JP2008284486A - Shearing type crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shearing type crusher capable of facilitating the replacing work of a rotary blade or a fixed blade, removing work of an object to be treated in the case of being clogged, and maintenance work such as an inspection and a cleaning. <P>SOLUTION: The shearing type crusher 1 comprises: the rotor rotary blade 30 having multiple rotary blades 31 on the outer surface 33 of a rotor 32 set in a crushing chamber 3; the fixed blade 4 set in the crushing chamber 3 at a position cooperating with the rotary blades 31 with a given crushing space L; a pusher housing frame body 5 communicatingly provided with the crushing chamber 3 and reciprocatingly moving a pusher 6 pressing the object to be treated to the rotor rotary blade 30; an opening 52 for maintenance provided on a floor face 51 on which the pusher 6 of the pusher containing frame body 5 reciprocatingly moves; and a hatch 53 openably/closably closing the opening 52. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a shearing crusher that shears and crushes an object to be processed with a rotary blade and a fixed blade.

In recent years, so-called wastes such as waste plastic materials, waste wood, waste printed boards, waste tires, and paper waste have been widely collected and reused.
Generally, these wastes are reused after separating the collected wastes into the same type as possible (the wastes are hereinafter referred to as “processed objects”) and then crushing the processed objects with a crusher or the like. After making it a piece and making it easy to carry, etc., various treatments are performed depending on the purpose, such as pelletization or densification.

  As such a crusher, a workpiece is sheared between a rotary blade having a plurality of replacement blades provided on one rotor and a fixed blade having a plurality of blade portions fixed to the main body. A workpiece is sheared and crushed between a uniaxial shearing crusher to be crushed and between rotary blades provided on each of two parallel rotors and / or between a rotary blade and a fixed blade fixed to the main body. A biaxial shear type crusher is widely used.

  An example of such a crusher is a shear crusher 100 as shown in FIG. 5 (see Patent Document 1). The shear crusher 100 includes a hopper 102 for loading an object to be processed provided at the top of the main body 101, a crushing chamber 140 disposed at the bottom of the hopper 102, and a processing target at the bottom of the hopper 102. A pusher 106 that pushes out an object, and the pusher 106 is provided on the crushing chamber 140 side by a pressing cylinder 161 so as to be capable of reciprocating on the floor surface 105. The uniaxial shearing crusher 100 has a plurality of replaceable rotary blades 131 attached to the outer surface 132 of the rotor 103, and the fixed blade 104 attached to the main body 101 facing the rotary blade 131. Then, the object to be processed is crushed. Note that Patent Document 1 describes that the floor surface 105 of the uniaxial shear crusher 100 is configured to be able to push the object to be processed obliquely downward toward the crushing chamber 140.

  Since the rotary blade 131 and the fixed blade 104 are worn or damaged by the object to be processed, it is necessary to replace them relatively frequently. Therefore, in the shearing crusher 100 described in Patent Document 1, an operator enters from the hopper 102 and replaces the rotary blade 131 and the fixed blade 104. In addition, the removal work of the object to be processed when the object to be processed is jammed, and the maintenance work such as inspection and cleaning are performed by an operator entering the hopper 102 in the same manner.

Moreover, as an example of this crusher, the shearing crusher 200 as shown in FIG. 6 can be mentioned, for example (refer patent document 2). The basic configuration of the shearing crusher 200 is the same as that of the shearing crusher 100 of Patent Document 1, but the hopper 202 part operates upwardly around the hinge 218 by operating a cylinder 217 to show an imaginary line. The crushing chamber 206 can be opened by rotating to a position.
Therefore, in the shear type crusher 200, the replacement work of the rotary blade 208 attached to the rotor 207 and the fixed blade 210 attached to the main body, the work removal work when the work is jammed, the inspection and the cleaning are performed. In the maintenance work such as the above, the above-mentioned work can be performed by rotating the hopper 202 portion upward.

JP 2002-126551 A (paragraph 0009, FIG. 1) Japanese Patent No. 2613362 (paragraph 0022, FIG. 2)

  However, the shearing crusher 100 described in Patent Document 1 replaces the rotary blade 131 of the rotor 103 or the fixed blade 104 fixed to the main body, or removes the workpiece when the workpiece is clogged. When performing maintenance work such as inspection and cleaning, the workers had to squat down and perform these work. Therefore, the workers engaged in this were forced to suffer from squatting down. This is particularly noticeable when the floor surface 105 of the hopper 102 is inclined toward the rotor 103. Further, when the floor surface 105 of the hopper 102 is inclined as in the shearing crusher 100 described in Patent Document 1, there is a risk that an operator may fall on the floor surface 105 or the rotor 103. .

  Further, in the shear type crusher 200 described in Patent Document 2, although the hopper 202 part rotates upward, the positional relationship with the crushing chamber 206 is not preferable, and replacement work of the rotary blade 208 and the fixed blade 210, When the work to be processed is removed, maintenance work such as inspection and cleaning is carried out, so that the worker must be crouched on the floor 205 after all. Was forced.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, such as replacement work of rotating blades and fixed blades, removal work of the object to be processed when the object to be processed is jammed, maintenance work such as inspection and cleaning, etc. It is an object of the present invention to provide a shearing crusher that can be easily performed.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a shearing type crusher according to the present invention is a shearing type crusher that shears and crushes an object to be processed introduced into a crushing chamber in cooperation with a rotary blade and a fixed blade, A rotor rotary blade provided with a plurality of the rotary blades on the outer surface of the rotor installed in the crushing chamber, and a fixed blade installed in the crushing chamber at a position where the rotary blade cooperates with a predetermined crushing interval. A pusher storage frame body that is provided in communication with the crushing chamber and reciprocates a pusher that presses the workpiece against the rotor rotary blade, and the pusher of the pusher storage frame body is reciprocated. A maintenance opening provided on the surface and a hatch for closing the opening so as to be freely opened and closed are provided.

  As described above, the maintenance opening and the hatch are provided on the floor surface of the pusher storage frame body, so that the rotor can easily face the rotor. Therefore, replacement work of the rotary blade and fixed blade, removal work of the object to be processed when the object is jammed, maintenance work such as inspection and cleaning can be easily performed from this opening.

  The hatch of the shear crusher according to the present invention is preferably connected to a driving means for opening and closing. Thus, if it opens and closes by the drive means which opens and closes a hatch, the labor at the time of opening and closing a hatch can be saved.

  The shear crusher according to the present invention includes a drive cylinder that drives the pusher in the front-rear direction of the floor surface at a central portion in the left-right direction on the back side of the floor surface, and the opening and the hatch are provided in the drive cylinder. Preferably, the hatch is connected to the right and left sides, and the driving means is connected to each hatch. If it does in this way, even if a shearing type crusher is wide, it can face all the rotary blades and fixed blades easily.

  While the hatch of the shearing crusher according to the present invention is open, the pusher is prevented from moving by at least one of a restraining means for restraining the drive of the drive cylinder and a latching means for latching the pusher. Is preferable. In this way, it is possible to increase the safety when the worker opens the hatch and works from here.

In the shearing type crusher according to the present invention, it is preferable that the pusher storage frame body is installed such that the position of the other end far from the crushing chamber is higher than one end close to the crushing chamber.
When the pusher storage frame body is tilted in this way, the object to be processed is easily slid to the crushing chamber side, so that the object to be processed is hardly pulled into the pusher and dropped from the other end side. Can reduce the load. Moreover, since the thrown object to be processed slides down due to the inclination, the pressure of the pusher can be lowered.

The shear crusher of the present invention has a maintenance opening provided on the floor surface of the pusher storage frame body, and a hatch that covers the opening so as to be freely opened and closed. You can face the rotor. Therefore, it is possible to easily perform a replacement operation of the rotary blade or the fixed blade, a removal operation of the object to be processed when the object to be processed is jammed, a maintenance operation such as inspection or cleaning.
According to the shearing type crusher of the present invention, even if the floor surface is inclined toward the rotor, the worker does not have to squat down and work. Freed from the pain of working with.
Furthermore, according to the shearing type crusher of the present invention, since the work is performed from the opening on the floor surface, there is no risk that the worker falls on the floor surface or on the rotor.

  Hereinafter, the shear crusher according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate. In the drawings to be referred to, FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a shear crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 illustrates a rotor of the shear crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a principal part top view to do.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the shearing type crusher 1 according to the present invention shears and crushes the workpiece to be processed introduced into the crushing chamber in cooperation with the rotary blade 31 and the fixed blade 4. The crusher mainly includes a hopper 2, a crushing chamber 3, a rotor rotary blade 30, a fixed blade 4, and a pusher storage frame body 5, and the floor surface 51 of the pusher storage frame body 5 A maintenance opening 52 and a hatch 53 that closes the opening 52 so as to be freely opened and closed are provided.
The shear crusher 1 shown in FIG. 1 is illustrated by exemplifying a uniaxial shear crusher having one rotor 32 having a rotary blade 31, but an opening for maintenance on the floor surface 51. 52 and a hatch 53 that closes the opening 52 so as to be openable and closable, even if it is a biaxial shear crusher, the configuration is the same as that of the shear crusher 1 shown in FIG. It goes without saying that it can be done.

  The hopper 2 is provided above the crushing chamber 3, and a workpiece is thrown in and stored. In order to store a larger number of objects to be processed, the hopper 2 may be at least partially inclined to increase its capacity so that the cross-sectional area increases as the distance from the crushing chamber 3 increases. Further, it is more preferable to provide a tilt 21 for increasing the capacity at the upper part of the hopper 2.

As described above, the crushing chamber 3 is provided below the hopper 2. In the crushing chamber 3, the rotor rotary blade 30 and the fixed blade 4 are installed in order to shear and crush the workpiece. ing.
The rotor rotary blade 30 installed in the crushing chamber 3 is provided with a plurality of rotary blades 31 on the outer surface 33 of the rotor 32, and shears the object to be processed in cooperation with the fixed blade 4 as will be described later. And crush.

The rotor 32 is a shaft member that rotates about a rotation axis, and a plurality of rotary blades 31 for crushing an object to be processed are provided on the outer surface 33 thereof. The rotor 32 only needs to be a shaft member that rotates about the rotation axis, and may have a polygonal column shape, a cylindrical shape, or the like.
The rotor 32 is connected to a drive motor such as a hydraulic motor or an electric motor that generates a driving force for rotating the rotor 32. The rotor 32 can be rotated at an appropriate speed by rotationally driving the drive motor.

A plurality of rotary blades 31 are attached to the outer surface 33 of the rotor 32 so as to be replaceable.
As the rotary blade 31, a conventionally known one can be used. As such a rotary blade 31, for example, a cemented carbide tip is bolted to a holder, a cemented carbide tip is partially brazed to a base material, a hard solid material, a hardfacing material, a hardened material, or the like. Depending on the object to be processed and the method of use, it can be appropriately selected. Further, the number of rotary blades 31 provided in the rotor 32 can be set as appropriate, and is not particularly limited. Further, since the rotary blade plays a role of shearing and crushing the object to be processed, it is preferable to form the rotating blade with a metal having a hardness higher than that of the object to be processed.

The shape of the rotary blade 31 is a shape corresponding to the fixed blade 4 described later having a plurality of blade portions 41 that cooperate with this at a predetermined crushing interval L, and any shape can be used as long as the workpiece can be crushed. Good. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, when the blade portion 41 of the fixed blade 4 has a triangular shape in plan view, a portion that becomes a cutting blade protruding from the rotor 32 is set to a predetermined crushing interval L with the blade portion 41. It is good to have a triangular shape that opens and cooperates. Further, when the blade portion 41 of the fixed blade 4 has a quadrangular shape in plan view, the portion that becomes the cutting blade protruding from the rotor 32 cooperates with the blade portion 41 with a predetermined crushing interval L. It is better to have a square shape.
Note that the predetermined crushing interval L can be appropriately set according to the physical properties of the object to be processed and the size of the crushing pieces after crushing.

  The fixed blade 4 is installed in the crushing chamber 3 at a position that cooperates with the rotary blade 31 of the rotor 32 with a predetermined crushing interval L. The fixed blade 4 has a plurality of blade portions 41. The fixed blade 4 has one or more bolt mounting portions (not shown), and is detachably bolted by bolts through the bolt mounting portions. Since the fixed blade 4, particularly the blade portion 41, collaborates with the rotary blade 31 to shear and crush the object to be processed, it is formed of a metal having a hardness that is at least higher than that of the object to be processed.

  One end 51 a of the floor surface 51 of the pusher storage frame body 5 is provided so as to be connected to the end 42 which is the opposite side of the blade 41 of the fixed blade 4. That is, the pusher storage frame body 5 is provided in communication with the crushing chamber 3, and the pusher 6 that presses the workpiece against the fixed blade 4 and the rotary blade 31 can reciprocate on the floor surface 51. ing. Therefore, since this floor 51 forms the bottom part of the hopper 2, it is preferable to make it flat.

  The pusher storage frame body 5 is preferably installed so that the position of the other end 51b far from the crushing chamber 3 is higher than the one end 51a close to the crushing chamber 3. By adopting such an inclined installation structure, the pusher storage frame body is reciprocated by the reciprocating motion of the pusher 6 in the pusher storage frame body 5 when the pusher storage frame body 5 has a horizontal installation structure. 5 is gradually pulled to the other end 51b side, and finally the phenomenon of dust falling out of the machine and being discharged is eliminated, and the burden of dust removal and cleaning is greatly reduced.

  As described above, the floor surface 51 is provided with one or more maintenance openings 52 at least in part, preferably at a position close to the end 42 of the fixed blade 4. The opening 52 is provided with a hatch 53 for closing the opening 52 so that the opening 52 can be opened and closed. By opening the hatch 53, the rotor 52 can be easily faced. The opening / closing format of the hatch 53 is not particularly limited, and can be suitably provided by pivoting or sliding. The direction in which the hatch 53 is opened and closed is not particularly limited, and the direction parallel to the direction in which the pusher 6 reciprocates (the front-rear direction of the pusher storage frame body 5) or the direction perpendicular thereto (the pusher storage frame body 5 of the pusher storage frame body 5). It can be provided to open and close in the left-right direction (FIG. 1 shows a state in which the pusher 6 opens and closes in a direction parallel to the reciprocating direction).

  FIG. 1 shows a state in which two openings 52 and two hatches 53 are provided, and an operator can select from these hatches 53 and 53 as appropriate depending on the location where the work is desired. Work can be done.

  The hatch 53 can be opened and closed manually if it is light, but if the weight is heavy, it is preferable that the hatch 53 can be opened and closed by appropriate mechanical means. If the hatch 53 can be opened and closed by mechanical means, labor for opening and closing the hatch 53 can be saved. Examples of such mechanical means for opening and closing the hatch (driving means for opening and closing the hatch) include hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders, electric cylinders, combinations of electric motors and links, and the like, but are not limited thereto. (In FIG. 1, a hydraulic cylinder 54 is shown as an example of such mechanical means.)

  When the hatch 53 has a rectangular shape, it is preferable to provide one hydraulic cylinder 54 near the two opposite sides of the hatch 53. In this way, when the hatch 53 is closed and crushed, the two opposite sides of the hatch 53 can be closed by the respective hydraulic cylinders 54 and 54, so that the hatch 53 is bent when the workpiece is crushed. Can be prevented. Further, since the two hydraulic cylinders 54, 54 are provided for one hatch 53, the hatch 53 can be more reliably closed when the hatch 53 is closed.

  The pusher 6 is connected to, for example, one drive cylinder 61 provided along the pusher moving direction (front-rear direction) at the center portion in the left-right direction on the back side of the floor 51, and drives the drive cylinder 61. By this, it is provided so that the floor surface 51 can be reciprocated back and forth. The opening 52 and the hatch 53 are provided on the left and right sides of the drive cylinder 61 (in FIG. 1, the drive cylinder 61 is provided in the center and on the left and right), and each hatch 53 is as described above. Are connected by hydraulic cylinders 54 and 54, respectively.

  The shear crusher 1 of the present invention preferably includes a safety device (not shown) for preventing the pusher 6 from moving while the hatch 53 is open. Such a safety device may be software or hardware, and these may be used in combination. As a software safety device, for example, in a control unit (not shown) that controls the pressure of the drive cylinder 61 that operates the pusher 6, control that stops the drive cylinder 61 while the hatch 53 is open. An example is a program (stopping means) that issues a command. Further, as a hardware safety device, for example, a metal bar member (not shown) is disposed between the pusher 6 and the rotor 32 to lock the pusher 6 or to store the pusher 6. A through hole (not shown) is provided in the side plate 5s of the body 5, and a metal bar member (not shown) is inserted from here to lock the pusher 6 (locking means). It is preferable to use such a metal rod member having sufficient strength so that it is not deformed or sheared by the pusher 6. Further, the metal bar member preferably has a relatively large diameter in order to give the worker a sense of security.

  The shearing crusher 1 of the present invention is separated below the rotor 32 to regulate the size of the crushed pieces, and below this screen 7 is a screw conveyor, an endless belt conveyor, or the like. A shredded piece conveying means 8 is provided. In FIG. 1, a screw conveyor 81 is illustrated as a crushed piece conveying means 8 together with a reduction motor 92 that controls the rotation speed thereof. Examples of the screen 7 include a punched net, a net-like casting, and a steel material having a lattice structure.

  Next, operation | movement of the shearing crusher 1 which concerns on this invention which has an above described structure is demonstrated with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the shear crusher according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1 exemplifying a situation where an operator is performing maintenance work on the rotor after the workpiece is crushed.

  First, as shown in FIG. 3A, the hatch 53 of the floor surface 51 that is the bottom of the hopper 2 is closed, and the workpiece O is moved into the hopper 2 with the pusher 6 pulled up to the other end 51b of the floor surface 51. And store it here. In addition, when throwing in the to-be-processed object O in the hopper 2, the rotor 32 and the screw conveyor 81 may be rotating previously with a suitable rotational speed, However, These rotations may be stopped. When the rotation of the rotor 32 and the screw conveyor 81 is stopped, the rotation is started after the workpiece O is put into the hopper 2.

  Then, a pressing force input from the drive cylinder 61 is applied, the pusher 6 is moved toward the rotor 32, and the workpiece O is pressed by the pusher 6. The object to be processed O pressed by the pusher 6 is sheared and crushed by the rotary blade 31 of the rotor 32 and the blade portion 41 of the fixed blade 4.

  The crushed pieces C fall below the rotor 32 and pass through the screen 7 if the size is appropriate, and further, the wings 81a of the rotating screw conveyor 81 disposed below (see FIG. 1). Fall between. The crushed pieces C dropped between the wings 81a are sequentially conveyed toward the back side with respect to the paper surface of FIG. 3A by the rotation of the rotating screw conveyor 81, and stored in a storage container (not shown).

  After the crushing operation of the workpiece O is completed, the workpiece O is removed during the replacement operation of the rotary blade 31 of the rotor 32 or the fixed blade 4 fixed to the main body, the maintenance operation such as inspection or cleaning, and the crushing operation. When clogging occurs, when performing the removal work of the object O to be removed, the pusher 6 is stopped (locked) using at least one of the above-described soft safety device and hardware safety device. . Then, as shown in FIG. 3B, the worker W opens the hatch 53 of the floor 51, faces the rotor 32 from the opened opening 52, and performs the above-described work.

As described above, the shear crusher 1 according to the present invention has the maintenance opening 52 provided on the floor surface 51 of the pusher storage frame body 5 and the hatch 53 that closes the opening 52 so as to be opened and closed. Therefore, the rotor 32 can be easily faced from the opening 52. Therefore, it is easy to replace the rotary blade 31 of the rotor 32 or the fixed blade 4 fixed to the main body, to remove the object to be processed O when the object to be processed O is jammed, or to perform maintenance work such as inspection or cleaning. It can be carried out.
Further, since the opening 52 and the hatch 53 are provided on the floor 51, the worker W does not have to squat down at the bottom of the hopper 2 (particularly, the floor 51), so that the worker who engages in this operation W is freed from the pain of crouching and working. Furthermore, since the opening 52 and the hatch 53 are provided on the floor surface 51, the above-described operation can be performed from the hatch 53. Therefore, even if the floor surface 51 is inclined toward the rotor 32, the operation can be performed. There is no risk of the person W falling over the floor 51 or the rotor 32.

Next, with reference to FIG. 4, a shearing crusher according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a shear crusher according to another embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 4, the shear crusher 11 according to another embodiment of the present invention is a uniaxial shear crusher, similar to the above-described shear crusher 1. The inclined floor 51 is provided horizontally, and the hatch 53 is opened and closed in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the pusher 6 reciprocates.
Thus, even when the floor 51 is provided horizontally and the opening / closing direction of the hatch 53 is set to a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the pusher 6 reciprocates, the worker W opens the hatch 53 and opens the opening. 52 can easily face the rotor 32.

  The shear crusher of the present invention has been specifically described in the best mode for carrying out the invention, but the gist of the present invention is not limited to these descriptions, and the description of the claims Should be interpreted widely. Needless to say, various changes and modifications based on these descriptions are also included in the spirit of the present invention.

  For example, although the fixed blade 4 has been described as an integral body having the blade portion 41, the fixed blade 4 has the same configuration as the rotary blade 31, that is, the blade portion 41 and a holder portion (not shown) for fixing the blade portion 41. It is good also as a structure which can be isolate | separated into. If it does in this way, only arbitrary blade parts 41 can be replaced.

It is a partial notch perspective view of the shearing type crusher which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a principal part top view explaining the rotor of the shearing type crusher which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining operation | movement of the shearing type crusher which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (a) is AA sectional drawing of FIG. FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 1 exemplifying a situation where an operator is performing maintenance work on the rotor after crushing the workpiece. It is AA sectional drawing of FIG. 1 which shows the shearing type crusher which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the conventional uniaxial shear type crusher. It is sectional drawing which shows another example of the conventional uniaxial shearing type crusher.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shear type crusher 2 Hopper 3 Crushing chamber 30 Rotor rotary blade 31 Rotary blade 32 Rotor 33 Outer surface 4 Fixed blade 41 Blade part 5 Pusher storage frame body 51 Floor surface 52 Opening part 53 Hatch 6 Pusher 7 Screen 8 Fragment piece conveyance means

Claims (5)

A shearing type crusher that shears and crushes the workpiece introduced into the crushing chamber in cooperation with the rotary blade and the fixed blade,
A rotor rotary blade provided with a plurality of the rotary blades on the outer surface of the rotor installed in the crushing chamber;
A fixed blade installed in the crushing chamber at a position that cooperates with the rotary blade at a predetermined crushing interval;
A pusher storage frame body that is provided in communication with the crushing chamber and reciprocally moves a pusher that presses the workpiece to the rotor rotary blade;
A maintenance opening provided on a floor surface on which the pusher of the pusher storage frame body reciprocates; and
A hatch that can be opened and closed freely,
A shearing crusher characterized by comprising:   The shearing crusher according to claim 1, wherein the hatch is connected to driving means for opening and closing. A drive cylinder for driving the pusher in the front-rear direction of the floor surface is provided at a central portion in the left-right direction on the back side of the floor surface,
The opening and the hatch are provided on the left and right sides of the drive cylinder,
The shear type crusher according to claim 2, wherein the driving means is connected to each of the hatches.   The pusher is prevented from moving by at least one of a restraining means for restraining the drive of the drive cylinder and a latching means for latching the pusher while the hatch is open. The shearing type crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   The pusher storage frame body is installed so that the position of the other end far from the crushing chamber is higher than one end close to the crushing chamber. A shearing crusher as described in 1.

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