JP2704618B2 - Variable draft boat - Google Patents

Variable draft boat

Info

Publication number
JP2704618B2
JP2704618B2 JP62233993A JP23399387A JP2704618B2 JP 2704618 B2 JP2704618 B2 JP 2704618B2 JP 62233993 A JP62233993 A JP 62233993A JP 23399387 A JP23399387 A JP 23399387A JP 2704618 B2 JP2704618 B2 JP 2704618B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
hull
draft
shallow
speed
navigation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP62233993A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH01289793A (en
Inventor
宗夫 松本
Original Assignee
株式会社大沢技術設計事務所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社大沢技術設計事務所 filed Critical 株式会社大沢技術設計事務所
Priority to JP62233993A priority Critical patent/JP2704618B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP1988/000934 priority patent/WO1989002390A1/en
Priority to AU23836/88A priority patent/AU2383688A/en
Priority to IT8821982A priority patent/IT8821982A0/en
Priority to CN88106826.8A priority patent/CN1017514B/en
Publication of JPH01289793A publication Critical patent/JPH01289793A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2704618B2 publication Critical patent/JP2704618B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/12Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B43/00Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B43/02Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
    • B63B43/10Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving buoyancy
    • B63B43/14Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving buoyancy using outboard floating members
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/14Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected resiliently or having means for actively varying hull shape or configuration
    • B63B2001/145Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected resiliently or having means for actively varying hull shape or configuration having means for actively varying hull shape or configuration

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Guiding Agricultural Machines (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の目的〕 (産業上の利用分野) この発明は、河川や湖水等の水深の浅い場所から、外
海の如き水深の深い場所にかけて航行する場合に、水深
に応じて浅吃水から深吃水まで、吃水量を自由に調節可
能にするとともに、中央部艇体を下げた浅吃水状態で、
船の水面高さを低くして橋梁等のエアドラフト制限のあ
る航行区域の通過を可能とし、中央部艇体を上げた深吃
水状態で、外海でのりょう波性に優れて高速航行を可能
にする可変吃水船に関する。 (従来の技術) 船の設計は、前提条件となる最低載貸重量、載貸容
積、載貸人員またはトン数制限、航行速力または試運転
時の最高速力、吃水制限などを基として、船体や形状、
寸法、最大排出量、最大吃水等の要目が決定せられるも
のであるが、河川や湖水を航行する船は、水深が浅いた
め浅吃水とならざるを得ず、高速航行には不向きなもの
であった。 従来の高速船として双胴船、水中翼船等が実用化され
ているが、これらは水深の浅い河川や湖水での走行は不
可能であった。 現在は、島しょ部から都会に海を渡って通勤・通学す
る人が多いが、港から都心部等へは別の交通手段で移動
する必要があった。 そのため都心部等の水深の浅い河川から発着可能で、
かつ水深の深い外海を高速航行して時間を短縮できる高
速コミュータ船が強く要望されている。 (発明が解決しようとする問題点) 河川や湖水を航行する浅吃水の船は必然的に造波抵抗
や摩擦抵抗が大きい船底形状となるため、外海に出て高
速航行しようとしても、水の抵抗が大きく、りょう波性
が劣るため不可能であった。 また、従来の高速船である双胴船、水中翼船、ホーバ
ークラフトはそれぞれ次の如き問題点を持っている。 *双胴船・・同じ型の船体を2個、間隔をもって平行に
配置し、上甲板で連結したもので、船体の釣合いがよ
く、その船体形状から造波抵抗を減少させることができ
て高速航行可能であるが、河川や湖水の浅い水深では吃
水の面で無理があって発着できず利用不能である。 *水中翼船・・船体の両側方に、水中に沈没している水
中翼を設けたもので、この水中翼が船の航行により浮揚
力を生じて船体を浮上させ、浅吃水航行で普通の船の約
3倍の高速が得られるが、発着時の低速では吃水量が大
きいため、水深の浅い河川や湖水での発着は、上記双胴
船と同様に不能で利用できない。 *ホーバークラフト・・船体の底から圧搾空気を水面に
強く吹き付けてエアークッションをつくり、このエアー
クッションで自重を支えて、水面すれすれに普通の船の
4〜5倍の高速で航走し、水陸両用に利用できるが、強
烈な風と音とが障害となり、何処でも自由に利用するこ
とができないことと、高価なのが難点であった。 そこでこの発明は、上記した従来の浅吃水船の高速航
行不能な難点と、高速船が水深の浅い河川から発着でき
ない難点を、吃水量を可変にすることで解消して、浅吃
水から深吃水まで状況に応じて排水量を一定のまま吃水
量を自由に調節して、低速から高速まで幅広く航行でき
るとともに、中央部艇体が下がった状態とすることで船
の水面高さを低くして、橋梁下等のエアドラフト制限の
ある航行区域の通過を可能にする、可変吃水船を提供す
ることを目的としている。 〔発明の構成〕 (問題点を解決するための手段) この発明は、水深の浅い河川や湖水等と、水深の深い
外海とを連続して航行するための、浅吃水から深吃水ま
で吃水量を調節できる可変吃水船であり、この可変吃水
船は、中央部艇体の両側に、左右一対の外部艇体が前後
端上部を連結して配置され、上記中央部艇体と左右一対
の外部艇体を、油圧シリンダの如き上下動手段により連
結して、上記中央部艇体と左右一対の外部艇体との上下
の関係位置を変えることにより、この中央部艇体を、排
水量を最大負担した着水状態から、排水量を負担しない
離水状態に至る間を変化させて、船体吃水を可変とした
可変吃水船である。 (作用) 本発明の可変吃水船の作用を説明すると、河川の如き
水深の浅い場所では、中央部艇体を下降させることによ
り、中央部艇体と外部艇体の船底が一致して一体的な浅
吃水型の船底形状となり、排水量負担の割合が中央部艇
体が最大で外部艇体が最小となって浅吃水状態を形成
し、一方外海の水深の深い場所では、中央部艇体を上昇
させることによって、中央部艇体の船底を水面より上に
位置させて、排水量を100%外部艇体が負担した最深吃
水状態を形成して、あたかも双胴船と同様の形態で造波
抵抗および摩擦抵抗を軽減するとともに、りょう波性に
優れた船形となって高速航行を可能にし、さらに最浅吃
水から最深吃水までの間は、中央部艇体と外部艇体との
排水量の割合が変化しながら浅吃水から深吃水へ、また
深吃水から浅吃水への間の中間吃水状態に、状況に応じ
て自由に調節できるとともに、浅吃水状態とすることで
船の水面高さを低くして、橋梁下等のエアドラフト制限
のある航行区域の通過を可能とすることができる。 (実施例) 以下本発明を、添付図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。 図面は中央部艇体(1)と、外部艇体(3)(3)と
の関係位置を変えて、吃水を変化させた三種の態様を横
断面図で示したもので、中央部艇体(1)と、この中央
部艇体(1)の両側に添って左右一対に位置する外部艇
体(3)(3)が前後端上部を連結(図示省略)して、
ほぼ四角形に中央部艇体(1)の周りを囲み、この中央
部艇体(1)と左右両側の外部艇体(3)(3)とを、
油圧シリンダからなる上下動手段(2)により連結し
て、中央部艇体(1)と外部艇体(3)(3)との関係
位置を変化させることができる構成としたものである。 第1図は中央部艇体(1)が最下降して、船底が外部
艇体(3)(3)と一致した状態を示し、この場合最浅
吃水(H1)となり、排水量の割合が中央部艇体(1)が
最大となり、外部艇体(3)(3)が最小となる。 この状態で河川や湖水等と水深の浅い場所が航行でき
るとともに、船の水面高さが最小となって、橋梁下等の
エアドラフト規制のある航行区域の通過が可能となる。 第2図は中央部艇体(1)が中間まで上昇した状態を
示し、この場合中間吃水(H2)となり、排水量負担の割
合が、第1図の最浅吃水(H1)の場合よりも、中央部艇
体(1)で減じ、外部艇体(3)(3)で増加する。 この状態は水深のやや深い沿岸部などの航行に適す
る。 第3図は中央部艇体(1)が最上昇した状態を示し、
この場合最深吃水(H3)となり、中央部艇体(1)は船
底が水面すれすれ、あるいは水面より上に浮上して排水
量負担はゼロとなり、外部艇体(1)が全排水量を負担
して最大となり、あたかも従来の双胴船と同様に、水深
の深い外海を高速航行するのに適しており、造波抵抗、
摩擦抵抗が少なく、りょう波性に優れて安定航行が得ら
れる。 なお、実施例において上下動手段(2)として油圧シ
リンダを例示したが、電動モーター等を利用することも
できる。 以上説明した本発明可変吃水船は、従来の河川、湖水
用船では浅吃水構造であるため、多海での高速航行が不
可能であったものを、吃水を自由に変えられる構造とし
たことにより、りょう波性能の向上を可能にして、河川
と外海とを兼用して低速から高速まで幅広く理想的に航
行することができるものである。 〔発明の効果〕 本発明の可変吃水船は、水深の浅い河川から発着し、
水深の深い外海に出て高速航行することができるため、
島しょ部と都会を結ぶ高速コミュータ船として通勤や通
学に最適のものであり、河川を利用して都心部に近い便
利な場所まで航行できることによりキメ細かな交通が確
立でき、交通の時間を大幅に短縮することができるとと
もに、浅吃水状態にすることで船の高さが低くなり、橋
梁等のエアドラフト制限のある場所の航行が可能となる
利点がある。 また、河川、湖水、内海、多島海等を航行する観光船
にも適している。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Object of the Invention] (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a method for navigating from a shallow place such as a river or a lake to a deep place such as the open sea. From shallow draft to deep draft, the amount of draft can be freely adjusted, and in the shallow draft state with the center hull lowered,
Lowers the water level of the ship to allow passage through navigation areas with air draft restrictions such as bridges, and enables deep-drafting with the hull in the center raised, allowing high-speed navigation with excellent ripple in the open sea To a variable draft boat. (Prior art) The design of a ship is based on the prerequisite minimum loading weight, loading capacity, limited number of persons or tonnage, navigation speed or maximum speed during test operation, draft limit, etc. ,
The dimensions, maximum emission, maximum draft, etc. are determined.However, ships navigating rivers and lakes have to be shallow draft because of the shallow water depth, making them unsuitable for high-speed navigation. Met. Catamaran, hydrofoil, and the like have been put into practical use as conventional high-speed ships, but they have not been able to run on shallow rivers or lakes. Currently, many people commute to work or school from the island to the city by sea, but they had to travel from the port to the city center by another means of transportation. Therefore, it is possible to arrive and depart from shallow rivers such as the city center,
In addition, there is a strong demand for a high-speed commuter ship capable of navigating at high speed in a deep sea with a short depth of water. (Problems to be solved by the invention) Since shallow draft boats navigating rivers and lakes necessarily have a bottom shape with large wave making resistance and frictional resistance, even if they go to the open sea and sail at high speed, This was not possible due to the large resistance and poor ripple properties. Conventional catamaran, hydrofoil, and hovercraft, which are high-speed ships, respectively, have the following problems. * Catamaran: Two hulls of the same type are arranged in parallel at an interval and connected by the upper deck. The hull is well balanced, and the wave hull resistance can be reduced due to the hull shape and high speed. Although it is navigable, it cannot be used at rivers and lakes where the depth of water is too low for drafts. * Hydraulic wing ship-A hydrofoil submerged in the water is provided on both sides of the hull, and this hydrofoil generates buoyancy force by the navigation of the ship and lifts the hull, making it normal for shallow draft navigation. Although the speed is about three times as high as that of the ship, the draft is large at low speeds at the time of departure and arrival, so departure and arrival at shallow rivers and lakes is impossible and cannot be used like the catamaran described above. * Hovercraft: An air cushion is created by strongly blowing compressed air from the bottom of the hull onto the surface of the water, supporting its own weight with this air cushion, and navigating at 4 to 5 times the speed of a normal ship as the surface of the water crosses. However, the strong wind and sound hindered it, and it was difficult to use it anywhere, and it was expensive. Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned difficulties of the conventional shallow draft boat, which cannot be navigated at high speed, and the difficulties that the high-speed boat cannot arrive and depart from shallow rivers, by varying the amount of draft. The draft can be freely adjusted while keeping the drainage constant according to the situation, and it is possible to sail widely from low speed to high speed, and the water level of the ship is lowered by lowering the hull in the center, The purpose of the present invention is to provide a variable draft boat that can pass through navigation areas with air draft restrictions such as under bridges. [Constitution of the Invention] (Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention relates to a draft from shallow draft to deep draft for continuous navigation between shallow rivers and lakes and deep open seas. This variable drafting boat can be adjusted, and this variable drafting boat has a pair of left and right outer hulls connected to the upper front and rear ends on both sides of the central hull, The hull is connected by vertical movement means such as a hydraulic cylinder to change the vertical position of the center hull and the pair of left and right outer hulls. This is a variable draft boat that changes the hull draft by changing the state from the landing state to the separated state that does not bear the amount of drainage. (Operation) The operation of the variable draft boat according to the present invention will be described. In a shallow place such as a river, by lowering the center hull, the bottoms of the center hull and the outer hull coincide with each other to form an integral body. The bottom hull shape is a shallow draft type, and the ratio of drainage burden is the largest in the central hull and the outer hull is the smallest, forming a shallow draft state, while in deep sea water, the central hull is By raising, the bottom of the central hull is positioned above the water surface, forming a deepest drafting state in which the external hull bears 100% of the drainage, creating wave resistance in the same manner as a catamaran. In addition to reducing frictional resistance, it has a ship shape with excellent ripple characteristics and enables high-speed navigation, and the ratio of drainage between the center hull and the outer hull is reduced from the shallow draft to the deepest draft. Changing from shallow draft to deep draft, and changing from deep draft to shallow draft Intermediate drafting between water can be freely adjusted depending on the situation, and shallow drafting state lowers the water surface of the ship and allows passage through navigation areas with air draft restrictions such as under bridges. Can be made possible. (Example) Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show, in cross-sectional views, three modes in which the position of the center hull (1) and the outer hulls (3) and (3) are changed to change the draft, and the center hull is shown. (1) and an outer hull (3) (3) located on a pair of left and right sides along both sides of the central hull (1), connecting the upper front and rear ends (not shown),
Surround the center hull (1) in a substantially rectangular shape, and attach the center hull (1) and the outer hulls (3) (3) on both the left and right sides.
The structure is such that the relative positions of the central hull (1) and the outer hulls (3) (3) can be changed by being connected by vertical movement means (2) composed of hydraulic cylinders. Figure 1 is central hull (1) is in the lowermost, ship bottom indicates the matched state with the external hull (3) (3), in this case the shallowest Kissui (H 1), and the proportion of wastewater The central hull (1) is maximized, and the outer hulls (3) and (3) are minimized. In this state, it is possible to navigate a place where the water depth is shallow, such as rivers and lakes, and at the same time, the water level of the ship is minimized, and it is possible to pass through a navigation area such as under a bridge where air draft is regulated. FIG. 2 shows a state in which the central hull (1) has risen to the middle. In this case, intermediate draft (H 2 ) is obtained, and the ratio of the drainage burden is lower than that in the case of the shallowest draft (H 1 ) shown in FIG. Also decrease in the central hull (1) and increase in the outer hull (3) (3). This condition is suitable for navigating the coast at a slightly deeper depth. FIG. 3 shows a state in which the central hull (1) is in the highest position,
In this case, the deepest draft (H 3 ) is reached, and the bottom of the hull (1) is slightly flush with the water surface or rises above the water surface and the drainage burden is zero, and the external hull (1) bears the entire drainage. It is the largest and is suitable for high-speed navigation in the deep sea, like a conventional catamaran,
Low frictional resistance, excellent ripple and stable navigation. In the embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder is exemplified as the vertical movement means (2), but an electric motor or the like may be used. The variable draft boat of the present invention described above has a shallow draft structure for conventional river and lake vessels, so that high-speed navigation in multiple seas was not possible, and the draft can be changed freely. Accordingly, it is possible to improve the ripple wave performance, and it is possible to ideally navigate a wide range from a low speed to a high speed while also using the river and the open sea. [Effects of the Invention] The variable draft ship of the present invention starts and arrives from a shallow river,
Because you can go to the deep sea and sail at high speed,
A high-speed commuter ship that connects the island to the city and is ideal for commuting and commuting.Since the river can be used to navigate to a convenient location near the city center, fine-grained traffic can be established, greatly shortening traffic time. In addition to the advantage of being able to shorten the distance, the shallow drafting state has the advantage that the height of the ship is reduced, enabling navigation in places such as bridges where air draft is restricted. It is also suitable for sightseeing boats navigating rivers, lakes, inland seas, archipelagos and the like.

【図面の簡単な説明】 第1図は、本発明可変吃水船の浅吃水航行状態を示す横
断面図である。 第2図は、同じく中間吃水航行状態を示す横断面図であ
る。 第3図は、同じく深吃水航行状態を示す横断面図であ
る。 〔符号の説明〕 1……中央部艇体 2……上下動手段(油圧シリンダ) 3……外部艇体 H1……最浅吃水 H2……中間吃水 H3……最深吃水
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a variable draft watercraft of the present invention in a shallow draft navigation state. FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view showing the same intermediate draft navigation state. FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view showing the same deep draft navigation state. [Description of Signs] 1... Central hull 2... Vertical movement means (hydraulic cylinder) 3... Outer hull H 1 ... Shallowest draft H 2 ... Intermediate draft H 3.

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 1.中央部艇体(1)の両側に、左右一対の外部艇体
(3)(3)が前後端上部を連結して配置され、中央部
艇体(1)と外部艇体(3)(3)を油圧シリンダの如
き上下動手段(2)により連結して、中央部艇体(1)
と外部艇体(3)(3)の上下の関係位置を変えること
により、中央部艇体(1)を、排水量を最大負担した着
水状態から、排水量を負担しない離水状態に至る間を変
化させて、船体吃水を可変としたことを特徴とする可変
吃水船。
(57) [Claims] On both sides of the central hull (1), a pair of left and right external hulls (3) and (3) are arranged by connecting the upper front and rear ends thereof, and the central hull (1) and the external hull (3) (3) are arranged. ) Are connected by vertical movement means (2) such as a hydraulic cylinder, and the center hull (1)
By changing the upper and lower relative positions of the hull (3) and the outer hull (3), the central hull (1) changes from the landing state where the maximum drainage amount is borne to the separated state where the drainage amount is not borne. A variable drafting boat, wherein the draft of the hull is variable.
JP62233993A 1987-09-18 1987-09-18 Variable draft boat Expired - Lifetime JP2704618B2 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62233993A JP2704618B2 (en) 1987-09-18 1987-09-18 Variable draft boat
PCT/JP1988/000934 WO1989002390A1 (en) 1987-09-18 1988-09-14 Variable draft boat
AU23836/88A AU2383688A (en) 1987-09-18 1988-09-14 Variable draft boat
IT8821982A IT8821982A0 (en) 1987-09-18 1988-09-16 VARIABLE DRAFT VESSEL.
CN88106826.8A CN1017514B (en) 1987-09-18 1988-09-16 Draught variable ship

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62233993A JP2704618B2 (en) 1987-09-18 1987-09-18 Variable draft boat

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH01289793A JPH01289793A (en) 1989-11-21
JP2704618B2 true JP2704618B2 (en) 1998-01-26

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP62233993A Expired - Lifetime JP2704618B2 (en) 1987-09-18 1987-09-18 Variable draft boat

Country Status (4)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2704618B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1017514B (en)
IT (1) IT8821982A0 (en)
WO (1) WO1989002390A1 (en)

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US5967072A (en) * 1997-07-09 1999-10-19 Leary; John H. Deep draft-shallow draft cargo vessel
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WO2006037663A1 (en) * 2004-10-05 2006-04-13 Constructions Industrielles De La Mediterranee - Cnim An improved convertible vessel
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JPS58221787A (en) * 1982-06-18 1983-12-23 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Ship with shock absorber for upper structure

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KR102578262B1 (en) * 2021-09-06 2023-09-14 세호마린솔루션즈 주식회사 Catamaran with deck that can move up and down

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1017514B (en) 1992-07-22
CN1040960A (en) 1990-04-04
IT8821982A0 (en) 1988-09-16
JPH01289793A (en) 1989-11-21
WO1989002390A1 (en) 1989-03-23

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