JP2613362B2 - Single-shaft crusher - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement of a single-shaft shearing crusher, and more particularly, to reducing the crushing resistance or preventing the screen from being clogged and preventing the motor from being overloaded. The present invention relates to a single-shaft shear crusher capable of operation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a single-shaft shearing crusher composed of a rotary blade and a fixed blade as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Nos. 47-13969 and 47-17267 has been frequently used. I have.

FIG. 11A is a longitudinal sectional view of a general single-shaft shearing crusher described in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 47-1369. A hopper 52 for introducing a material to be crushed into the upper part of the body 51, a rotary blade 54 rotated by a drive shaft 53 inside the body 51, and a body 51 side for shearing and crushing in cooperation with the rotary blade 54. And fixed blades 55 and 56 fixed to are provided. A screen 57 is fixedly attached to the body 54 in the vicinity of the lower part of the rotary blade 54 and the discharge path 5 through which the crushed material passing through the screen 57 is discharged.
8 is connected to the lower part of the screen 57.

[0004]

In a conventional single-shaft shearing crusher as typified by FIG. 11 (a), FIG.
As shown in (b), the shearing and crushing is performed when the tip straight portion of the rotary blade 54 approaches and passes the tip straight portion of the fixed blade 55 (56). That is, the conventional one is a mechanism for shearing and crushing between lines (this is referred to as “linear crushing”).

[0005] In such linear crushing, crushing resistance increases and power consumption inevitably increases.

Since the cutting edge 54a of the rotary blade 54 shown in FIG. 11 is integral with the rotary blade 54, if it is worn, it is necessary to replace the entire rotary blade 54 with a new one. In this respect, the rotary blade described in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Publication No. 47-17267 is economical in that the removable blade is mounted and only the blade needs to be replaced without changing the rotary blade. Then, each time, a new cutting edge must be replaced.

On the other hand, since the screen 57 provided below the conventional rotary blade 54 remains fixed to the body,
The rotary blade 54 passes through the same position on the screen 57. That is, since the relative position between the screen 57 and the rotary blade 54 does not change, the crushed material easily stays at a certain position, and thus may cause clogging. As described above, since there is no conventional screen cleaning function, smooth operation is hindered.

Further, since the crushed object includes various miscellaneous things such as household waste and municipal waste generated in daily life, fluctuations in the crushed object cause an overload on a motor driving a drive shaft. And the crusher may stop.
Further, the overload occurs because the conventional crusher has a structure in which all the crushed materials input from the hopper 52 are supplied onto the rotary blade 54 as shown in FIG. It is also due to that.

The invention according to this application has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and aims at realizing a smooth and stable operation of a single-shaft shearing crusher. Another object of the present invention is to provide a screen with a self-cleaning function to prevent clogging, and to provide a feed-in device for preventing overload of an electric motor.

[0010]

In order to achieve the above object, a uniaxial shearing crusher according to claim 1 comprises a plurality of rotary blades arranged on the periphery of a drive shaft and a stationary blade mounted on the body side. In a single-shaft shearing crusher, the tips of the cutting edges formed at regular intervals on the circumference of the rotary blade are formed in a mountain shape, and fixed to the machine body side that shears and crushes the material to be crushed in cooperation with the cutting edge of the mountain shape. The stationary blade is formed in a saw blade shape, and the stationary blade is provided at a position shifted from a horizontal line passing through the axis of the drive shaft.

[0011] The uniaxial shear crusher according to claim 2 is characterized in that
In the configuration of the rotary blade, the blade edge of the rotary blade is separate from the rotary blade and is configured to be detachable, and the blade edge is formed into a prism having a square cross section, and the four corners of the square blade edge are formed. Each is characterized in that it can be used as a mountain-shaped cutting edge.

[0012] The uniaxial shearing type crusher according to claim 3 is characterized by claim 1.
In the configuration of the above, the cutting edge of the rotary blade is separate from the rotary blade and is configured to be detachable, and the cutting edge is formed into a prism having a square cross section, while the square cutting edge for the rotary blade is A plurality of the same cutting edges are arranged in the same direction as the axial direction of the drive shaft to form a saw blade stationary blade.

[0013] The uniaxial shearing type crusher according to claim 4 is characterized in that:
The screen according to any one of the above-described items 3, wherein the screen provided below the rotary blade is configured to be movable within a certain range in the axial direction of the drive shaft.

In a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a single-shaft shearing crusher.
In the configuration of any one of the above-described items 4, the position of the drive shaft of the rotary blade is shifted from the center of the hopper opening to form a stagnant chamber for the crushed object in the machine body, and the crushable object in the stagnant chamber is rotated in the direction of the rotating blade. And a pushing device that automatically adjusts the pushing amount according to the load of the rotary blade driving motor.

[0015]

According to the first aspect, the blade of the rotary blade is formed in a mountain shape, and the stationary blade on the machine body side for shearing and crushing is formed in the shape of a saw blade in cooperation with the rotary blade. Since the tip of the rotary blade is shifted from the core wire (in this position, the tip of the rotary blade is vertical as shown in FIG. 4), the tip of the angled edge of the rotary blade (top of the angle) becomes a saw blade-like stationary blade. During the approach, the object to be crushed is crushed first by the movement of the tip (edge point) of the angled edge, so that the crush resistance is reduced (compared to the conventional linear crushing).

If the edge of the rotary blade is made square, the four corners can each be used as a mountain-shaped edge, and a new edge is prepared every time for frequently occurring wear of the edge. It is economical without need.

If the square cutting edge for the rotary blade is used as a stationary blade as it is, there is no need to separately design and manufacture the cutting edge for the stationary blade, and unification of parts (unification). ) Can reduce the number of parts. Also, even if the stationary blade is worn, four corners can be used, so that a new part is not replaced each time.

As described in claim 4, the screen is advanced and retracted in the axial direction of the rotary blade by a predetermined distance (usually the distance between the two rotary blades), so that the crushed material on the screen is not stagnated and crushed smoothly. Objects can pass through the eyes of the screen and can be discharged downward, and as a result of the self-cleaning action of the screen, the screen can be prevented from being clogged.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the supply speed of the crushed material in the stagnation chamber in the direction of the rotary blade is adjusted by adjusting the pushing speed of the pushing device in accordance with the load of the motor, thereby preventing the motor from being overloaded. Is done.

[0020]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a front view of a single-shaft shearing crusher according to an embodiment, FIG. 2 is a front view of the same, and FIG.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional view seen from the front, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional view seen from the side.

First, the schematic structure of the crusher will be described with reference to these figures. A hopper 2 for charging a crushed object is provided on the upper part of a body 1 formed in a substantially housing shape. A retaining chamber 3 is formed in the lower body 1, and a pushing device 5 that reciprocates with a driving cylinder 4 is provided in the retaining chamber 3. A crushing chamber 6 is formed so as to be deviated from the center of the hopper 2 and face the staying chamber 3. In the crushing chamber 6, a rotary blade 8 mounted on the periphery of a drive shaft 7 is provided. When the shaft 7 is driven in a chain by the drive motor 9, the rotary blade 8 is moved in the direction of arrow R (FIG. 4).
It is designed to rotate. The stationary blades 10 and 11 before and after facing the crushing chamber 6 are fixed to the body 1 side. A screen 12 having a semicircular cross section is provided along the rotary blade 8 at a lower portion of the crushing chamber 6. This screen 1
Numeral 2 is configured to be able to reciprocate a predetermined distance in the axial direction of the drive shaft 7 as described later. Below the screen 12, a screw conveyor 14 driven by an electric motor 13 with a speed reducer is provided. The screw conveyor 14 has a screw shape symmetrical with respect to a center line 16 in order to draw crushed material toward a discharge port 15 provided at the lower center of the screw conveyor.
In addition, as shown in FIG.
By actuating the rotary blade 7, the rotary blade 8 can be pivoted upward around the hinge 18 to the imaginary line position and opened, and the rotary blade 8 in the crushing chamber 6 can be opened.
Etc. can be maintained and inspected.

Further, each of the above structures will be described in detail. A drive shaft 7 having a hexagonal cross section is provided horizontally in the crushing chamber 6, and a plurality of rotary blades 8 are arranged in the axial direction on the periphery thereof. Both ends of the drive shaft 7 are supported by bearings 19, and a chain sprocket 20 is provided at one end thereof. A chain 21 is provided between the chain sprocket 20 and the drive motor 9, and the drive shaft 7 is driven by the chain so that the rotary blade 8 rotates in the direction of arrow R (FIG. 4).

As shown in FIG. 4, the hopper 2 is viewed from the side.
At a position shifted from the opening center 2a of the hopper 2
Vertical axis 7 of the drive shaft 7 up to the position of the base end 2b on the side of the fuselage 1
The drive shaft 7 is arranged at a position shifted to such an extent that “a” substantially coincides with each other, so that a stagnation chamber 3 for crushed objects is formed inside the body 1 below the lower opening of the hopper 2. ing. The crushed material thrown in from the hopper 2 is temporarily stored in the retaining chamber 3, and the supply of the crushed material is adjusted by a pushing device 5 which can move forward and backward in the direction of the rotary blade 8. It doesn't matter. The pushing device 5 is formed in a long box shape having a front plate 5a whose tip is inclined downward. A driving cylinder 4 is built in the box, and a cylinder body 4a is fixed to the body 1 side. (Fig. 2). This drive cylinder 4
In order to prevent overloading according to the load (current value or electric power value) of the electric motor 9, the pushing speed is increased when crushing is easily performed, and the pushing speed is increased when crushing is not easy. By operating so as to reduce the speed, the pushing amount of the object to be crushed into the rotary blade 8 can be automatically adjusted. Since the pushing device 5 as described above also has the function of a feeder provided in the conventional hopper, the conventional feeder becomes unnecessary.

FIG. 5 shows one rotary blade 8 mounted on the drive shaft.
And an exploded perspective view of a cutting edge 22 mounted on the periphery of the rotary blade 8. Four portions on the circumference of the circular rotary blade 8 are formed in a projecting shape, and have a stepped structure at the end of the projecting portion 8a. The shape of the vertical surface 8b at the end of the protruding portion 8a has a substantially mountain shape (gable shape), and the rectangular flat surface 8c
It is continuing. A female screw 23a for screwing the bolt 23 is cut on the vertical surface 8b, and two female screws 25a for screwing the bolt 25 for fixing the holding hardware 24 are cut on the flat surface 8c.

A cutting edge 22 detachably mounted on the rotary blade 8
Is formed as a prism having a square cross section (a shape obtained by cutting a dice in half). The reason why the cutting edge 22 is square is that four corners 22a of the square can be used as cutting blades. The cutting edge 22 is attached by pressing a square surface against the vertical surface 8a, and is fixed by a bolt 23 so as not to rotate. At this time, the head of the bolt 23 is buried in the bolt hole 23b of the cutting edge 22. In addition, from the back of the square cutting edge 22, the holding metal 24 is made of two bolts 2.
At 5, the blade 22 is fixed on the flat surface 8c so as not to move.

Therefore, one corner (cutting edge) 22 of the cutting edge 22
If a is worn, the presser fitting 24 is removed and the cutting edge 22 is removed.
The bolts 23 that fix the horn are removed and the other corner 22b that is not worn is rotated by 90 ° to a position where it becomes a cutting blade, and is again fixed to the rotary blade 8 side in the same manner as described above. Such cutting edges 22 are mounted on the periphery of the rotary blade 8 at 90 ° intervals.

FIG. 6A is a view showing a state in which the rotary blades 8 having the above-described configuration are arranged in a row on the drive shaft. It is attached so as to have a certain phase difference between the cutting edge of the adjacent rotary blade. That is, as shown in FIG. 6 (b), the cutting edge 22 of the rotary blade 8 is 60 °, 150 °, 240 °, 330 °.
(Circles indicate the positions of the cutting edges), but the cutting edges 22 of the adjacent rotary blades 8 are 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °.
It is located in. When viewed as a whole, the cutting edge 22 is arranged in a V-shape, so that the crushed material does not go to the corners on both sides of the rotary blade, but acts to be centered.

In mounting the cutting edge 22 shown in FIG.
In particular, it does not have a configuration for positioning (because the position is actually fixed by the blade fixing bolt 23 and the presser fitting 24 as described above), but as shown in FIG. A horizontally elongated groove 26 is formed on the surface 8b, and the cutting edge 2 is formed.
A square projection 27a that fits into the groove 26 may be provided on the front surface of 7. The square of the projection 27a is formed so as to be shifted by 45 ° from the square of the cutting edge 27. Therefore, even if the cutting edge 27 is rotated by 90 °, the projection 27a is formed.
Are fitted in the grooves 26 so that positioning can be performed. Other configurations are the same as those in FIG. In addition, the following stationary blades 10 and 11 can be similarly configured. That is, a protrusion may be provided on the stationary blades 10 and 11, and a groove may be provided on the tool post 29 side.

As shown in FIG. 4, a stationary blade (front blade) 10 and a rear stationary blade (front blade) 10 on the side of the body 1 that realizes a shearing and crushing mechanism in cooperation with the blade edge 22 of the rotary blade 8 are provided. (Rear blade) 11. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a structure for attaching the front stationary blade 10 to the body 1. L fixed to the fuselage 1 side
A plate-shaped tool rest 29 having a saw-shaped tip is mounted on the upper surface of a receiving seat 28 having a shape of a blade.
A plurality of stationary blades 10 having the same shape (square prism) as that of FIG. 5 (FIG. 4) have a corner protruding slightly from the tool post 29 toward the crushing chamber 6 (FIG. 4). A plurality of rows are provided in the same direction as the axial direction, fixed by bolts 30,
And the whole is fixed to the receiving seat 28 with bolts 33. Stationary blades 10 arranged in multiple rows
When you look at the tip, it looks like a saw blade. Therefore, the cutting edge 22 of each rotary blade passes through the valley of the stationary blade 10 as indicated by a virtual line, and at this time, shear crushing is performed. The screen 12 is provided below the seat 28. The upper surface of the holding plate 31 is a sliding surface of the pushing device 5 described above.

The mounting structure of the stationary blade 11 (FIG. 4) constituting the rear blade is substantially the same as described above. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, a tool rest 29 having a saw-toothed tip is attached to a receiving seat 28 fixed to the body 1 side, and the cutting edge 22 (FIG. 5) of the rotary blade is provided on the lower surface of the tool rest 29. The stationary blades 11 having the same shape are arranged in a row in the same direction as the axial direction of the drive shaft 7, and have a saw-tooth shape as a whole.

As shown in FIG. 4, the front stationary blade (front blade)
Reference numeral 10 denotes a horizontal line passing through the axis O of the drive shaft 7 (horizontal axis line).
Below 7b, the rear stationary blade (rear blade) 11 is displaced upward. That is, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 9 (this figure is at the position of the front stationary blade 10), the angle θ when the lower end of the cutting edge 22 of the rotary blade comes to the upper surface of the front stationary blade 10 is 0 °. Front stationary blade 1 so that <θ ≦ 6 °
0 is displaced below the horizontal axis 7a.
When θ> 6 °, the crushed material tends to escape, and on the contrary, the crushing resistance increases. The rear stationary blade 11 is the front stationary blade 1
0 and the axis O of the drive shaft 7 are arranged at point-symmetric positions with respect to the axis O of the drive shaft 7.
Is the same as

The arrangement as described above is to eliminate the large crushing resistance caused by the linear crushing (see FIG. 11 (b)) of the conventional uniaxial shear crusher. That is, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 9, when the blade 22 on the rotary blade side that comes to the horizontal position approaches the stationary blade 10 located below the same, the tip (angle) a of the blade edge 22 on the rotary blade side. The lower end point (blade point) b first hits the object to be crushed, and crushing is started by the movement of the blade point b. During the passage, the shear crushing is performed between the ridge surfaces c of both the angled cutting edges, whereby the crush resistance is greatly reduced.

As shown in FIG. 3, a gutter-shaped screen 12 facing the crushing chamber 6 below the rotary blade 8 is provided on a slide table 34 fixed to the body 1 side. As shown in FIG. 10, a large number of discharge holes 12 a are arranged in a zigzag on the arc surface of the screen 12. The end of a rod 35 a of a hydraulic cylinder 35 (FIG. 3) provided on the side wall of the body 1 is connected to an end frame 12 b at one end of the screen 12.
2 is configured to reciprocate on the slide table 34 within a certain range (normally, the distance between the two rotary blades 8). By reciprocating the screen 12, a self-cleaning action is generated on the screen 12, and the crushed material on the screen 12 does not stay due to the self-cleaning action, and does not clog because it is moved, and is reliably discharged downward. Will be done.

As described above, the screw conveyor 14 is disposed below the screen 12 and has a screw structure symmetrical with respect to the center line 16, so that the discharged crushed material is collected at the center. And is discharged outside through the discharge port 15.

[0036]

According to the first to fifth aspects, a smooth and stable operation of the single-shaft shearing crusher can be realized. In the first aspect, the cutting edge of the rotary blade and the stationary blade on the machine body side are formed in the shape of a saw blade, and the stationary blade is displaced from the horizontal axis of the drive shaft. Of the crushed object first by moving the peak of the chevron (edge point) when passing near the saw blade-shaped stationary blade, so compared to the conventional linear crushing mechanism, The crush resistance can be reduced, and consequently the power consumption can be reduced.

In particular, if the cutting edge of the rotary blade is made square as in claim 2, the four corners can be respectively used as a mountain-shaped cutting edge, and a new cutting edge is used each time for frequently occurring wear of the cutting edge. It is economical without having to prepare.

In particular, if the same blade as the square blade for the rotary blade is used as the stationary blade as in claim 3,
The number of parts can be reduced by unifying (unifying) parts.
Further, even if the cutting edge of the stationary blade is worn, four corners can be used, so that parts can be effectively used without replacing each time with a new part.

In particular, as described in claim 4, by moving the screen back and forth in the axial direction of the rotary blade by a predetermined distance, the crushed material can be smoothly passed through the eyes of the screen without staying on the screen. As a result, the screen can be discharged downward (the screen has a self-cleaning action), so that clogging of the screen can be prevented.

In particular, in claim 5, by adjusting the pushing speed of the pushing device in accordance with the load of the electric motor, it is possible to increase or decrease the amount of pushing and feeding of the crushed material in the stagnant chamber in the direction of the rotary blade. The conventional feeder becomes unnecessary, and overload of the electric motor can be prevented, and stable operation can be realized.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an external view of a single-shaft shearing crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the front.

FIG. 2 is an external view as viewed from the side.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the front of the crusher.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the same side surface.

FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a rotary blade and a cutting edge provided in the crusher.

FIG. 6 (a) is a plan view showing a state in which rotary blades are arranged in a row, and FIG.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the position of the cutting edge of each rotary blade.

FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view showing another embodiment of a cutting edge mounted on a rotary blade.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a stationary blade mounting structure with a part cut away.

FIG. 9 is a side view schematically showing a crushing mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a screen.

FIG. 11 (a) is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional uniaxial shear crusher,
(b) is a plan view showing a conventional shear crushing (linear crushing) mechanism.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Body 2 ... Hopper 2a ... Center of hopper opening 3 ... Reservoir chamber 4 ... Drive cylinder 5 ... Push-in device 6 ... Crushing chamber 7 ... Drive shaft 7a ... Vertical axis line (vertical line passing through the axis of the drive shaft) 7b ... Horizontal axis line (horizontal line passing through the axis of the drive shaft) 8 ... Rotating blade 9 ... (for rotating blade driving) Electric motor 10 ... Front stationary blade (front blade) 11 ... Rear stationary blade (rear blade) 12 ... Screen 14 ... Screw conveyor 15 ... Discharge port 22 ... Cutting edge 24 ... Presser fitting 27 ... Cutting edge 28 ... Receiving seat 29 ... Tool post

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] A rotary blade provided in a plurality of rows on a circumference of a drive shaft;
In a single-shaft shearing crusher having a stationary blade mounted on the fuselage side, the tips of the blades formed at regular intervals on the circumference of the rotary blade are formed in a mountain shape, and the blades cooperate with the blade shape of the mountain to form a coating. A uniaxial shearing type wherein a stationary blade fixed to the machine side for shearing and crushing the crushed material is formed in a saw blade shape, and the stationary blade is provided at a position shifted from a horizontal line passing through the axis of the drive shaft. Crushing machine. 2. The cutting edge of the rotary blade is formed separately from the rotary blade and is detachable, and the cutting edge is formed in a prism having a square cross section. 2. A single-shaft shearing crusher according to claim 1, wherein each of said crushers can be used as an angled edge. 3. The rotary blade has a cutting edge separate from the rotary blade and is detachably configured. The cutting edge is formed into a prism having a square cross section. The single-shaft shearing crusher according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the same cutting edges are arranged in the same direction as the axial direction of the drive shaft to form a saw blade-like stationary blade. 4. The uniaxial shearing crusher according to claim 1, wherein the screen provided below the rotary blade is configured to be movable in a predetermined range in the axial direction of the drive shaft. . 5. A stagnant chamber for crushed objects is formed in the machine body by displacing the position of the drive shaft of the rotary blade from the center of the opening of the hopper, and the amount of crushed objects in the stagnant chamber in the direction of the rotary blade is determined by: 5. A push-in device which automatically adjusts according to the load of the rotary blade driving motor.
The single-shaft shearing crusher according to any one of the preceding claims.