CA2197422C - Planing vessel - Google Patents

Abstract

A planing vessel, which consists of a hull, propulsion and control system, is offered.
The hull comprises those as follows: a plane bottom is composed of an equicrural triangle ahead and a rectangle behind; two boards; one or more swell guidewaies, whose top lines with inclinations have lower front and higher rear, are set by denting vertically into and lengthwise throughout the bottom and paralleling its centerline; a pair of wave - splash guards are inlaid or dented one into either board as an integral whole the deck, cabin and superstructure are set in accordance with different uses. So the vessel can arouse great e-nough hydrodynamic buoyancy with reasonable distribution to lift itself out of the water faster and enter planing state, can have various fine performances; desirable speed and stability to chop smooth on rough waters in moving.

Description

PLANING VESSEL
Field of the invention This invention relates to boats and ships, more particularly, it pertains to planing vessel Look back of the background art General displacement ship has better stability and can meet the needs of various cargo tonnage. However, it carries more cargo, its hull is more draft, which results in increase of water resistance during ship in moving, that leads to large power consumption. There-fore, increase in its speed and improvement in its performance are difficult.
Hydrofoil craft shakes off a large part of water resistance, its speed is enhanced. But its load carrying capability and seaworthiness are poor.
Surface effect craft, as an example, hovercraft shakes off water resistance, its speed increases. But, it can not use the hydrodynamic buoyancy to support gross weight. Be-sides, the power consumption is large to create dynamic air cushion.
Particularly, its surperiority disappears under a raid of lateral wind.
General planing boat having shallow draft in planing state increases the speed.
Adopting deep - V or shallow - V hull, its course stability and lateral stability are im-proved. But its hull with dihedral angle leads to heighten the water resistance due to in-crease of wetted area of the bottom and splash at both boards. Moreover, its tendency to ride at an angle to the water with the bow up high and the stern low enhances further the water resistance and results in the tendency of bounce and pitching at high speeds or on the rough waters. The certain improved planing boats having shallow - V hulls or partly deep - V bottom have certain merits, for example, U. S. Patent No. 5265554, 5016552, ~231949,4722294,etc. . However,their performances are still to be in the frame of V-bottom planing boats, the improvements are insufficient.
The sea - knife boat is the one of planing boats, its speed and performance to over-come stormy wave are better than general boats. But its hull with a pure triangle plane bottom results in shortage of course stability and manoeuvrability thereof .

Description of the drawings Each figure from Fig. 1 to Fig.16 - 2 expresses only the part of hull structure below the deck of planing vessel provided by the invention.
The vertically upward arrows shown in each corresponding Figure as listed below ex-press additional lifts offered by the swell guidewaies. The arrows symmetrically inclining inward at boards express the additional force offered by the wave- splash guards. The ar-rows symmetrically inclining inward or outward in the space inside both boards express the additional force offered by the swell guidewaies.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation view of a hull of the planing vessel provided by the inven-tion Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of the hull shown in Fig. l Fig. 3 is a front elevation view of the hull of Fig. l Fig.4 is a rear elevation view of the hull of Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 3, both wave - splash guards 5 are dented one into either board 2 as an integral whole Figs. 4 -1 and 4 - 2 are a front and rear elevation views of the hull of Fig.
l respec-tively, where a pair of wave - splash guards 5 are inlaid one into either board 2 surface Fig. 4 - 3 is a rear elevation view of the hydrodynamic flow field aroused by the hull shown in Fig. 1 during the vessel in moving.
Figs. 4 - 4 is a rear elevation view of the flow field while the swell guideway has the f'~ type cross section Figs. 4 - 5 and 4 - 6 are the cross section views of the swell guideway with ~
type cross section , therein h - top height of the section, 2r - width of the base plane of the swell guideway , ~ - arc length of the side , z - arc length of the top .
Fig. 4 - 7 is a base plan view of swell gwideway while the r< r" .
Fig. 5 is a plane layout scheme of the bottom 1.
Figs. 6 - 1, 6 - 2, 6 - 3 and 6 - 4 are respectively the side elevation, bottom plan, front elevation and rear elevation views of the hull with a pair of swell guidewaies 4 and wave - splash guards 5 which dent one into either board 2 as an integral whole Figs. 6 - 5 and 6 - 6 are the front and rear elevation views of the hull of Fig. 6 -1 re-spectively, where a pair of wave - splash guards 5 are inlaid one into either board 2 sur-face.
Figs. 6 - 7 and 6 - 8 are the rear elevation views of the hydrodynamic flow field aroused by the moving hull with a pair of swell guidewaies 4 having n type, ~
type cross section respectively - la-Fig. 7 -1 is a bottom plan view of the hull with three swell guidewaies 4 Fig. 7 - 2 is a rear elevation view of the hydrodynamic flow field aroused by the mov-ing hull with three swell guidewaies having the same inclination and height Figs. 7 - 3 and 7 - 4 are the rear elevation views of flow field aroused by the hull hav-ing three swell guidewaies with dif f erent its own height and inclination.
Figs. 8 -1,8 - 2 and 8 - 3 are respectively the bottom plan view, front and rear ele-vation views of the hull with wider swell guideway Fig. 8 - 4 is a rear elevation view of flow f field aroused by the hull with wider swell guideway during the vessel in moving.
Figs. 9 -1, 9 - 2 and 9 - 3 are respectively the bottom plan view, front and rear ele-vation views of the hull with swell guideway having large width Fig. 9 - 4 is a rear elevation view of the flow field aroused by the moving hull with large width swell guideway.
Fig.10 is a dynamic balance scheme during the vessel in moving.
Fig. ll is a side view of the additional-hydrodynamic force offered by the swell guide-way in the flow field aroused by the hull in moving, therein a - inclination of top line of the swell guideway to the bottom plane, Lo - additional lift, Fo - additional thrust.
Fig. 12 -1 is a sketch map of side view describing the attitude and relation of a plan-ing boat having conventional hull to the ambient rough waters, where the arrow indicates the direction of advance of the boat Fig. 12 - 2 is a sketch map of side view describing the attitude and relation of a plan-ing vessel with the hull having features of this invention to the ambient rough waters.
Figs. l3 -1,13 - 2 and 13 - 3 are, respectively, a side elevation, bottom plan and rear elevation views of the hull with a swell guideway 4 and mobile rigid or semirigid step cover at the stem Figs.14 -1,14 - 2 and 14 - 3 are respectively a side elevation, bottom plan and rear elevation views of the hull with a swell guideway 4 and flexible step cover at the stern Figs.15 - 1,15 - 2 are respectively a bottom plan view, rear elevation view of the hull having a pair of swell gwidewaies 4 and a mobile rigid or semirigid step cover at the stern, the side elevation view of the hull is the same as shown in Fig.13 -1 Figs.16 -1,16 - 2 are, respectively, a bottom plan view, rear elevation view of the hull with a pair of swell guidewaies and a flexible step cover, the side elevation view of the hull is the same as shown in Fig.14 -1.
Fig.17 is a side elevation view of a planing vessel embodying this invention:
Fig. l8 is its .bottom plan view Fig. 19 is a top plan view as seen .approximately from the deck plane of the planing vessel;
- lb -Figs. 20 and 21 are a front and rear elevation views of Fig.17 respectively.
Fig. 22 is a longitudinal section view of the power water - jet propulsion system.
Fig.23 is a side elevation view of a traffic boat pertaining to series of planing vessel designed on the basis of the features of the invention .
Fig.24 is a schematic plan view of the comparison between the turning radius of the planing vessel of this invention (with sharp head) and the turning radius of conventional ship (with blunt head) in turn.
Figs. 25 -1, 25 - 2 , 25 - 3 are respectively a side elevation view, bottom plan view, top plan view as seen approximately from the deck plane of the boat of the invention, which has a pair of swell guidewaies 4 and a water - jet propulsion plant 7 Figs. 25 - 4 , 25 - 6 and 25 - 5 , 25 - 7 are respectively the front and rear elevation views of the boat of Fig. 25 - 1, where in Figs. 25 - 4 , 25 - 5 , the wave -splash guards are dented into the boards, but in Figs. 25 - 6 and 25 - 7 , the guards are inlaid into board surfaces.
Figs. 26 -1, 26 - 2 , 26 - 3 are respectively a side elevation view, bottom plan view, top plan view as seen approximately from the deck plane of the boat adopting one or two outboard motors as propellor Figs. 26 - 4 , 26 - 6 and 26 - 5 , 26 - 7 are respectively the front and rear elevation views of the boat of Fig. 26 - 1, where, in Figs. 26 - 4, 26 - 5, a pair of wave - splash guards are dented one into either board, but in Figs. 26 - 6 and 26 - 7 , the guards are in-laid one into either board surface.
Features of the invention In order to eliminate the drawbacks of the boats and ships in present art mentioned above, and improve the performances of boat and ship, a planing vessel is offered by this invention. The vessel comprises a hull, propulsion and control system, etc. .
The hull consists of a bottom 1, two boards 2 , the deck 3 , one or more swell guide-waies 4 , a pair of wave - splash guards 5 , the cabin and superstructure.
Therein a flat bottom 1 is composed of an equicrural triangle ahead and a rectangle behind.
Denting ver-- lc-tically into and lengthways throughout the bottom, one or more swell guidewaies 4 are set in the space between the bottom 1 and deck 3. Each swell guideway opens downward, for-ward and backward. Its cross section takes ~ or P1 or (1 type, longitudinal section is of (type, whose top line with inclination has lower front and higher rear. The swell guidewaies symmetrically parallel the bottom centerline. If only one swell guideway is set , its base plane centerline coincides with the bottom centerline. A pair of wave - splash guards 5 being the baffles having lower front and higher rear , which forms inclination, are symmetrically inlaid or dented one into either board 2 as an integral whole below the deck 3 above the bottom 1. The hull having these structures as mentioned here can arouse the hydrodynamic flow field and corresponding great enough hydrodynamic buoyancy with reasonable distribution as designed during the vessel in moving. That makes the hull shake off water resistance to heighten its own speed, at the same time, use the hydrodynamic buoyancy aroused to increase the load carrying capability so as to meet the needs of various cargo tonnage, and improve greatly its own various perfornlances in operating, also reach the supercritical operation state to chop smooth on rough waters.
The fore part of the hull below the deck may be designed as: A corner of fore foot is cut with an inclined camber down and backwards from the deck front end to the bottom front end. Above the waterline during the hull in static state, on the both sides of hull centerline, the side wall flares upwards with curve. The fore part of the hull may also be other types.
The stern may have a step. When the vessel is moving in displacement state at low speeds, the step is overspreaded by a step cover which forms a smooth streamline stern end to reduce the water resistance. The cover may be retracted, when the hull has been lifted out of the water and runs in planing state. The step uncovers, hence the speed of the planing vessel increases further. The stern may be designed to be the stepless stream-line or else.
For the planing vessel having the hull with the features of the invention indicated above, a layout of propulsion and control system provided by the invention may be dis-posed as follows : At the rear of the hull, inner side of both boards below the deck 3 , in the space between the deck 3 and waterline during the vessel in planing state , one or more water-jet propulsion plants 7 are positioned near the water surface. The water jets are set at the stern end. The rudders 6 are set off the stern end slightly and one by one corresponded to the jets. Jets and rudders are located above, but near the water surface during the vessel in planing state.
The features of the hull provided by. the invention can display perfect performance in navigating. In addition, the hull with features of the invention may also adopt propellor or other propulsion and control systems. This invention applies to various types of small -sized, middle-sized as well as large-sized boats and ships for different uses.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a planing vessel comprising a hull comprising a bottom, a deck, two sides, wherein said bottom is substantially planar and has an equicrural triangle portion in a front and a rectangle portion at a rear, at least one swell guideway denting upwardly into and extending lengthwise throughout said bottom in a space between said bottom and said deck, said at least one swell guideway having a centerline that is substantially parallel to, or coincides with, or is substantially parallel to and coincides with, a centerline of said bottom, wherein said swell guideway has cross section of a denting shape with an arch top, or with an inverted V-shaped top, or with a top with a center high arch and two half arches placed symmetrically at lower positions on both sides, and a longitudinal-sectional shape with an inclined top line having a lower front and a higher rear, a pair of wave-splash guards on boards below said deck and above said bottom, said guards being inclined baffles with a lower front and a higher rear and being inlaid into boards or dented into boards to form an integrated body, wherein the sizes of said equicrural triangle portion and said rectangle portion are determined in accordance with the following:
setting a coordinate origin O on the bottom centerline, O being a midpoint of overall length 2 a of said bottom, a being half the length of said bottom, OX
axis being the ordinate, OZ axis being the abscissa, wherein X and Z are variables along said OX axis and said OZ axis, respectively, and said equicrural triangle portion has equicrural sides S;
1 being a projection length of said S on said OX axis;
t being a length of said rectangle portion in a direction of said OX axis;
2b being a width of said rectangle portion in a direction of said OZ axis;
sizes of l, t, 2b being determined according to a gross weight W,+W2, speed U
and a planing attack angle 9 of the vessel designed and refernng to expressions (1) and (2) below, said expression (1) being L = 2pUza2Psin9, wherein L is the hydrodynamic buoyancy, wherein P is defined by a-t a b(x) P = J T, (x)dx + JTZ (x)dx, T, (x) = jp(x, z)dz, -a a-t -b(x) wherein Ka G exp(-Gx) cosh ko z 5 (-1) "-' p(x, z) _ + 2~ z ~- sin C" x +
1- KS ko~ cosh G cosh kob "-, C
"
koR" cosB"z(B" cosC"x-ko sinC"x)+koGbJ" cosD"z ( D" cos E" x - ko sin E" x ) wherein R" =1 /(ka + Bn ) cos B" b, J" =1 /(ko + Dn ) cos E" , B" = GC" , = 1+~2, C" _ (2n-1)~c12, D" =C" lb', E" =C" ICTb', b(x)=bxll, x=Xla, z=Zla, G= (1-K8)lKB, K=glUzO
b TZ (x) = Jp(x, z)dz, -b s = 0.0045, G = ka l G, b'= b l a, said expression (2) being X = M l L , wherein X is a distance between the midpoint O of the bottom centerline and a center O) of hydrodynamic buoyancy, a-t a wherein M = 2 pU2a3NsinB, N = jxT, (x)dx + JxT2 (x)dx, -a a-r p being density of water, U being vessel speed, B being an attack angle of said bottom against a horizontal when the vessel is in motion, WI being an own weight of the vessel, WZ being a load weight, and L=Wl+Wz when the vessel is in a planing state, M being a moment of lifting pressure on said bottom with respect to the centerline midpoint O;

9, being an attack angle of said bottom against the horizontal when the vessel is in a static state;
ko being generally greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 1; g being acceleration of gravity, and b being a half depth of the stern end draft.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a planing vessel comprising a hull having a hydrodynamic configuration comprising a bottom, two boards, a deck; wherein said bottom is substantially planar and shaped as an equicrural triangle portion having equicrural sides in a front and a rectangle portion at a back, sizes of said triangle portion and said rectangle portion being determined according to a gross weight and speed of the vessel designed and refernng to expressions (1) and (2) below, at least one swell guideway denting upwardly into and extending lengthwise throughout said bottom in a space between said bottom and said deck, a base centerline of said swell guideway being substantially coincided with or parallel symmetrically to, or coincided with and parallel symmetrically to, the centerline of said bottom, said swell guideway having a cross-section of a denting shape with an arch top, or with an inverted V shaped top, or with a top with a center high arch and two half arches placed symmetrically at lower positions on both sides, and a longitudinal-section with an inclined top line having a lower front and a higher back, and a pair of wave-splash guards on boards below said deck and above said bottom, said guards being inclined baffles with a lower front and a higher back and being inlaid into boards or dented into boards to form an integrated body, wherein the expressions and equations below are based on a coordinate system, whose origin O is at a midpoint of the centerline of said bottom, OX is an ordinate axis coinciding with the centerline of said bottom, OZ is an abscissa axis being perpendicular to said OX axis, X and Z are variables in said coordinate system to express a position of a definite point on said bottom;
the expression (1) is L=2pUZa2P sin 8, in which L is hydrodynamic buoyancy;
p is density of water, U is vessel speed, B is an attack angle of said bottom against a horizontal when the vessel is in motion, a is a half length of said bottom, -4a-P is defined by o-r a box) P = f T, (x)dx + jTz (x)dx, T, (x) = jp(x, z)dz, _n n-r _bcx) wherein Ka G exp(-Gx) cosh k z 5 (-1)"-' p(x, z) _ ° + 2~ ~- sin C x +
1- K8 k°~ cosh G cosh k°b "_, C~ "
koR" cosB"z(B" cosC"x-k° sinC"x)+k°GbJ" cosD"z (D" cos E"x - ko sin E"x) j wherein R" =1 /(ko + Bn ) cos B" b, J" =1 /(kQ + Dn ) cos E" , B" = GC" , = 1+s2, C" =(2n-1)~c12, D" =C" lb', E" =C" lGb', b(x)=bxll, x=Xla, z=Zla, G= (1-K8)lKB, K=glUZ
b TZ (x) = Jp(x, z)dz, -b E = 0.0045, G = k° l G, b'= b l a, wherein 1 is a projection length for a length of said equicrural sides of said triangle portion of said bottom on said OX, t is a length of said rectangle portion of said bottom in a direction of said OX 2b is a width of said rectangle portion of said bottom in a direction of said OZ;
ko is generally in a range of less than or equal to 1 and larger than or equal to 0.1, g is acceleration of gravity, 8 is half depth of a stern end draft;
the expression (2) is X=M/L, wherein X is a distance between the midpoint 0 of the centerline of said bottom and a center Ol of the hydrodynamic buoyancy, wherein a-r a M=2pUza3Nsin9, N= fxT,(xkix+ JxTz(x)dx, -n n-r -4b-M is a moment of a lifting pressure on said bottom with respect to the centerline midpoint O; and p, U, b, a, t, x, T~ (x), TZ (x) are the same as defined in relation to expression ( 1 ).
According to an aspect of the present invention, a planing vessel comprising a system of propulsion and control, a cabin and superstructure, and a hull, the hull comprising two boards, a deck, and a substantially planar bottom having a depression part denting upwardly into and extending lengthwise throughout said bottom in a space between said bottom and said deck, the depression part composed of one or more swell guideways, a base centerline of one of said swell guideways being substantially coincident with a centerline of said bottom, or base centerlines of an even number of said swell guideways being arranged parallel with respect to and symmetrically with respect to the centerline of said bottom, or a centreline of said bottom and base centrelines of an even number of said swell guideways being arranged parallel with respect to and symmetrically with respect to the centreline of said bottom, wherein said bottom has an isosceles triangle portion at a front and a rectangle portion at a rear; each one of said one or more swell guideways has a cross-section of a denting shape with an arch top, or with an inverted V-shaped top, or with a top with a high center arch and two half arches placed symmetrically at lower positions on both sides, and a longitudinal-section with a top line having a lower front and a higher rear; said hull further comprising a pair of wave-splash guards on boards below said deck and above said bottom, said guards being inclined baffles with a lower front and a higher rear and being inlaid into boards or dented into boards to form an integrated body.
- 4c -Description of the preferred embodiment of the invention As shown in Figs. 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , the part below the deck plane of the hull provided by this invention mainly comprises bottom 1, two boards 2 , deck 3 , swell guidewaies 4 , a pair of wave - splash guards 5 .
Bottom 1 consists of an equicrural triangle ahead and a rectangle behind;
referring to Fig.S, the specific size of the bottom 1 is determined as follows:
The coordinate origin O is located at the centerline of bottom 1 and is the midpoint of overall length 2a of bottom 1, OX is the ordinate, OZ is the abscissa L is the projection length of both equilateral length S of the triangle part of bottom 1 on OX
axis, the length of the rectangle part in the direction OX is t , the width in the direction of OZ axis is 2b .
Oz is coordinate ~f centre of the hydrodynamic buoyancy, Oz is coordinate of centre of gravity of the vessel. The specific sizes of 1,2b, t are determined according to the needs of design and referring to the expressions ( 1 ) , (2 ) :
Expression ( 1 ) is L = 2p UZa2P sin6 , ( L is the hydrodynamic buoyancy) , 219'~42z .-, . bw where, p = ~ 1"~ (x) dx + J Ti(x) dx, T ~ (x) = j p(x,z) dz, _. .-, -.w Ka G exp(-Gx) coshkoz p(x,z)= ~ +2~( 1)~ ~ ~-sinC x+
1 -K8 k°~ coshG coshk°b ,_, Cz ~
~
k o R ~ cosB~ z(B~ cosC~x - kasin C~ x) + ko GbJ~ cosD ~ z(D ~ cosE~ x - kosinE~x)~~ , R~ = 1 / (ka + B~)cosB~b, J~ = I l (ko + D~)cosE~, B~ = GC , ~
°~, C~=(2n-1)n12,~ D~=C~lb~, E~=C~lGb', b(x)=bxll, x=Xla, z=Zla, G= (1-Kb)lKb, K=g/U2 , T j (x) _ f p(x,z) dz, a = 0.0045, G = k o l G, b' = b l a, _r Expression (2) is X = M /L, (X is the distance between the point O and the centre O1 of the hydrodynamic buoyancy) e-, .
where , M = 2pU=a'Nsin9, N = J xT~ (x) dx + ~ xTz(x) dx, -. .-t p is density of water U is ship speed 8 is attack angle of the bottom plane against the horizontal during the .vessel in moving ~ WI is its own weight ~ WZ is load weight ~ M
is force moment of lift pressure p ( x , x ) on the bottom plane with respect to the midpoint O of the bottom centerline 81 is attack angle of the bottom plane against the horizontal during the vessel in static state, general, about 5° is taken, it may also be determined by the permissible static draft at the stern end, Hength of the vessel and other factors, if the centre of gravity of the vessel is located above the directed line of the total thrust, then it is needless to consider the 91 ~ 0.1<k o <1 (or determined by the needs of design) ~ g is acceleration of gravity ~ 8 is half depth of the stern end draf t ( determined by the needs of design) . L = Wl + WZ ~ivhen the vessel is in planing state.
In this invention the bottom 1 is designed to be a plane base comprising equicrural tri-angle and rectangle, but not to be V bottom, correspondingly the stem is also sharp, but the stern is wide. A comer of the stem base is cut, which becomes arc, its curvature ra-dius is R (Fig. l ) , so the lift surface of the stem is very small during the vessel in planing 219v4~v state. When the stem enters waves, there is not big slamming disturbances a small force moment of trim by stern may. arise when the vessel continues to cut. through waves. But this force moment of trim by stern is eliminated by the force moment of trim ~by stem, which arises from the large lift surface at the stern, thus the trim is small.
Moreover, at the stem, below deck 3 the fore foot is cut ( Fig. 1 ) , lower part of the boards is nearly vertical (Figs. 3,4,4-1,4 - 2), ,thereby the sensitivity.;respondin~, to the waves is low-ered greatly. An important condition is provided to make the vessel chop smoothly on the rough waters over which it moves ( Fig.12 - 2 ) . The front of bottom 1 is designed as an equicrural triangle, which is beneficial to cut through the rough waters. The rear of bot-tom 1 is designed to be a rectangle, which is advantageous to increase usable space of the hull and to move the centre O1 of, hydrodynamic buoyancy L forward appropriately. That is, considering the locations of the total thrust F and total resistance RT, to make O1 be lo-cated in a best range by regulating the sizes of s , t , b in design. So as to regulate the loca-tion of 02 in operation: when the force moment consisting of the total thrust, total resis-tance and hydrodynamic buoyancy with respect to the centre- 02 of gravity of the vessel has counterclockwise direction, Ol is slightly ahead of 02 (Fig. l0A) s if the force mo-Ament has clockwise direction, Ol is slightly behind (Fig. lOB). Then, a fine planing at-tack angle may be formed during the vessel in moving.
In order to reduce the water resistance, increase the additional lift and thrust and im-prove the various performances during the vessel in operating, one or more swell guide-waies 4 are set by denting vertically into and lengthwise throughout the bottom 1 in the space between deck 3 and bottom 1. Each swell guideway 4 is a groove having the cross section with circle- arc, or triangular, or ~'1- shaped top, and having the ~-shaped longitudinal section. The depth denting vertically into bottom 1 at the front end of the groove is on the waterline during the vessel in static state. For the vessel with deeper draft in static state, the concave depth may be slightly lower than the waterline according as the needs of design. The base centerlines of the grooves parallel symmetrically the bottom centerline. If only one swell guideway 4 is set , its base centerline coincides with the bot-tom centerline ( Figs. l , 2 , 4 , 6 - 2 , 6 - 4 , 7 -1, 7 - 2 ) . The top line of the swell guideway 4 having the lower front and higher rear forms inclination a to bottom 1 (Fig.
1, 2 , Fig.
11).
The inclination a and the width 2r of the base plane of swell guideway 4 are deter-mined in accordance with the needs of design and ref erring to the expressions ( 3 ) , ( 4 ) Expression (3) is Fo =4PUl~Q sing sina . ., (Fo is the additional thrust offered by the.swell guideway) , where, Q = H,tanhG. -k ~~(- I)" ~.I H sinE + R H' kZ~ coshk b °"-~ " ~ " " G ~' ~19'~~~~2 " , H~=4r'+Ako, Hi=~ _4bj ~ Hj-AGx-4i, C C
A = 2r'b'2 + 4b'r'= + 8r'' l 3, r' = r l a..
Expression (4) is Lo.=4pU1a1Q sing cosa ,(Lo is the additional lift offered by the swell guideway) .
In the process of that the hull is lifted out of the water gradually by the strong e-nough hydrodynamic buoyancy aroused by its own motion, and enters planing state; nearby the stem, the water pushed by moving hull should partly enter the swell guideway 4 and flow smooth out of the stern. So the swell height of water surface nearby the stem is low-ered, then the water 'resistance is- correspondingly reduced greatly. Seeing from the base plane of bottom 1: (Fig.2), there are twin planing plates with 2r width interval between them. A part of the pushed water must gush into the space with 2r width, another part gushes to the outside of both plates. Hence, nearby both boards 2 the swell height of the water surface caused by the water pushed to both boards 2 by bottom 1 should lower, be-cause a part of water gushes into the swell guideway 4. Thus the energy loss would lower, as a result , the water resistance is reduced. The water gushing into swell guideway 4 not only reduces the resistance, but also arouses additional lift and force moment of lateral sta-bility ( Figs. 4 - 3 , 6 - 7 , etc. ) . Thereby the course stability, lateral stability and manoeu-vrability of the hull are improved. The top of swell guideway 4 having lower front and higher rear forms inclination a to bottom 1, that makes the additional force offer a part of forward thrust (Fig. ll). It leads to heighten the vessel speed further. As seen from the cross section shown in Figs. 2,3 and 4, the length of concave arc is larger than 2r, that is to say, setting of swell guideway 4 increases the wetted area of bottom 1, so it may lead to increase the frictional resistance. But in fact, selecting appropriately the inclination a of top line, the additional thrust offered by swell guideway 4 is larger than the increased fric-tional resistance greatly. Moreover, lowering the swell height of water surface nearby the stem and both boards 2, the water resistance would reduce greatly. The advantages of swell guideway 4 in reducing resistance, increasing thrust and lift are shown clearly.
Cross section of swell guideway 4 may be designed as f type ( Figs. 9 - 4 , 4 -4 , 4 -, 4 - 6 ) and ~< r (Fig. 4 - 5 ) , then, when the hull enters planing state, the water gush-es upward and rolls along the arc ~ (Fig. 4 - 6 ) , hence the arc r avoids wetting. As such , setting swell guideway 4, in fact, owing to decrease of the wetted area, the frictional re-sistance of water is reduced thus the vessel speed would heighten further. For the bottom 1 with large a: b, the base plane of swell guideway 4 may be made as the shape shown in Fig. 4 - 7. But its taper must be limited in a small range for the purpose of more lowering 219'~~~2~
the swell height of water surface nearby both boards 2 but without emergence of vortex and turbulent flow in the groove. It may be adopted only when reduction of resistance and increase of thrust have advantages over that of a long rectangle base plane through check-ing the computations and experiments.
For middle - sized and large - sized vessel, many swell guidewaies 4 may be set ac-cording to the needs ( Figs. 6 - 2 , 6 - 4 , 7 -1, 7 - 2 , or more ) , or wider, or very wide swell guideway 4 may be set ( Figs. 8 -1, 8 - 2 , 8 - 3 ~ Figs. 9 -1, 9 - 2 , 9 - 3 ) . For mid-dle - sized and small - sized vessel, one , two or three swell guidewaies 4 may be set (Figs.18,20,21,Figs.25-1,~~~,25-7,Figs.26-1,~~~,26-7,Figs.7-1,~~~,7-4).
When twa or more swell guidewaies 4 are set, whose top line inclinations (or heights, widths) may be the same completely ( Figs. 7 - 2 , 6 - 4 , 6 - 6 ) or dif f erent ( Figs. 7 - 3 , 7 -4). Lf the inclinations (or heights, widths) are different, then the swell guidewaies 4 with the same inclination (or height,width) must be paired and located symmetrically at both sides of the hull centerline. The height and inclination of swell guideway 4 may be increased appropriately: Increase of the height and inclination of a pair of swell guidewaies 4 paralleling the hull centerline symmetrically makes the hull of the invention have the performance of mufti - hulled ship , but have the advantages over conventional mufti -hulled ship. When the quantity of swell guideway 4 is odd, increase of the height and in-clination of the swell guideway 4 with base plane centerline coinciding with the bottom centerline makes the hull have the performance of catamaran, and have the advantages over conventional catamaran. Because the swell guideway 4 with larger height and inclina-tion can keep not only apart but also the link of both side hulls firmly, which provides ad-ditional lift and thrust. It is not possible for the present conventional catamaran and mufti - hulled ship in moving. These advantages of the invention are beneficial to increase the vessel speed and stabilities. Therefore, it is acceptable to adopt the hull structure offered by the invention for getting the performance of catamaran or mufti - hulled ship. If two or more broken lines with different inclination are adopted to form the top line of swell guide-way 4, the join of two broken lines is streamlined with arc.
In a few words, setting of swell guideway 4 makes the hull reduce the water resis-tance greatly, moreover, create the additional lift and thrust, hence, heighten its own speed, course stability and lateral stability, also improve its own maneuverability, flexibil-ity and seaworthiness, lower sensitivity responding to cut through rough waters.
Swell guideway 4 offered by .the invention may be independently applied to the partly V - shaped bottom or other shaped bottom. In this case, the a is taken as the inclination of its top line with iespect to the plane of- projection of bottom, but the 8 is taken as the attack angle of the plane of projection of bottom against the horizontal during the vessel in --- . 219 7 ~ ~ ~
moving and the 81 is the attack angle during the vessel in static state. Such being the case, the performance of the, ship, which has adopted the swell guideway, may be partly im-proved, but not perfectly as the plane bottom.
It is known from Figs. l , 3 and 4, a pair of wave - splash guards 5 are set one on ei-ther board 2 fore and aft. The wave-splash guard 5 with lower front and higher rear has an inclination ~3 to bottom 1. ~i is the matching angle of a, its specific degree is determined according to design and refernng to the angle a. The lowest point of front end of the guard 5 is on the waterline during the hull in static state , for the hull with deeper draft in static state, it may be slightly lower than the waterline according to the design. Wave -splash guard 5 may be an arc baffle, ~ type or (~ type baffle inlaid one into either board surf ace ( Figs. 4 -1, 4 - 2 , 6 - 5 , 6 - 6 ) , or dented one into either board 2 at the rel-evant location and formed as an integral whole with board 2 ( Figs. 3 , 4 , 6 -3 , 6 - 4 ) . ~ So the wave and splash rising along both boards 2 roll downward along the surf ace of guard 5 ( Figs. 4 - 3 , 6 - 7 , etc. ) , that not only reduces the wetted area of both boards 2 , thereby decreases water frictional resistance but also creates additional lift and thrust. Besides, the guards 5 may reduce or nearly eliminate the spray or splash interference in the field of vision of passengers during the vessel in operating.
The hull of the planing vessel provided by the invention may have a step at the stern (Figs. l , 6 -1 ) . When the vessel is operating in displacement state. at low speed, the step must be overspreaded by a step cover 6' , then the stern end is streamlined smooth to make water flow out of the stern unhindered, thereby the water resistance at the stern is reduced. When the hull lifts out of the water and enters planing state, step cover 6' is re-tracted, the step is revealed. Now, the race of the hull is separated from the hull behind the step, hence the wetted area of the hull is reduced, so that leads to decrease the resis-tance greatly, and the further increase of vessel speed ensues. The step cover 6' may be rigid, or semirigid, or flexible. The rigid cover is made of thin metal plate, which is stretched out and opened to cover the step by the transmission mechanism when the vessel moves at low speed. When the vessel enters planing state, the cover 6' is retracted, the step is revealed. Semirigid cover 6' is made of rigid metal plate and flexible rubber cloth, the rigid plate is stretched out or retracted by transmission mechanism, but the flexible rubber cloth by compressed air ( Figs.13 -1,13 - 2 ,13 - 3 ,15 -1,15 - 2 ) .
The flexible step cover 6' is made of flexible rubber cloth, which is air - filled and opened: The step is -__..._ ..._._ . _. overspreaded during the..vessel.moving in displacement state. When the vessel enters_ plan-..._ . .
ing state, cover 6' inhales and is retracted, the step is revealed (Figs.14 -1,14 - 2,14 -. 3 ,16 -1;16 --2 ) . For the small -boat with shallow draf t in static state ; step cover 6'- is needless. The stern may be streamlined witlmut step, or other types.

- 2I97~2~
At the fore part of the hull, below deck 3 a corner of fore foot is cut with an inclined camber down and backwards from the deck front end to the bottom front end.
That leads to move the lift surface of bottom 1 backwards, then, the capability of the hull in chop-ping smooth on the rough waters is heightened greatly. Above the waterline during the hull in static state, on the both sides of hull centerline, below deck 3 the side wall flares upwards with curve. This not only widens useful area of deck 3, but also avoids the vessel diving into facing wave. The fore part of the hull may also be other shapes.
For bottom 1, the join between the equicrural triangle and rectangle is streamlined with arc ( Figs. 18 , 25 - 2 , 26 - 2 ) . The corresponding cabin and superstructure may be positioned according to different use. If there is special use for the deck plane, then corre-sponding plane. area layout may be made in accordance with practical needs.
On the basis of the hull with the features of the invention illustrated as before, a kind of propulsion and control system layout is presented as follows: At the hull rear, inner side of both boards 2 below deck 3, in the space between deck 3 and waterline during the ves-sel in planing state, near the water surface one or more water- jet propulsion plants 7 are positioned (Figs.18 ,19, 25 - 2, 25 - 3 ) : water jets 19 are located at the stern end ~ the water inlets 14 are set at the appropriate locations at bottom 1, here the necessary distance between water inlet 14- and swell guideway 4, bow, stern end , both boards 2 must be kept to ensure that the air can not enter water inlet 14. In addition, the loss of water head along the way and for local area in the water entry way 17 (Fig.22) is made to be least. The acceleration of water may be achieved by use of water pump or other way. Cor-responding to water jet one by one, rudders 6 are set away from stern end slightly. The rudder surface is acted by the water - jet flow, which makes the vessel turn, or stop.
Rudders 6 are fixed at stern, their rotating. axis 18 is linked up with steering engine to control rudder 6 in turn. Rudder 6 may also be designed as that it may rise or descend a-long rotating axis 18, that is, rudder 6 may be elevated out of the water -jet flow while it doesn't work, descended and dovetailed with the water- jet flow when the vessel turns or stops. Water jet 19 and corresponding rudder 6 are set above, but near the water surface during the vessel in planing state. For such layout, one of the advantages is that the resis-tance at stern is made to be the least, the other advantages are that the manoeuvrability, flexibility and seaworthiness of -the vessel are heightened greatly. The vessel turns flexibly-on the planing surface; with ,the 'least water resistance and small turning redius (Fig.24) under the acting of turning force moment given by rudder 6. Swell guideway 4 makes the _ hull heighten the lateral stability- in turning with shallow draft.
Therefore, the vessel, particularly small boat-, with .the. features of the. invention may smoothly .navigate_ m_..the., river or sea with deep water, rough waters, as well as shallow water, strong and rapid 219' 42~
current, or with submerged reef.
In so many words speaking, the hull of planing vessel offered by the invention adopts plane bottom 1 consisting of an equicrural triangle ahead and a rectangle behind. That makes the lift coefficient largest, wetted area and corresponding frictional resistance least, lift surface at stem lesser and at stern larger. Accordingly, the trim is small. Besides, the swell guideway 4 makes the swell height of water surface nearby the bow and boards 2 lower, the additional lift and thrust appear. All of these arouse hydrodynamic buoyancy with enough strength and reasonable distribution. That makes the hull rise faster out of the water and begin to planiilg, which can reach desirable speed and has better course sta-bility, lateral stability and fine manoeuvrability, flexibility, seaworthiness. Furthermore, the hull,: which is dull of responding to the wave, can smooth cut through the wave and provide a: safety and comfort ride over rough or choppy water, as well as provide great e-nough load ~ carrying capabilities. Consequently, the vessel of the invention can smooth chop on rough waters and achieve the supercritical operation state (Fig.12 -2) .
Taken altogether, the planing vessel of the invention, using the same power and car-rying equal load, has greatly higher speed than the speeds of displacement ships. Its other performance is also better than theirs. The load carrying capability of the planing vessel offered by the invention is much better than the capabilities of the hydrofoil craft, surface effect craft and existing general planing boats. The other performance of the planing ves-sel of the invention is also better than theirs. Accordin~lv, the hull of planing vessel of the invention has advantages over almost all the hulls of conventional ships, because the hull of the invention is low in power consumption, large in controllable range of change of speed and load carrying capability, and is smooth, safe and flexible in operating.
Industrial applicability Applying example 1. In accordance with features of the invention a tour boat is de-signed ( Figs.17 ,18 ,19 , 20 , 21, 22 ) . The hull has a plane bottom 1 consisting of an e-quicrural triangle and a rectangle. Denting vertically into and lengthwise throughout bot-tom 1, a swell guideway 4 having top line with inclination a is set, the cross section there-of is (1 type , longitudinal section is r~ type , width of its base plane is 2r. A pair of wave- splash guards 5 are dented one into each board. At the stern, a semirigid step cov-er 6' is seta A pair of water- jet propulsion plants 7 are set, whichware-symmetrically par-allel to the hull-centerline. A pair of rudders 6 and power plants 8-are set one by one oorre-sponding to. the water-.jet propulsion plants 7. The jets 19 are_se~at_the_stern end...The.
jets 19 and rudders 6 are located above, but near the water surface during the vessel in planing state: A pair-of water inlets 14 are positioned one on either side-of-the bottom cen-terline. The superstructure 9 is streamlined. In the passenger cabin 12 there are driver v 219'~~22 seat 15, several passenger seats 13. An engine room 11 is positioned in the appropriate lo-cation at the rear of the hull. Two power plants 8 are set in engine room 11.
Water - jet propulsion plant 7 is linked to that of power plant 8. A ceiling 16 is set on superstructure 9, and a ship mast 10 is put in the mid location on ceiling 16. The boat has the perfor-mance of the invention mentioned above.
Example 2. According to the features of the invention ,a boat is designed (Figs. 25 -1, 25 - 2, 25 - 3 , 25 - 4 , 25 - 5 , 25 - 6 , 25 - 7 ) with a plane bottom 1 comprising an e-quicrural triangle and a rectangle. A pair of swell guidewaies 4 are set one on either side of the bottom centerline symmetrically. A pair of wave - splash guards 5 are set one on ei-ther board. Driver seat 15, passenger cabin 12 and seat 13 with five seats are set. A wa-ter- jet propulsion plant 7, power plant 8 and rudder 6 are set in mid location and parallel to the hull centerline. Water inlet 14 is set on the bottom centerline. Jet 19 and rudder 6 are located above, but near the water surface during the vessel in planing state. Wind-shield 20 is set at the stem. Boat is open , mobile ceiling may be set, opening the ceiling for covering the cabin when it is need, taking back the ceiling while it is needless. The draft of this boat is particularly shallow. It may run smooth and safely on the inland rivers or in lakes with shoal.
Example 3. According as features of the invention, adopting layout of the hull shown in example 2, passenger seat 13 with 7 seats is set in passenger cabin 12.
Mono - pro-peller may be adopted, which is set at the stern end with seat 22 of outboard motor. Twin - propeller. may also be set at the stern end with two seats 21 of outboard motors. The outboard motor is taken as propeller, as seen in Figs. 26 -1, 26 - 2 , 26 - 3 , 26 - 4 , 26 - 5 , 26-6,26-7.
On the basis of the hull having features offered by the invention, in accordance with different use, the water- jet propulsion, propellor or other propulsion and control systems may by adopted, corresponding cabin, deck, and superstructure may be positioned. The traffic boat(Fig. 23), salvage vessel, patrol escort and other various type small boats, middling and large, manifold vessels may be designed and builded. They may reach the speed range designed, may also reach high speed designed, may have fine course, lateral stability, seaworthiness, manoeuvrability, may reach supercritical operation state and cut through rough waters smooth in moving (Fig. 12 - 2), and may have fine flexibility in changing direction with small turning radius ( Fig. 24 ) . The performance of the planing vessel having the hull offered by the invention is more better than the that of existing boats and ships.
The planing vessel provided by the invention may directly apply to ship building in-dustry.

Claims (38)

CLAIMS:

1. A planing vessel comprising:
a hull comprising:
a bottom;
a deck;
two sides;
wherein said bottom is substantially planar and has an equicrural triangle portion in a front and a rectangle portion at a rear;
at least one swell guideway denting upwardly into and extending lengthwise throughout said bottom in a space between said bottom and said deck, said at least one swell guideway having a centerline that is substantially parallel to, or coincides with, or is substantially parallel to and coincides with, a centerline of said bottom, wherein said swell guideway has cross section of a denting shape with an arch top, or with an inverted V-shaped top, or with a top with a center high arch and two half arches placed symmetrically at lower positions on both sides, and a longitudinal-sectional shape with an inclined top line having a lower front and a higher rear;
a pair of wave-splash guards on boards below said deck and above said bottom, said guards being inclined baffles with a lower front and a higher rear and being inlaid into boards or dented into boards to form an integrated body;
wherein the sizes of said equicrural triangle portion and said rectangle portion are determined in accordance with the following:
setting a coordinate origin O on the bottom centerline, O being a midpoint of overall length 2 a of said bottom, a being half the length of said bottom, OX
axis being the ordinate, OZ axis being the abscissa, wherein X and Z are variables along said OX axis and said OZ axis, respectively, and said equicrural triangle portion has equicrural sides S;
1 being a projection length of said S on said OX axis;
t being a length of said rectangle portion in a direction of said OX axis;
2b being a width of said rectangle portion in a direction of said OZ axis;

sizes of 1, t, 2b being determined according to a gross weight W1+W2, speed U
and a planing attack angle .theta. of the vessel designed and referring to expressions (1) and (2) below, said expression (1) being L = 2.rho.U2.alpha.2P sin .theta., wherein L is the hydrodynamic buoyancy, wherein P is defined by wherein k0R n cos B n z(B n cos C n x-k0 sin C n x) + k0GbJ n cos D n z (D n cos E n x - k0 sin E n x)]}, wherein R n =1/(k~ + B~) cos B n b, J n = 1/(k~ + D~)cos E n, B n = GC n, .xi. = , C n = (2n-1).pi./2, D n = C n/b', E n = C n/Gb', b(x)=bx/l, x = X/.alpha., z = Z/.alpha., G = , K = g/U2~
.epsilon. = 0.0045, ~ = k0/G, b' = b/.alpha., said expression (2) being X = M / L , wherein X is a distance between the midpoint O of the bottom centerline and a center O1 of hydrodynamic buoyancy, wherein M = 2.rho.U2.alpha.3N sin .theta., .rho. being density of water, U being vessel speed, .theta. being an attack angle of said bottom against a horizontal when the vessel is in motion, W1 being an own weight of the vessel, W2 being a load weight, and L=W1+W2 when the vessel is in a planing state, M being a moment of lifting pressure on said bottom with respect to the centerline midpoint O;
.theta.1 being an attack angle of said bottom against the horizontal when the vessel is in a static state;
k0 being generally greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 1; g being acceleration of gravity, and 8 being a half depth of the stern end draft.

2. A planing vessel according to claim 1 wherein said swell guideway is a groove whose base width is 2r, a concave depth of a front end of said groove denting upwardly into said bottom is at a same level of or lower than a waterline when said hull is in static state; wherein said a and 2r are determined according to the vessel speed U, additional hydrodynamic lift and thrust from said swell guideway of the vessel designed and referring to expressions (3) and (4) below, said expression (3) being F0 = 4.rho.U2.alpha.2Qsin.theta.sin.alpha. , wherein F0 is an additional hydrodynamic thrust provided by said swell guideway, wherein wherein H1 = 4r'+Ak~, wherein A = 2r'b'2 +4b'r'2 +8r'3/3, r' = r/.alpha., and said expression (4) being L0 = 4.rho.U2,.alpha.2Q sin .theta. cos .alpha.
, wherein L0 is the additional hydrodynamic lift provided by said swell guideway.

3. A planning vessel according to claim 1, wherein each of said wave-splash guards has a lower front having a lowest point and a higher back, the lowest point of the front of each of said wave-splash guards being at a same level of or lower than a waterline when said hull is in a static state.

4. A planing vessel according to claim 1, wherein said pair of wave-splash guards are set respectively on boards fore and aft and have lower front and higher rear to form inclination .beta. to said bottom, said .beta. being a matching angle of said .alpha. and a specific degree of said .beta. being determined according to the vessel speed U, additional hydrodynamic lift and thrust of the vessel designed and referring to said .alpha. , the lowest point of the front end of said wave-splash guards being at the same level of or lower than the waterline when said hull is in static state.

5. A planing vessel according to claim 1, wherein a width of a base of said swell guideway in its cross section is constant throughout said bottom.

6. A planning vessel according to claim 1, wherein a width of a base of said swell guideway in its cross section is narrower near a stem of said hull and wider near a stern of said hull.

7. Aplaning vessel according to claim 1, comprising a propulsion and control system comprising one or more water jet propulsion plants, one or more power plants, one or more rudders and one or more water inlets;
one or more water jet propulsion plants being positioned at the rear of said hull near but above a water surface in a space between said deck and a waterline when the vessel is in a planing state, and between inner sides of said boards, each projection of each longitudinal centerline of each of said one or more water jet propulsion plants coinciding or being parallel symmetrically, or coinciding and being parallel symmetrically with the centerline of said bottom of said hull; said one or more water jet propulsion plants having jets positioned at the vessel's stern end;
said one or more rudders being positioned corresponding to said jets and being close to but slightly apart from said jets, said rudders being fixed at said stern, a rotating shaft of each of said rudders being linked up with a steering engine, each of said rudders being able to rise or descend along said rotating shaft, and being elevated out of flow generated by said jets when it is not in use and descended and dovetailed with said flow when the vessel turns or brakes;
said one or more power plants being positioned in an engine room for driving said one or more water jet propulsion plants;
one or more water inlets having a water entry way being provided on said bottom each having a longitudinal centerline coinciding with or symmetrically paralleling, or coinciding with and symmetrically paralleling the centerline of said bottom, said water inlets being positioned on said bottom so that a distance between said water inlets and said swell guideway, vessel's bow, the stern end or said boards is kept far enough to ensure that no air enters into said water inlets when the vessel is in a planing state and that the loss of water head along the water entry way is minimized.

8. A planing vessel according to claim 1, wherein said propulsion and control system is a propeller propulsion and control system.

9. A planing vessel according to claim 1, wherein the stern of said hull has a step or has a stepless streamline.

10. A planing vessel according to claim 1, wherein the joints between said triangular portion and said rectangular portion of said bottom are streamlined.

11. A planing vessel according to claim 9, two or more broken lines with different inclinations form the top line of said swell guideway, wherein the joints between said broken lines are streamlined.

12. A planing vessel according to claim 1, wherein the top of the back of said swell guideway is near said deck.

13. A planing vessel according to claim 1, wherein the top of the rear of said swell guideway, whose base centerline coincides with the centerline of said bottom, is near said deck.

14. A planing vessel according to claim 1, wherein the tops of the rear of a pair of swell guideways, whose base centerlines are parallel symmetrically to the centerline of said bottom, are near said deck.

15. A planing vessel comprising:
a hull having a hydrodynamic configuration comprising:
a bottom;
two boards;
a deck; wherein said bottom is substantially planar and shaped as an equicrural triangle portion having equicrural sides in a front and a rectangle portion at a back, sizes of said triangle portion and said rectangle portion being determined according to a gross weight and speed of the vessel designed and referring to expressions (1) and (2) below;
at least one swell guideway denting upwardly into and extending lengthwise throughout said bottom in a space between said bottom and said deck, a base centerline of said swell guideway being substantially coincided with or parallel symmetrically to, or coincided with and parallel symmetrically to, the centerline of said bottom, said swell guideway having a cross-section of a denting shape with an arch top, or with an inverted V-shaped top, or with a top with a center high arch and two half-arches placed symmetrically at lower positions on both sides, and a longitudinal-section with an inclined top line having a lower front and a higher back; and a pair of wave-splash guards on boards below said deck and above said bottom, said guards being inclined baffles with a lower front and a higher back and being inlaid into boards or dented into boards to form an integrated body;
wherein the expressions and equations below are based on a coordinate system, whose origin O is at a midpoint of the centerline of said bottom, OX is an ordinate axis coinciding with the centerline of said bottom, OZ is an abscissa axis being perpendicular to said OX axis, X and Z are variables in said coordinate system to express a position of a definite point on said bottom;
the expression (1) is L=2.rho.U2a2P sin .theta., in which L is hydrodynamic buoyancy;
.rho. is density of water, U is vessel speed, 8 is an attack angle of said bottom against a horizontal when the vessel is in motion, a is a half length of said bottom, P is defined by wherein k0R n cos B n z(B n cos C n x - k0 sin C n x) + k0GbJ n cos D n z (D n cos E n x - k0 sin E n x)]}, wherein R n = 1/(k~ + B~)cos B n b, J n = 1/(k~ + D~)cos E n, B n = GC n, .xi. = , C n = (2n -1).pi./2, D n = C n/b', E n = C n / Gb', b(x) = bx/l, x = X/.alpha., z = Z/.alpha., G = , K = g/U2 .epsilon. = 0.0045, ~ = k0 / G, b' = b / .alpha., wherein l is a projection length for a length of said equicrural sides of said triangle portion of said bottom on said OX, t is a length of said rectangle portion of said bottom in a direction of said OX 2b is a width of said rectangle portion of said bottom in a direction of said OZ;
k0 is generally in a range of less than or equal to 1 and larger than or equal to 0.1, g is acceleration of gravity, b is half depth of a stern end draft;
the expression (2) is X=M/L, wherein X is a distance between the midpoint 0 of the centerline of said bottom and a center 0 1 of the hydrodynamic buoyancy, wherein M = 2.rho.U2.alpha.3N sin.theta., M is a moment of a lifting pressure on said bottom with respect to the centerline midpoint O; and .rho., U, .delta., a, t, x, T1 (x), T2 (x) are the same as defined in relation to expression (1).

16. A planing vessel according to claim 15, wherein the front end of said top line of said swell guideway denting vertically into said bottom is at a same level of or lower than a waterline when said hull is in a static state; said swell guideway having a longitudinal section with a top line having a lower front and a higher back forming an inclination angle a relative to a plane of said bottom, said a and the width 2r of a base of said swell guideway in its cross-section being determined according to vessel speed, additional hydrodynamic lift and thrust provided by said swell guideway designed and referring to expressions (3) and (4) below:
the expression (3) being F0 =4.rho.U2 a2 Q sin .theta. sin .alpha., in which F
o is an additional hydrodynamic thrust provided by said swell guideway; .rho. is density of water, U is vessel speed, a is a half length of said bottom, .theta. is an attack angle of said bottom against the horizontal when the vessel is in motion, wherein, Q is defined by wherein H1 = 4r'+Ak~, wherein A= 2r'b'2 +4b'r'2 +8r'3 /3, r'= r/.alpha., and k0, .xi., ~, b, b', C n, E n, R n, J n, G are the same as defined in claim 15;
the expression (4) is L0 =4.rho.U2 a2 Q sin .theta. cos .alpha., in which L0 is an additional hydrodynamic lift provided by said swell guideway; .rho., U, a, Q, .alpha. are the same as defined in expression (3).

17. A planing vessel according to claim 15, wherein a lowest point of the front end of each of said wave-splash guards is at substantially the same level of or lower than the waterline when said hull is in a static state.

18. A planing vessel according to claim 15, wherein a width of the base of said swell guideway in its cross section is a constant throughout said bottom.

19. A planing vessel according to claim 15, comprising a propulsion and control system comprising one or more water jet propulsion plants, one or more power plants and one or more rudders;
one or more water jet propulsion plants being positioned at a rear of said hull near but above the water surface in a space between said deck and the waterline when the vessel is in a planing state, and between inner sides of said boards, each projection of each longitudinal centerline of each of said one or more water-jet propulsion plants coinciding or being parallel symmetrically, or coinciding and being parallel symmetrically with the centerline of said bottom of said hull; said one or more water-jet propulsion plants having jets positioned at the vessel's stern end;
said one or more rudders being positioned corresponding to said jets and being close to but slightly apart from said jets, said rudders being fixed at said stem, a rotating shaft of each of said rudders being linked up with a steering engine, each of said rudders being able to rise or descend along said rotating shaft, and being elevated out of a flow generated by said jets when it is not in use and descended and dovetailed with said flow when the vessel turns or brakes;
said one or more power plants being positioned in an engine room for driving said one or more water-jet propulsion plants;
one or more water inlets having a water entry way being provided on said bottom each having a longitudinal centerline coinciding with or symmetrically paralleling, or coinciding with and symmetrically paralleling the centerline of said bottom, said water inlets being positioned on said bottom so that a distance between said water inlets and said swell guideway, the vessel's bow, the stern end or said boards is kept far enough to ensure that no air enters into said water inlets when the vessel is in a planing state and that a loss of water head along the water entry way is minimized.

20. A planing vessel according to claim 15, wherein the stern of said hull has a step.

21. A planing vessel according to claim 15, wherein the stern of said hull has a stepless streamline.

22. A planing vessel according to claim 15, wherein joints between said triangular portion and said rectangular portion of said bottom are streamlined.

23. A planing vessel according to claim 15, wherein the top of the back of said swell guideway, whose base centerline coincides with the centerline of said bottom, is near said deck.

24. A planing vessel according to claim 15, wherein the tops of the back of a pair of swell guideways, whose base centerlines are parallel symmetrically to the centerline of said bottom, are near said deck.

25. A planing vessel according to claim 15, wherein the width of the base of said swell guideway in its cross section is narrower near the stem of said hull and wider near the stern of said hull.

26. A planing vessel comprising:
a system of propulsion and control;
a cabin and superstructure; and a hull, the hull comprising:
two boards;
a deck; and a substantially planar bottom having a depression part denting upwardly into and extending lengthwise throughout said bottom in a space between said bottom and said deck, the depression part composed of one or more swell guideways, a base centerline of one of said swell guideways being substantially coincident with a centerline of said bottom, or base centerlines of an even number of said swell guideways being arranged parallel with respect to and symmetrically with respect to the centerline of said bottom, or a centreline of said bottom and base centrelines of an even number of said swell guideways being arranged parallel with respect to and symmetrically with respect to the centreline of said bottom, wherein said bottom has an isosceles triangle portion at a front and a rectangle portion at a rear; each one of said one or more swell guideways has a cross-section of a denting shape with an arch top, or with an inverted V-shaped top, or with a top with a high center arch and two half-arches placed symmetrically at lower positions on both sides, and a longitudinal-section with a top line having a lower front and a higher rear;
said hull further comprising a pair of wave-splash guards on boards below said deck and above said bottom, said guards being inclined baffles with a lower front and a higher rear and being inlaid into boards or dented into boards to form an integrated body.

27. A planing vessel according to claim 26, wherein sizes of the triangle portion and the rectangle portion of said bottom are determined according to gross weight W and speed U of the vessel designed and referring to expressions (1) and (2) below, wherein the expressions and equations below are based on a co-ordinate system, whose origin O is at a midpoint of the centerline of said bottom, OX is an ordinate axis coinciding with the centerline of said bottom, OZ is an abscissa axis being perpendicular to said OX axis; X
and Z are variables in said co-ordinate system to express a position of a definite point on said bottom;
the expression (1) is L=2.rho.U2.alpha.2 sin .theta., wherein L is hydrodynamic buoyancy, .rho. is density of water, .theta. is an attack angle of said bottom against a horizontal when the vessel is in motion, and a is a half length of said bottom, P is defined by wherein k0R n cos B n z(B n cos C n x - k0 sin C n x) + k0GbJ n cos D n z (D n cos E n x - k0 sin E n x)]}, wherein R n= 1/(k~ + B~)cos B n b, J n = 1/(k~ + D~)cos E n, B n = GC n, , C n = (2n-1).pi./2, D n = C n/b', E n = C n/Gb', b(x) = bx/l, x = X/.alpha., z = Z/.alpha., , K = g/U2~
.epsilon. = 0.0045, ~ = k0/G, b'= b/.alpha., the expression (2) is X = M/L, wherein X is a distance between the midpoint O
of the centerline of said bottom and a center O1 of the hydrodynamic buoyancy, wherein:
M= 2.rho.U2.alpha.3N sin.theta., M is a moment of a lifting pressure on said bottom with respect to the centerline midpoint O;
1 is a projection length for a length of said isosceles sides of said triangle portion of said bottom on said OX axis;
t is a length of said rectangle portion of said bottom in a direction of said OX axis;
2b is a width of said rectangle portion of said bottom in a direction of said OZ axis;
W1 is a net weight of the vessel;
W2 is a load weight carried by the vessel;
L= W1 + W2 when the vessel is in the planing state;
.theta.1 is an attack angle of said bottom against the horizontal when the vessel is in the static state and is about 5 degrees;
k0 is generally in a range of less than or equal to 1 and larger than or equal to 0.1;
g is acceleration of gravity; and .theta. is half depth of the stern end draft.

28. A planing vessel according to claim 26 or 27, wherein a front end of said longitudinal top line of said swell guideway denting vertically into said bottom is at a same level as or lower than a waterline when said hull is in a static state, a top line of longitudinal section of said swell guideway forming an inclination angle .alpha. relative to a plane of said bottom, said angle .alpha. and a width 2r of the base of said swell guideway in its cross-section being determined according to vessel speed U, additional hydrodynamic lift L0 and additional hydrodynamic thrust F0 provided by said swell guideway designed and referring to the expressions (3) and (4) below:

the expression (3) is F0=4.RHO.U2a2Q sin .theta. sin .alpha.; and the expression (4) is L0=4.RHO.U2a2Q sin .theta. cos .alpha., wherein:

a is a half length of said bottom; .theta. is the attack angle of said bottom against the horizontal when the vessel is in motion; and Q is defined by:

wherein

29. A planing vessel according to claim 26, wherein a lowest point of the front end of each of said wave-splash guards is at substantially the same level as or lower than the waterline when said hull is in a static state.

30. A planing vessel according to claim 28, wherein a front end of said longitudinal top line of said swell guideway denting vertically into said bottom is at a same level as or lower than a waterline when said hull is in a static state, a top line of longitudinal section of said swell guideway forming an inclination angle a relative to a plane of said bottom, said angle .alpha. and the width 2r of the base of said swell guideway in its cross-section being determined according to vessel speed U, additional hydrodynamic lift L0 and additional hydrodynamic thrust F0 provided by said swell guideway designed and referring to the expressions (3) and (4) below:

the expression (3) is F0=4.RHO.U2a2Q sin .theta. sin .alpha.; and the expression (4) is L0=4.RHO.U2a2Q sin .theta. cos .alpha., wherein:

a is a half length of said bottom; .theta. is the attack angle of said bottom against the horizontal when the vessel is in motion; and Q is defined by:

wherein wherein a lowest point of the front end of each of said wave-splash guards is at substantially the same level as or lower than the waterline when said hull is in a static state.

31. A planing vessel according to claim 26 or 27, wherein a width of the base of said swell guideway in its cross section is a constant throughout said bottom.

32. A planing vessel according to claim 26 or 27, wherein a width of the base of said swell guideway in its cross section is narrower toward the stem of said hull and wider toward the stern of said hull.

33. A planing vessel according to any one of claims 26 to 32 , wherein said system of propulsion and control comprises one or more water jet propulsion plants, one or more power plants and one or more rudders;
said one or more water jet propulsion plants being positioned at the rear of said hull near but above the water surface in a space between said deck and the waterline when the vessel is in a planing state, and between inner sides of said two boards, a projection of a longitudinal centerline of one of said water jet propulsion plants coinciding with the centerline of said bottom of said hull or the longitudinal centerlines of an even number of said water jet propulsion plants being arranged parallel with respect to and symmetrically with respect to the centerline of said bottom of said hull, or coinciding with the centreline of said bottom of said hull and the longitudinal centrelines of an even number of said water-jet propulsion plants being arranged parallel with respect to and symmetrically with respect to the centreline of said bottom of said hull; said one or more water-jet propulsion plants having jets positioned at the stern of said hull;
said one or more rudders being positioned corresponding to said jets and being close to but slightly apart from said jets, said rudders being fixed at said stern, a rotating shaft of each of said rudders being linked up with a steering engine, each of said rudders being able to rise or descend along said rotating shaft, and being elevated out of flow generated by said jets when it is not in use and descended and dovetailed with said flow when the vessel turns or brakes;
said one or more power plants being positioned in an engine room for driving said one or more water-jet propulsion plants;
one or more water inlets each having a water entry way being provided on said bottom each having a longitudinal centerline coinciding with, or symmetrically paralleling, or coinciding with and symmetrically paralleling the centerline of said bottom, said water inlets being positioned on said bottom so that the distance between said water inlets and said swell guideway, the vessel's bow, the stern end and said boards is kept far enough to ensure that no air enters into said water inlets when the vessel is in a planing state and that the loss of water head along the water entry way is minimized.

34. A planing vessel according any one of claims 26 to 33, wherein said system of propulsion and control is a propeller propulsion and control system.

35. A planing vessel according to any one of claims 26 to 34, wherein the stern of said hull has a step.

36. A planing vessel according to any one of claims 26 to 35, wherein the stern of said hull has a stepless streamline.

37. A planing vessel according to any one of claims 26 to 36, wherein joints between said triangular portion and said rectangular portion of said bottom are streamlined.

38. A planing vessel as claimed in any one of claims 26 to 37, wherein the top of the rear of said swell guideway, whose base centerline coincides with the centerline of said bottom or the tops of the rear of a pair of swell guideways, whose base centerlines are parallel symmetrically to the centerline of said bottom, are near said deck.