JP2683853B2 - Measuring method of ground surface behavior such as slope slip - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ground surface behavior measuring method for measuring slope slips and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Since Japan has many steep terrain and the geology is complex and diverse, in order to safely proceed with the construction near the slope and the embankment, the geological and mechanical characteristics of the ground are It is necessary to thoroughly consider the above in advance and make a clear decision, and to carefully and reasonably observe and analyze the ground behavior at the time of construction and reflect the results in the design and construction.

The measurement of ground surface behavior such as slope slip includes measurement items such as ground surface subsidence, extensometer, underground displacement and inclinometer.

[0004]

Among these measurement items, the most commonly adopted extensometer measurement for measuring the distance between two measuring points is that the direction of slip cannot be specified or both measuring points move. If this happens, there is a problem that movement cannot be detected, and the level and staff are also used for ground subsidence, and there are problems that humans need to enter the slope and it takes time and effort for measurement. Furthermore, there are many problems such as lack of expression method and time consuming method for organizing and analyzing the measured data.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of measuring the behavior of the ground surface such as slope slip which can solve the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art and can be carried out easily and quickly.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention attaches a reflector such as a reflection sheet or a reflection plate, which is a measurement point, to a wooden pile or the like as a measurement of the ground surface of a tunnel wellhead. Leave it at an arbitrary position, and emit light from a light source such as a light emitting diode at the position of this reflector, and the emitted light with no time delay and the reflected light returned by the reflector with a time delay Distance measurement is performed by counting the phase shift between the clocks with a precise clock, and it also has an optical rotary encoder built-in. The horizontal scale and zenith angle are measured by a high-precision electronic rangefinder / angle finder that measures the horizontal angle and zenith angle according to the degree of overlap with the index scale that is marked like this. Recorded in the data collector is a handheld computer that connects to degrees electronic distance measurement and angle measurement Yi,
This data collector is carried and connected to a computer installed in an office or the like to transfer the data to the measurement data processing system of the computer, and the data of each measurement point surface subsidence, ground surface movement, etc. Creating data such as underground displacement and inclinometers in displacement vector diagrams, temporal change diagrams, various distribution maps, and data lists, and using a computer to transfer displacement information such as ground subsidence and ground surface movement to the tunnel. It is necessary to display and plot a vector on any horizontal cross section, vertical cross section, or plane, and to predict the displacement convergence value of data such as ground subsidence and ground surface movement by computer. To do.

[0007]

According to the present invention as set forth in claim 1, it is inexpensive to measure data because the measuring points are reflectors made of a reflecting sheet or a reflecting plate, and it is possible to leave the measuring points installed at a large number of measuring points. If you have good visibility on a slope, you can measure safely without moving the machine. Furthermore, there is no need to go to the measuring points except for the maintenance of the reflector, and it is possible to measure safely, and the data of the ground surface displacement is converted into an electric signal by a high-precision electronic range finder and angle measuring instrument, so that it can be transmitted via the data collector. Data can be directly transferred to a computer in the office, etc., which can be speeded up and three-dimensional data of X, Y, Z of each measuring point can be obtained, so various analyzes can be performed. You can

Further, the behavior information of the ground surface is output in vector display, and the behavior history is easy to understand.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above operation, future prediction of measurement data can be easily performed.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a first embodiment of a method of measuring the behavior of the ground surface such as slope slip in the measurement of the ground surface of a tunnel wellhead of the present invention.

The present invention comprises a slope displacement measuring unit A and a measurement data processing system unit B. The slope displacement measuring unit A will be described first. The slope displacement measuring section A is a measuring point section composed of a reflector 1 made of a reflecting sheet or a reflecting plate, and a high-precision electronic distance measuring and measuring instrument 2 as a measuring section capable of three-dimensional measurement.
And the data collector 3 as the data collection / calculation unit.

When a reflection sheet is used for the reflector 1,
This reflective sheet can be made of the same material used for road traffic signs. When a reflective plate is used, it can be a glass reflective prism such as a mirror or a metallic plate such as aluminum. A reflector is suitable for long-distance use. The reflector 1 is attached to a wooden pile or the like and left on the ground surface, and a measuring point by the reflector 1 is arranged at an arbitrary position.

A commercially available high-precision electronic distance measuring / angle measuring device 2 can be used.
2 is preferred. The high-precision electronic distance measuring / angle measuring device 2 has a light emitting diode built therein, and the light emitting diode is modulated to repeat bright and dark. Then, the light is emitted from the high-precision electronic range finder / angle finder 2, and when it is reflected by the reflector 1 and returned, a time delay corresponding to the reciprocating distance occurs, and the emitted light and the time delay do not have a time delay. Distance measurement is performed by counting the phase shift between the reflected lights having a.

In addition, an optical rotary
With a built-in encoder, the rotary encoder outputs bright and dark signals according to the degree of overlap between the equally graduated main scale and the parallel graduated index scale in parallel,
One second is displayed by interpolating this number. The rotary encoder is mounted on a vertical axis and a horizontal axis, respectively, and measures a horizontal angle and a zenith angle, respectively.

Further, an automatic two-axis compensator for monitoring and automatically correcting the inclination of the measuring machine is built in each of the X-axis and the Y-axis.

The data collector 3 is a 16-bit handheld computer having a liquid crystal display, a keyboard, and a printer. As a device connectable to the high-precision electronic distance measuring / angle measuring instrument 2, a high precision electronic distance measuring / angle measuring instrument is used. It takes in the data from 2 and calculates the coordinate values, records it on a memory card, and displays it. More specifically, regarding the measurement, the measurement data at the distance from the high-precision electronic rangefinder / angle finder 2, the zenith angle, and the horizontal angle are taken in, and the procedure of the measurement work is instructed. Display and print the results. Especially for analysis, coordinate conversion, merging data, editing measurement values (inputting coordinates, deleting measurement points,
Move point numbers). It is also possible to print a file name (work name), copy a file, delete a file, and transfer data to a host computer.

The measurement data processing system section B is the office 6
It is formed in a host computer 5 installed inside or the like, and a floppy disk device 7, an additional hard disk 8, a printer 9, an XY plotter 10, etc. are connected to the host computer 5 as peripheral devices.

The host computer 5 has a coordinate conversion function means for converting from a measurement time coordinate system to an absolute coordinate system for performing the work described later by programming, a measuring point identifying means, and a displacement amount calculating means. .

In this way, the reflector 1 serving as a measuring point is measured by the high-precision electronic distance measuring / angle measuring device 2, the data is recorded on the spot in the data collector 3, and the data collector 3 is carried. By connecting to the host computer 5 installed in the office 6 or the like, the data is transferred to the measurement data processing system of the computer 5.

FIG. 2 shows a flow in the measurement data processing system section B. Measurement data is input to the host computer 5 [step (a)], which is automatic input by the data collector 3. Manual input without connecting the data collector 3 is also possible.

The host computer 5 performs coordinate conversion for converting from the coordinate system during measurement to the absolute coordinate system [step (b)], but the contents are the reference point data (absolute coordinate system) 2 already registered. The parallel movement amount and rotation angle of the coordinate axis for converting from the measurement time coordinate system to the absolute coordinate system are obtained from the same point measured in the measurement time coordinate system. Is used to convert the measurement data from the measurement coordinate system to the absolute coordinate system.

In this case, a reference point 11 composed of a reflector 1 made of a reflection sheet or a reflector is installed as in the measuring point section, and the coordinate value of the position of the reference point 11 in the absolute coordinate system is measured to obtain the value. Is registered in the reference point data file, the registered value of the reference point data file is read [step (b)], and the measurement time coordinate system is converted to the absolute coordinate system.

After setting the measurement point, it is judged whether or not it is the first data [step (c)], and in the case of the initial value data, the coordinate initial value data is registered [step (g)], and Write the initial values of the measurement data to a file (absolute coordinate system) that stores them [step (h)].

If it is not the initial value data at the step (c), the coordinate initial value read from the coordinate initial value data file (data in the absolute coordinate system) is compared with the measurement data (data after conversion to absolute coordinates). Then, if the two points are within a certain distance (for example, 1 m), they are recognized as the same point.

A displacement amount is calculated to obtain a difference from the initial value data [step (e)], and a list of this displacement amount is produced in a data list or various distribution charts and output [step (f)]. ].

A time-dependent change diagram (a graph showing the relationship between the measurement date and time and the amount of displacement) is prepared and output by the XY plotter 10 [step (re)]. FIG. 6 shows an example of a landslide secular change diagram.

Further, the displacement amount is displayed as a displacement vector,
It is also possible to output this with the XY plotter 10 [step (nu)]. As this displacement vector diagram,
Plan view (XY), vertical section (YZ), cross section (X-)
Z) can be selected [Step (ru) (wo)
(Wa)].

When a plan view is designated, the following formula 1 is calculated as the displacement amount as a view projected on the XY plane.

[0029]

(Equation 1)

When a longitudinal section is designated, the following equation 2 is calculated as the displacement amount as a figure projected on the YZ plane.

[0031]

(Equation 2)

When a cross section is designated, the following formula 3 is calculated as the displacement amount as a figure projected on the XZ plane.

[0033]

(Equation 3)

FIGS. 3 to 5 show examples of a plan view, a vertical section and a cross section output as landslide displacement vector diagrams, respectively.

Although not shown, the host computer 5 can also predict the displacement amount convergence value of data such as ground subsidence and ground surface movement. Note that the present invention can be applied to behavior observation of general landslides, retaining walls, etc., other than the case of measuring tunnel wellheads as in the above embodiments.

[0036]

As described above, the method of measuring the ground surface behavior such as the slope slip of the present invention can be performed not only safely and easily and quickly as the measurement of the ground surface of the tunnel well, but also easily and quickly. It is possible to dramatically improve the work efficiency of organizing and analyzing measurement data.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a first embodiment of a method for measuring ground surface behavior such as slope slip of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a flow in a measurement data processing system unit.

FIG. 3 is a plan view output as a displacement vector diagram.

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view output as a displacement vector diagram.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view output as a displacement vector diagram.

FIG. 6 is a landslide temporal change diagram.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Reflector 2 ... High-precision electronic distance measuring / angle-measuring device 3 ... Data collector 4 ... Tunnel well 5 ... Host computer 6 ... Office 7 ... Floppy disk device 8 ... Additional hard disk 9 ... Printer 10 ... XY plotter 11 …Reference point

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Toshitake Sawauchi 1-2-7 Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yoshihiro Inogawa 3-4 Bandai 1-3, Niigata City No. Kashima Construction Co., Ltd., Hokuriku Branch (72) Inventor Takeshi Inaba No. 19-1 Tobita, Chofu-shi, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. Technical Research Institute (56) Reference JP-A-61-25013 (JP, A) JP-A-2-190712 (JP, A) JP-A-59-102116 (JP, A) JP-A-3-189517 (JP, A)

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. As a measurement of the ground surface of a tunnel well, a reflection sheet or a reflection plate serving as a measuring point is attached to a wooden pile or the like and left at an arbitrary position to measure the position of the reflection surface. , Emits light from a light source such as a light emitting diode,
Distance is measured by counting the phase shift between the emitted light with no time delay and the reflected light reflected and returned by the reflector with time delay with a precise clock, and the optical rotary encoder is also used. This is a built-in rotary encoder, and the horizontal angle is determined by the degree of overlap between the main scale with evenly graduated scales and the parallelly scaled index scale.
Measure with a high-precision electronic rangefinder / angle-finder to measure the zenith angle, record the data on the spot to a data collector, which is a handheld computer connected to this high-precision electronic rangefinder / angle-finder, and use this data collector. Transfer the data to a measurement data processing system of the computer by carrying it and connecting it to a computer installed in the office, etc., and measure the displacement information such as subsidence / movement of the ground surface at each measuring point,
A method for measuring the behavior of the ground surface such as slope slips, which is displayed as a vector on any cross section, vertical section, or plane of the tunnel and is visualized. 2. The method for measuring ground surface behavior such as slope slip according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a computer predicts a displacement amount converged value of data such as ground surface subsidence and ground surface movement.