JP2640904B2 - Inspection method and apparatus for loosening bolts of track rail - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an inspection method and an inspection method for automatically inspecting a rail rail for fastening bolts in order to secure the maximum mission in railways, that is, safety of passenger transportation and comfortable riding comfort. Related to the device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, track rail bolt fastening mechanisms are:
Two rails (rails) that form the track of a railway etc. are fastened to the sleepers to resist the maintenance of the rails and the bulging of the rails, as well as the load and vibration that the vehicle gives to the track rails during running. These are transmitted to a sleeper, a roadbed, a roadbed and the like of the lower structure.

Conventionally, as a fastening mechanism for connecting a track rail to a lower structure, those having structures as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively, have been used. That is, the track rails 2 are placed on the sleepers 1 arranged at regular intervals, and both the bottom left and right flanges 2 a of the track rail 2 are sandwiched by the gauge blocks 3. An embedding plug 5 around which an iron wire 4 is arranged spirally is embedded inside the sleeper 1, and a hexagon bolt 6 is screwed into the embedding plug 5 through the gauge block 3. To screw the hexagonal bolt 6, a plate-like spring body 7 such as a leaf spring or a spring clip for urging the bottom flange 2 a of the track rail 2 between the head of the hexagonal bolt 6 and the gauge block 3. It is interposed. Further, in order to reduce high frequency vibration transmitted to a lower structure such as the sleeper 1 during running of the vehicle, the track rail 2 and the sleeper 1
A track pad 8 made of a rubber elastic body is interposed between the two. In the drawings, 2b and 2c indicate the head and trunk of the track rail 1, respectively. 9 is a washer, 1
Reference numeral 0 denotes a receiving plate for receiving a plate-like spring body 7 such as a leaf spring or a spring clip, and reference numeral 11 denotes a drainage collar.

[0004] In such a bolt fastening mechanism for a track rail, a worker regularly visits and regularly inspects and checks whether the bolt has fallen, broken or loosened, and immediately performs necessary repairs. I have. In particular, the hexagonal bolt 6 for fastening the track rail 2 to the sleeper 1 gradually loosens due to the vibration of the passage of the vehicle, so that the worker patrols every two to four days and strikes with a spanner, a hammer, or the like to produce a sound. At the time of listening and when an abnormal sound was emitted, it was the current situation that the patrolers were tightening bolts one by one.

[0005]

However, in such a conventional inspection, not only the work efficiency is poor, but also the judgment of the breakage or loosening of the bolt due to the listening of the impact sound depends on the intuition of the operator. Therefore, there is a problem that skill is required and quickness and accuracy are lacking.

The present invention has been made to solve these problems, and provides an inspection method and apparatus for efficiently, quickly and accurately detecting loosening of a fastening bolt in a bolt fastening mechanism of a track rail. The purpose is to do.

[0007]

According to the present invention, there is provided a bolt loosening inspection method for inspecting the looseness of a bolt to which a track rail is fastened to a track lower structure, wherein a position detecting step for detecting a position of the bolt; Impact applying means for hitting a plate-shaped spring body interposed between the bolt and the lower structure and applying a mechanical impact based on the bolt position information detected by the detection output stage; Detecting means for detecting a sound or vibration generated by the means, and determining means for comparing the spectrum detected by the detecting means with a spectrum similarly obtained in a normal case to determine the bolt loosening; And an alarm means for generating a sound or light based on a signal from the determination means. In addition, the track rail fastening bolt looseness inspection device of the present invention includes a moving truck that travels on the track rail manually or automatically at a constant speed, and, with the progress of the moving truck, the rail in a track lower structure. A position detecting mechanism for detecting the position of the fastened bolt, and a plate-like spring body interposed between the bolt and the lower structure is hit based on the bolt position information detected by the detecting mechanism, and the machine is driven. A shock applying mechanism for applying a mechanical shock, and detecting a sound or vibration caused by the shock, and comparing the spectrum with a spectrum obtained in the same manner in a normal case to determine the loosening of the bolt. A determination mechanism; and an alarm mechanism that generates a sound or light based on a signal from the detection determination mechanism.

[0008]

In the method and apparatus for inspecting the loosening of the fastening bolts of a track rail according to the present invention, first, the position of a bolt for fastening the track rail to a lower structure such as a sleeper is detected by a position detecting mechanism, and an impact is applied based on the detected information. The mechanism works, and a mechanical impact is applied to a spring body such as a leaf spring existing near the bolt position. And the impact sound or vibration generated by such an impact is detected,
The detected signal is compared and analyzed by a waveform analyzer such as a spectrum analyzer with information such as a waveform generated in a normal case, which is stored in advance, and it is determined whether or not the bolt is loose. In this way, the loosening of the fastening bolt in the rail fastening device is automatically, quickly and accurately detected, and the labor required for track maintenance is reduced.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing one embodiment of a track bolt fastening bolt looseness inspection apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an inspection method of the present invention. 3 and 4 will be described with the same reference numerals.

As shown in FIG. 1, reference numeral 12 denotes a movable carriage that travels on the track rail 2 manually or automatically at a constant speed, and includes a carriage body 12a and a wheel portion 12b.
It is composed of An image sensor 13 that detects the position of a hexagon bolt 6 that fastens the track rail 2 to the sleeper 1 is provided on the main body 12a of the movable carriage 12, and based on detection information obtained by the image sensor 13,
A drop impact device 15 with an acceleration sensor (pickup) for dropping an impulse hammer 14 and applying an impact to a plate-like spring body 7 such as a leaf spring or a spring clip.
And a detection mechanism for detecting a sound or vibration generated in the plate-like spring body 7 by the drooping impact of the impulse hammer 14, and using the detected information in the same manner when the hexagonal bolt 6 has no looseness in a normal state. An FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) analyzer 16 that determines the presence or absence of looseness by comparing the obtained information, an alarm device 17 that generates a signal alarm such as sound or light based on the determination signal from the FFT analyzer 16, and the like. It is installed.

Next, an inspection method according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. That is, first, the movable trolley 12 is installed on the track rail 2 and runs on the track rail 2 manually or automatically at a constant speed. In accordance with the traveling of the movable carriage 12, the image sensor 13 serving as the detecting means 18 is provided.
Operates to accurately detect the positions of the hexagonal bolts 6 arranged at regular intervals, and output a detection signal. Next, the shock applying means 19 that has received the bolt position detection signal operates the impulse hammer 14. That is, the drooping impact device 15 with the acceleration sensor lowers the acceleration pickup and causes the impulse hammer 14 to droop at a predetermined time difference corresponding to the traveling speed of the movable trolley 12. In this manner, the impulse hammer 14 is accurately hung down at a predetermined position close to the detection position of the hexagonal bolt 6, and a mechanical tap is applied to the leaf spring body 7 at this position. And
The impact detecting means 20 detects the impact sound or vibration generated in the plate-like spring body 7 by the drooping impact of the impulse hammer 14. Next, the determination means 21 operates as described below. That is, both the vibration signal of the impulse hammer 14 and the response acceleration signal of the acceleration pickup are output to the FFT analyzer 16 and the FFT analyzer
The analyzer 16 compares the waveform of the input signal with the waveform of a normal signal stored in advance. At this time, it is also possible to measure the transfer function and measure the natural frequency. When the waveform of the signal is the same as the waveform when the signal is normal, it is determined that the hexagon bolt 6 is not loose, and the process proceeds to the position detection of the next hexagon bolt 6 as it is. Alarm means 22 for abnormal signal
Output to The alarm means 22 performs necessary processing such as lighting of a lamp and generation of an alarm based on the abnormal signal output in this manner, and an operator receiving such a warning can take appropriate action such as retightening the hexagon bolt 6 for which the looseness is detected. Work.

Thus, according to the present invention, the loosening of the hexagonal bolt 6 in the bolt fastening mechanism of the track rail 2 can be detected automatically, quickly and accurately, and the efficiency of track patrol and inspection work can be improved. it can. In addition, early detection of looseness and breakage fulfills the greatest mission of transport safety and reduces the labor required for track maintenance work.

[0013]

As described above, according to the inspection method and the apparatus according to the present invention, the loosening of the fastening bolt in the bolt fastening mechanism of the track rail can be automatically, quickly and reliably detected, and the circuit can be inspected. The efficiency of inspection and maintenance work can be improved, and the safety of transportation can be further ensured by early detection.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a track bolt fastening bolt looseness inspection device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a method for inspecting a track rail for fastening bolt loosening according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a top view of a conventional rail fastening device.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a conventional rail fastening device.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Sleeper 2 ... Track rail 3 ... Gauge block 4 ... Spiral iron wire 5 ... Embedding plug 6 ... Hex bolt 7 ... Plate spring body 12 ... Moving trolley 13 ... Image sensor 14 ... Impulse hammer 15 ... Droop impact with acceleration sensor Device 16 ... FFT
Analyzer 17… Alarm device

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A bolt loosening inspection method for inspecting the looseness of a bolt which fastens a track rail to a track lower structure, comprising: a position detecting means for detecting the position of the bolt; and a bolt position information detected by the detecting means. An impact applying means for hitting a plate-shaped spring body interposed between the bolt and the lower structure to apply a mechanical impact, and a detecting means for detecting a sound or vibration generated by the impact applying means. Means, a spectrum detected by the detection means is compared with a spectrum similarly obtained in a normal case, a determination means for determining the loosening of the bolt, and a sound or sound based on a signal from the determination means. A method for inspecting a track rail fastening bolt for looseness, comprising a warning means for generating light. 2. A moving vehicle that travels on a track rail manually or automatically at a constant speed, and a position detection device that detects a position of a bolt that fastens the rail to a lower structure of the track as the moving vehicle progresses. Mechanism, based on the bolt position information detected by the detection mechanism, strikes a plate-like spring body inserted between the bolt and the lower structure, an impact applying mechanism that applies a mechanical impact, A detection / judgment mechanism for detecting the impact sound or vibration caused by the impact, comparing the spectrum with a spectrum obtained in the same manner in a normal case, and determining the loosening of the bolt; and A warning inspection device for a track rail fastening bolt, comprising: an alarm mechanism for generating a sound or light based on a signal.