowering tends to be.

In this example of cherry blossom cultivation, cherry blossom trees were stored in a refrigerator in early September, were put to sleep for 5 weeks (early October), and were transferred to the house after 13 weeks (late November). I was attached. Then, it became possible to ship it in early February, after 50 days had passed in the house. The conventional forcing cultivation of cherry blossoms is the earliest and is the middle of March. In this cultivation example, the harvest time was able to be advanced more than one month compared to this. The reason that the shipping time was greatly advanced in this way is that cherry blossoms were artificially put to sleep from the stage of green leaves.

[0022] Cherry is a very difficult fruit among fruits to produce fruit. Even when flowers actually bloom in forced cultivation or the like, fruiting does not take place, fruiting falls even if fruiting occurs, and there are often problems that large grains cannot be obtained. However, according to the above-mentioned cultivation method, these problems can be solved and a good product having a large grain can be harvested, and even if a dormant operation is performed from the green leaf stage, it can be surely managed by satisfying certain conditions. It can be fruited. In addition, since the method of the present invention employs a method of artificially hibernating, year-round cultivation becomes possible by appropriately setting the hibernation start time. Table 3 shows an example of a cultivation cycle when cherry blossoms are cultivated year-round by the method of the present invention.

[Table 3]

Since the operation of sleeping cherry is performed artificially as described above, the shipping time can be arbitrarily set by selecting the sleeping time. In Table 3, the shipping time of the current year is from January to May, and the next shipping time when cultivating according to the above method is shown, taking a period of four months required for growing the tree. For example, it indicates that the shipment of trees shipped in February can be started from the end of December of the current year, and the shipment of trees in March can be started from the end of January of the following year. According to this anniversary cultivation method, the time required for the next shipment can be shortened to one year or less, so that those shipped in January of the current year can be shipped from the end of November as shown in the bottom column of Table 3. Becomes Since the end of the year is the demand period for gifts and the like, it can be offered as high value-added products.

The actual cultivation examples of cherry blossoms have been described above, but the invention can be similarly applied to peaches, apples, grapes and the like in addition to cherry blossoms. The inventor has confirmed that early harvesting is possible by applying the above cultivation method to peach. In the case of peach, the fruiting rate is higher than in cherry blossom, and even if the sleep period is slightly short, the fruiting rate is low but fruiting takes place.

[0025]

According to anniversary artificial forcing method cherry according to the present invention, as described above, it is reliably dormant facilitate cherry
To ensure that quality fruits are harvested.
To be able to In addition, according to this cultivation method,
Harvest from traditional house cultivation
Hastened the harvest season and offered it as a product with high commercial value.
It has significant effects such as making it possible to provide .

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References Saitama Horticultural Experiment Station Research Report, [17] (1990) 41-46

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] After chilling cherry for a certain period of time and sleeping,
A anniversary artificial forcing method cherry to fruition under warming environment, was harvested by fruition cherry, allowed to elapse growth period of 4-5 months until flower buds are formed, deciduous Before artificial
Accommodating the tree potted state starts refrigerated in Do refrigeration apparatus, and night day portion over about 5 weeks prior period refrigeration period
Environment that is higher than the diapause limit temperature and lower than the diapause limit temperature
Switch and set the environment in
With the time that is below the diapause limit temperature gradually increased
The tree is made dormant by gradually lowering the refrigeration temperature to 0 ° C or higher, and for about 6 weeks, which is the latter part of the refrigeration period after the tree is dormant.
The dormant temperature is lower than the dormant limit temperature and 0 ° C or more.
Maintains day to a temperature close to the field temperature, forming indeed necessary to elapsed time, aroused dormancy from refrigerated environment, anniversary artificial cherry, characterized in that to flowering and fruiting transferred trees warm environment Forcing cultivation method.