CN1044991C - Flying fish type waterborne craft hull - Google Patents

Abstract

A flying fish type overwater vehicle ship hull has the characteristics that the front part of the ship body comprises two equilateral triangles, and the rear part of the ship body is a plane ship bottom composed of rectangles. The vertical and concave base plane is provided with one or a plurality of surging diversion facilities, wherein the facilities penetrate from the ship head to the ship bottom and are parallel to the middle axle line of the ship bottom, and the top line of the facilities has a pitch angle of which the front is low and the back is high. Two shipboards are respectively provided with wave-pressing splash-preventing facilities, and the wave-pressing splash-preventing facilities are inlaid on the surface of the shipboards or embedded into the shipboards and integrate with the shipboards. The ship body uses the self movement to stir the hydrodynamic buoyancy force to load the total weight, can meet the requirements of ships with various tonnage, can fully break away the resistance force of water, and can increase the sailing velocity; the sailing direction and transverse direction of the ship body are stable, and the ship body has favorable maneuverability, seaworthiness and seakeeping qualities.

Description

The navigation unit by water hull

The invention belongs to a kind of instrument that is used for the water transportation transportation, particularly a kind of navigation unit by water hull.

The vehicle that are used for the water route transportation at present are that various ships and light boats have:

1) displacement boat, with deadweight of Archimedes's buoyancy load and load-carrying, stability better can satisfy the demand of various tonnages.But absorb water darker, and the bigger drinking water of tonnage darker (seeing accompanying drawing 10-1).The density of water is about 10 of density of air ³Doubly (836 times of ≈).Water resistance suffered during motion of ship is directly proportional with its density, and wave making resistance is directly proportional with 6 powers of kinematic velocity, and therefore, this class ship energy consumption is big, is difficult to improve its speed of a ship or plane.CN1036734A proposes a kind of flow field ship stern, under certain condition, can improve the navigation ability, improve navigation thrust, compare some advantage with corresponding displacement ship, but its performance also has the big weakness of displacement boat water resistance when advancing within the framework of displacement boat.

2) the existing hydrofoil boat of having broken away from most of water resistance, it is by hydrofoil supporting gross weight (seeing accompanying drawing 10-2).For small watercraft, its certain advantage is arranged, for example, water resistance is little, and the speed of a ship or plane improves.But its lifting surface distributes, and manoevreability, road-holding property that makes it or the like all has bigger limitation.The lifting surface of hydrofoil is little, and the limitation of tonnage is apparent.Because the limitation of hydrofoil supporting structure intensity, the speed of a ship or plane also is subjected to bigger restriction.In addition, hydrofoil boat is difficult in high sea on an even keel.

3) the existing ship that utilizes water surface effect is an example with the air cushion vehicle, though they put dewatered big resistance, can not use the big buoyancy load-carrying of moving water, and with the dynamic air cushion load-carrying (see Figure 10-3) of density much smaller than water.Therefore, tonnage just is subjected to bigger limitation, and, needing the high-power dynamic air cushion that forms, energy consumption is bigger; This class ship wind-proof and wave-proof poor-performing.

4) existing glider.Though this class ship has used hydrodynamic(al) buoyancy load its partly or entirely deadweight and load-carrying, when sliding the boat attitude drinking water more shallow, thereby the dewatered resistance of major part ground pendulum.But in order to improve stable, the horizontal stable and maneuvering performance in self course, adopted the hull of bench section at the bottom of the V-type, seen accompanying drawing 11; Wherein Figure 11-1 is the glider back view, and 11-2 is a upward view, and 11-3 is a lateral plan.Like this, its wetted area increases, and causes frictional resistance to increase; And hull bow lift is big, and stern lift is less than normal.So, cause bigger tail inclination angle, make the first place of the ship water surface gush high the increase and resistance heightens.The shakiness that tosses about in the waves, wind-proof and wave-proof poor performance (Figure 14-1); Be not suitable in the shallow water river course that The turbulent river crashes its way through He on the rough waters, navigating by water.Some other improved type glider, for example US Patent 5265554,5016552, and 4722294,5231949 etc., they generally have to a certain degree shallow V-type or the dark V-type hull bottom of part, and some advantage is arranged.But its performance still within the framework of general glider, is improved little; Especially, such hull layout is still responsive to Wave Response, and the wind-proof and wave-proof performance is not good.

5) existing extra large cutter ship, it is a kind of of glider, at the speed of a ship or plane and wind-proof and wave-proof aspect of performance, has to be better than general glider part.But it adopts simple triangle catamaran hull, and its course stability is poor, and road-holding property, navigability are not good, also has the general glider of bench section hull at the bottom of the V-type in this respect less than employing.

In order to solve the weak point of the various vehicle that are used for the water route transportation in the above-mentioned prior art, the invention provides a kind of navigation unit by water hull of novelty.This navigation unit by water hull spatters stream facility (5) and cabin and superstructure by hull bottom (1), ship side (2), deck (3), the parallel works of surging (4) and the resistance of pressure wave to be formed.(from Fig. 1 each figure up to Fig. 9-4, for the deck level of hull of the present invention with the lower part)

Accompanying drawing 1 is the lateral plan of navigation unit by water hull, wherein, and (1)-hull bottom, (2)-ship side, (3)-and the deck, (the 4)-parallel works of surging, (5)-press the wave resistance to spatter the stream facility, the top line of the α-parallel works of surging is to the inclination angle on hull bottom plane, and the inclination angle of stream facility to the hull bottom plane, θ are spattered in β-pressure wave resistance ₁The hull bottom plane was to the angle of attack of horizontal surface when-hull was static, the radius of curvature of R-bow end.

Accompanying drawing 2 is the upward view of hull, wherein the 2r-bottom width of parallel works of surging.

Accompanying drawing 3 is the hull front elevation, wherein, (5)-press the wave resistance to spatter the stream facility, the surface of recessed ship side (2) and ship side (2) are integral.

Accompanying drawing 4 is the back view of hull, wherein, (5)-press the wave resistance to spatter the stream facility, the surface of recessed ship side (2) becomes-body with ship side (2).

Accompanying drawing 4-1 is embedded in the lip-deep navigation unit by water hull of ship side (2) front elevation for pressing the wave resistance to spatter stream facility (5).

Accompanying drawing 4-2 is embedded in the lip-deep navigation unit by water hull of ship side (2) back view for pressing the wave resistance to spatter stream facility (5).

The hydrodynamic force flow field schematic rear view that accompanying drawing 4-3 evokes for the hull on the go, wherein, the vertical arrow additional lift that parallel works provides of representing to surge, intilted two arrows of symmetry represent to press the wave resistance to spatter the subsidiary load that the stream facility provides.

Accompanying drawing 5 is the plane figure scheme drawing of the hull bottom (1) of navigation unit by water hull, wherein, the length overall of 2a-hull bottom (1), the width of 2b-hull bottom (1), the length of side that S-hull bottom (1) gable two is equilateral, the mid point of O-hull bottom (1) axis, it is the X-axis of the origin of coordinates that OX-drops on the axis with the O point, and OZ-is perpendicular to the Z axle of OX, the projection of l-S on the OX axle, the length of t-hull bottom (1) rectangle part on the OX direction, O ₁The centre of buoyancy coordinate of-hydrodynamic(al) buoyancy, O ₂The areal coordinates of-aircraft gross weight; Therefore, O ₁, O ₂Self-position and mutual alignment can move with the variation of the change of load-carrying and aircraft boat attitude.

Accompanying drawing 6-1 is the navigation unit by water hull side view that two parallel works of surging are set.

Accompanying drawing 6-2 is the hull upward view.

Accompanying drawing 6-3 is the hull front elevation, wherein, (5)-press the wave resistance to spatter the stream facility, recessed ship side (2) surface and ship side (2) are integral.

Accompanying drawing 6-4 is the hull back view, wherein, (5)-press the wave resistance to spatter the stream facility, recessed ship side (2) surface and ship side (2) are integral.

Accompanying drawing 6-5 is embedded in the lip-deep navigation unit by water hull of ship side front elevation for pressing the wave resistance to spatter the stream facility.

Accompanying drawing 6-6 is embedded in the lip-deep navigation unit by water hull of ship side back view for pressing the wave resistance to spatter the stream facility.

Accompanying drawing 6-7 is provided with the hydrodynamic force flow field schematic rear view that the navigation unit by water hull on the go of two parallel works of surging evokes, wherein, the vertical two arrows additional lift that parallel works provides of representing to surge, intilted two arrows of symmetry represent to press the wave resistance to spatter the subsidiary load that the stream facility provides.

Accompanying drawing 7-1 is the navigation unit by water hull upward view that three parallel works of surging are set.

Accompanying drawing 7-2 is provided with the hydrodynamic force flow field schematic rear view that the navigation unit by water hull on the go of three parallel works of surging evokes, wherein, the vertical three arrows additional lift that parallel works provides of representing to surge, intilted two arrows of symmetry represent to press the wave resistance to spatter the subsidiary load that the stream facility provides.

Accompanying drawing 8-1 is for being provided with the surge navigation unit by water hull upward view of parallel works of big width.

Accompanying drawing 8-2 is for being provided with the surge navigation unit by water hull front elevation of parallel works of big width.

Accompanying drawing 8-3 is for being provided with the surge navigation unit by water hull back view of parallel works of big width.

Accompanying drawing 8-4 is for being provided with the big width hydrodynamic force flow field schematic rear view that the navigation unit by water hull on the go of parallel works evokes of surging, the wherein symmetrical two outward-dipping arrows subsidiary load that parallel works provides of representing to surge, intilted two arrows of bilateral symmetry represent to press the wave resistance to spatter the subsidiary load that the stream facility provides.

Accompanying drawing 9-1 is provided with the surge navigation unit by water hull upward view of parallel works of big width.

Accompanying drawing 9-2 is provided with the surge navigation unit by water hull front elevation of parallel works of big width.

Accompanying drawing 9-3 is provided with the surge navigation unit by water hull back view of parallel works of big width.

Accompanying drawing 9-4 is provided with the big width hydrodynamic force flow field schematic rear view that the navigation unit by water hull on the go of parallel works evokes of surging, wherein, intilted two arrows of the inside symmetry subsidiary load that parallel works provides of representing to surge, the outside intilted two arrows of symmetry represent to press the wave resistance to spatter the subsidiary load that the stream facility provides.

Accompanying drawing 10-1 is the underway drinking water scheme drawing of displacement boat, wherein, and (7)-hull.

Accompanying drawing 10-2 is a hydrofoil boat navigation scheme drawing, wherein, and (7)-hull, (8)-hydrofoil.

Accompanying drawing 10-3 is an air cushion vehicle navigation scheme drawing, wherein, and (7)-hull, (9)-caisson feed supple sirts.

Accompanying drawing 11-1 is for adopting the glider back view of bench section hull at the bottom of the V-type.

Accompanying drawing 11-2 is the hull upward view.

Accompanying drawing 11-3 is the hull lateral plan.

Accompanying drawing 12 is a navigation unit by water hull dynamic equilibrium scheme drawing under sail, wherein, and L-hydrodynamic(al) buoyancy, W ₁-hull mass, W ₂-load-carrying, F-total thrust, R _T-total drag, O ₁The position, centre of buoyancy of-hydrodynamic(al) buoyancy, O ₂The center-of-gravity position of-aircraft gross weight.

Figure 13 is the navigation unit by water hull subsidiary load schematic side view that parallel works provides of surging in the hydrodynamic force flow field that navigation the time evokes, wherein, the top line of the α-parallel works of surging is to the inclination angle on hull bottom plane, L ₀The additional lift that-parallel works of surging provides, F ₀-additional thrust.

Figure 14-1 is for having the boat attitude scheme drawing of glider in stormy waves of general hull, and wherein, the arrow indication is the course of advancing.

Navigation unit by water the boat attitude scheme drawing in stormy waves of Figure 14-2 for having hull feature of the present invention, wherein, the arrow indication is the course of advancing.

Figure 15,16,17 are respectively the parallel works bench section top junction composition of surging in the navigation unit by water hull, and wherein Figure 15 is arc top (10), Figure 16 is inverted V-shaped top (11), the top (12) that three arch segmental arcs that height and bilateral symmetry were lower in the middle of Figure 17 served as reasons are formed.

Figure 18 is elevation profile (13) scheme drawing of parallel works of surging, and its top line is low early and high after.

Figure 19 spatters one of the bench section of stream facility (14) for the resistance of pressure wave.

The characteristics of the following part in navigation unit by water deck in ship structure recited above plane are: Hull bottom (1) is the anterior isosceles triangle that is, the rear portion is the plane ship that rectangle forms The end (seeing accompanying drawing 5). Sky between the bottom surface of vertical recessed hull bottom (1) and deck (3) Between in be provided with one or more parallel works (4) of surging, this facility (4) is from bow Extend through stern always, its bottom surface longitudinal axis be parallel to hull bottom (1) the axis (if The parallel works of surging is set, then the axis of its bottom surface longitudinal axis and hull bottom (1) Overlap), the top in its cross section is arc (10), or is inverted V-shaped (11), Or by central height three lower arch segmental arcs of both sides symmetry form (12), vertical The top line of section (13) is low early and high after with the inclination angle. Below the deck in ship structure (3), Above two ship sides (2) of hull bottom (1) are provided with presses the wave resistance to spatter stream facility (5), should Press the wave resistance to spatter stream facility (5) for low early and high after baffle plate with certain inclination angle, can inlay Be embedded on ship side (2) surface and (see accompanying drawing 4-1,4-2,6-5,6-6), also can recessed ship side (2) surface and ship side (2) be integral and (see accompanying drawing 6-4,6-3, Fig. 3, Fig. 4). The navigation unit by water hull of this structure, Can evoke hydrodynamic force flow field and the hydrodynamic force distribution of designing requirement in the forward travel (sees attached Fig. 4-3, accompanying drawing 6-7, accompanying drawing 7-2, accompanying drawing 8-4, accompanying drawing 13, attached Fig. 9-4); Thereby make ROV can break away to greatest extent the big resistance of water, improve Its speed of a ship or plane; The hydrodynamic(al) buoyancy that can fully use displacement to evoke is again simultaneously loaded certainly Weigh and load-carrying, reach the demand that satisfies various tonnages; And have good course-stability, Lateral stability, good mobility, maneuverability, airworthiness; At the wind and wave resistance aspect of performance Also be better than existing all kinds of ships and light boats, can in stormy waves, reach overcritical boat attitude and reposefully broken Wave navigation (seeing accompanying drawing 14-2).

The objective of the invention is to realize by following proposal:

Navigation unit by water hull provided by the invention mainly spatters stream facility (5) by parallel works of surging (4) in the space between hull bottom (1), ship side (2), deck (3), vertical recessed hull bottom (1) and deck (3) and the pressure wave resistance that is arranged on two ship sides, and cabin and superstructure are formed; Accompanying drawing 1 is the lateral plan of navigation unit by water deck in ship structure of the present invention plane with the lower part, and accompanying drawing 2 is its upward view, and accompanying drawing 3 is its front elevation, and Fig. 4 is its back view; Wherein the stream facility is spattered in (1)-hull bottom, (2)-ship side, (3)-deck, (the 4)-parallel works of surging, the resistance of (5)-pressure wave.Known that by Fig. 2 the front portion that is shaped as of hull bottom (1) is two equilateral triangles, the rear portion is the combination of rectangle, and 2r is the bottom width of parallel works of surging.Determine that with reference to accompanying drawing 5 the concrete size of hull bottom (1) is as follows:

Origin of coordinates O is located on the axis of hull bottom (1), the O point is the mid point of hull bottom (1) total length 2a, and OX is an axis of ordinate, and OZ is an axis of abscissa; Length of side S such as hull bottom (1) gable two are projected as l on the OX axle, the length of rectangle on the OX direction of principal axis is t, and the width on the OZ direction of principal axis is 2b.Its l, 2b, the concrete size of t is determined it according to designing requirement with reference to formula (1), formula (2): formula (1) is L=2 ρ U ²α ²Psin θ, (L is a hydrodynamic(al) buoyancy),

Wherein, $P=\underset{-a}{\overset{a-i}{\&Integral;}}{T}_1\left(x\right)\mathrm{dx}+\underset{a-i}{\overset{a}{\&Integral;}}{T}_2\left(x\right)\mathrm{dx},T_1\left(x\right)=\underset{-b\left(x\right)}{\overset{b\left(x\right)}{\&Integral;}}p(x,z)\mathrm{dz},$ $p(x,z)=\frac{\mathrm{Ka}}{1-\mathrm{K\&delta;}}\{\frac{\mathrm{Gexp}(-\stackrel{-}{G}x){\cosh k}_0\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="z\; k"\; filenames="C9411484600277.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}{k_{}}+2\underset{a-1}{\overset{s}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\frac{{(-1)}^{n-1}}{C_n^2}[-\sin C_{n}x+$ $k_0{R}_n\cos B_{n}z(B_n\cos C_{n}x-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="k"\; filenames="C9411484600277.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">k</figure-callout>}}_0\sin C_{n}x)+k_0\mathrm{Gb}{J}_n\cos D_{n}z(D_n\cos E_{n}x$ $-k_0\sin E_{n}x\left)\right]\},$ R _n=l/(k ₀ ²+B _n ²)cosB _nb,J _n=l/(k ₀ ²+D _n ²)cosE _n,B _n=GC _n, $\mathrm{\&xi;}=\sqrt{1+{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}^2},$ C _n=(2n-1)π/2,D _n=C _n/b′,E _n=C _n/Gb′,b(x)=bx/l,x=X/α,z=Z/α, $G=\sqrt{(1-\mathrm{K\&delta;})/\mathrm{K\&delta;}}\text{,}$ K=g/U ², $T_2\left(x\right)=\underset{-b}{\overset{b}{\&Integral;}}p(x,z)\mathrm{dz},\mathrm{\&epsiv;}=0.0045.$ G=k ₀/ G, b '=b/ α; Formula (2) is X=M/L, and (X is the centre of buoyancy O of axis mid point O to hydrodynamic(al) buoyancy ₁Between distance)

Wherein, M=2 ρ U ²α ³Nsin θ, $N=\underset{-a}{\overset{a-i}{\&Integral;}}x{T}_1\left(x\right)\mathrm{dx}+\underset{a-i}{\overset{a}{\&Integral;}}x{T}_2\left(X\right)\mathrm{dx};$

ρ-water tightness, the U-speed of a ship or plane, hull bottom is to the angle of attack of horizontal surface, W in θ-motion ₁-hull mass, W ₂-load weight, (x is z) to the moment of hull bottom axis mid point O for the power of the boosting p on the M-hull bottom bottom surface; θ ₁The hull bottom plane was to the angle of attack of horizontal surface when-hull was static, and general desirable about 5 °, also can be according to requirement to the quiet draft of stern end points, factor such as captain and deciding if the center of gravity of aircraft is in more than the total thrust action direction line, does not then need to consider θ ₁0.1≤k ₀≤ 1 (or fixed) by designing requirement, g is an acceleration due to gravity, δ is 1/2 (fixed by designing requirement) of hull tail end immersed depth.When aircraft enter slide the boat attitude after L=W ₁+ W ₂

One or more parallel works (4) of surging is set in the space between vertical recessed hull bottom (1) and deck (3), the parallel works (4) of surging is at the vertical vertical arcs of recesses groove (10) of tapering that has, or recessed inverted v-shaped groove (11), or the Baltimore groove (12) that three lower arch segmental arcs of both sides symmetry are formed by central height.The degree of depth on the vertical recessed hull bottom of this concave groove front end plane is identical with floating line position under the hull quiescence; The darker hull of drinking water during for static state, its recessed degree of depth can be considered to be lower than the floating line position, determines it according to designing requirement.The top line of parallel works (4) of surging is low early and high after to be inclination alpha to the hull bottom plane.

The width 2r of this inclination alpha and parallel works (4) bottom surface of surging, according to designing requirement, determine it with reference to formula (3), formula (4): formula (3) is F ₀=4 ρ U ²α ²Q sin θ sin α, (F ₀The additional thrust that provides for the parallel works of surging),

Wherein, $Q=\frac{H_1\tanh \stackrel{-}{G}}{k_0^2\mathrm{\&xi;}{\cosh k}_{0}b}-k_0\underset{n-1}{\overset{3}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}[{(-1)}^{n-1}{J}_n{H}_2\sin E_n+R_n\frac{H_3}{G}],$ H ₁=4r′+Ak ₀ ², $H_2=\frac{A}{b^{\&prime;}}-\frac{4b^{\&prime;}{r}^{\&prime;}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="C\; n"\; filenames="C9411484600226.png,C9411484600235.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}_n^{}},H_3={\mathrm{AG}}^2-\frac{{4r}^{\&prime;}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="C\; n"\; filenames="C9411484600226.png,C9411484600235.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}_n^{}},$ A=2r ' b ' ²+ 4b ' r ' ²+ 8r ' ³/ 3, r '=r/ α; Formula (4) is L ₀=4 ρ U ²α ²Q sin θ cos α, (L ₀The additional lift that provides for the parallel works of surging).

By Fig. 1,3,4 as can be known, respectively be provided with on two ship sides (2) and press the wave resistance to spatter stream facility (5), it is low early and high after that stream facility (5) is spattered in this pressure wave resistance, runs through the ship side head and the tail hull bottom plane is the β inclination angle, the β angle is the supporting role at α angle, and its concrete number of degrees are determined it according to designing requirement and with reference to the α angle.The floating line position is identical when pressing the wave resistance to spatter nadir that stream facility (5) is positioned at front end with the hull quiescence; The darker hull of drinking water during for static state, its nadir that is positioned at front end can be considered to be lower than the floating line position, determines it according to designing requirement.Pressing the wave resistance to spatter stream facility (5) can be that a vertical low early and high after and horizontal curved or inverted V-shaped or the baffle plate that hangs down oblique (14) downwards are embedded in (Fig. 4-1 on two ship sides (2) surface, 4-2,6-5,6-6), also recessed on (2) relevant position on the quarter, and ship side (2) be integral (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, Fig. 6-3,6-4).

The present invention with hull bottom (1) be designed to by two equilateral triangles and rectangle form flat, and be not designed to the V-type bench section of ramping angle, a corresponding hull shape fine stern is wide, the bow bottom cuts one jiao, be camber line, its radius of curvature is the R (see figure 1), so when sliding the boat attitude, the bow lifting area is very little.When bow enters wave, there the too not big disturbance of bouncing; When continuing by wave, it can produce a little after trimming moment, but the trim by stem moment that lift the caused elimination that this after trimming moment is had the stern of more roomy floor space to produce, so trim is very little.And because of its stem cuts preceding heel (Fig. 1), lower sidewall be bordering on vertically (Fig. 3,4,4-1 4-2), thereby reduces sensitivity to Wave Response significantly, provides an essential condition (accompanying drawing 14-2) for realize its navigation of steadily cleaving in stormy waves.The front portion of hull bottom (1) is designed to two equilateral triangles, helps wind-proof and wave-proof; Rear design is a rectangle, the centre of buoyancy O that then helps increasing the available space of hull and make hydrodynamic(al) buoyancy ₁Suitably reach is so that make O ₁Be in aircraft center of gravity O ₂(when thrust and resistance constitute anti-clockwise moment, see Figure 12 A) slightly or slightly back (when thrust and resistance constitute clockwise moment, seeing Figure 12 B), thereby cause the good angle of attack that slides.

For drag reduction, pushing improves course, lateral stability, is parallel to hull bottom (1) axis, and is vertical recessed and run through hull bottom (1) head and the tail the wide parallel works of surging (4) of one or more 2r is set.When boats and ships advancing, float, reach slide the boat attitude process in, the current that bow is pushed enter the parallel works of surging (4) with part, and flow to stern swimmingly; So the bow place water surface gushes height and is lowered and has reduced resistance greatly.Baseplane (Fig. 2) from hull bottom (1), be equivalent to have the two plates of sliding of 2r width interval, the current that are urged are except that the both sides of pouring into two plates, must some pour in the wide space of centre joint 2r of two plates, gush height and also reduce so pushed to the sidepiece water surface that the current of two sides of a ship cause, thereby reduce energy dissipation and reduce resistance because of the part current pour in the parallel works of surging (4) by hull bottom.The current that pour in the parallel works of surging (4) have not only reduced resistance, but also have produced additional lift and lateral stability moment (Fig. 4-3,6-7, or the like), thereby have increased coursekeeping, lateral stability, have improved maneuvering performance.The low early and high after bevelled of parallel works (4) top of surging causes additional component of force that a part of forward thrust (Figure 13) can be provided, and the speed of a ship or plane is increased.Though triangle two limit sums are greater than the 3rd limit when inverted V-shaped shape (bench section of the parallel works of surging (4) be designed to recessed), the circular arc arc length is greater than diameter (when the bench section of the parallel works of surging (4) is designed to the concave arc shape), that is to say, the parallel works of surging has increased and has soaked area, may cause friction drag to increase; But the additional thrust that provides owing to the setting of the parallel works of surging, under certain conditions, much larger than the friction drag that increases, and the bow place water surface gushes high and the two topside waters surface gush high reduction and reduce resistance significantly.Demonstrate the drag reduction of the parallel works of surging (4), the advantage of pushing.

Three lower arch segmental arcs of height and both sides symmetry were formed (12) (Fig. 9-2,9-3 9-4), and are made its dual-side length sum less than its base width 2r (Fig. 9-4) in the middle of the bench section of the parallel works of surging (4) was designed to; So, when hull enter slide the boat attitude after, current have reduced soaking of its top margin segmental arc along gushing on the both sides and turnup (Fig. 9-4).So, the parallel works of surging is set, has in fact reduced to soak area, thereby reduced friction drag, further improve the speed of a ship or plane.Can consider the beloid certain taper that has is made in the baseplane of the parallel works of surging for the big hull bottom of a: b, but gushing height with the water surface that can reduce by two sides of a ship outside more in tapering is limited to does not among a small circle cause trough inner water to flow out existing turbulent eddy again, through the overtesting checking computations, when being better than the elongated rectangular shape baseplane really, drag reduction, pushing could adopt.

For medium-sized, large ship, many parallel works of surging can be set as required (see accompanying drawing 6-2,6-3,6-4,7-1,7-2, or more), the bigger parallel works of surging of width also can be set (see accompanying drawing 8-1,8-2,8-3), or the parallel works of surging that big width is set (is seen Fig. 9-1,9-2,9-3).For medium and small ships and light boats one, two or three parallel works of surging (Fig. 1,2,3,4,4-1,4-2 can be set; Fig. 6-1,6-2 ..., 6-6; Fig. 7-1,7-2).When being provided with three or more when surging parallel works, respectively the top line of this parallel works of surging (4) can be in full accord to the inclination angle on hull bottom plane, also can be not quite identical; If but the inclination angle is not quite identical, then must be arranged in the parallel works of surging of inclination angle unanimity symmetrically the both sides of hull axis in pairs; In like manner, respectively the width of this parallel works of surging can be in full accord, or not quite identical; If width is not quite identical, then must be arranged in the parallel works of surging of width unanimity symmetrically the both sides of hull axis in pairs.The surge height and the top line inclination angle of parallel works (4) can suitably increase: increase symmetrical parallel in the height and the top line inclination angle of a pair of parallel works of surging (4) of hull bottom axis, can make hull of the present invention have the multihull vehicle performance, but be better than the multihull vehicle of prior art.When the quantity of the parallel works of surging (4) increases height and the top line inclination angle that its bottom surface longitudinal axis coincides with the parallel works of surging (4) of hull bottom axis during for odd number, hull structure then of the present invention has the catamaran performance, but is better than the catamaran of prior art.Because this height not only plays the interval action of two side portions but also be connected both sides very securely with the bigger parallel works of surging in inclination angle, and the additional lift and the additional thrust that can provide prior art catamaran or multihull vehicle on the go not to have, favourable to the speed of a ship or plane and lateral stability.Therefore adopting hull structure of the present invention is desirable with the function that reaches catamaran or multihull vehicle.If adopt two sections of having different angle or multistage broken line to form the top line of the parallel works of surging, then two sections broken line junctions are with the transition of swept-out segmental arc.

In a word, being provided with of the parallel works of surging (4) can reduce resistance greatly, and increases additional lift, thrust; Thereby the raising speed of a ship or plane, and increase coursekeeping, lateral stability, improve its road-holding property, manoevreability, navigability, reduce sensivity to Wave Response.

The present invention on two ship sides (2), be provided with press the wave resistance spatter stream facility (5) (Fig. 1,2,3,4,4-1,4-2, or the like), form the β inclination angle when this facility is extended forward by afterbody gradually downwards, be fixed on two sides of a ship, also can be integral with two sides of a ship on recessed two sides of a ship surface.So wave that rises along two sides of a ship or spatter stream because this presses the wave resistance to spatter the effect of stream facility (5) and turnup (Fig. 4-3 downwards, 6-7, or the like), thereby this has not only reduced sidewall and has soaked the friction drag that area has reduced water, but also produced additional lift, thrust and lateral stability moment.And the visual field release that makes the occupant is spattered the flowing water flower and is disturbed.

Navigation unit by water hull provided by the invention can have disconnected level (Fig. 1, a Fig. 6-1) at afterbody, also can be designed to not have the stream line pattern of disconnected level or other.If afterbody has disconnected level, the semi-rigid or flexible disconnected level streamlined reefer housing of corresponding activity rigidity can be set; With streamlined reefer housing disconnected level is hidden when the low speed draining is navigated by water, streamlined reefer housing enters to slide at hull and packs up after the boat attitude is carried away the water surface, exposes disconnected level; There is the afterbody of disconnected level also can not establish streamlined reefer housing.

Because this hull particularly hydrodynamic force layout in the space between hull bottom (1) and deck (3) causes after trimming moment little, resistance is little, boats and ships is comparatively fast entered slide the boat attitude.For some ships and light boats, can be designed to shallow draft, they can be navigated by water in the shallow water river course, overcome rapid current, cross submerged reef, manoevreability, seakeeping characteristics are good, and course, lateral stability are good, steadily safety.

In sum, navigation unit by water hull provided by the invention adopts the hull bottom (1) of two equilateral triangles and rectangle combination, makes the lift coefficient maximum, soaks area and friction drag for minimum, and the bow lifting area is little, and the stern lifting area is big; Add the setting of the parallel works of surging, make its trim little, the bow place water surface gushes high and two sides of a ship outside water surface gushes high the reduction and reduced resistance significantly, has increased coursekeeping, lateral stability, and has had good road-holding property, manoevreability, navigability; And " response " to wave blunt, can pass wave reposefully, realizes " overcritical " navigation (seeing accompanying drawing 14-2).

Compare with existing all kinds of hulls, navigation unit by water hull on the go can be put anh resistance to greatest extent, thereby increases substantially its speed of a ship or plane; Can satisfy simultaneously the demand of various tonnages again, therefore be much better than displacement hull.The lifting area of navigation unit by water hull bottom and layout thereof can overcome every shortcoming that the hydrofoil lift face of hydrofoil boat and layout and structure thereof cause, can overcome the various weakness that air cushion vehicle brings by dynamic air cushion load gross weight, and the layout and being provided with of parallel works of surging of hull bottom two equilateral triangles and rectangle combination can overcome the shortcoming that general glider hull layout is brought, and can overcome the flat coursekeeping that brings of the simple equicrural triangle of extra large cutter ship, lateral stability, the relatively poor weakness of road-holding property.Therefore, the navigation unit by water hull is better than all kinds of hulls of prior art.The beneficial effect that it has is: navigation unit by water compared with all kinds of ships,, not only the higher speed of a ship or plane can be arranged with under gross weight and the identical energy consumption, and also coursekeeping, lateral stability; And performances such as road-holding property, manoevreability, navigability, wind-proof and wave-proof all are better than conventional ships and light boats.

The hull bottom of hull of the present invention (1) adopt the swept-out segmental arc by the triangle of front portion carry out the transition to the rear portion rectangle (Fig. 2,6-2,7-1,8-1,9-1).Corresponding cabin and superstructure can be set according to different purposes.Deck level there is special operating needs, can makes corresponding plan area layout by purposes.Various features with hull of the present invention is that different model can be built up in the basis, the ships and light boats of various uses.

Embodiment 1: according to each category feature of the present invention and one of design-calculated tourist motorboat:

1) the plane hull bottom (1) that is combined into of two equilateral triangles and rectangle;

2) alow (1) position, axis is provided with the parallel works of surging (4) from the bow to the stern;

3) resistance of pressure wave respectively is set and spatters stream facility (5) on two ship sides (2); 9 meters of hull length overalls, 8 meters of length on water lines, ship is wide 3 meters, and high 2.2 meters (comprising the part that deck (3) is above), drinking water is 0.5 meter under the hull-borne, 3.5 tons of load-carryings, sliding state absorbs water≤0.2 meter down, and the occupant is 14 people, 8.6 tons of gross weights.Referring to accompanying drawing 1,2,3,4.

Embodiment 2: two of each category feature according to the present invention and design-calculated tourist motorboat:

1) the plane hull bottom (1) that combines of two equilateral triangles and rectangle;

2) symmetrical parallel is provided with two parallel works of surging (4) in the hull bottom axis;

3) respectively being provided with one on two ship sides (2) presses the wave resistance to spatter stream facility (5); 5.5 meters of hull length overalls, wide 2.2 meters, high 1.8 meters (comprising the part that the deck is above), and 4.8 meters of length on water lines, occupant 8 people, drinking water is 0.2 meter under the hull-borne, and sliding state absorbs water about 0.1 meter down, 1.5 tons of gross weights.Referring to accompanying drawing 6-1,6-2,6-3,6-4.

Effect: above-mentioned two kinds of tourist motorboats navigate under same consumption energy than existing all kinds of gliders Speed can improve greatly, course-stability, lateral stability, maneuverability, mobility, Airworthiness and wind and wave resistance performance all are better than all kinds of gliders. Because shallow draft makes it not But can be in general sea, inland waterway navigation, and can have rapid current, submerged reef in River, coastal navigation. Energy consumption is low, and the velocity variations controlled range is big, steady during navigation, peace Entirely.

Claims (8)

1. the navigation unit by water hull is made up of hull bottom (1), ship side (2) and deck (3) and cabin and superstructure, and it is characterized in that: hull bottom (1) is that the front portion is that two equilateral triangle rear portions are the plane hull bottom that rectangle is formed; One or more parallel works (4) of surging is set in the space between vertical recessed hull bottom (1) and deck (3), this facility extends through stern from bow always, its bottom surface longitudinal axis symmetrical parallel in the axis of hull bottom (1) (if the parallel works of surging is set, then its bottom surface longitudinal axis overlaps with the axis of hull bottom (1)), the top of its bench section is arc (10), be inverted V-shaped (11) or by central height three lower arch segmental arcs of both sides symmetry are formed (12), the low early and high after inclination angle that has of the top line of its elevation profile (13); Below the deck in ship structure (3), above two ship sides (2) of hull bottom (1) are provided with presses the wave resistance to spatter stream facility (5), the resistance of this pressure wave is spattered stream facility (5) and is the low early and high after baffle plate that has certain inclination angle, can be embedded on ship side (2) surface, also can recessed ship side (2) surface and ship side (2) be integral;

Described hull bottom (1) intermediate cam shape part two equilateral length of side S are according to designing requirement in the size of the projection l on the OX axle, the width 2b of rectangle on length t on the OX direction of principal axis and OZ direction, determine with reference to formula (1), formula (2):

Formula (1) is L=2 ρ U ²α ²Psin θ, (L is a hydrodynamic(al) buoyancy),

Wherein, $P=\underset{-a}{\overset{a-i}{\&Integral;}}{T}_1\left(x\right)\mathrm{dx}+\underset{a-i}{\overset{a}{\&Integral;}}{T}_2\left(x\right)\mathrm{dx},T_1\left(x\right)=\underset{-b\left(x\right)}{\overset{b\left(x\right)}{\&Integral;}}p(x,z)\text{dz,}$ $p(x,z)=\frac{\mathrm{Ka}}{1-\mathrm{K\&delta;}}\{\frac{\mathrm{Gexp}(-\stackrel{-}{G}x){\cosh k}_0\text{z}}{k_0\mathrm{\&xi;}\cosh \stackrel{-}{G}{\cosh k}_{0}b}+2\underset{a-1}{\overset{s}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\frac{{(-1)}^{n-1}}{C_n^2}[-\sin C_{n}x+$ $k_0{R}_n\cos B_{n}z(B_n\cos C_{n}x-k_0\sin C_{n}x)+k_0\mathrm{Gb}{J}_n\cos D_n\text{z(}{D}_n\cos E_n\text{x}$ $-k_0\sin E_{n}x)\&rsqb;\}$ R _n=1/(k ₀ ²+B _n ²)cosB _nb,J _n=1/(k ₀ ²+D _n ²)cosE _n,B _n=GC _n, $\mathrm{\&xi;}=\sqrt{1+{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}^2}$ ,C _n=(2n-1)π/2,D _n=C _n/b′,E _n=C _n/Gb′,b(x)=bx/l,x=X/α,z=Z/α, $G=\sqrt{(1-\mathrm{K\&delta;})/\mathrm{K\&delta;}},$ K=g/U ², $T_2\left(x\right)=\underset{-b}{\overset{b}{\&Integral;}}p(x,z)\mathrm{dz},$ ε=0.0045. G=k ₀/ G, b '=b/ α; Formula (2) is X=M/L, and (X is the centre of buoyancy O of axis mid point O to hydrodynamic(al) buoyancy ₁Between distance)

Wherein, M=2 ρ U ²α ³Nsin θ, $N=\underset{-a}{\overset{a-i}{\&Integral;}}x{T}_1\left(x\right)\mathrm{dx}+\underset{a-i}{\overset{a}{\&Integral;}}x{T}_2\left(x\right)\mathrm{dx};$ Annotate: above-mentioned various be to be based upon: origin of coordinates O is located on hull bottom (1) axis, and the O point is the mid point of hull bottom (1) total length 2a, and OX is an axis of ordinate, and OZ is an axis of abscissa;

ρ is a water tightness, and U is the speed of a ship or plane, and θ is the angle of attack of hull bottom in moving to horizontal surface;

W ₁Be hull mass, W ₂Be load-carrying, aircraft enter slide the boat attitude after L=W ₁+ W ₂

M is that the power of boosting on the hull bottom face is to the moment of axis mid point O;

θ ₁For hull when static the hull bottom plane to the angle of attack of horizontal surface, general desirable about 5 °, as in the design specific (special) requirements being arranged, then according to the permission degree of depth of the quiet drinking water of stern end points, ship length is decided with other factors, if the center of gravity of aircraft is in more than the thrust directional line, does not then need to consider θ ₁

0.1≤k ₀≤ 1 (or fixed) by design, g is an acceleration due to gravity;

δ is 1/2 (fixed by designing requirement) of hull tail end immersed depth.

2. by the described navigation unit by water hull of claim 1, it is characterized in that the described parallel works of surging (4) can be at the vertical vertical arcs of recesses groove (10) that has certain taper, it also can be recessed inverted v-shaped groove (11), or the Baltimore groove (12) that three lower arch segmental arcs of both sides symmetry are formed by central height, it is identical with floating line position under the hull quiescence or be lower than floating line that its Baltimore groove is positioned at the degree of depth of the vertical recessed hull bottom in forward terminal place (1) baseplane.Surging parallel works (4) top line is low early and high after longitudinally is inclination alpha to hull bottom (1) plane, and the bottom width 2r of the α and the parallel works (4) of surging determines it according to designing requirement with reference to formula (3), formula (4): formula (3) is F ₀=4 ρ U ²α ²Qsin θ sin α, (F ₀The additional thrust that provides for the parallel works of surging),

Wherein, $Q=\frac{H_1\tanh \stackrel{-}{G}}{k_0^2\mathrm{\&xi;}{\cosh k}_{0}b}-k_0\underset{n=1}{\overset{3}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}[{(-1)}^{n-1}{J}_n{H}_2\sin E_n+R_n\frac{H_3}{G}],$

H ₁=4r′+Ak ₀ ², $H_2=\frac{A}{b^{\&prime;}}-\frac{4b^{\&prime;}{r}^{\&prime;}}{C_n^2},H_3={\mathrm{AG}}^2-\frac{{4r}^{\&prime;}}{C_n^2},$

A=2r ' b ' ²+ 4b ' r ' ²+ 8r ' ³/ 3, r '=r/ α; Formula (4) is L ₀=4 ρ U ²α ²Qsin θ cos α, (L ₀The additional lift that provides for the parallel works of surging).

3. by the described navigation unit by water hull of claim 1, it is characterized in that the resistance of described pressure wave spatters low early and high after being arranged on two ship sides (2) of stream facility (5), run through ship side (2) head and the tail hull bottom (1) plane is angle of inclination beta, the β angle is the supporting role at α angle, and its concrete number of degrees are determined it according to designing requirement and with reference to the α angle; The floating line position is identical or lower slightly when pressing the wave resistance to spatter nadir that stream facility (5) is positioned at front end with the hull quiescence.

4. by the described navigation unit by water hull of claim 1, it is characterized in that the width of the described parallel works of surging can also the beloid certain taper that has.

5. by the described navigation unit by water hull of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the size that can when the fabricated ship baseplane, adjust s, t, b, make the bow lifting surface little, the rear portion lifting surface is big, and takes the position of propulsive force, the center-of-gravity position O of aircraft gross weight into consideration ₂And the position of total drag, make position, the centre of buoyancy O of hydrodynamic(al) buoyancy ₁Be in the optimum range O when thrust and total drag formation anticlockwise direction moment ₁Be in O ₂Summary before, O when thrust and total drag constitute clockwise moment ₁Be in O ₂Summary after, thereby cause the good angle of attack that slides; The hull afterbody can be designed to disconnected level, also can be designed to not have the stream line pattern of disconnected level or other.

6. by the described navigation unit by water hull of claim 1, it is characterized in that: hull bottom (1) adopts the swept-out segmental arc to be carried out the transition to the rectangle at rear portion by the triangle of front portion; The surge top line of parallel works (4) also can adopt two sections of different angle or multistage broken line to form, and adopt the transition of swept-out segmental arc in the junction of broken line.

7. by the described navigation unit by water hull of claim 1, the height and the top line inclination angle that it is characterized in that the described parallel works of surging (4) can suitably increase: increase symmetrical parallel in the height and the top line inclination angle of a pair of parallel works of surging (4) of hull bottom axis, can make hull of the present invention have the multihull vehicle performance, but be better than the multihull vehicle of prior art; When the quantity of the parallel works of surging (4) increases height and the top line inclination angle that is overlapped in the parallel works of surging (4) on the hull bottom axis during for odd number, hull structure then of the present invention has the catamaran performance, but is better than the catamaran of prior art; Respectively the top line of this parallel works of surging can be in full accord to the inclination angle on hull bottom plane when three or more the parallel works of surging (4) were set, also can be not quite identical; If the inclination angle is not quite identical, then must be arranged on the parallel works of surging of inclination angle unanimity symmetrically the both sides of hull axis in pairs; Respectively the width of this parallel works of surging can be in full accord, or not quite identical; If width is not quite identical, then must be arranged on the parallel works of surging of width unanimity symmetrically the both sides of hull axis in pairs.

8. by the described navigation unit by water hull of claim 1, it is characterized in that: cabin, superstructure that different purposes can be set; Also can make special-purpose plan area layout to deck level; Can build up the ships and light boats of different model, various uses.

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