JPH06331468A - Inspection method and device for looseness of clamping bolt in truck rail - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To speedily and exactly detect the looseness of clamping bolts in a truck rail clamping device. CONSTITUTION:An image sensor 13 detects the position of a hexagonal bolt 6 and outputs a signal. A hammering device 15 with an acceleration sensor, in which the detection signal is input, descend an acceleration pickup at a specific time interval and an inpulse hammer 14 fall on a plate spring 7 to give a shock. Then, the vibrating signal of the impulse hammer 14 and the response acceleration signal of the acceleration pickup are output together to an FFT(fast Fourier transformer) analyzer 16. The FFT analyzer 16 receives these signals and compares the signal waveform with a normal state signal waveform stored in advance, judges the existence of looseness of the hexagonal bolt 6 and simultaneously executes such necessary operations as alarming.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an inspection method for automatically inspecting the looseness of fastening bolts for track rails, in order to secure the maximum mission of railways, namely, safety of passenger transportation and comfortable riding comfort, and a method thereof. Regarding the device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a track rail bolt fastening mechanism is
Two rails (rails) on the left and right that form a railroad track are fastened to the sleepers to resist the maintenance of the railroad track and the rail's rolling, and to resist the load and vibration that the vehicle exerts on the track rail during running. These are transmitted to the undercarriage sleepers, roadbeds, and roadbeds.

Conventionally, as a fastening mechanism for a track rail lower structure, those having structures as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 have been used. That is, the track rails 2 are placed on the sleepers 1 arranged at regular intervals, and the bottom left and right flanges 2 a of the track rails 2 are respectively sandwiched by the gauge blocks 3. Inside the sleeper 1, an embedding plug 5 in which an iron wire strip 4 is spirally arranged is embedded, and a hexagon bolt 6 penetrates the gauge block 3 and is screwed into the embedding plug 5. When the hexagon bolt 6 is screwed in, a plate-shaped spring body 7 such as a leaf spring or a spring clip for urging the bottom flange portion 2a of the track rail 2 is provided between the head portion of the hexagon bolt 6 and the gauge block 3. Is inserted. Further, in order to reduce high-frequency vibration transmitted to the lower structure such as the sleeper 1 when the vehicle is traveling, the track rail 2 and the sleeper 1 are
A track pad 8 made of a rubber elastic body is sandwiched between and. In addition, 2b and 2c in the figure respectively show the head and the trunk of the track rail 1. Also, 9 is a washer, 1
Reference numeral 0 indicates a receiving plate that receives a plate-shaped spring body 7 such as a leaf spring or a spring clip, and 11 indicates a drainage collar.

[0004] In such a bolt fastening mechanism for a track rail, a worker has been regularly patrolled to inspect and inspect the bolt for dropping, damage, loosening, etc., and the necessary repairs are immediately made. There is. In particular, the hexagon bolts 6 that fasten the track rails 2 to the sleepers 1 gradually loosen due to the vibrations of the passage of the vehicle, so that the worker makes a patrol every 2 to 4 days and hits them with a spanner, a hammer, or the like to produce a sound of reverberation. When listening and making an abnormal sound, it was the current situation that patrollers tighten the bolts one by one.

[0005]

However, in such a conventional inspection, not only the work efficiency is low, but also the damage of bolts or the looseness due to the listening of the sound of the hammer depends on the intuition of the operator. Therefore, there is a problem that it requires skill and lacks quickness and accuracy.

The present invention has been made to solve these problems, and provides an inspection method and apparatus for efficiently, quickly and accurately detecting loosening of a fastening bolt in a bolt fastening mechanism of a track rail. The purpose is to do.

[0007]

According to the method of the present invention, in a bolt looseness inspection method for inspecting the looseness of a bolt for fastening a track rail to a lower track structure, a position detecting step for detecting the position of the bolt, and Based on the bolt position information detected by the detection stage, a shock-applying means for striking a plate-shaped spring body interposed between the bolt and the lower structure to apply a mechanical shock, and the shock-applying means. A detecting means for detecting a sounding sound or vibration generated by the means, and a comparing means for comparing the spectrum detected by the detecting means with a spectrum similarly obtained in a normal case, and for determining looseness of the bolt. And alarm means for generating sound or light based on the signal from the determination means. Also, the track rail fastening bolt looseness inspection device of the present invention is a moving carriage that travels on the track rail manually or automatically at a constant speed, and with the progress of the moving carriage, the rail is attached to the lower track structure. Based on the position detection mechanism that detects the position of the tightened bolt and the bolt position information detected by the detection mechanism, a plate-shaped spring body inserted between the bolt and the lower structure is tapped, Detection mechanism that applies a dynamic impact and the impact sound or vibration generated by the impact is detected, and the spectrum is compared with the spectrum obtained in the same manner in the normal case to detect the looseness of the bolt. It is characterized by comprising a determination mechanism and an alarm mechanism for generating sound or light based on a signal from the detection determination mechanism.

[0008]

In the track rail fastening bolt loosening inspection method and apparatus according to the present invention, first, the position detecting mechanism detects the position of the bolt for fastening the track rail to the lower structure such as sleepers, and the impact information is given based on the detected information. The mechanism acts, and a mechanical tapping impact is applied to a spring body such as a leaf spring existing near the bolt position. Then, the impact sound or vibration generated by such impact is detected,
This detection signal is compared and analyzed by a waveform analyzer such as a spectrum analyzer with previously stored information such as a waveform generated in a normal case to determine whether or not the bolt is loose. In this way, the looseness of the fastening bolt in the rail fastening device is automatically and quickly and accurately detected, and the labor required for track maintenance is reduced.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing an embodiment of a fastening bolt loosening inspection device for a track rail according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an inspection method according to the present invention. The same parts as those in FIGS. 3 and 4 will be described with the same reference numerals.

As shown in FIG. 1, reference numeral 12 denotes a moving carriage that travels on the track rail 2 manually or automatically at a constant speed, which is a carriage main body 12a and a wheel portion 12b.
It consists of and. Then, on the main body 12a of the moving carriage 12, an image sensor 13 that detects the position of the hexagon bolt 6 that fastens the track rail 2 to the sleeper 1, and based on the detection information obtained by the image sensor 13,
A drooping impact device 15 with an acceleration sensor (pickup) that hangs the impulse hammer 14 and gives a shock to a plate-shaped spring body 7 such as a leaf spring or a spring clip.
And a detection mechanism for detecting the impact sound or vibration generated in the plate-shaped spring body 7 due to the drooping impact of the impulse hammer 14, and the detected information in the same manner when the hexagon bolt 6 is not loose. An FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) analyzer 16 that determines the presence or absence of looseness by comparison with the obtained information, and an alarm device 17 that issues a signal alarm such as sound or light based on the determination signal from the FFT analyzer 16 are provided. It is installed.

Next, the inspection method of the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. That is, first, the moving carriage 12 is installed on the track rail 2, and travels on the track rail 2 manually or automatically at a constant speed. As the mobile carriage 12 travels in this way, the image sensor 13 serving as the detection means 18 is detected.
Operates to accurately detect the positions of the hexagon bolts 6 arranged at regular intervals and output a detection signal. Next, the impact applying means 19 which has received the bolt position detection signal actuates the impulse hammer 14. That is, the drooping impact device 15 with an acceleration sensor lowers the acceleration pickup and droops the impulse hammer 14 with a predetermined time difference according to the traveling speed of the moving carriage 12. In this way, the impulse hammer 14 hangs accurately at a predetermined position close to the detection position of the hexagon bolt 6, and the plate-shaped spring body 7 at this position is mechanically struck. And
The impact detecting means 20 detects the impact sound or vibration generated in the plate-shaped spring body 7 due to the drooping impact of the impulse hammer 14. Next, the determination means 21 operates as shown below. That is, both the excitation signal of the impulse hammer 14 and the response acceleration signal of the acceleration pickup are output to the FFT analyzer 16, and the FFT input with these signals is input.
The analyzer 16 compares the waveform of the input signal with the waveform of the normal signal stored in advance. At this time, it is also possible to measure the transfer function and the natural frequency. Then, when the waveform of the signal is the same as the waveform in the normal case, it is determined that the hexagon bolt 6 has no looseness, and the process proceeds to position detection of the next hexagonal bolt 6 as it is. Abnormal signal 22
Output to. The alarm means 22 performs necessary processing such as lighting of a lamp and generation of an alarm according to the abnormal signal thus output, and an operator who receives such an alarm appropriately re-tightens the hexagon bolt 6 in which looseness is detected. Do different tasks.

Thus, according to the present invention, the looseness of the hexagonal bolt 6 in the bolt fastening mechanism of the track rail 2 can be automatically and quickly and accurately detected, and the efficiency of track patrol and inspection work can be improved. it can. In addition, early detection of looseness and damage can fulfill the maximum mission of transportation safety and reduce the labor required for track maintenance work.

[0013]

As described above, according to the inspection method and the apparatus therefor of the present invention, the looseness of the fastening bolt in the bolt fastening mechanism of the track rail can be automatically and promptly and surely detected, and the patrol In addition to improving the efficiency of inspection and maintenance work, early detection can make transportation safer.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a fastening bolt looseness inspection device for a track rail according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a method of inspecting a fastening bolt for a track rail according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a top view of a conventional rail fastening device.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a conventional rail fastening device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Sleeper 2 ... Track rail 3 ... Gauge block 4 ... Spiral iron wire 5 ... Embedding plug 6 ... Hexagonal bolt 7 ... Plate spring body 12 ... Moving carriage 13 ... Image sensor 14 ... Impulse hammer 15 ... Acceleration sensor drooping impact Device 16 ... FFT
Analyzer 17 ... Alarm device

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A bolt looseness inspection method for inspecting a looseness of a bolt for fastening a track rail to an undercarriage structure, comprising: position detecting means for detecting the position of the bolt; and bolt position information detected by the detecting means. A shock-applying means for striking a plate-shaped spring body interposed between the bolt and the lower structure to apply a mechanical shock, and detection for detecting a sound or vibration generated by the shock-applying means. Means for comparing the spectrum detected by the detecting means with a spectrum obtained in the same manner in a normal case, determining means for determining the looseness of the bolt, and a sound based on a signal from the determining means. A method for inspecting a fastening bolt for a track rail, the method comprising: an alarm means for generating light. 2. A moving carriage that travels on track rails manually or automatically at a constant speed, and position detection that detects the position of the bolts that fasten the rails to the undercarriage structure as the moving carriage advances. A mechanism and a shock applying mechanism that taps a plate-shaped spring body interposed between the bolt and the lower structure based on the bolt position information detected by the detection mechanism to apply a mechanical shock, A detection determination mechanism that determines the looseness of the bolt by detecting a pulsating sound or vibration generated by the impact and comparing the spectrum with a spectrum obtained in the same manner in a normal case, and from the detection determination mechanism. An apparatus for inspecting a fastening bolt for a track rail, comprising: an alarm mechanism that generates a sound or a light based on a signal.