JP2516504B2 - Measuring method of inclination fluctuation - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for measuring inclination variation on a slope slip on a ground surface or a finished surface of a structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a ground inclinometer 1 as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 is used to measure the inclination fluctuation of the ground surface (ground). This ground inclinometer 1 is mounted on a bubble tube base 4 supported by a tripod (main leg 2 and left and right support legs 3) so that a main bubble tube 5 and a sub bubble tube 6 are perpendicular to each other,
The bubble tube base 4 can be tilted by the rotation of a tripod. Two ground inclinometers 1 are mounted on the concrete base 7 in the NS direction and the EW direction (the main landing gear direction is N and Set as E). A rotation degree plate 8 is fixed to the main leg 2, and the inclination angle in the direction of the main bubble tube 5 inclined by the rotation of the main leg 2 can be converted by reading the rotation degree plate 8. The piles 9 are supported so that the fluctuation of the ground around the inclinometer does not directly affect the concrete table 7.

As a general rule, the measurement is carried out once a day by reading the rotation angle of the main landing gear for returning the eccentricity of the bubbles caused by the inclination of the ground to the center. The record is recorded by hand in the measurement notebook.

[0004]

However, in the conventional measuring method using the inclinometer, since the apparatus is large in size, it is expensive to measure a large number of points, and the measuring is time-consuming. Further, it is necessary for a person to enter the measurement point each time for measurement, which is extremely dangerous in the case of measurement such as landslide. Moreover, the measurement of the parallel movement amount, which is equal to or more important than the inclination variation, must rely on another means. In addition to this, there are many problems such as lack of expression method and time consuming for organizing and analyzing measurement data.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate the inconveniences of the above-mentioned conventional examples, to enable simple, quick and safe measurement, to dramatically improve the work efficiency of rearranging and analyzing the measurement data, and to improve the ground surface. An object of the present invention is to provide a tilt fluctuation measuring method that can be applied to not only tilt fluctuation but also tilt fluctuation of a structure or the like.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an object which has a vertical length and a vertical interval which changes the inclination in response to the inclination change of the ground surface or the structure surface. The two reflectors are arranged at arbitrary positions as measuring points, and the respective positions of the two reflectors are measured by a high-precision electronic distance measuring and angle-measuring device, and the position data of the reflectors is calculated with the high precision. Electronic distance measurement
Transferring the data to a data collector, which is a handheld computer connected to a horn, and carrying the data collector to a computer installed in an office or the like to transfer the data to a measurement data processing system of the computer,
The measurement data processing system of this computer is for converting the same reference point data (absolute coordinate system) as two already registered points in the measurement time coordinate system to the conversion from the measurement time coordinate system to the absolute coordinate system. After obtaining the translation amount and rotation angle of the coordinate axis, and using the translation amount and rotation angle obtained in this way, coordinate conversion function means to convert the measurement data from the measurement coordinate system to the absolute coordinate system, and after setting the measurement point, If it is the first data, if it is the initial value data, the coordinate initial value data is registered, and the initial value of the measurement data is written to the file (absolute coordinate system) to save the initial value. If it is not value data, compare the coordinate initial value read from the coordinate initial value data file (data in absolute coordinate system) with the measurement data (data after conversion to absolute coordinates) and
If the points are within a certain distance, it has a measuring point identifying means for recognizing the same point, and a tilt angle calculating means for calculating the tilt angle by obtaining the difference from the initial value data from the measurement data, The gist of the invention is to prepare and output the inclination variation data of each measurement point calculated by the computer into a diagram or a table by the computer.

[0007]

According to the present invention, the measurement of data is inexpensive because the measuring points are two reflectors formed by a reflecting sheet or a reflecting plate, and the measuring points can be left installed at a large number of measuring points. If it is good, you can measure safely without moving the machine. Furthermore, there is no need to go to the measuring point except for the maintenance of the reflector, and the measurement can be performed safely. Data can be directly transferred to a computer in the office, etc., which can be speeded up, and three-dimensional data of X, Y, Z of each measuring point can be obtained, so various analyzes can be performed. it can.

[0008]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment in which the method of measuring inclination variation of the present invention is applied to measurement of variation of the ground surface.

The present invention comprises a slope inclination measuring section A and a measurement data processing system section B. First, the slope inclination measuring section A will be described. The slope inclination measuring unit A includes a measuring point portion 10 where reflectors 11 made of a reflection sheet or a reflecting plate are provided at upper and lower two points, and a high-precision electronic distance measuring / angle measuring device 12 as a measuring unit capable of three-dimensional measurement. By the data collector 13 as a data collection / calculation unit.

This measuring point 10 is provided at an arbitrary position on the ground surface, and for short distances within 100 m from the measuring part, the reflector 11 is provided with a reflection sheet 11a made of a material used for road traffic signs. As shown in FIG. 3, a long rigid object (for example, a prismatic wooden pile 22) is used as an object having a vertical length that changes in response to the inclination change of the ground surface. The reflection sheet 11a is attached as a vertical space. At this time, the wooden piles 22 are fixed to the ground surface with rooting concrete, and the central axes of the upper and lower reflection sheets 11a are aligned with each other.

FIG. 4 shows another example of the measuring point 10 for short distances, in which a reinforcing bar 23 is used instead of a wooden pile. In this case, the iron plate 24 was attached to the reinforcing bar 23 by welding or the like, and the reflection sheet 11a was attached to the iron plate 24.

FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show the case of the measuring point 10 for a long distance of 100 m or more. In this case, an acrylic plate 25 is attached to the wooden pile 22 as shown in FIG. 5, four reflecting plates 11b are provided on the acrylic plate 25, and an iron plate 24 is welded to the reinforcing bar 23 as shown in FIG. Then, the acrylic plate 25 is attached to the iron plate 24, and then the four reflecting plates 11b are further provided thereon. As the reflection plate 11b, a reflection prism made of glass such as a mirror or a reflection plate made of a metal plate such as aluminum can be used.

In addition to the above, various methods such as a method of supporting the reflector 11 with an angle member or the like can be considered for both short distance and long distance.

A commercially available one can be used as the high-precision electronic distance measuring / angle measuring device 12, and the product name of the Sokkisha is 3-D station NE.
T2 is preferred. This high-precision electronic distance measuring and angle measuring device 12
Incorporates a light emitting diode, and the light emitting diode is modulated to repeat light and dark. Then, the light is emitted from the high-precision electronic range finder / angle finder 12, and when it is reflected by the reflector 11 and returned, a time delay corresponding to the reciprocating distance occurs, and the emitted light and the time delay do not have a time delay. Distance measurement is performed by counting the phase shift between the reflected lights having a.

For measuring the angle, an optical rotary
With a built-in encoder, the light and dark signals are output according to the degree of overlap between the main scale with graduated marks at equal intervals of this rotary encoder and the index scale with similarly graduated parallel lines,
One second is displayed by interpolating this number. This rotary encoder is attached to each of the vertical axis and the horizontal axis, and measures the horizontal angle and the zenith angle, respectively.

Further, an automatic two-axis compensator for monitoring and automatically correcting the inclination of the measuring machine on each of the X-axis and the Y-axis is incorporated.

The data collector 13 is a 16-bit handheld computer having a liquid crystal display unit, a keyboard and a printer. As a device connectable to the high precision electronic distance measuring and angle measuring device 12, a high precision electronic distance measuring and angle measuring device is used. The data from 12 is taken in, and the coordinate values are calculated, the functions are recorded in the memory card, and displayed. More specifically, regarding the measurement, the measurement data at the distance from the high-precision electronic distance measuring / goniscope 12, the zenith angle, and the horizontal angle is taken in, and the procedure of the measurement work is instructed, and the measurement result and the analysis result are analyzed. Display and print the results. Especially for analysis, coordinate conversion, merging data, editing measurement values (inputting coordinates, deleting measurement points, moving point numbers), etc. are performed. It is also possible to print a file name (work name), copy a file, delete a file, and transfer data to a host computer.

The measurement data processing system section B is the office 1
6, which is formed in a host computer 15 installed in the computer 6 or the like. The host computer 15 includes a floppy disk device 17, an additional hard disk 18, and a printer 1.
9, an XY plotter 20 and the like are connected as peripheral devices.

The host computer 15 has a coordinate conversion function means for converting from a measurement time coordinate system to an absolute coordinate system for performing the work described later by programming, a measuring point identifying means, and an inclination angle calculating means. .

In this way, the reflector 11 serving as a measuring point is measured by the high-precision electronic distance measuring / angle measuring device 12, the data is recorded on the spot in the data collector 13, and the data collector 1
3 is carried and connected to the host computer 15 installed in the office 16 or the like to transfer data to the computer 15 and the measurement data processing system.

FIG. 2 shows a flow in the measurement data processing system section B. Measurement data is input to the host computer 15 [step (a)], which is automatic input by the data collector 13. Manual input without connecting the data collector 13 is also possible.

The host computer 15 performs coordinate conversion for converting the coordinate system at the time of measurement to the absolute coordinate system [step (b)], but the contents are the reference point data (absolute coordinate system) 2 already registered. The parallel movement amount and rotation angle of the coordinate axis for converting from the measurement time coordinate system to the absolute coordinate system are obtained from the same point measured in the measurement time coordinate system. Is used to convert the measurement data from the measurement coordinate system to the absolute coordinate system.

In this case, the measuring point 10 and the reference point 2 formed of the reflector 11 formed of the reflection sheet 11a or the reflection plate 11b.
6 is installed, the coordinate value of the position of the measuring point 10 or the reference point 26 in the absolute coordinate system is measured, the value is registered in the reference point data file, and the registered value of the reference point data file is read. Step (b)], conversion from the measuring coordinate system to the absolute coordinate system.

Then, after the measurement point is set, it is judged whether or not it is the first data [step (c)], and in the case of the initial value data, the coordinate initial value data is registered [step (g)]. Write the initial values of the measurement data to a file (absolute coordinate system) that stores them [step (h)].

If it is not the initial value data in step (c), the coordinate initial value read from the coordinate initial value data file (data in the absolute coordinate system) is compared with the measurement data (data after conversion to absolute coordinates). Then, if the two points are within a certain distance (for example, 1 m), they are recognized as the same point.

The maximum inclination angle for calculating the difference from the initial value data is calculated [step (e)]. The calculation of the maximum inclination angle will be described below. As shown in FIG.
Is moving due to tilting behavior, A ₁ , B ₁ , A ₂ ,
B ₂ is the position of the reflector 11, and C ₁ and C ₂ are ground points.

The known quantities are A ₁ (x _a1 , y _a1 , z _a1 ), B ₁ (x _b1 , y
_b1 , z _b1 ) [measured by a high-precision electronic distance measuring / goniscope (initial value)] A ₂ (x _a2 , y _a2 , z _a2 ), B ₂ (x _b2 , y
_b2 , z _b2 ) [Measurement by high-precision electronic distance measuring / goniscope (daily measurement)] B ₁ to C ₁ distance L [Measurement by a major measure (only in the initial stage)]. The unknown amount is the maximum tilt angle θ translation amount ΔL tilt direction.

The method of calculating the maximum inclination angle, the direction vector of the pile point _{C 1} is _{(x a1 -x} b1, y
_{a1 -y b1, z a1 -z b1} ) the direction vector of pile point _{C 2} is _{(x a2 -x} b2, y
Since it is _{a2 -y b2, z a2 -z b2} ), the inclination angle θ calculated as a following equation.

[0029]

[Equation 1]

However, x₁= X_a1-X_b1, Y₁= Y_a1-Y
_b1  z₁= Z_a1-Z_b1, X₂= X_a2-X_b2  y₂= Y_a2-Y_b2, Z₂= Z_a2-Z_b2  Replace

The method of calculating the tilt direction is as follows. The tilt direction can be considered on a horizontal plane (xy plane). The output is 2 in the xy plane as shown in FIG.
The points P and Q are connected and displayed. In addition, there are several possible digital display methods in the tilt direction. How many times with respect to the x-axis, how many times with respect to the y-axis, how many times with respect to the NS direction and how many times with respect to the EW direction. For example,

[0032]

[Equation 2]

X-axis unit vector (1,0) Therefore, the tilt direction angle δ is obtained by the following equation.

[0034]

(Equation 3)

The same method can be applied to the following items.

This list of tilt angles is output by creating it in a data list or various distribution charts [step (f)]. Further, as other outputs output by the XY plotter 20, the following may be considered. 1. Ground slope fluctuation map (daily fluctuation) 2. Ground slope fluctuation map (cumulative fluctuation) 3. Plan view (xy) Vector display of tilt direction and maximum tilt angle

Although not shown, the host computer 15 can predict the inclination angle convergence value of the ground surface inclination data. The present invention can be applied not only to the case of measuring the ground surface as in the above-described embodiment but also to the behavior observation of general landslides and retaining walls. Furthermore, in the field of construction, measurement of the inclination fluctuation of the structural body including the distortion of columns is also performed. Two
It can be applied by providing points as measurement points.

[0038]

As described above, the tilt fluctuation measuring method of the present invention not only enables measurement to be performed safely, simply and quickly as compared with the conventional method, but also improves the work efficiency of organizing and analyzing measurement data. It can be improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing one embodiment of a method for measuring inclination variation of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a flow in a measurement data processing system unit.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a first example of measurement points for measuring ground surface inclination variation.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a second example of measurement points for measuring ground surface inclination variation.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a third example of measurement points for measuring ground surface inclination variation.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a fourth example of measurement points for measuring ground surface inclination variation.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of an inclinometer used in a conventional method.

FIG. 8 is a side view showing an installed state of an inclinometer used in a conventional method.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing an installed state of an inclinometer used in a conventional method.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a tilting behavior.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram in the case of considering the inclination direction as a plane.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Ground inclinometer 2 ... Main leg 3 ... Support leg 4 ... Bubble tube stand 5 ... Main bubble tube 6 ... Sub bubble tube 7 ... Concrete stand 8 ... Rotation protractor plate 9 ... Pile 10 ... Measurement point 11 ... Reflector 11a ... Reflective sheet 11b ... Reflector 12 ... High-precision electronic distance measuring / angle-measuring device 13 ... Data collector 15 ... Host computer 16 ... Office 17 ... Floppy disk device 18 ... Additional hard disk 19 ... Printer 20 ... XY
Plotter 22 ... Wooden pile 23 ... Reinforcing bar 24 ... Iron plate 25 ... Acrylic plate 26 ... Reference point

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Toshitake Sawauchi 1-2-7 Moto Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Seiji Morikawa 1-2-2 Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo No. 7 in Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. (56) Reference JP 62-231116 (JP, A) JP 3-175314 (JP, A) JP 60-93308 (JP, A) JP 2- 190712 (JP, A)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. Arrangement of two reflectors spaced vertically above and below an object having a vertical length that changes its slope in response to a change in the inclination of the ground surface or a structure surface at arbitrary positions serving as measurement points. A handheld computer that measures the position of each of the two reflectors with a high-precision electronic distance measuring / angle-measuring device and connects the position data of the reflectors to the high-precision electronic distance-measuring / angle measuring device. Transfer to a data collector, carry this data collector and connect it to a computer installed in an office or the like to transfer the data to the measurement data processing system of the computer, and the measurement data processing system of this computer has already been registered. From the reference point data (absolute coordinate system) and the same two points measured in the measurement coordinate system, find the translation amount and rotation angle of the coordinate axis to convert from the measurement coordinate system to the absolute coordinate system. so Using the calculated parallel movement amount and rotation angle, coordinate conversion function means that converts the measurement data from the measurement coordinate system to the absolute coordinate system, and after setting the measurement point, it is judged whether it is the first data or not, and the initial value data In the case of, the coordinate initial value data is registered, and the initial value of the measurement data is written in the file (absolute coordinate system). If it is not the initial value data, the coordinate initial value data file (absolute coordinate A coordinate point initial value obtained by reading from the coordinate system) and the measurement data (data after conversion into absolute coordinates) are compared, and if two points are within a certain distance, the measurement point is identified as the same point. , And a tilt angle calculation means for calculating the tilt angle by calculating the difference from the initial value data from the measurement data, and the tilt variation data of each measurement point calculated by this computer is displayed on a diagram or table by a computer. Production Measurement method of tilt change was and outputting Te.