JP2645948B2 - Hot water absorption absorption chiller / heater - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hot water absorption type chiller / heater which uses waste heat recovery hot water which recovers waste heat of another apparatus or plant as a heat source, and more particularly to a direct heating absorption type chiller / heater. The present invention relates to a hot-water-absorption absorption chiller / heater that can obtain hot water at a temperature similar to that of hot water during heating.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A cogeneration system (hereinafter, abbreviated as "CG system") has been known as a system utilizing waste heat of a certain apparatus or plant. This CG system generates power using a turbine, a prime mover, and the like, and improves the overall thermal efficiency by effectively utilizing the exhaust heat.

FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing a prime mover application CG system which is in a practical stage among the CG systems described above.

In the CG system shown in FIG. 2, electric power can be obtained from the generator 103 by rotating the generator 103 with the prime mover 101. The prime mover 101
It is cooled by a coolant circulating between the prime mover 101 and the jacket heat exchanger 105. The exhaust gas discharged from the prime mover 101 flows on the heating fluid side of the exhaust gas heat exchanger 107, and heats the exhaust heat recovery hot water 109 flowing on the heated fluid side of the exhaust gas heat exchanger 107 before being discharged. Exhaust heat recovery hot water 1
In 09, the exhaust heat recovery pump 102 circulates through the jacket heat exchanger 105, the exhaust gas heat exchanger 107, and the regenerator 113 of the hot-water absorption absorption chiller / heater 111.
The exhaust heat recovery hot water 109 is supplied to the jacket heat exchanger 1.
At 05, the heat that has cooled the prime mover 101 is recovered, and at the exhaust gas heat exchanger 107, the exhaust heat is recovered from the exhaust gas discharged from the prime mover 101, and the recovered heat is used as the exhaust heat recovery means by the hot-water-fired absorption-type cold / hot water heater 111. Is supplied to the inside of the regenerator 113.

[0005] In the hot water absorption absorption chiller / heater 111, during cooling, the dilute solution in the absorber 115 is supplied to the solution pump 117.
And is supplied to the regenerator 113 through the heat exchanger 119. The dilute solution supplied to the regenerator 113 is heated by the exhaust heat recovery hot water 109 in the regenerator 113,
The refrigerant vapor evaporates to a concentrated solution. The concentrated solution flows into the heated fluid side of the heat exchanger 119 through the concentrated solution pipe 121 during cooling, exchanges heat with the dilute solution flowing through the heated fluid side of the heat exchanger 119, and then exchanges heat with the absorber 115. Is sprayed on the cooling water coil 115 </ b> A provided inside. Also, the regenerator 1
The refrigerant vapor generated in 13 is guided to the condenser 123, where it is cooled and condensed by cooling water in the condenser 123 to become a liquid refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant generated in the condenser 123 is guided to the evaporator 125 and is scattered on the evaporator heat transfer tube 127 provided in the evaporator 125. The liquid refrigerant sprayed on the evaporator heat transfer tube 127 takes off the heat of the cold and hot water flowing through the evaporator heat transfer tube 127 to evaporate, thereby cooling the cold and hot water. The cooled cold / hot water is supplied to a cold / hot water load (not shown) to perform, for example, cooling. Cooling water coil 1 in absorber 115
The concentrated solution sprayed on the evaporator 125A
In addition to absorbing the refrigerant vapor that evaporates and flows into the absorber 115, the absorption heat generated by the absorption is given to the cooling water flowing through the cooling water coil 115A. The cooling water coil 123A provided in the condenser 123 and the cooling water coil 115A provided in the absorber 115 are connected in series to a cooling water pump 129. During cooling, the cooling water pump 129 is operated. Thereby, the absorber 115 and the condenser 123 can be cooled with the cooling water.

At the time of heating, the solution is supplied to the absorber 1 by opening the cooling / heating switching valve 133 of the heating pipe 131.
15, the solution pump 117 and the regenerator 113 circulate, and the solution and vapor heated by the exhaust heat recovery hot water 109 in the regenerator 113 are led to the absorber 115. The absorber 115 and the evaporator 125 communicate with each other through a refrigerant vapor passage and a liquid passage at the bottom. The refrigerant vapor flowing into the absorber 115 flows into the evaporator 125 via the refrigerant vapor passage, and the evaporator 125 The cold and hot water flowing in the heat transfer tube 127 is heated and condensed,
The solution introduced into the absorber 115 through the bottom of the evaporator is mixed with the solution to form a dilute solution.
13 is sent. As a result, the temperature of the cold / hot water flowing through the evaporator heat transfer tube 127 is increased, and the heated / cold water is sent to a cold / hot water load (not shown) to perform, for example, heating.

In the above-described CG system, when a special prime mover (engine) capable of obtaining a high temperature of the exhaust heat recovery hot water or a high temperature exhaust heat of 100 ° C. or more (for example, factory exhaust heat) is used. However, even with the above-mentioned conventional hot-water-absorption absorption chiller / heater, it is possible to obtain a hot water temperature comparable to that of the direct-fired absorption-type chiller / heater.

[0008]

However, in the CG system described above, in the case of a normal engine,
Since the temperature of the exhaust heat recovery hot water is about 80 to 90 ° C,
The temperature of the extracted hot water that can be taken out by the hot water-fired absorption chiller / heater is very low, making it difficult to use as hot water for heating, and has a drawback that the exhaust heat utilization rate of the engine is low.

[0009] An object of the present invention is to provide a system in which, even when exhaust heat is used for heating, even if the temperature of the exhaust heat recovery water is low, the temperature is substantially the same as the heating hot water temperature obtained by a direct-fired absorption type chiller / heater. The hot water temperature is obtained by a hot water-fired absorption chiller / heater.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems To achieve the above object, a hot water-fired absorption chiller / heater of the present invention heats a dilute solution with waste heat recovery hot water that recovers waste heat of another apparatus or plant. A regenerator for producing a refrigerant vapor and a concentrated solution, a condenser for cooling and condensing the refrigerant vapor generated in the regenerator to a liquid refrigerant, and a condenser connected to the condenser by a liquid refrigerant pipe and generated by the condenser. An evaporator for dispersing and evaporating the liquid refrigerant on an evaporator heat transfer tube provided therein; and a concentrated solution tube connected to the regenerator via a concentrated solution tube and connected to the evaporator via a refrigerant vapor passage. An absorber that absorbs the refrigerant vapor flowing from the evaporator into the concentrated solution to be introduced at the evaporator to generate a dilute solution; a unit that guides the dilute solution generated by the absorber to the regenerator; and the regenerator Closes the bottom of the absorber when cooling and opens when heating A heating pipe connected through a tuft switching valve, a refrigerant reservoir arranged to be connected to the condenser for storing liquid refrigerant generated by the condenser, and a refrigerant reservoir and an absorber or evaporator connected to the condenser. And a refrigerant pipe connected through a road opening / closing means.

[0011]

[Function] The heat transfer performance of a regenerator of an absorption type chiller / heater is better if the vapor pressure in the vessel is the same, and the lower the solution concentration is, the better the vapor pressure is. Has characteristics.
Therefore, a sufficient amount of liquid refrigerant is formed in the system to form a low-concentration absorbent suitable for heating, and the line opening / closing means is closed during cooling, and unnecessary refrigerant is stored in the refrigerant reservoir. The refrigerant is excluded from the refrigeration cycle, the concentration of the absorbent forming the refrigeration cycle is maintained at an appropriate value for the cooling cycle, and the liquid refrigerant stored in the refrigerant reservoir at the time of heating is opened by opening the pipeline opening / closing means. The refrigerant solution (absorbent) is led to an absorber or an evaporator through a pipe line, and diluted to a concentration suitable for a heating operation. The heat transfer performance of the regenerator is improved so that high-temperature hot water is taken out of the evaporator heat transfer tube even at a low exhaust heat recovery hot water temperature.

[0012]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an embodiment in which a hot-water absorption absorption chiller / heater of the present invention is applied to a CG system.

In FIG. 1, a prime mover 1 rotationally drives a generator 3, and the generator 3 generates electric power by being rotationally driven by the prime mover 1. This prime mover 1 is
The cooling liquid circulating between the heat exchanger and the jacket heat exchanger 5 is cooled. The exhaust gas discharged from the prime mover 1 is exchanged with the exhaust heat recovery hot water 9 in the exhaust gas heat exchanger 7 and then discharged to the outside. The exhaust heat recovery hot water 9 is circulated by the exhaust heat recovery pump 2 between the regenerator 13, the jacket heat exchanger 5, and the exhaust gas heat exchanger 7 of the hot water absorption absorption chiller / heater 11. And the exhaust heat recovery hot water 9 is supplied to the jacket heat exchanger 5.
, The heat of cooling the prime mover 1 is recovered, and exhaust heat is recovered from the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas heat exchanger 7. The heat recovered by the exhaust heat recovery hot water 9 is used to heat the dilute solution in the regenerator 13 of the hot water absorption absorption chiller / heater 11 which is the exhaust heat recovery means.

The hot water-fired absorption chiller / heater 11 has a regenerator heat transfer tube 13A therein, and heats the dilute solution fed by the exhaust heat recovery hot water flowing through the regenerator heat transfer tube 13A to produce a refrigerant vapor and a concentrated solution. And a condenser 23 which is connected to the regenerator 13 via a refrigerant vapor passage and cools and condenses the refrigerant vapor flowing from the regenerator 13 to produce a liquid refrigerant.
An evaporator 25 connected to a bottom of the condenser 23 by a liquid refrigerant tube 24 and having an evaporator heat transfer tube 27 therein;
5 is connected to the cooling water coil 15A through a refrigerant vapor passage.
And the inlet of the heating fluid are connected to the concentrated solution pipe 2
1, a heat exchanger 19 communicating with the bottom of the regenerator 13 and an outlet of the fluid to be heated being communicated with the regenerator 13 through a dilute solution pipe 20, a heating fluid outlet of the heat exchanger 19 and the absorber 1
5, a concentrated solution pipe 22 configured to spray a concentrated solution to a cooling water coil 15A provided inside the absorber 15, a bottom portion of the absorber 15, and a cover of the heat exchanger 19. A solution pump 17 which is interposed in a dilute solution pipe 20 connecting the inlet of the heated fluid and feeds the dilute solution in the absorber 15 to the regenerator 13 via the heated fluid side of the heat exchanger 19; A heating pipe 31 connected to the regenerator 13 via a cooling / heating switching valve 33; a refrigerant reservoir 26 provided to be connected to the liquid refrigerant tube 24 to accommodate the liquid refrigerant; A pipe 30 connected to the bottom and the other end connected to the bottom of the absorber 15 to form a refrigerant pipe;
And a refrigerant reservoir valve 28 serving as a conduit opening / closing means.

The operation of the absorption chiller / heater of the above construction will be described below. First, at the time of cooling, the cooling / heating switching valve 33 is closed, and the refrigerant reservoir valve 28 is operated to a position where the pipe 30 is shut off. The bottom of the absorber 15 is the solution pump 1
The dilute solution at the bottom of the absorber 15 is sucked into the solution pump 17 and flows through the heated fluid side of the heat exchanger 19 via a dilute solution pipe 20 having a heat exchanger 7 and a heat exchanger 19 in the middle. The regenerator 13 is supplied to the regenerator 13. Regenerator 13
The diluted solution heated by the exhaust heat recovery hot water 9 to evaporate the refrigerant vapor is concentrated into a concentrated solution. The concentrated solution exchanges heat with the dilute solution in the heat exchanger 19 through the concentrated solution tube 21, and is then sprayed onto the cooling water coil 15A from the upper portion inside the absorber 15 via the concentrated solution tube 22. The refrigerant vapor generated in the regenerator 13 is guided to the condenser 23, where it is cooled and condensed by cooling water in the condenser 23 to become a liquid refrigerant. The bottom of the condenser 23 is connected to the evaporator 2 by a refrigerant pipe 24.
5 is connected to the upper portion of the refrigerant reservoir 26, and the refrigerant liquefied in the condenser 23 first flows into the refrigerant reservoir 26 at the beginning of operation and is stored in the refrigerant reservoir 26 (the pipe 30 is connected to the refrigerant reservoir 26). The liquid refrigerant in the refrigerant reservoir 26 does not flow out because it is shut off by the valve 28). When the refrigerant reservoir 26 is filled with the liquid refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant that subsequently flows out of the condenser 23 is guided to the evaporator 25 and is scattered on the evaporator heat transfer tube 27. The liquid refrigerant sprayed on the evaporator heat transfer pipe 27 evaporates by removing the heat of the cold and hot water flowing through the evaporator heat transfer pipe 27, and flows into the absorber 15 via the refrigerant vapor passage. The cold and hot water flowing through the evaporator heat transfer tube 27 is deprived of heat and cooled, sent to a cold and hot water load (not shown), and performs, for example, cooling. During cooling, the absorber 15 and the condenser 23 are cooled with cooling water by operating the cooling water pump 29.

The concentrated solution sprayed on the cooling water coil 15A absorbs the refrigerant vapor flowing from the evaporator 25 to maintain the pressure in the evaporator 25 at a predetermined pressure, and at the same time, absorbs the refrigerant vapor. The generated absorption heat is given to the cooling water flowing in the cooling water coil 15A.

During heating, the cooling / heating switching valve 33 is opened to communicate the bottom of the regenerator 13 with the absorber 15, and the refrigerant reservoir valve 28 is opened. The dilute solution in the absorber 15 is driven by the solution pump 17 and circulated from the absorber 15 to the regenerator 13 via the heat exchanger 19. Exhaust heat recovery hot water 9 in regenerator 13
The dilute solution heated by the above becomes a concentrated solution and a refrigerant vapor, and is led to the absorber 15 through the heating pipe 31 and the cooling / heating switching valve 33. The refrigerant vapor guided to the absorber 15 flows into the evaporator 25 via the refrigerant vapor passage, and is decondensed and liquefied by deprived of the heat by the cold and hot water flowing in the evaporator heat transfer tube 27,
The solution is mixed with the concentrated solution collected at the bottom of the absorber 15 and becomes a dilute solution, and is sent again to the regenerator 13 by the solution pump 17. The refrigerant in the refrigerant reservoir 26 is supplied to the pipe 30 and the refrigerant reservoir valve 28.
Then, the liquid is supplied to the absorber 15 through the pipe 30 and the absorbing liquid is diluted from the time of cooling. The evaporator heat transfer tube 27
The cold / hot water flowing through the inside is heated by the refrigerant vapor to increase the temperature, and is sent to a cold / hot water load (not shown) to perform, for example, heating.

The operation of the embodiment as described above will be described.

<During Cooling> The refrigerant reservoir valve 28 and the cooling / heating switching valve 33 are closed. The liquid refrigerant generated in the condenser 23 is
At the beginning of the operation, the refrigerant is supplied to and stored in the refrigerant reservoir 26. When the refrigerant reservoir 26 is filled with the liquid refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant supplied from the condenser 23 is guided to the evaporator 25, and a normal refrigeration cycle is formed. When the liquid refrigerant fills the refrigerant reservoir 26, excess liquid refrigerant has been excluded from the refrigeration cycle to maintain the proper concentration for the cooling cycle.

<At the time of heating> Next, at the time of heating, the refrigerant reservoir valve 2
8 and the cooling / heating switching valve 33 are opened, and the refrigerant reservoir 26 is connected to the absorber 15. Thereby, the refrigerant stored in the refrigerant reservoir 26 is discharged into the absorber 15 to dilute the solution concentration.

For example, when it is desired to obtain 55 [° C.] of hot water for heating, the vapor pressure at that time is 120 [mmHg], and if the solution concentration is equal to that during cooling, the regenerator 13 Must be close to 100 ° C. That is, the temperature required in the regenerator 13 is higher than the temperature of the hot water (80 to 90 [° C.]) recovered from the normal engine. This means
55 means that heating by the regenerator 13 is not possible.
It means that hot water of [° C] cannot be taken out. Under the above conditions, in the case of the hot water-fired absorption chiller / heater 11, the temperature of the hot water that can be taken out from the evaporator heat transfer tube 27 is about 40 [° C.] with the normal heat generation recovered from the engine.

However, as described above, when the refrigerant stored in the refrigerant reservoir 26 is sent to the absorber 15 by opening the refrigerant reservoir valve 28 to dilute the solution concentration, the temperature of the exhaust heat recovery hot water becomes 80 to 90. At [° C.], the solution temperature in the regenerator 13 at a vapor pressure of 120 [mmHg] of 55 [° C.]
For example, it can be reduced to 70 [° C.] or the like.
It is possible to take out hot water at [° C]. The heat transfer performance of the regenerator 13 has such characteristics that the lower the solution concentration is, the better the same vapor pressure is, and the better the lower the vapor pressure is, the same.

According to the above-described embodiment, the hot water recovered from the normal prime mover 1 recovers the heat from the evaporator heat transfer tubes 27 to 5
Hot water of 5 [° C.] can be taken out, and there is no need to separately prepare heat exchange for heating, and the cost and installation area can be reduced. Similarly, according to the above-described embodiment, it is possible to obtain hot water at a temperature of 55 ° C. from the evaporator heat transfer tube 27, so that the waste heat can be preferentially used, thereby contributing to energy saving.

[0025]

As described above, according to the present invention, with the normal engine exhaust heat recovery temperature, withdrawal hot water whose heating water temperature is about the same as the heating hot water temperature at the time of heating of a direct-fired absorption chiller / heater can be obtained. Heat exchange for heating incorporated in the exhaust heat cooling / heating system becomes unnecessary, and the cost and installation area can be reduced.

Further, according to the present invention, the hot water taken out at the same level as the hot water temperature at the time of heating of the direct-fired absorption chiller / heater can be obtained, so that the waste heat can be preferentially used, thereby contributing to energy saving.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an embodiment in which a hot-water-fired absorption chiller / heater of the present invention is applied to a CG system.

FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing an example in which a conventional hot-water absorption absorption chiller / heater is applied to a CG system.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Engine 2 Exhaust heat recovery pump 3 Generator 5 Jacket heat exchanger 7 Exhaust gas heat exchanger 9 Exhaust heat recovery hot water 11 Hot water absorption type cold water heater 13 Regenerator 13A Regenerator heat transfer tube 15 Absorber 15A Cooling water coil 17 Solution Pump 19 Heat exchanger 20 Dilute solution tube 21, 22 Concentrated solution tube 23 Condenser 24 Liquid refrigerant tube 25 Evaporator 26 Refrigerant reservoir 27 Evaporator heat transfer tube 28 Refrigerant reservoir valve (pipe opening / closing means) 29 Cooling water pump 30 Piping ( (Refrigerant pipe) 31 Heating pipe 33 Cooling / heating switching valve

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A regenerator for generating a refrigerant vapor and a concentrated solution by heating a dilute solution with waste heat recovery hot water that recovers waste heat of another apparatus or plant, and cooling and condensing the refrigerant vapor generated by the regenerator. A condenser which is connected to the condenser by a liquid refrigerant pipe, sprays and evaporates the liquid refrigerant generated by the condenser onto an evaporator heat transfer tube provided therein; A concentrated solution pipe connected to the evaporator and connected to the evaporator via a refrigerant vapor passage to absorb the refrigerant vapor flowing from the evaporator into the concentrated solution introduced by the concentrated solution pipe to generate a dilute solution. An absorber, a means for guiding a dilute solution generated by the absorber to the regenerator, and a heating pipe for connecting the regenerator and a bottom of the absorber via a cooling / heating switching valve that closes during cooling and opens during heating. And the condenser arranged and connected to the condenser. A refrigerant reservoir for storing the liquid refrigerant generated by the vessel, and a refrigerant line connecting the refrigerant reservoir and the absorber or evaporator via a line opening / closing means. Hot water absorption absorption chiller / heater.