JP2001334161A - Crushing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problems of the poor shearing efficiency of conventional crushing machines as the effective shearing distance by rotary blades and stationary blades is short. SOLUTION: The shape of inlet and outlet stationary blade arrays 52, which are arranged at the inlet and outlet of a sieving screen 61 arranged to enclose a rotor 33 mounted with many rotary blades 38, is formed to the shape at which their blade valleys 52b incline with the thickness direction of stationary blade plates 51 and the rotation loci L of the peak-shaped tips of the rotary blades 38 pass nearly parallel with their both flanks at an optimum gap. Then, the length of the blade valleys 52b is about twice the thickness of the stationary blade plates 51 and this length extends considerably as the effective shearing distance as compared with that of the conventional blade valleys and therefore the treating materials may be surely captured and sheared regardless of whether the materials are hard or soft. Even the treating materials, like plastic sheets, which are soft and hardly shearable may be nearly surely torn and crushed. The materials remaining without being crushed decrease measurably and therefore the clogging of sieving holes decreases and eventually the crushing efficiency improves.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a crusher for crushing various materials and wastes. Specifically, a rotor having a number of rotating blades attached to a cylindrical outer peripheral surface, a sieve screen arranged so as to surround the rotor from the outside while leaving at least a part in the circumferential direction, and a blade trough through which the rotating blade passes The present invention relates to a crusher having a structure in which a fixed blade row having a fixed blade row and a rotating blade are used to shear and crush a processed material and discharge the processed material through a screen of a sieve screen.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An example of a conventional crusher of this type is shown in FIG.
And FIG. In the figure, b denotes various processed materials to be crushed, for example, wood and waste (waste plastic,
Paper, various construction waste materials, metals, carpets, ceramics, home appliances, etc.)
A lower end of the inclined bottom plate c and a sieve screen d are arranged so as to face the lower opening of the hopper b from below, and a rotor e is rotatably provided inside the sieve screen d. The rotor e is formed in a horizontally long cylindrical shape,
A number of rotary blades f are attached to the outer peripheral surface,
The motor is rotated in an axial direction (counterclockwise direction in the figure) by an electric motor (not shown). Rotary blade f is rotor e
A plurality of sets arranged at regular intervals in the circumferential direction are arranged in a large number in the axial direction of the rotor e, and each set of each set is arranged. Are arranged in such a manner that the arrangement phase changes like a wavy line on the rotor e.

[0003] The sieve screen d is formed by a metal rod assembled in a grid or a so-called punching plate, so that the grid windows and punching holes function as sieve holes, and the size of the screen is adjusted to the required crushing particle size. The whole of the outer peripheral surface of the rotor e except for the portion facing the lower end opening side of the hopper b is surrounded by the sieve screen d.

A pusher (push body) g reciprocated by a hydraulic cylinder is provided on the inclined bottom plate c, and the processed material put into the hopper b is intermittently pressed against the rotor e by the pusher g. At the entrance and exit of the gap between the sieving screen d and the rotor e, fixed blades h long in a direction parallel to the axis of the rotor e are separately arranged. The fixed blade plate h is formed with a fixed blade row i having a substantially saw blade shape.
Are arranged so that the cutting edge of the rotary blade f passes through each blade valley j (see FIG. 11). The valley j has a shape substantially complementary to the angled edge of the rotary blade f.

[0005] The workpiece pressed against the rotor e by the pusher g is conveyed by the rotary blade f while being fixed by the lower fixed blade row i, that is, the fixed blade row i at the entrance to the gap and the rotary blade f. After being sheared, it is carried into this gap, and the crushed pieces smaller than the sieve holes of the sieve screen d fall out through the sieve holes. What has not passed through the sieve hole is carried as it is by the rotary blade f, and this time, after being sheared by the upper fixed blade row i, that is, the fixed blade row i at the outlet of the gap and the rotary blade f, again. It is sheared by the lower fixed blade row i and the rotary blade f, and by repeating at least such a process, finally, the screen sieve d
Fall out of. Such a crusher is described in, for example, JP-A-11-90258 and JP-A-6-46505.

[0006]

The conventional crusher a described above has a problem that the shearing function of the rotary blade f and the fixed blade row i does not work well depending on the crushing object. Although there are several factors that affect the shearing function of the blade in such a form, the shape of the conventional fixed blade row i has a shape in which the blade valley j extends straight in the plate thickness direction of the fixed blade plate h, that is, Since the side edge of the fixed blade plate h is simply cut off in a V-shape in the plate thickness direction, the rotary blade f and the fixed blade row i relatively move in opposite directions with an optimum gap. There is almost no effective shear distance. That is, as can be seen from the rotation locus k of the rotary blade f shown in FIG. 11, the blade edge of the rotary blade f passes through the blade valley j of the fixed blade row i to produce an ideal shearing action. This is because it is only at one end of the bottom ridge line of the cutting valley j.

Therefore, the effective distance at which the optimum shearing action between the rotary blade f and the fixed blade row i works is actually only about the size of a point, and it is difficult to perform good shearing. In particular, a soft or thin material such as a vinyl sheet passes between the fixed blade row i and the rotary blade f and is scratched or torn in a straight line without being finely crushed. It is drawn into the screen side. This not only means that the soft processed material remains without being crushed, but also closes the sieve holes of the sieve screen d,
This poses a serious problem of hindering the discharge of the crushed processed material, and as a result, the processing efficiency is not improved.

[0008] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and only by devising the shape of the fixed blade row,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel crusher capable of increasing an effective shear distance between a rotary blade and a fixed blade row and capable of satisfactorily shearing a thin or soft blade.

[0009]

In order to achieve this object, a crusher according to the present invention comprises a rotor having a plurality of rotating blades attached to a cylindrical outer peripheral surface, and a rotor having a plurality of rotating blades mounted in the circumferential direction. A sieve screen provided so as to surround at least a part thereof and having a sieve hole of a required size, and a fixed blade row having a substantially saw-tooth shape having a blade valley through which the rotary blade passes were formed. A crusher comprising one or a plurality of fixed blade plates and a hopper for depositing a processing object on the rotor, wherein at least one fixed blade row has a shape, and a blade valley of the fixed blade plate has It is characterized in that it is inclined with respect to the thickness direction and extends in a direction substantially parallel to the rotation locus of the rotary blade.

Therefore, in this crusher, when the cutting edge of the rotary blade passes through the blade valley of the fixed blade row, the rotary blade keeps an optimum gap between the blade and the fixed blade row throughout. In this state, the moving distance of the rotary blade is longer than the thickness of the fixed blade plate. As a result, the effective shear distance between the rotary blade and the fixed blade row can be greatly increased as compared with the conventional one,
Regardless of the hardness of the material, the processed material can be reliably caught and sheared. In particular, even a soft and hardly sheared processed material such as a vinyl sheet can be almost certainly torn and crushed. And since what remains without being crushed is considerably reduced, clogging of a sieve hole is reduced, and as a result, crushing efficiency is also improved.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A crusher 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[A. Case, Hopper, Pusher] (FIGS. 1 to 3) Reference numeral 3 denotes a case of the crusher 1. The casing 3 has a substantially box shape and is supported by a large number of legs 4. The front side of the top plate 5 (the leftward direction in FIG. 1 is the front side, and the downward direction in FIG. The direction is referred to as the right side in the following description. This direction is followed in this direction.) A rectangular opening 5a (see FIG. 2) is formed substantially in a half part, and the rear upper part 7 of the casing 3 is behind the remaining part. It has a shape projecting obliquely upward. The opening 5a of the top plate 5 is provided with a funnel-shaped inlet 8 protruding upward from the opening 5a, and a chute 9 extending downward so as to follow the lower end of the inlet 8 is provided. A hopper 10 is constituted by 8 and the chute 9.

A first mounting base 12 extending horizontally in the left-right direction is disposed at a substantially intermediate height at a position near the front end inside the casing 3, and is separated from the first mounting base 12 obliquely downward and rearward. A second mounting base 13 extending in the left-right direction is arranged at the set position, and the second mounting base 13 is formed with a horizontal step surface 13a. A fixed blade plate and a sieving screen, which will be described later, are detachably attached to the attachment bases 12 and 13. As shown in FIG. 2, the lower end of the front wall of the chute 9 is attached to the first mounting base 12.
And the lower end of the rear side wall of the chute 9 is
It extends to a slightly lower height.

Inside the casing 3, an inner bottom plate 15 inclined downward by approximately 30 ° is provided, and the front end thereof is fixed to a second mounting base 13 and the mounting base 1 is fixed.
3 has reached the upper surface of a fixed blade plate described later. Therefore, the first half of the inner bottom plate 15 is
Facing from the bottom opening of the bottom. The lower end 1 of the inner bottom plate 15
5a (see FIG. 3) is formed separately from the remaining portion so that only the lower end portion can be easily removed when the fixed blade plate is replaced.

A two-way hydraulic cylinder 17 having a long stroke is disposed below the inner bottom plate 15. Also,
A box-shaped pusher 19 is mounted on the inner bottom plate 15 so as to be slidable in the inclination direction of the inner bottom plate 15, and a hydraulic pressure is applied to a connecting piece 19 a provided at the rear end of the pusher 19. The piston rod 17a of the cylinder 17 is connected. Therefore, when the hydraulic cylinder 17 is driven, the pusher 19 is moved. This move
It is performed between a retreat position shown by a solid line in FIG. 2 and a forward position shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG.

[B. Cutter Mechanism] (FIGS. 1 to 9) A cutter mechanism 31 is provided immediately below the front end of the lower end of the hopper 10 described above. This cutter mechanism 3
Reference numeral 1 denotes a portion for crushing the processed material, which includes a rotor 33 having a rotary blade 38 and a row of fixed entrance / exit blades 2.
The screen comprises a fixed blade plate 51, a sieve screen 61 provided with an in-screen fixed blade row, and the like.

[B-1. Rotor] (FIGS. 1 to 3, FIG. 5, FIG. 8, and FIG. 9) Reference numeral 34 denotes a rotor shaft. The rotor shaft 34 forms a body of the rotor 33 and has a columnar shape. Both ends of the rotor shaft 34 are processed into a required shape as a supported portion, and the outer peripheral surface of the remaining portion is endless in the circumferential direction. A large number of grooves 35 extending in a shape are formed. As can be seen from FIG. 8, the groove 35 has a V-shaped cross section with a central angle of approximately 90 °, and is formed at a constant pitch P in the axial direction of the rotor shaft 34 without interruption. Have been.

The rotor shaft 34 has the axis 2 as described above.
The mounting bases 12 and 13 are provided so as to extend horizontally in the left-right direction through just the middle of the mounting bases 12 and 13, and a portion where the groove 35 is formed is placed in the casing 3, and the supported portion is located outside the casing 3. It is rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown). The rotor shaft 34 provided in this manner is rotated by the electric motor 36 (see FIG. 1), and the direction of rotation is clockwise as viewed from the right.

Each of the grooves 35 is provided with three rotary blades 38 arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The rotary blade 38 is of a type called a so-called cubic cutter or the like having a square, thick plate shape, and is mounted in a posture in which the thickness direction faces the rotation direction of the rotor shaft 34 and forms a rhombus when viewed from this direction. ing. This mounting is performed by the rotary blade mounting block 3 previously welded to the groove 35.
9 can be exchanged by fixing it to the bolt 9 with bolts 40. The arrangement phase of the set of three rotating blades 38 attached in this manner, that is, the positional relationship in the rotation direction of the rotor shaft 34, has a form that changes in a wavy manner on the rotor shaft 34.

[B-2. Fixed Blade Plate] (FIGS. 1 to 4, FIG. 6, and FIG. 9) The two fixed blade plates 51 have substantially the same shape and size, except that their mounting postures are only point-symmetric with respect to each other. The fixed blade plate 51 is formed by processing a relatively thick horizontal strip that is long in the left-right direction, and the blade plate 51 is provided on one side in the width direction.
Blades 52a arranged at a constant pitch in the longitudinal direction of the
Is formed. The arrangement pitch of the blades 52a is the arrangement pitch P of the grooves 35 of the rotor shaft 34, in other words, the rotor shaft 34
And the arrangement pitch of the rotary blades 38 in the axial direction.

One of the two fixed blade plates 51 is attached to the lower surface of the first mounting base 12 in a horizontal posture with the entrance fixed blade row 52 facing rearward, and another fixed blade plate 51 is provided. 51 is attached to the stepped surface 13a of the second attachment base 13 in a horizontal posture with the entrance fixed blade row 52 facing the front side. This mounting is performed by attaching bolts 54 through mounting holes 51 a formed in the fixed blade plate 51 to the mounting base 1.
It is performed by screwing into the screw holes 2 and 13. The mounting position of the fixed blade plate 51 mounted in this manner depends on the blade row 5
2 is precisely defined so that the rotation locus L (see FIG. 9) of the angled portion protruding from the cutting edge of the rotary blade 38, that is, the outer peripheral surface of the rotor shaft 34, passes through each blade valley 52b.

As can be seen from FIG. 9, the upper fixed blade plate 51 (the fixed blade plate mounted on the first mounting base 12) has a rotational locus L of the rotary blade 38 passing through the blade valley 52b. Of the rotary blade 38 passing through the blade valley 52b of the lower fixed blade plate 51 is directed substantially diagonally forward and downward. It is provided at the height. Therefore, the upper and lower two fixed blade plates 51 are provided at positions opposite to each other with respect to the axis of the rotor shaft 34.

As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 9, the shape of the blade 52a of the entrance fixed blade row 52 is substantially parallel to the rotation locus L of the angled edge of the rotary blade 38 on both sides of the blade valley 52b with an optimum gap. It is shaped to pass through. Therefore, the valley 52
When viewed from the direction of the fold line circumscribing the rotation trajectory L, the groove b has a V-shaped short groove with an opening angle of approximately 90 °. Narrowing,
The length of the blade valley 52b is about twice the thickness of the fixed blade plate 51.

[B-3. Sieve Screen] (FIGS. 2, 3, 4, and 7) The overall shape of the sieve screen 61 is generally in the shape of a gutter, and its length in the circumferential direction is approximately the center angle. 12
There is about 0 ゜. The structure of the sieving screen 61 is such that a large number of vertical aggregates 62 arranged in the left-right direction and six horizontal aggregates 63 orthogonal to the vertical aggregates 62 are welded to each other to form a grid-like base portion. And a sieve plate 64 in which a sieve hole 64a of a required size is formed is attached to the base portion.

The vertical aggregate 62 has a plate shape bent in an arc shape having a central angle of about 120 °, and has a plurality of notches 62a arranged at equal intervals on its inner edge. The horizontal aggregate 63 has a long and narrow strip shape in the left-right direction, and has, on one side in the width direction, a number of blades 66a having an isosceles trapezoid shape when viewed from the thickness direction of the horizontal aggregate 63. A saw blade-shaped fixed blade row 66 in the screen is formed. The arrangement pitch of the blades 66a also matches the arrangement pitch of the rotary blades 38 in the axial direction of the rotor shaft 34.

The vertical aggregate 62 and the horizontal aggregate 63 are formed such that the other side in the width direction of the horizontal aggregate 63 is a cutout 62 of the vertical aggregate 62.
They are welded to each other in a state where they are fitted in a. by this,
A substantially lattice-like base portion is formed, and the six in-screen fixed blade rows 66 are directed toward the center of the arc of the vertical aggregate 62 when viewed from the left and right directions.

The sieve plate 64 has a large number of sieve holes 64a in a metal plate.
And is attached so as to cover all the lattice windows of the base portion (see FIGS. 3 and 4). Therefore, the sieve size of the sieve screen 61 is the size of the sieve hole 64a. Since there are several sizes of sieve holes required for this type of crusher, a sieve hole 64 is required.
The size of a is set to a required size, and when the size is somewhat large, the sieving plate 64 is not provided, and the lattice window itself composed of the vertical aggregates 62 and the horizontal aggregates 63 may be used as the sieving holes. good.

At the left and right ends of the screen 61, mounting walls 67 (see FIG. 3) are fixed. Sieve screen 6
1 is mounted so that the mounting wall 67 is fixed at a predetermined position below the front end in the machine housing 3 so as to surround the rotor 33 in a range extending from substantially forward to downward. This mounting is performed so as to be detachable from the mounting base 12 and the machine frame of the machine housing 3, and the mounting position is determined by the vertical aggregate 62.
Is precisely defined so that the center of the circular arc of the circle coincides with the axis of the rotor 33, and the rotation locus L of the cutting edge of the rotary blade 38 passes through the blade valley 66b of the fixed blade row 66 in the screen.

The opening between the lower end of the hopper 10 and the inner bottom plate 15 is closed by a sieving screen 61, and the rotor 33 is placed inside the sieving screen 61.
Is rotatably positioned. When the rotor 33 rotates, the cutting edge of the rotary blade 38 rotates through each blade valley 52b of the fixed entrance / exit blade row 52 and each valley 66b of the six fixed in-screen blade rows 66, and the entrance / exit fixed blade row 52 is rotated. No valley 5
The passing distance of the rotary blade 38 when passing through the fixed blade plate 51
Is almost twice as thick as The crusher 1 is configured as described above.

[C. Operation] (FIGS. 2, 3, 8, 9) Next, the operation of the crusher 1 will be described. When an operation start switch of a control panel (not shown) is turned on, the electric motor 36 starts, the rotor 33 rotates, and the hydraulic circuit for driving the hydraulic cylinder 17 is driven to reciprocate the pusher 19. When the processed material is put into the hopper 10 from this state, the processed material falls on the internal bottom plate 15 or is deposited on the pusher 19 which is moving forward, and the material on the front side from the pusher 19 is moved by the pusher 19. Pressed against the rotor 33.

The processed material pressed against the rotor 33 is
The rotating blades 38 of the rotor 33 are sequentially carried into the gap between the sieve plate 64 and the rotor shaft 34. The processing object carried in this manner is such that the rotary blades 38 have the blade valleys 52b of the entrance fixed blade row 52 and the blade valleys 6 of the screen fixed blade row 66.
6b, the fixed blade rows 52, 66 and the rotary blade 38 are sheared and crushed to reduce the particle size.
Those crushed smaller than 4a fall out of the sieve hole 64a, and those that do not pass through the sieve hole 64a
8, once carried out of the gap, carried again into the gap and repeatedly sheared. The crushed particles passing through the sieve holes 64a are carried to a target place by a conveyor (not shown) arranged below the cutter mechanism 31.

The shearing and crushing performed in this manner is performed twice by the fixed blade row 52 at the entrance / exit and six times by the fixed blade row 66 in the screen during the rotation of the rotor 33, that is, eight times in total. Therefore, as compared with the conventional crusher a in which the fixed blades are provided only at the entrance and the exit of the sieve screen, there is almost four times the shearing opportunity without increasing the rotation speed of the rotor.

The distance at which the cutting edge of the rotary blade 38 passes through the blade valley 52b of the fixed entrance / exit row 52 is fixed blade plate 51.
The thickness of the rotating blade 38 is maintained at an optimum gap between the blade valley 52b over the entire distance, so that the distance between the fixed blade 38 and the entrance fixed blade row 52 Effective distance. Therefore, regardless of the hardness of the material, it is possible to reliably capture and shear the processed material,
Even a soft and hardly sheared material such as a vinyl sheet can be almost certainly torn and crushed. And
Since the amount remaining without being crushed is considerably reduced, clogging of the sieve hole is reduced, and as a result, crushing efficiency is also increased.

The embodiment of the present invention has been described above.
The specific configuration of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and any change in design or the like without departing from the spirit of the present invention is also included in the present invention. For example, in the embodiment, the fixed blade plate on which the entrance fixed blade row is formed is provided in a horizontal posture, but the posture of the fixed blade plate in the present invention is not limited to a horizontal posture. Further, in the embodiment, the shape of the blade valley of the fixed blade row in the present invention is applied only to the entrance fixed blade row. However, when another fixed blade row such as a screen fixed blade row is provided, the fixed blade row is provided. It is conceivable that this shape of the blade valley is also applied to.

[0035]

As described above, according to the present invention, the effective shear distance between the rotary blade and the fixed blade row can be greatly extended as compared with the conventional one, and therefore, regardless of the hardness of the material, The processed material can be reliably caught and sheared, and in particular, even a soft and hardly sheared processed material such as a vinyl sheet can be almost certainly torn and crushed. And since what remains without being crushed is considerably reduced, clogging of a sieve hole is reduced, and as a result, crushing efficiency is also improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall plan view of a crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a central longitudinal sectional view of the crusher shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of an essential part taken along line AA of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of a sieve screen of the crusher shown in FIG.

5 is an enlarged perspective view of a main part of a rotor of the crusher shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged perspective view of a part of an entrance fixed blade plate of the crusher shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of a part of a fixed blade row in a screen of the crusher shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part, taken along the line BB of FIG. 3;

FIG. 9 is a view for explaining the shearing action of the rotary blade and the fixed entrance / exit blade row of the crusher shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view of a main part showing an example of a conventional crusher.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of the crusher of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1: Crusher 10: Hopper 33: Rotor
38 ... rotating blade 51 ... fixed blade plate 52 ... fixed blade row 52b ... blade valley (of fixed blade row) 64 ... sieving screen 64a ... sieving hole L ... rotation trajectory of rotary blade

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A rotor having a number of rotary blades mounted on a cylindrical outer peripheral surface, and a sieve hole of a required size provided so as to surround the rotor except for at least a part thereof in the circumferential direction. A sieving screen, one or a plurality of fixed blade plates having a fixed blade row having a blade valley through which the rotary blade passes and having a substantially saw blade shape, and a hopper for depositing a processed material on the rotor; A crusher having at least one fixed blade row, the blade valley of which is inclined with respect to the thickness direction of the fixed blade plate and extends in a direction substantially parallel to the rotation locus of the rotary blade. A crusher characterized in that: