RU2733021C1 - Ship draft control system for passage in shallow - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to shipbuilding, in particular to floating cargo facilities, and can be used for freight transportation along shallow water areas of rivers, canals, coastal zones. System includes a sealed container with a gaseous working medium, connected by means of pipelines to a pump for pressuring and controlling pressure of the gaseous working medium in the tank depending on the depth of the waterway, note here that said tank is made up of balloon equipped with aerostat lifting force control device and helium, hydrogen or heated air as working medium.

EFFECT: improved operational capacity of cargo ship for transportation in shallow waters.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of shipbuilding, in particular to floating cargo vehicles, and can be used for freight traffic in shallow sections of rivers, canals, coastal zones.

Due to its geographic features, the development of the Far North entails a solution to the issue of cargo transportation. The construction of capital roads on permafrost is very difficult. Traditional local air travel is limited. The operation of aircraft with a longer flight range requires the construction of large airports. In Soviet times, along with the development of northern aviation, great importance was attached to water transport, and yet even then it was not possible to form a transport system of year-round operation. Today, it remains an urgent task for freight transportation along inland rivers. However, when carrying out cargo transportation, there are factors that impede the movement of vessels on inland waterways due to shallow water, sandbanks, seasonal fluctuations in water levels, lowlands, ice flows, etc., which requires the development of methods and systems aimed at reducing the draft of the cargo. ship. An analysis of the prior art makes it possible to single out the following areas of the considered area, which in one way or another solve this problem.

So, the following solutions are used to reduce the precipitation.

A shallow-draft tugboat with high bollard pull and increased maneuverability, due to a twin-screw scheme with the location of propellers with nozzles in tunnels formed in the bottom of the vessel. The rotation of the screws is carried out in different directions (utility model RU 64584, publ. 10.07.2007)

Low-tonnage self-propelled barges with shallow draft (patent for invention RU 2349528, publ. 20.03.2009).

Double-hull inflatable small boats have inflatable sides and an inflatable bottom (patent for invention RU 2591557, publ. 20.07.2016).

Small size hovercraft. To obtain additional pressure of the gas-air jet for a high-speed vessel on a pneumatic flow under the bottom, which has a hull with a propulsion unit, air pressure is created under the bottom of the vessel. The bottom is made of parts placed at different angles, and the bottom itself is equipped with side skegs. Additionally, they are equipped with longitudinal pressure channels made in the form of hollow pipes made of light aluminum alloy (patent for invention RU 2695712, published on July 25, 2019).

Cargo box containing double bottom, double sides, double deck, internal bulkheads and ballast compartments, with built-in self-supporting cargo tanks. Reducing the draft during towing is carried out due to the design of open bunkers, which are separate displacement compartments, made from the outside, along the perimeter of the main body of the caisson (utility model patent RU 161381, publ. 04/20/2016).

A floating craft containing floats in the form of pipes connected by a cargo platform parallel to each other, internally divided into two sealed chambers and equipped with a compressed air system (see Japanese application N 3-32514 dated 07.28.84 according to MKI 5 V63S 1/02). Obtaining a large lifting force by means of displacement floats entails large expenditures of material resources.

A watercraft including housings connected in parallel to each other, equipped with a compressed air system, characterized in that the housings are made leaky in the form of open ends closed at the ends and downwardly located, for example, half-cylinders, while the connections between them are part of the compressed air system. The use of the hydrostatic law of water and compressed air injected into the space between water and the inner surface of unpressurized housings closed from the ends makes it possible to efficiently obtain, with less material resources, labor and time, an adjustable lifting force to change the sediment of both the device itself and the whole complex (application for invention RU 94008626, publ. 27.08.1996).

The use of floating tanks (application CN 201228075, published on April 29, 2009) in a vessel traffic control device. The tanks are located on both sides of the hull interior and are driven by a hydraulic oil cylinder to protrude from both sides of the hull, or mounted inside the hull to change draft.

Haihe large-tonnage straight transport vessel with bow lifting and lowering device (CN 200957882, public 10.10.2007), The draft adjustment device of the ship is complex in structure, high cost and inconvenient handling, and is also difficult to directly apply to ordinary ships.

Vessels with flat bottom contours. Such vessels have the smallest draft and higher carrying capacity compared to other vessels (Eurasian patent 01 1938, publ. 30.06.2009), but it is impossible to use them on shallow inland rivers.

Long wide monohull vessel for container transport on inland rivers. Includes a curved nose. Integrated bow and stern thrusters can provide increased safety, control, speed, maneuverability, and zero turn radius capability. An electric propulsion system in combination with traction motors and aft beam arrangement can provide high power while maintaining low-thrust capability and flexibility in the design of the load compartment (application WO 2018081574, publ. 03.05.2018).

Suspension of pontoons to the hull of the transported vessel (patent for invention RU 2582562, published 04/27/2016). The lifting force is created by preheating the pontoons to the desired draft, then after the completion of the installation work to fasten the pontoons between themselves and the ship, the water from the pontoons is pumped out by pumps or blown with compressed air. Most of the installation work is done manually, with constant divers' involvement, in difficult and unsafe environments and is time consuming.

The transportation of a loaded or unloaded cargo or passenger vessel through a water space, the depth of which is less than the draft of the vessel, is impossible using the listed known solutions. It is necessary to develop special technical systems and tools.

The closest to the claimed invention in terms of the problem to be solved and the number of similar features is a system for adjusting the draft of a vessel for passage through shallow water, the water depth of which is less than the draft of the vessel, in particular along the canal (patent DE4417322, publ. 23.11.1995). This solution was chosen as the closest analogue. A sealing unit is attached to the bottom of the vessel to exert an excess pressure on the bottom of the vessel that exceeds the water pressure of the channel, while the excess pressure between the bottom of the vessel and the channel bed raises the vessel to the corresponding height of the water column and thereby allows transportation along the channel. The sealing unit consists essentially of a suction strip on the bottom of the ship, with an integrated suction line that is connected to the gas-liquid pump, and at least one suction air hose, which is also connected to the gas-liquid pump, with a sealing the strip that contacts the channel during the transport of the vessel.

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is that such a system can only be used for passage in artificial canals, and in conditions of a limited depth of the fairway in shallow water, this leads to the need to reduce the estimated draft of the vessel and, inevitably, loss of its carrying capacity. In addition, this technical solution is difficult in practical implementation.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the operational capabilities of a cargo ship for transportation in shallow water.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the system for regulating the draft of a vessel for passage through shallow water, including a sealed container with a gaseous working fluid, connected by means of pipelines with a pump for pumping and regulating the pressure of a gaseous working fluid in the container, depending on the depth of the waterway, a new is that a balloon is used as a sealed container, which is equipped with a device for controlling the lifting force of the balloon, and as a working medium - helium, hydrogen or hot air.

The use of an aerostat with a device for controlling its lifting force makes it possible to ensure a change in draft, simplify the design and control a change in lifting force, increase its carrying capacity, and favorably influence the development of transportation along shallow inland rivers.

The drawing schematically shows the claimed device, where: 1 - a ship, 2 - a balloon A cargo ship for transporting hydrocarbons from the production site along inland rivers includes a draft control system, which is a sealed container with a gaseous working fluid, connected by means of pipelines to a pump for injection and regulation pressure of the gaseous working fluid in the container, depending on the depth of the waterway. The sealed container is a balloon, which is equipped with a lifting force control device in the form of a drain and filling valve. In existing balloons, their carrying capacity depends entirely on the parameters of the lifting force of the carrier gas and its amount located in the inner volume of the shell-shell of the given balloon. You can use helium as a working fluid - associated gas released during the extraction of hydrocarbons. In addition to helium, you can use hydrogen or heated atmospheric air, pumped, for example, from ground tanks to create aerostatic lift. For example, under normal atmospheric conditions, one cubic meter of hydrogen has a lifting force of 1.2 kg and helium 1.05 kg. Changes in temperature weather conditions (sun or cold) affect the control of the balloon. When helium is heated, for example, to 100 ° C, the lifting force of its cubic meter increases to 1.37 kg, and when it cools, it falls sharply accordingly (see the book by Yu. Boyko, V. Turyan. The Blue Dream of Mankind. M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1991, p. 45), so it is necessary to take into account the temperature regime.

The invention makes it possible to carry out an accelerated and effective change in the draft of the vessel when passing through shallow water. To do this, calculate the amount of gas and its temperature required to achieve the required draft and fill it with a balloon 2, which ensures the lifting of the vessel 1 by aerostatic force and reduces the draft. Lowering the vessel and increasing the draft is carried out by venting gas into the atmosphere and reducing the aerostatic force. When a cargo ship moves, in addition to the buoyancy force, a lifting force arises, which contributes to navigating the ship in shallow water.

The project with a balloon is able to solve not only the problems of delivering goods to the region, but also radically change the transport system and the very approach that has developed in the logistics of the northern territories, and give a powerful economic impetus to the development of the Far North.

Claims (1)

A system for regulating the draft of a vessel for passage in shallow water, including a sealed container with a gaseous working fluid, connected by means of pipelines to a pump for pumping and regulating the pressure of a gaseous working fluid in the container depending on the depth of the waterway, characterized in that a balloon is used as a sealed container, which is equipped with a device for controlling the lifting force of the balloon, and as a working medium - helium, hydrogen or heated air.

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